CN102822461A - 后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制方法以及装置 - Google Patents

后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制方法以及装置 Download PDF

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CN102822461A
CN102822461A CN2011800186999A CN201180018699A CN102822461A CN 102822461 A CN102822461 A CN 102822461A CN 2011800186999 A CN2011800186999 A CN 2011800186999A CN 201180018699 A CN201180018699 A CN 201180018699A CN 102822461 A CN102822461 A CN 102822461A
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temperature
exhaust gas
burner
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purification material
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村松俊克
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Hino Motors Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D46/00Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/42Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
    • B01D46/4263Means for active heating or cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F01N3/0256Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases the fuel being ignited by electrical means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/14Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel burner
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

Abstract

本发明涉及在安装于排气管11中间的颗粒过滤器12(排气净化材料)的上游设置燃烧器14,利用该燃烧器14的燃烧将颗粒过滤器12升温的后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制方法,在引燃燃烧器14,将颗粒过滤器12升温至目标温度时,进行燃烧器14的燃料喷射控制,使该颗粒过滤器12的升温速度保持相对快速至接近目标温度之前,并且在接近目标温度的时候阶段性地减缓。

Description

后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制方法以及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制方法以及装置。
背景技术
一直以来,在柴油发动机中,在排气气体流通的排气管的中途安装颗粒过滤器,通过该颗粒过滤器捕集排气气体中所含的颗粒物(Particulate Matter:粒子状物质),然而,由于在一般的柴油发动机的运转状态中,获得颗粒物自身燃烧程度的高的排气温度的机会少,所以使以Pt或Pd等为活性物质的氧化催化剂一体地担载于颗粒过滤器上。
即,如果采用担载有这样的氧化催化剂的颗粒过滤器,捕集的颗粒物的氧化反应得到促进,引燃温度降低,即使在现有的低的排气温度下也能够燃烧除去颗粒物。
但是,即使在采用这样的颗粒过滤器的情况下,在排气温度低的运转范围,颗粒物的捕集量也比处理量高,因此如果持续在这样低的排气温度下的运转状态,则颗粒过滤器的再生无法良好地进行,该颗粒过滤器有可能陷入过度捕集状态。
因此,考虑在颗粒过滤器的前段附带安装流通型氧化催化剂,在颗粒物的堆积量增加的阶段,通过所述氧化催化剂向上游的排气气体中添加燃料,使颗粒过滤器强制再生。
即,如果通过氧化催化剂向上游的排气气体中添加燃料,因为该添加燃料(HC)在通过前段的氧化催化剂期间进行氧化反应,通过由其反应热而升温的排气气体的流入,紧接着的颗粒过滤器的催化剂床温度上升,颗粒物燃尽,实现颗粒过滤器的再生。
