CN102828840B - 低压egr系统和低压egr冷却器的效率检测方法 - Google Patents

低压egr系统和低压egr冷却器的效率检测方法 Download PDF

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CN102828840B
CN102828840B CN201110430022.8A CN201110430022A CN102828840B CN 102828840 B CN102828840 B CN 102828840B CN 201110430022 A CN201110430022 A CN 201110430022A CN 102828840 B CN102828840 B CN 102828840B
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low pressure
exhaust gas
pressure egr
cooler
downstream
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CN102828840A (zh
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南基勋
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Kia Motors Corp
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Abstract

本发明涉及低压EGR系统和低压EGR冷却器的效率检测方法。用于废气再循环(EGR)系统的低压EGR冷却器效率诊断方法包括：测量发动机的速度和负载；根据所述发动机的速度和负载设置所述低压EGR冷却器的下游的模型温度与检测温度之差的阈值；测量EGR阀的上游侧和下游侧之间的压力差；根据测量的压力差计算通过所述低压EGR冷却器的废气的质量流量；根据计算的质量流量计算所述低压EGR冷却器的效率；根据计算的效率计算所述低压EGR冷却器的下游的所述模型温度；以及比较所述低压EGR冷却器的下游的所述模型温度与所述低压EGR冷却器的下游的检测温度。本发明还公开了低压EGR系统。

Description

低压EGR系统和低压EGR冷却器的效率检测方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本发明要求2011年6月13日在韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第10-2011-0057019号的优先权，其全部内容为各种目的通过引用而包含于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于诊断低压废气再循环(EGR)系统和低压EGR冷却器的效率的方法。更具体而言，本发明涉及低压EGR系统的低压EGR冷却器的温度计算方法和低压EGR冷却器效率诊断方法，所述方法使用低压EGR阀模型和低压EGR冷却器模型。
背景技术
一般而言，大多数柴油发动机配备有废气再循环(EGR)系统以满足排气管制。
废气再循环系统将从发动机排放的一部分废气再循环到进气管道以降低发动机的燃烧温度以及减小NOx的产生量。
NOx的消除已经成为欧洲和北美的排气管制所依据的重要因素，使用低压EGR系统以及高压EGR系统来有效地控制再循环废气的温度和流量。
特别地，最近应用EGR冷却器来满足针对柴油发动机的排气管制。但是，由于EGR冷却器冷却废气，烟或颗粒物(PM)可能堵塞EGR冷却器的内部通道。在这种情况下，EGR冷却器的效率降低。
当EGR冷却器的效率降低时，不能正常地冷却废气，而且难以通过外表了解EGR冷却器是否被堵塞，因此需要开发一种预测冷却器的效率的模型或方法。更特别地，需要不分解EGR冷却器而检测EGR冷却器的效率。
公开于该发明背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在加深对本发明的一般背景技术的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的各个方面用于提供一种方法，其优点在于通过使用低压废气再循环(EGR)系统中的低压EGR阀模型和低压EGR冷却器模型诊断低压EGR冷却器的效率。
本发明的其他方面用于提供一种系统，其优点在于通过计算低压EGR冷却器的下游侧的模型温度诊断低压EGR冷却器的效率。
