CN102805746B - 一种作用于呼吸系统疾病的复方化学药及其制备工艺与应用 - Google Patents

一种作用于呼吸系统疾病的复方化学药及其制备工艺与应用 Download PDF

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CN102805746B
CN102805746B CN201110146717.3A CN201110146717A CN102805746B CN 102805746 B CN102805746 B CN 102805746B CN 201110146717 A CN201110146717 A CN 201110146717A CN 102805746 B CN102805746 B CN 102805746B
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levodropropizine
carbocisteine
respiratory system
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朱志宏
卜振军
杨静
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Hunan Jiudian Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于呼吸系统疾病的药物组合物及其制备工艺,尤其涉及由以左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦为有效成份与药物可接受的辅料组成的药物组合物及其制备工艺与应用。本发明药物组合物与目前市场上常用的镇咳药或祛痰药相比而言,镇咳效果更明显,不良反应更少,具有一定的社会效益与经济效益。

Description

一种作用于呼吸系统疾病的复方化学药及其制备工艺与应用
发明领域
本发明属化学药品领域,涉及一种镇咳祛痰的药物组合物及其制备工艺与应用,尤其涉及以左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦为有效成份的药物组合物。
背景技术
随着现代工业的发展,空气污染日益严重,呼吸系统疾病的发病率日益上升,其主要临床症状是咳、痰、喘,故对于呼吸系统疾病的治疗方法也需对因治疗和对症治疗。轻度而不频繁的咳嗽,只要能将痰液或异物排出,就可以自然缓解,无须用药。然而过于频繁的剧咳,若不加以治疗,将会严重影响着人们的生活、工作和休息,不仅增加患者的痛苦,影响休息和睡眠,增加体力消耗,甚至极有可能诱发其他潜存性疾病的发作和发展,如肺炎、慢性咽炎、慢性支气管炎、支气管扩张、肺脓肿与空洞型肺结核等。此时除针对呼吸系统疾病对症下药治疗外,还需适当应用镇咳祛痰药,以缓解咳嗽。
目前常用的镇咳药多为中枢性镇咳药,如可待因、右美沙芬及喷托维林等,祛痰药有氯化铵、愈创木酚甘油醚等。其中氢溴酸右美沙芬为麻醉性镇痛剂左啡诺的同类药,是通过抑制脊髓咳嗽中枢或有关的更高的中枢来抑制咳嗽反射,即该药直接作用于中枢神经,目前虽无成瘾性或耐药性的相关报道,但其副作用较多,可能发生恶心、呕吐、便秘、镇咳和镇痛作用的药物耐受性以及成瘾性。2005年5月FDA发布了美国有5名儿童因为过度服用含有“右美沙芬”的胶囊而导致死亡。紧接着,我国食品药品监督管理局发布提醒,不要过剂量使用右美沙芬。至此,含有右美沙芬的复方制剂面临窘境,临床试验证明,较理想的镇咳药应降低肺内感觉神经的敏感性,阻断有髓鞘或无髓鞘神经内的感觉神经传导(如局麻药物),但局麻药物有抑制肺防御反射和诱发支气管收缩等副作用。
而左羟丙哌嗪是一种手性外周性镇咳药物,最早由意大利的Dompe公司(商品名levotuss)和Mediolanum公司(商品名Danka)开发,1988年10月在意大利上市。研究证实,左羟丙哌嗪能明显减少传入迷走C-fibres对化学刺激的反应,具有外周作用机制,部分抑制组胺作用和促神经肽释放的作用。由于左羟丙哌嗪具有选择性好、镇咳作用强,对中枢系统几乎没有影响,无嗜睡、呼吸抑制、依赖性等副作用,对心血管和呼吸系统不产生任何明显作用等优点,故我们在本发明中选用左羟丙哌嗪为药物组合物的镇咳药。