但是,在只行驶于拥塞路的市区路线巴士等之类的排气温度低的运转状态长时间持续的运行方式的车辆中,由于难以升温至前段的氧化催化剂能够发挥充分的催化活性的催化剂床温度,该氧化催化剂中的添加燃料的氧化反应活跃不起来,因此存在颗粒过滤器在短时间内不能效率良好地再生的问题。
因此,近年来,研究了在颗粒过滤器的输入侧设置燃烧器,不管车辆的运转状态如何,均利用所述燃烧器的燃烧烧掉已捕集的颗粒物,在短时间内使颗粒过滤器效率良好地再生。
需要说明,作为与该种使用燃烧器加热排气净化催化剂或排气气体的技术关联的现有技术文献信息,有下述专利文献1和专利文献2。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平5-86845号公报
专利文献2:日本特开平6-167212号公报。
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
然而,在以往,如图1中图表所示,由于颗粒过滤器的温度由燃烧器的引燃起上升至目标温度的升温速度固定,因此,如果要使颗粒过滤器的温度快速达到目标温度而提高升温速度,则如图2中图表所示,在目标温度附近,颗粒过滤器的温度过冲(overshoot, オーバーシュート),达到超过目标温度的过度加热状态,有可能引起堆积于颗粒过滤器的颗粒物异常燃烧。
本发明是鉴于上述实际情况而完成的,目的在于防止颗粒过滤器等排气净化材料超过目标温度而过度地加热,同时尽可能地缩短升温时间。
解决课题的手段
本发明为在安装于排气管中间的排气净化材料的上游设置燃烧器,利用该燃烧器的燃烧将排气净化材料升温的后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制方法,其特征在于,在引燃燃烧器,将排气净化材料升温至目标温度时,进行燃烧器的燃料喷射控制,使该排气净化材料的升温速度保持相对快速至接近目标温度之前,并且在接近目标温度的时候阶段性地减缓。
于是,如果这样做,则因为进行燃烧器的燃料喷射控制,使排气净化材料的升温速度保持相对快速至接近目标温度之前,所以能够实现从引燃燃烧器起的至少初期中升温时间的大幅缩短,并且,因为进行燃烧器的燃料喷射控制,使得在接近目标温度的时候阶段性地减缓,所以排气净化材料的温度不过冲而止于目标温度。
另外,本发明为在安装于排气管中间的排气净化材料的上游设置燃烧器,利用该燃烧器的燃烧将排气净化材料升温的后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制装置,其特征在于,该燃烧升温控制装置具备:检测排气净化材料的温度的温度检测装置,和基于来自该温度检测装置的检测信号,在监视所述排气净化材料的温度的同时,在必要时引燃燃烧器,将排气净化材料升温至目标温度的控制装置主体;该控制装置主体被构成为能够进行燃烧器的燃料喷射控制,使排气净化材料的升温速度保持相对快速至接近目标温度之前,并且在接近目标温度的时候阶段性地减缓。
发明效果
根据上述本发明的后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制方法以及装置,通过进行燃烧器的燃料喷射控制,使排气净化材料的升温速度保持相对快速至接近目标温度之前,能够实现从引燃燃烧器起的至少初期中升温时间的大幅缩短,并且,通过进行燃烧器的燃料喷射控制,在接近目标温度的时候阶段性地减缓,能够使排气净化材料的温度不过冲而止于目标温度,因此能够得到以下优异效果:可以防止排气净化材料超过目标温度而过度地加热,并且可以尽可能缩短升温时间。
附图说明
[图1]是示出以往的升温速度与时间的关系的图表。
[图2]是示出以往的温度与时间的关系的图表。
[图3]是示出本发明的一个实施例的示意图。
[图4]是示出本实施例中的升温速度与时间的关系的图表。
[图5]是示出本实施例中的温度与时间的关系的图表。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图说明本发明的实施方式。
图3~图5示出本发明的一个实施例,在图3中的符号1表示安装有涡轮增压器2的柴油发动机,从空气净化器3导入的进气4通过进气管5送入所述涡轮增压器2的压缩机2a,由该压缩机2a加压的进气4被送至中间冷却器6进行冷却,从该中间冷却器6进一步将进气4导入进气歧管7,分配至柴油发动机1的各汽缸8(在图3中例示为串联的6个汽缸的情况),并且,从所述柴油发动机1的各汽缸8排出的排气气体9,经由排气歧管10送至涡轮增压器2的涡轮2b,在驱动该涡轮2b之后送出到排气管11。
而且,一体地担载氧化催化剂的颗粒过滤器12(排气净化材料)用消音器13包围,安装在所述排气管11的中间,同时,在该颗粒过滤器12的前段安装能够喷射适量燃料、使其引燃燃烧的燃烧器14,该燃烧器14如下构成:具有在此没有图示的喷射适量燃料的燃料喷射喷嘴,以及用于引燃从该喷射口喷射的燃料的火花塞。
在此,对所述燃烧器14,连接从涡轮增压器2的压缩机2a的下游分支的燃烧用空气供给管15,可以通过该燃烧用空气供给管15抽出由所述压缩机2a增压的进气4的一部分,作为燃烧用空气导入。
另外,在所述消音器13中安装检测颗粒过滤器12的温度的温度传感器16(温度检测装置),将通过该温度传感器16检测的颗粒过滤器12的温度作为检测信号16a输入控制装置主体17。