本发明的用于EGR系统的示例性的低压EGR冷却器效率诊断方法可包括：测量发动机的速度和负载；根据所述发动机的速度和负载设置所述低压EGR冷却器的下游的模型温度与检测温度之差的阈值；测量EGR阀的上游侧和下游侧之间的压力差；根据测量的压力差计算通过所述低压EGR冷却器的废气的质量流量(mass flow rate)；根据计算的质量流量计算所述低压EGR冷却器的效率；根据计算的效率计算所述低压EGR冷却器的下游的所述模型温度；以及比较所述低压EGR冷却器的下游的所述模型温度与所述低压EGR冷却器的下游的检测温度。
通过低压EGR阀模型计算通过所述低压EGR冷却器的废气的质量流量。
根据通过所述低压EGR冷却器的废气的质量流量、冷却剂温度、以及所述低压EGR冷却器的入口处的废气温度计算所述低压EGR冷却器的效率。
通过低压EGR冷却器效率模型计算所述低压EGR冷却器的下游的温度。如果所述模型温度与检测温度之差大于预定的阈值，则继续去抖动时间。如果在执行去抖动时连续产生错误，则可以停止所述低压EGR系统。
所述低压EGR冷却器效率诊断方法可以进一步包括当所述低压EGR系统停止时通过警告灯发送警报。
示例性低压EGR系统包括进气管道、排气管道、低压EGR管道、低压EGR阀和低压EGR冷却器，其中进入空气通过所述进气管道被供给至发动机，发动机的废气通过所述排气管道，所述低压EGR管道从所述排气管道分叉并且连接至所述进气管道，所述低压EGR阀设置在所述低压EGR管道上，所述低压EGR冷却器冷却流过所述低压EGR阀的废气，所述系统可包括：压力传感器，所述压力传感器设置在所述低压EGR阀的下游侧和上游侧；温度传感器，所述温度传感器设置在所述低压EGR冷却器的下游侧；控制部，所述控制部使用通过所述压力传感器测量的压力差来计算通过所述低压EGR管道的废气的质量流量，以及使用质量流量来计算所述低压EGR冷却器的下游侧的温度。
所述压力传感器可设置在所述低压EGR阀的上游侧和下游侧和/或所述低压EGR冷却器的上游侧和下游侧。
事故备用过滤器可设置在所述低压EGR冷却器的上游侧。在所述低压EGR管道的上游侧可设置催化剂。所述催化剂可包括柴油机过滤器催化剂和柴油机氧化催化剂。可设置警告灯以便为所述低压EGR系统的事故条件发送警报。
本发明的示例性诊断方法可以使用低压EGR阀中的流量模型和低压EGR冷却器中的效率模型来诊断低压EGR冷却器的效率。
使用通过低压EGR冷却器的废气量和流入低压EGR冷却器的入口的废气的温度来计算低压EGR冷却器的下游侧的温度。
此外，比较低压EGR冷却器的下游侧的模型温度与其测量温度，以便诊断低压EGR冷却器的效率。
此外，本发明通过预测低压EGR冷却器的效率来满足例如欧6(Euro-6)的管制。
通过纳入本文的附图以及随后与附图一起用于说明本发明的某些原理的具体实施方式，本发明的方法和装置所具有的其它特征和优点将变得清楚或更为具体地得以阐明。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的各个方面的示例性废气再循环(EGR)系统的示意图。
图2是根据本发明的各个方面的用于计算低压EGR冷却器的下游侧的模型温度的流程图。
具体实施方式
现在，将详细参考本发明的不同实施例，其实例显示在附图和以下描述中。虽然将结合示例性的实施例描述本发明，但应当理解该描述并非要把本发明限制于该示例性的实施例。相反，本发明将不仅覆盖该示例性的实施例，而且还覆盖各种替换的、改变的、等效的和其他实施例，其可包含在所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围内。
总体而言，在如图1所示的系统中，废气从排气管道110再循环到进气管道180，高压EGR系统200从涡轮增压器170的涡轮机171的上游侧分叉，低压EGR系统100从例如柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF)的净化设备的下游侧分叉。
再次参考图1，根据本发明的各个实施例的低压EGR系统100包括向发动机供应新鲜空气的进气管道180，从排气管道110分叉的低压EGR管道140，废气从要连接至进气管道180的发动机400流动通过该排气管道110从而废气通过其进行再循环，设置在低压EGR管道140上用于调节废气再循环量的低压EGR阀130，设置在低压EGR阀130的下游侧和上游侧的用于测量低压EGR阀130的上游侧和下游侧之间的压力差的压力传感器121、122、123、124，设置在低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的温度传感器125，设置在低压EGR管道140上用于冷却正被再循环的废气的低压EGR冷却器160，以及控制部500，所述控制部500使用低压EGR阀130的下游侧和上游侧之间的压力差以及通过低压EGR管道140的流动量来计算低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的模型温度，以及比较所计算的模型温度与低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的测量温度，从而能够诊断低压EGR冷却器160的效率。
