CN102802920A - 超声波发生器 - Google Patents

超声波发生器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102802920A
CN102802920A CN2011800152333A CN201180015233A CN102802920A CN 102802920 A CN102802920 A CN 102802920A CN 2011800152333 A CN2011800152333 A CN 2011800152333A CN 201180015233 A CN201180015233 A CN 201180015233A CN 102802920 A CN102802920 A CN 102802920A
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supersonic generator
head
edge
slit
sealing
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CN102802920B (zh
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U.弗格勒
F.焦尔达诺
S.曼钦
A.梅兰德里
M.拉贝
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/26—Devices specially adapted for producing transverse or longitudinal seams in webs or tubes
    • B65B51/30—Devices, e.g. jaws, for applying pressure and heat, e.g. for subdividing filled tubes
    • B65B51/306—Counter-rotating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/745—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool
    • B29C65/7451—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool the severing tool and the welding tool being movable with respect to one-another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
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    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8167—Quick change joining tools or surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/849—Packaging machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/22—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding
    • B65B51/225—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding by ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
    • B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
    • B65B9/20—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles
    • B65B9/207—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles the web advancing continuously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2705/02—Aluminium
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    • B29L2031/7162—Boxes, cartons, cases
    • B29L2031/7166—Cartons of the fruit juice or milk type, i.e. containers of polygonal cross sections formed by folding blanks into a tubular body with end-closing or contents-supporting elements, e.g. gable type containers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Package Closures (AREA)

Abstract

一种超声波发生器(1)包括：头部(15)，其限定沿第一方向(A)伸长的密封表面(14)；以及彼此不同的第一和第二驱动单元(12)，其各自包括至少一个压电元件(13)；其中，第一和第二驱动单元(12)可由唯一的发电机馈电，以便造成头部(15)的振荡；头部(15)沿横向于密封表面(14)的第二方向(B)测量的高度(H)基本上等于在第二方向(B)的方向上振荡的波的波长的一半；超声波发生器(1)还包括：至少一个狭槽(23)，其横向于第一和第二方向(A,B)延伸通过头部(15)；至少有限数量的节点(20)，在节点(20)处头部(15)的振荡的振幅基本上等于零；以及平面(P)，节点(20)中的至少一些位于平面(P)上，并且平面(P)将头部(15)分成第一部分(21)和第二部分(22)；狭槽(23)距平面(P)一定距离。

Description

超声波发生器
技术领域
本发明涉及超声波发生器。
背景技术
许多可倾倒的食品如果汁、巴氏杀菌或UHT(超高温处理)牛奶、葡萄酒、番茄酱等都在由消毒过的包装材料制成的包装中出售。
这种类型的包装的典型例子是被称为“Tetra Brik Aseptic”(注册商标)的用于液体或可倾倒食品的平行六面体形状的包装，其通过折叠和密封层压的条状包装材料而制成。
包装材料具有多层结构，其基本上包括提供刚度和强度的基底层，该层可包括一层纤维材料如纸或一层充满无机物的聚丙烯材料；以及覆盖基底层的两个侧面的多层热密封塑料，如聚乙烯薄膜。
在用于诸如UHT牛奶的长时间储存产品的无菌包装的情况中，包装材料也包括一层隔绝气体且隔绝光的材料，例如铝箔或乙基乙烯醇(EVOH)，这层材料叠置在一层热密封塑料上，并且进而用另一层热密封塑料覆盖，形成最终接触食品的包装的内面。
如所知道的那样，这种包装在完全自动化的包装机上生产，在该包装机上，由以卷材供料的包装材料形成连续的管；该包装材料的卷材通过例如施加诸如过氧化氢溶液的化学消毒剂而在包装机本身上消毒，该消毒剂在消毒之后例如通过加热蒸发而从包装材料的表面上除去；并且，这样消毒的包装材料卷材保持在封闭的无菌环境中，并且被纵向折叠和密封以形成垂直管。
该管从顶部填充有消毒后或消毒处理过的食品，并且在等间隔的横过部分（cross section））处由两对夹具夹持。更具体而言，两对夹具循环且连续地作用在管上以密封管的包装材料并形成由相应的横向密封带连接到彼此的枕形包装件的连续条。
枕形包装件通过切割相对的密封带而分离，然后被传输到最终折叠工位，在这里以机械方式折叠成最终的平行六面体形状。
在第一备选方案中，包装机包括两个成形组件，其可沿着相应的导向器移动并与管循环地相互作用以热密封管的包装材料。每个成形组件包括：可沿相应的导向器前后移动的滑动件；以及两个夹具，这两个夹具在底部处铰接到相应的滑动件，并在关闭位置和打开位置之间移动，在关闭位置，夹具与管配合以密封管，在打开位置，夹具与管分离。
在第二备选方案中，包装机包括限定相应的环形路径且配有相应数量夹具的两个链条输送机。这两个路径具有基本上面向且平行于彼此的相应的支路，并且在支路之间进给包装材料的管，以使得在一个输送机上的夹具与在另一输送机上的对应夹具沿相应路径的支路配合，以便在多个连续的横过部分处夹持管并密封和切割包装件。
在具有作为阻隔材料的铝层的无菌包装的情况中，管的横过部分通常通过感应铝层中的漏电流以局部熔融热密封塑料来密封。
更具体而言，每对夹具中的一个包括由不导电材料制成的主体和容纳在主体上的型面座（face seat）中的感应器；同时另一个夹具具有由诸如橡胶的柔性材料制成的压力垫。
当相关的一对夹具夹持管时，感应器被激励，以便通过热密封塑性覆盖材料来密封管的横过部分。
在没有铝层或其它导电材料层的包装的情况中，通常使用用于局部向内加热包装材料的热板来密封管的横过部分。
更具体而言，夹具中的一个配有热板，而另一个则通常具有一个或多个柔性材料的压力垫。这种通常称为“热板”密封的方法需要热板和包装材料之间相对持久的接触。
为了加速包装材料的局部熔融并因此增加包装生产速度，越来越多地使用超声密封装置，该装置基本上包括机械振动发生器或超声波发生器和砧，例如从同一申请人名下的EP-B-615907所已知的，该砧装配到每对夹具中的相应夹具并彼此配合以借助于超声波振动来加热包装材料。
更准确地说，EP-B-615907中公开的超声波发生器基本上包括头部和唯一的驱动单元，该驱动单元由一叠交替的压电陶瓷板和导电金属片组成。
头部限定沿第一方向延伸的密封表面，而驱动单元在密封表面的相对侧装配到头部。
驱动单元联接到交流发电机。这样，压电陶瓷板将电源电压转化为机械应变，该应变导致头部的振荡和因此横向密封带的密封。