羧甲司坦是痰液溶解剂,口服后直接作用于支气管腺体,促使粘液分泌细胞的溶酶体释出,使痰中的粘的糖纤维分化裂解;还可抑制粘液腺和杯状细胞中酸性糖蛋白的合成,使之分泌粘滞性较低的小分子糖蛋白,从而使痰液的粘稠度降低,易于咳出。故将左羟丙哌嗪与羧甲司坦作为复方制剂的有效成分组合在一起,对呼吸系统疾病的患者来说,既起到镇咳祛痰的效果,同时不良反应更少,安全性更高,故本发明将给患者带来一定的福音,具有一定的社会意义和经济意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在提供一种由左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦组成的用于治疗呼吸系统疾病的镇咳祛痰药物组合物。
本发明的目的是通过下述方式实现的:
本发明药物组合物有效药用成份为镇咳药左羟丙哌嗪和粘痰溶解剂羧甲司坦。两者按以下重量比配制而成:左羟丙哌嗪1~10份和羧甲司坦15~45份。
所述的有效成份左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦还可按以下重量比配制而成:左羟丙哌嗪3~8份和羧甲司坦20~40份。
所述的有效成份左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦还可按以下重量比配制而成:左羟丙哌嗪4~7份和羧甲司坦25~37.5份。
所述的有效成份左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦按以下重量比配制最佳:所述的有效成份左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦按以下重量比配制而成:左羟丙哌嗪6份和羧甲司坦25份;或者左羟丙哌嗪6份和羧甲司坦37.5份。
本发明的另一目的旨在提供一种镇咳祛痰药物组合物的制备方法。将所述的有效成份通过适宜的药物制剂的制备手段与药物可接受的任何辅料制成的速释、缓释或普通的药物制剂。
本发明所述的有效成份与药物可接受的任何辅料制成的药物制剂可以是任何一种药剂学上所述的口服制剂。
所述的口服制剂可以是片剂、胶囊剂或口服液等。
本发明口服片剂的制备方法如下:
A、按照上述各自重量比分别称取左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦;
B、将称取的左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦分别过筛,再按等量递加法将二者混匀;
C、称取适量辅料包括羟丙甲基纤维素(k15m)及羟丙甲基纤维素(k100)、硬脂酸镁和微晶纤维素;
D、将羟丙甲基纤维素(k15m)及羟丙甲基纤维素(k100)混匀后与微晶纤维素混合,再加入B步所得混合物混匀,过筛制粒,干燥,整粒,加入已称取的硬脂酸镁,混合均匀后压片,即得本发明组合物片剂。
本发明所述的镇咳祛痰药物组合物,口服日剂量为左羟丙哌嗪60~200mg和羧甲司坦0.5~1.5g,一日1~3次。
本发明药物组合物药效学试验:
1、镇咳作用的研究
试验用药:
受试药:本发明人自制的左羟丙哌嗪与羧甲司坦药物组合物片剂
阳性对照药:左羟丙哌嗪片、羧甲司坦片
试验方法:
取体质量300±25g豚鼠150只,雌雄各半,均匀分为15组,每组10只。本发明片剂给药组为高、中、低剂量组,分别口服给药;阳性对照药左羟丙哌嗪片组也分为高、中、低剂量组。每一个剂量组又分为2组,分别为给药后第1小时或第4小时引咳组。各组剂量及试验结果见下表1-2:
表1、本发明组合物药后1小时对豚鼠镇咳作用
表2、本发明组合物药后4小时对豚鼠镇咳作用
以上结果表明本发明片及左羟丙哌嗪各组对延长咳嗽潜伏期时间和减少治疗咳嗽次数均有效,同剂量的情况下,本发明片效果明显优于左羟丙哌嗪片;本发明片低剂量组与左羟丙哌嗪片高剂量组药效相当,且结果具有统计学意义,而羧甲司坦组对延长咳嗽潜伏期时间和减少治疗咳嗽次数效果不明显,故由上述试验结果可知本发明片较左羟丙哌嗪片或羧甲司坦片在延长咳嗽潜伏期及减少治疗咳嗽次数方面疗效更好。
2、临床效果观察试验
在湖南省永顺县人民医院对本发明片剂进行了临床效果观察试验。
对具有急性上呼吸道感染、急性气管支气管炎、社区获得性肺炎以及慢性支气管炎急性发作引起的咳嗽症状的门诊或住院患者300例随机分为治疗组和安慰组,每组100位。按双盲双模拟阳性药平行对照的方法用药,各组分别服用本发明片、对照药物左羟丙哌嗪片和羧甲司坦片。各组均为每天口服3次,每次1片(包括模拟片),疗程均为5天。服药期间停用其他止咳药或祛痰药,记录患者常规指标如:血压、脉率、体温、呼吸等;咳嗽症状;胸透;血尿常规;肝肾功能;不良反应记录及心电图。