此外，在本发明的各个实施例中，低压EGR阀130设置在从排气管道110分叉的部分，其可以是三通阀以便使排气管道110的废气流入低压EGR管道140中。
在这种情况下，催化剂120设置在排气管道110中，催化剂120可以包括柴油机过滤器催化剂(DPF)或者柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)，低压EGR阀130设置在催化剂120的下游侧。DPF设置在连接至发动机排气歧管410的排气管道110的上游侧以便过滤颗粒物(PM)，DOC设置在DPF的下游侧并且氧化废气中的碳氢化合物和一氧化碳以及颗粒物中的可溶有机成分(SOF)，从而将它们转化为二氧化碳和水。
此外，在本发明的各个实施例中，冷却流过低压EGR阀130的废气的低压EGR冷却器160设置在低压EGR阀130的下游侧，事故备用过滤器(emergency filter)150设置在低压EGR阀130的下游侧以便过滤低压EGR气体中包含的外来物质。
这里，高压EGR系统200通过高压EGR阀210向高压EGR管道220提供连接至发动机400的排气歧管410的排气管道的废气，高温高压废气通过高压EGR冷却器230，从而被冷却，并且加入到通过进气歧管420被提供至发动机400的进入空气中。
这里，涡轮增压器170设置在排气管道110和进气管道180处，其中涡轮增压器170包括涡轮机171和压缩机172，涡轮机171使用流过排气管道110的热/高压废气来产生转动能量，压缩机172连接至涡轮机171以便压缩连接至发动机400的进气管道的进入空气，从而将进入空气提供至发动机400。
在进气管道180中流动的再循环废气和进入空气的混合物通过中冷器300从而被冷却，并通过进气歧管420被提供至发动机400。
此外，在本发明的各个实施例中，压力传感器121设置在低压EGR阀的上游侧，压力传感器122、123和124设置在低压EGR阀的下游侧，下游侧压力传感器包括低压EGR阀130的中间下游侧压力传感器122和低压EGR冷却器160的上游侧压力传感器123和/或低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧压力传感器124。但是，用于通过低压EGR冷却器160的下游和上游之间的压力差来测量或计算通过低压EGR冷却器160的废气的流量的压力传感器的位置可以变化。
第一压力传感器121设置在催化剂120和低压EGR阀130之间，第二压力传感器122、123和124设置在低压EGR阀130的直接下游侧(immediate downstream side)和图1中的低压EGR冷却器160的上游侧和下游侧之一。换言之，第一压力传感器121和第二压力传感器122、123和124之一用于计算低压EGR阀130的下游和上游之间的压力差。
在本发明的各个实施例中，使用设置在低压EGR冷却器160的上游侧和下游侧的压力传感器121、122、123、124测量的压力差和通过低压EGR冷却器160的废气的质量流量来计算低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的温度。
此外，比较低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的模型温度与其测量温度，以便诊断低压EGR冷却器160的效率，从而防止废气的冷却效率的降低。
更特别地，根据本发明的各个实施例，可以诊断低压EGR冷却器160的效率，其中通过压力传感器测量低压EGR阀130的下游和上游之间的压力差，使用测量的压力差计算通过低压EGR冷却器160的废气的质量流量，以及使用计算的质量流量计算低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的模型温度。
下面，参考图2描述用于诊断低压EGR冷却器160的效率的方法。
如图2所示，在S10，测量发动机的速度和负载以便计算低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的模型温度。
在S20，根据测量的发动机的速度和负载设置低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的模型温度与测量温度之差的阈值，在S30，通过低压EGR系统100的模型计算低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的温度。