需要说明,在图3所图示的示例中图示了通过温度传感器16直接检测颗粒过滤器12的温度,然而,还可以采用检测颗粒过滤器12最接近入口侧的温度,或者检测颗粒过滤器12的输入侧排气温度与输出侧排气温度两个温度,来推定颗粒过滤器12的温度的检测方式。
进而,在所述控制装置主体17中,根据来自所述温度传感器16的检测信号16a,监视所述颗粒过滤器12的温度,同时在必要时利用控制信号14a引燃燃烧器14,使所述颗粒过滤器12升温至目标温度。
另外,关于所述控制装置主体17,将来自检测油门开度作为柴油发动机1的负荷的油门传感器18(负荷传感器)的负荷信号18a以及来自检测柴油发动机1的机构旋转数的旋转传感器19的旋转数信号19a输入控制装置主体17,基于根据这些负荷信号18a以及旋转数信号19a判断的柴油发动机1的目前运转状态,推定颗粒物的基本产生量,对该基本产生量乘以考虑了颗粒物的产生所相关的各种条件的补正系数,并且减去目前运转状态中颗粒物的处理量,求出最终产生量,还随时累计该最终产生量来推定颗粒物的堆积量。
但是,对这样的推定颗粒物的堆积量的方法有各种的观点,当然也可以使用此处例示的推定方法以外的手法来推定颗粒物的堆积量,可以根据颗粒过滤器12前后的压差来推定颗粒物的堆积量,还可以以运转时间或行驶距离为基准来推定颗粒物的堆积量。
然后,在推定颗粒物的堆积量达到规定量的时候,输出所述控制信号14a,引燃燃烧器14,使颗粒过滤器12升温至目标温度,此时按照图4中图表所示,对燃烧器14的燃料喷射进行控制,使颗粒过滤器12的升温速度保持相对快速至接近目标温度之前,并且在接近目标温度的时候阶段性地减缓。
特别是在图4的图表所示的示例中,完成限制燃烧器14的燃料喷射量的控制,使得在颗粒过滤器12的温度接近目标温度的时候升温速度减缓,不过,除了这样以两阶段控制升温速度之外,当然还可以以三阶段以上来控制升温速度。
然后,如果这样构成后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制装置,则通过进行燃烧器14的燃料喷射控制,使颗粒过滤器12的升温速度保持相对快速至接近目标温度之前,能够在从引燃燃烧器14起的至少初期中实现升温时间的大幅缩短,并且,通过进行燃烧器14的燃料喷射控制,使得在接近目标温度的时候阶段性地减缓,能够使颗粒过滤器12的温度不过冲而止于目标温度,所以能够防止颗粒过滤器12超过目标温度而过度地加热、引起堆积在该颗粒过滤器12中的颗粒物异常燃烧的可能,同时,能够尽可能缩短从燃烧器14的引燃起至颗粒过滤器12升温至目标温度为止的升温时间。
需要说明,本发明的后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制方法以及装置并不限定于上述实施例,在上述的实施例的相关说明中,针对排气净化材料为颗粒过滤器的情况进行了说明,不过,本发明的后处理燃烧器系统也同样能够适用于将选择还原性催化剂或NOx吸收还原催化剂等之类的各种排气净化催化剂作为排气净化材料的情况,其中,所述选择还原性催化剂具有在氧气共存下也选择性地使NOx与还原剂反应的性质,所述NOx吸收还原催化剂具有在排气空燃比稀(lean)时氧化排气气体中的NOx,以硝酸盐的状态暂时吸收,并且在排气气体中的O2浓度降低时通过未燃的HC或CO等的介入而分解放出NOx,进行还原净化的性质;即,当然也同样能够适用于为了使这些排气净化催化剂在冷时升温至活性温度区域而使用燃烧器系统的方式的后处理燃烧器系统;在应用于这样的后处理燃烧器系统的情况下,能够防止排气净化催化剂超过目标温度而过度地加热,所以能够回避该排气净化催化剂的热劣化等。
符号说明
11  排气管
12  颗粒过滤器(排气净化材料)
14  燃烧器
16  温度传感器(温度检测装置)
17  控制装置主体。

Claims (2)

1. 后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制方法,该方法是在安装于排气管中间的排气净化材料的上游设置燃烧器,利用该燃烧器的燃烧使排气净化材料升温的后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制方法,其中,在引燃燃烧器,将排气净化材料升温至目标温度时,进行燃烧器的燃料喷射控制,使该排气净化材料的升温速度保持相对快速至接近目标温度之前,并且在接近目标温度的时候阶段性地减缓。
2. 后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制装置,该燃烧升温控制装置是在安装于排气管中间的排气净化材料的上游设置燃烧器,利用该燃烧器的燃烧将排气净化材料升温的后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制装置,其中,该后处理燃烧器系统的燃烧升温控制装置具备:
检测排气净化材料的温度的温度检测装置,和
控制装置主体,该控制装置主体基于来自该温度检测装置的检测信号,在监视所述排气净化材料的温度的同时,在必要时引燃燃烧器,将排气净化材料升温至目标温度;
该控制装置主体被构成为能够进行燃烧器的燃料喷射控制,使排气净化材料的升温速度保持相对快速至接近目标温度之前,并且在接近目标温度的时候阶段性地减缓。
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