具体地讲，超声波发生器构成半波谐振器，即，超声波发生器沿垂直于第一方向的第二方向的整个长度为头部的振荡的波长的一半。
EP-B-615907中所描述类型的超声密封装置具有以下缺点。
当需要更长的横向密封带例如用于横向密封特别高的包装时，多个上述超声波发生器互连以用于额外的长度。
然而，在超声波发生器互连期间不可避免的错误有可能在这样的超声波发生器之间产生不均匀的振动。因此，所得到的横向密封带可能是不平坦的。
为了克服这个缺点，同一申请人名下的WO-A-2007/020208公开了一种单件式超声波发生器，其容纳了由单个发电机供电的三个驱动单元。更详细地，驱动单元固定到超声波发生器的相应凹部中，并且具有相应的多个压电元件。
此外，WO-A-2007/020208中公开的超声波发生器包括一对狭槽，其布置在相应的彼此相邻的成对驱动单元之间。
最后，超声波发生器包括多个(特别地三对)S形挂钩以用于将超声波发生器固定到夹具的框架。每对S形挂钩布置在超声波发生器的相对的横向侧表面上，并可焊接或整体成形到超声波发生器。从而防止超声波发生器在S形挂钩处振荡。换句话讲，S形挂钩限定了超声波发生器的相应节点并位于这样的超声波发生器的“所谓”节平面上。
更准确地，狭槽垂直于超声波发生器的密封表面且在后续的两对S形挂钩之间延伸。具体地讲，狭槽同时在S形挂钩的上方和下方延伸。因此，狭槽穿过超声波发生器的节平面。
申请人已经发现，WO-A-2007/020208中公开的超声波发生器的振动由于某些附加的寄生频率而变得不稳定。
相应地，所得到的横向密封带可能仍然是不完全均匀和连续的。此外，这些附加的寄生频率在超声波发生器上造成额外的疲劳应力，结果导致其疲劳剩余寿命减少。
本领域内感到需要获得一种超声波发生器，其能够生成相当长的密封带，并且其振动尽可能少地受到上述附加频率的影响。
本领域内还感到需要尽可能地减少因超声波发生器内的水停滞导致的功率损耗，以便限制随之发生的有效密封时间的减少和因此密封带保持局部未密封的风险。
最后，本领域内感到需要尽可能远地隔离超声波发生器的寄生频率。
EP-A-1241099公开了一种超声密封装置，其包括固定到夹具中的一个的壳体和并排布置且容纳在壳体中的三个不同的超声波发生器。
该密封装置还包括两个梁状中间支撑件，其各自位于彼此相邻的两个超声波发生器的头部之间。
具体地讲，每个超声波发生器的头部内不具有任何狭槽。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种设计用于满足上述需求中的至少一个的超声波发生器。
根据本发明，提供了一种如权利要求1中要求保护的超声波发生器。
附图说明
结合附图将以举例方式描述本发明的优选非限制性实施例，在附图中：
图1是根据本发明的超声波发生器的分解透视图，其中为清楚起见而移除了一些零件；
图2是图1的超声波发生器组装之后的透视图；
图3和图4分别是图1和图2的超声波发生器的头部的前部透视图和后部透视图，其中为清楚起见而移除了一些零件；
图5是沿图3的线V-V截取的剖视图；
图6是图3和图4的超声波发生器的头部的透视图，其上安装有多个压电元件；
图7是图1至4的超声波发生器在包装材料的管的密封阶段期间的示意图；
图8示出了附连到夹具的图1至图7的超声波发生器和夹具；
图9是图2的某些细节的横过部分的放大透视图；
图10示出了已知的超声波发生器随振动频率变化且密封力为恒定值时的阻抗的模量和相位的图线；以及
图11示出了根据本发明的超声波发生器随振动频率变化且密封力为恒定值时的机械阻抗的模量和相位的图线。
具体实施方式
图1中的附图标记1表示作为整体的根据本发明的超声波发生器。
超声波发生器1可结合在包装机(未示出)中，该包装机用于从由已知的装置(未示出)沿垂直路径Q(图7)进给的包装材料的管2来生产可倾倒食品如巴氏灭菌或UHT牛奶、果汁、葡萄酒等的密封包装。
管2通过纵向折叠和密封热密封片状材料的卷材而以已知方式形成，并且从顶部连续填充有消毒后或消毒处理过的食品。
包装机以已知方式包括至少一对成形组件3(图8仅示出一个)，该成形组件与包装材料的管2循环且连续地相互作用以沿着等间距的横过部分夹持、超声密封和切割管2。更具体而言，成形组件3与管2相互作用以首先将管转化为由相应的横向密封带5连接到彼此的包装的垂直条4，然后沿横向密封带5切割管2。
每个成形组件3(此处仅为了更清楚地理解本发明而根据需要进行描述)基本上包括夹具6(图8)和配对夹具，夹具和配对夹具位于管2的相对侧上，其分别支撑机械振动发生器或超声波发生器1和砧9，并且可在与路径P交叉的方向上在开口构型和闭合构型之间移动，在闭合构型中，夹具和配对夹具在相关的横过部分处夹持并密封管2以形成包装条4的相对密封带5。
在包装机的第一备选方案中，成形组件3沿相应的导向器移动并与管2循环地相互作用以热密封管2的包装材料。每个成形组件3包括可沿相应的导向器前后移动的滑动件；以及夹具6和配对夹具，这两个夹具在底部处铰接到相应的滑动件，并在关闭位置和打开位置之间移动，在关闭位置，两夹具与管2配合以密封管2，在打开位置，两夹具与管2分离。