在S40，比较低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的计算的模型温度与低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的测量温度，确定模型温度与测量温度之差是否大于阈值。如果模型温度与测量温度之差小于阈值，在S70，确定低压EGR系统100正在正常操作。但是，如果模型温度与测量温度之差大于预定的阈值，在S50，允许该条件继续预定的时间。这是因为由于噪声等原因系统可能暂时发生故障。这被称为去抖动(debounce)时间。
随着时间的推移，当通过模型温度与测量温度之间的差值连续检测到错误时，在S60，点亮事故备用灯以给出警告，以及停止低压EGR系统100。
下面将描述低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的模型温度的计算方法。
低压EGR阀130中的流动模型可以采用理想喷管流量模型(ideal nozzle flowrate model)，该模型假设废气是理想气体以及流动是等熵的。可以根据如下的Bernoulli方程来计算流量。
方程(1)
在方程(1)中，P1是低压EGR阀130的上游侧的压力，P2是低压EGR管道140的下游侧的压力，ρ是废气的密度，V1是低压EGR阀130的上游侧的流速，V2是低压EGR阀130的下游侧的流速。
但是，由于实际喷管流动不是理想的流动，必须对其进行补偿，为此在模型中引入有效流动面积。
更特别地，根据如下的节流阀方程计算通过低压EGR冷却器160的废气的质量流量。
方程(2)
在方程(2)中，是低压EGR管道140中流动的废气的质量流量，ρexh是其密度，Qexh是体积流量，C是系数，AFlap是低压EGR阀130的横截面，ΔP是低压EGR阀130的上游和下游之间的压力差，阀位置是低压EGR阀130的开度。
从方程(2)中可以看出，使用低压EGR阀130的前后之间的压力差和阀开度来计算通过低压EGR管道140的废气的质量流量。
此外，从通过低压EGR冷却器160的废气的质量流量、冷却剂温度和低压EGR冷却器160的效率模型中的低压EGR冷却器160的入口中的废气的温度的方程计算低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的模型温度，其中假设在低压EGR冷却器160模型中通过低压EGR冷却器160没有压力降低，以及热通过对流被传递。
在此，低压EGR冷却器160的效率方程如下：
方程(3)Tout＝Tin-η(Tin-Tcoolant)
在方程(3)中，Tout是低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的模型温度，Tin是低压EGR冷却器160的上游侧的废气温度，η是低压EGR冷却器160的效率，以及Tcoolant是流入或流出低压EGR冷却器160的冷却剂温度。
低压EGR冷却器160的效率方程可以表达如下。
方程(4)
在方程(4)中，如果通过低压EGR冷却器160的废气的质量流量、低压EGR冷却器160的冷却剂温度、以及低压EGR冷却器160的入口部分的废气温度是已知的，那么可以计算低压EGR冷却器160的效率。
方程(4)中的效率被替换到方程(3)中，从而计算低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的模型温度。
比较低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的计算的模型温度与低压EGR冷却器160的下游侧的测量温度，以便诊断低压EGR冷却器160的效率。
在此，如果模型温度大于测量温度并且其差大于阈值，那么可以确定低压EGR冷却器160的效率异常。如果模型温度与测量温度之差小于预定的阈值，那么可知低压EGR系统100正在正常操作。但是如果该差大于预定的阈值并且错误条件继续去抖动时间，那么可知低压EGR系统100操作异常。在这种情况下，控制部500点亮警告灯以通知操作者存在事故条件，从而操作者可以停止系统。
为了便于在所附权利要求中解释和精确定义，术语上游或下游等等用于参考在图中所示的示例性实施方案的特征的位置来对这些特征进行描述。
以上出于说明和描述的目的呈现了本发明的特定示例性实施例。但是其并非穷尽性的，或者要把本发明限制于所公开的精确形式，显然，在上述教导的启示下可以进行许多修改和变化。示例性实施例的选择和描述是为了解释本发明的特定原理和它们的实际应用，从而使本领域的其他技术人员获得并利用本发明的各个示例性实施例和它们的各种替换和修改。本发明的范围由所附的权利要求及其等效形式限定。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于废气再循环系统的低压废气再循环冷却器效率诊断方法，所述方法包括：