疗效判断标准为临床控制:症状完全消失;显效:咳嗽症状由3分转变为1分;好转:咳嗽症状由3分转变为2分或由2分转变为1分;无效:咳嗽症状无好转或加重。
试验结果见下表:
本发明片剂临床观察疗效表
以上结果表明三组药物治疗咳嗽均是有效的,且本发明片剂疗效较对照药更好。另各组对血尿常规、肝肾功能、甲状腺功能、血压、心率及心电图均无明显影响,不良反应发生率均较低。由此可见本发明药物疗效显著。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
称取左羟丙哌嗪60g,羧甲司坦250g,按以下方法制备成普通口服片剂:
称取淀粉400g、微晶纤维素20g、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮10g、滑石粉5g和阿斯巴甜20g,将原辅料分别粉碎、过筛,备用。将淀粉溶于水并加入左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦研磨成糊状,烘干,粉碎,过筛;再加入其他的辅料细粉混匀,加入适量明胶浆,制粒,烘烤,整粒,压片,制备成本发明片剂1000片。
实施例2:
称取左羟丙哌嗪100g,羧甲司坦150g,按以下方法制备成口服液:
将左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦分别粉碎、过筛后混合均匀,将两者的混合物加乙醇搅拌、溶解,溶于约500ml纯化水中,过滤,用8%稀氨溶液调节其pH至8~9,再加入适量的蔗糖、山梨酸和尼泊金甲酯,并加水至1000ml,即得本发明药物组合物口服液1000ml。
实施例3:
称取左羟丙哌嗪10g、羧甲司坦200g适量,按以下方法制备成胶囊:
称取淀粉50g、微粉硅胶10g、硬脂酸镁5g、预胶化淀粉10g和低取代羟甲基纤维素10g,将左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦分别粉碎、过筛后混合均匀,将淀粉溶于水并加入左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦研磨成糊状,烘干,粉碎,过筛;再加入其他的辅料细粉混匀,加入适量明胶浆,制粒,烘烤,整粒,灌装明胶胶囊,即得本发明药物组合物胶囊剂1000粒。
实施例4:
称取左羟丙哌嗪30g、羧甲司坦400g适量,按实施例3的方法制备得本发明药物胶囊剂1000粒。
实施例5:
称取左羟丙哌嗪60g、羧甲司坦375g适量,按实施例3的方法制备得本发明药物胶囊剂1000粒。
实施例6:
称取左羟丙哌嗪80g、羧甲司坦450g适量,按实施例3的方法制备得本发明药物胶囊剂1000粒。
实施例7:
称取左羟丙哌嗪40g、羧甲司坦400g适量,按实施例3的方法制备得本发明药物胶囊剂1000粒。
实施例8:
称取左羟丙哌嗪70g、羧甲司坦450g适量,按实施例3的方法制备得本发明药物胶囊剂1000粒。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于呼吸系统疾病的药物组合物,其特征在于:由以左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦为有效成分与药物可接受的辅料组成,其中左羟丙哌嗪和羧甲司坦按以下重量比配制而成:左羟丙哌嗪6份和羧甲司坦25份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于呼吸系统疾病的药物组合物,是由所述的有效成分与药物可接受的任何辅料制成的速释、缓释或普通药物制剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于呼吸系统疾病的药物组合物,所述的药物制剂是口服制剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于呼吸系统疾病的药物组合物,所述的口服制剂是片剂、胶囊剂、口服液。
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