在第二备选方案中，包装机包括限定相应的环形路径且配有相应数量的夹具6和对应的配对夹具的两个链条输送机。这两个路径具有基本上面向且平行于彼此的相应的支路，并且在支路之间进给包装材料的管2，以使得在一个输送机上的夹具6与在另一输送机上的对应的配对夹具沿相应路径的所述支路配合，以便在多个连续的横过部分处夹持管并密封和切割包装件。
超声波发生器1基本上包括(图1至6和9)：
- 单件式头部15，其限定沿方向A延伸的密封表面14；
- 多个(在所示实施例中为三个)驱动单元12，其连接到头部15且各自包括多个层叠的压电元件13(图6)；和
- 壳体30，其容纳头部15。
包装机也包括在使用中与所有驱动单元12电连接的唯一的交流发电机(未示出)。
更详细地，头部15由彼此相对的一对壁16、17和彼此相对且插设于壁16、17之间的一对璧18、19定界。
壁16限定密封表面14。
超声波发生器1构成半波谐振器，即，超声波发生器1沿方向B的整个长度为头部15的振荡的波长的一半。
具体地讲，头部15沿垂直于密封表面14的方向B测量的高度H等于在使用中沿方向B振荡的波的波长的一半(图5)。
结果，压电元件13沿方向B的延伸被包含在头部15沿方向B的延伸内。
这样，如图5所示，头部15的振荡的最大振幅在密封表面14处达到。
头部15包括连续的边缘20，边缘20成形为闭合线并限定头部15的振荡的节点线。
换句话讲，当驱动单元12的压电元件13造成头部15的其余部分振荡时，边缘20的点基本上不振荡。
此外，边缘20的点限定所谓节平面，特别是垂直于方向B的所谓的节平面P。
边缘20基本上包括平行于方向A的两个区段25和垂直于区段25且在其相对端处倒圆至区段25的两个区段26。
此外，平面P将头部15分成第一部分21和第二部分22。
头部15也包括肩部70和肩部71(图9)。边缘20沿方向B插设于肩部70、71之间且从肩部突出。
驱动单元12具有位于平面P上的相应的端部(图1)。
部分21、22分别包括壁16、17。
部分21的厚度开始不变且然后从表面14朝边缘20逐渐增加。
部分21、22还包括相应的成对的狭槽23、27，该狭槽沿方向B伸长并从壁18到壁19穿过头部15。
有利地，狭槽23完全在部分21内延伸，狭槽27完全在部分22内延伸，并且狭槽23、27在到平面P一定距离处延伸。换句话讲，狭槽23、27彼此分离且不与平面P相交。
换句话讲，狭槽23、27在到平面P一定距离处中止。具体地讲，狭槽23在边缘20和密封表面14之间延伸其整个长度。
狭槽27在边缘20关于狭槽23的相对侧上延伸，并且布置在相应的狭槽23沿方向B的延展上。
部分22限定多个用于相应的驱动单元12的座部24，图示实施例中为三个。
头部15沿边缘20连接到壳体30。
壳体30包括(图1和2)：
- 箱形元件31，其容纳头部15的部分22；
- 板32，其与元件31背对密封表面14的一侧配合；
- 板33，其通过密封环41的插入而与板32背对元件31的一侧的一部分配合；
- 连接器35，其用于将压电元件13连接到发电机并与板33背对板32的一侧的另外的部分配合。
元件31在与板32的相对侧上包括端部边缘36。
边缘36为矩形且包括两个平行于方向A的长边37a、37b和两个垂直于边37a、37b且插设于它们之间的短边38a、38b。
如图9所示，元件31也包括凹口34和倒圆至凹口34的肩部72。更准确地，凹口34在肩部72和边缘36的内型面之间延伸。
密封环40沿方向B插设于边缘20和元件31的肩部72之间，并且安装在肩部70和凹口34邻近肩部72的一部分之间。
同样地，密封环42安装在肩部71和凹口34的末端部分73之间。
壳体30还包括：
- 元件45，其限定板46、横杆47、以及多个间隔件48(图示实施例中为四个)，横杆47平行于方向A伸长且从板46向下突出，间隔件48沿方向A隔开且在横杆47的相对侧上从板46突出；
- 板49，其通过多个螺钉装配到元件45；
- 横杆50。
密封环42沿方向B插设于边缘20和横杆50之间。
元件45、板49和横杆50限定容纳头部15的部分21的中空隔室。
横杆47通过多个螺钉51连接到末端边缘36的侧面37a，而横杆50则通过多个螺钉52连接到末端边缘36的侧面37b。
这样，螺钉51、52分别将元件45和横杆50沿末端边缘36的侧面37a、37b连接到元件31。
壳体30通过多个（图示实施例中为四个）螺钉60a、60b、60c、60d连接到夹具6。
更准确地，螺钉60a、60b穿过由横杆50的相对端限定的第一孔和由末端边缘36的侧面37a的相对端限定的第二孔，并且螺纹连接到夹具6。
螺钉60c、60d穿过由横杆47的相对端限定的第三孔和由末端边缘36的侧面37b的相对端限定的第四孔，并且螺纹连接到夹具6。
这样，螺钉60a、60b、60c、60d在侧面38a、38b的相对端处将壳体30连接到夹具6。
参照图7，在图示实施例中，砧9为专利EP-B-615907中所描述和示出的类型，并且基本上由两个单独的顶部61和底部62限定，顶部61和底部62之间限定有用于容纳刀65的座部64。简言之，刀65以滑动方式容纳在砧9的座部64的内部，并且由已知的致动装置(未示出)控制以在横向密封带5处切割管2，并因此使由成形组件3产生且将要折叠成最终形状的包装与条4分离。