测量发动机的速度和负载；
根据所述发动机的速度和负载设置所述低压废气再循环冷却器的下游的模型温度与检测温度之差的阈值；
测量废气再循环阀的上游侧和下游侧之间的压力差；
根据测量的压力差计算通过所述低压废气再循环冷却器的废气的质量流量；
根据计算的质量流量计算所述低压废气再循环冷却器的效率；
根据计算的效率计算所述低压废气再循环冷却器的下游的所述模型温度；以及
比较所述低压废气再循环冷却器的下游的所述模型温度与所述低压废气再循环冷却器的下游的所述检测温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于废气再循环系统的低压废气再循环冷却器效率诊断方法，其中使用低压废气再循环阀模型计算通过所述低压废气再循环冷却器的废气的质量流量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于废气再循环系统的低压废气再循环冷却器效率诊断方法，其中根据通过所述低压废气再循环冷却器的废气的质量流量、冷却剂温度、以及所述低压废气再循环冷却器的入口处的废气温度计算所述低压废气再循环冷却器的效率。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于废气再循环系统的低压废气再循环冷却器效率诊断方法，其中使用低压废气再循环冷却器效率模型计算所述低压废气再循环冷却器的下游的温度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于废气再循环系统的低压废气再循环冷却器效率诊断方法，其中如果所述模型温度与检测温度之差大于预定的阈值，则执行去抖动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于废气再循环系统的低压废气再循环冷却器效率诊断方法，其中如果在执行去抖动时连续产生错误，则停止所述低压废气再循环系统。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于废气再循环系统的低压废气再循环冷却器效率诊断方法，进一步包括当所述低压废气再循环系统停止时通过警告灯发送警报。
8.一种低压废气再循环系统，包括进气管道、排气管道、低压废气再循环管道、低压废气再循环阀和低压废气再循环冷却器，其中进入空气通过所述进气管道被供给至发动机，发动机的废气通过所述排气管道，所述低压废气再循环管道从所述排气管道分叉并且连接至所述进气管道，所述低压废气再循环阀设置在所述低压废气再循环管道上，所述低压废气再循环冷却器冷却流过所述低压废气再循环阀的废气，所述系统包括：
压力传感器，所述压力传感器设置在所述低压废气再循环阀的下游侧和上游侧；
温度传感器，所述温度传感器设置在所述低压废气再循环冷却器的下游侧；
控制部，所述控制部使用通过所述压力传感器测量的压力差来计算通过所述低压废气再循环管道的废气的质量流量，以及使用计算的质量流量来计算所述低压废气再循环冷却器的下游侧的温度，其中比较所述低压废气再循环冷却器的下游的模型温度与所述低压废气再循环冷却器的下游的检测温度；
其中，所述控制部根据发动机的速度和负载设置低压废气再循环系统冷却器的下游侧的模型温度与测量温度之差的阈值，通过使用压力传感器测量低压废气再循环系统阀的上游侧和下游侧之间的压力差，计算通过低压废气再循环系统冷却器的废气的质量流量，基于测量的压力差计算基于计算的质量流量的低压废气再循环系统冷却器的效率，基于计算的效率来计算低压废气再循环系统冷却器下游的模型温度，并且，比较低压废气再循环系统冷却器下游的模型温度与低压废气再循环系统冷却器下游的测量温度，从而诊断低压废气再循环系统冷却器的效率。
9.根据权利要求8所述的低压废气再循环系统，其中所述压力传感器设置在所述低压废气再循环阀的上游侧和下游侧和/或所述低压废气再循环冷却器的上游侧和下游侧。
10.根据权利要求8所述的低压废气再循环系统，其中事故备用过滤器设置在所述低压废气再循环冷却器的上游侧。
11.根据权利要求8所述的低压废气再循环系统，其中在所述低压废气再循环管道的上游侧设置催化剂。
12.根据权利要求11所述的低压废气再循环系统，其中所述催化剂包括柴油机过滤器催化剂和柴油机氧化催化剂。
13.根据权利要求8所述的低压废气再循环系统，其中点亮警告灯从而为所述低压废气再循环系统的事故条件发送警报。
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