下面仅结合一对夹具6和配对夹具描述超声波发生器1的操作，描述从其中夹具6和配对夹具处于闭合构型且在一横过部分处夹持管2的构型开始。
在这样的构型中，超声波发生器1与砧9配合并将管2的横过部分夹持在两者间。
在该阶段，发电机为驱动单元12馈送给定值的交流电，从而造成压电元件13和因此超声波发生器1的超声振动。
超声波发生器1的超声振动导致管2的密封和密封带5的形成。
具体地讲，当超声波发生器1振动时，连续的封闭边缘20不振荡。
事实上，边缘20被布置成抵靠壳体30的元件31的末端边缘36；
- 壳体30的元件31沿末端边缘36的侧面37a、37b连接到元件45和横杆50；并且
-壳体30的末端边缘36连接到夹具6。
换句话讲，边缘20形成超声波发生器1的连续的封闭节点线。
一旦驱动单元12停用，并且在夹具6和配对夹具打开以开始下一成形循环之前，刀65启动并被从砧9中的座部64排出以便沿相对密封带5切割包装材料并因此使随后折叠成最终形状的相关枕形包装件与管2分离。
根据本发明的超声波发生器1的优点将从以上描述显而易见。
具体地讲，狭槽23、27完全在相应的部分21、22内且到由边缘20限定的平面P一定距离处延伸。
申请人已经发现，由于狭槽23、27不穿过由头部15的连续节点线限定的平面P，超声波发生器1的振动基本上没有在本说明书的介绍部分公开的影响超声波发生器的附加寄生频率。更准确地，申请人已经发现，如图10所示，对于与WO- A-2007/020208中所公开的类似的超声波发生器，随频率变化且密封力为恒定值时的阻抗的模量和相位的图线G、Z具有接近谐振频率的相应的低频率拐点I、J和一连串非常接近的最大值和最小值。
拐点I、J与非常接近的最大值和最小值的存在主要是由于被附加的寄生频率激励的附加模式。
不同地，如图11所示，超声波发生器1随频率变化且密封力为恒定值时的阻抗的模量和相位的图线K、L没有低频率拐点和一连串非常接近的最大值和最小值。
这是由于超声波发生器1的振动没有上述附加频率。
因此，即使当它们特别长，由超声波发生器1形成的横向密封带5也特别均匀。这是由于相同的头部15容纳多个压电元件13并且由于平面P不与狭槽23、27相交。
此外，由于狭槽23仅在部分21内延伸，水停滞仅限于部分21，而在部分22中可基本防止。相应地，由水停滞导致的功率损耗大大降低，从而增加了横向密封带5完全密封的可能性。
密封环40、42有效地减少了从头部15向元件31、45和横杆50的振动传递。
最后，申请人已经发现，由于其具有奇数个驱动单元12，超声波发生器1在比具有偶数个驱动单元的已知超声波发生器更大的彼此间距离处显示具有寄生频率。
但显而易见，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可对本文所述超声波发生器1进行更改。
具体地讲，代替边缘20，头部15可包括多个连接到夹具6的冲击元件(attack element)。
在这种情况下，冲击元件限定头部15的相应节点且位于平面P上，同时狭槽23、27与平面P分离。

Claims (13)

1.一种超声波发生器(1)，包括：
- 头部(15)，所述头部(15)限定沿第一方向(A)伸长的密封表面(14)；和
- 至少一个第一和一个第二驱动单元(12)，所述至少一个第一和一个第二驱动单元(12)彼此不同，且各自均包括至少一个压电元件(13)；
其中，所述第一和第二驱动单元(12)在使用中可电连接到唯一的发电机，以便引起所述头部(15)在使用中沿横向于所述密封表面(14)的第二方向(B)的振荡，所述振荡具有给定波长的波；
所述头部(15)沿所述第二方向(B)测量的高度(H)基本上等于所述振荡在所述第二方向(B)的方向上的所述波长的一半；
所述超声波发生器(1)还包括：
- 至少一个第一狭槽(23)，所述至少一个第一狭槽(23)横向于所述第一和第二方向(A, B)延伸通过所述头部(15)；
- 至少有限数量的节点(20)，在使用中，在所述至少有限数量的节点(20)处所述头部(15)的所述振荡的振幅基本上等于零；和
- 平面(P)，所述节点(20)中的至少一些位于所述平面(P)上，并且所述平面(P)将所述头部(15)分成第一部分(21)和第二部分(22)；
其特征在于，所述至少一个第一狭槽(23)仅在所述第一和第二部分(21, 22)中的一个(21)内且在到所述平面(P)的一定距离处完全延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超声波发生器，其特征在于，所述第一部分(21)限定所述密封表面(14)，并且所述第一狭槽(23)在所述第一部分(21)内延伸所述第一狭槽(23)的整个长度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的超声波发生器，其特征在于，所述驱动单元(12)连接到所述第二部分(22)，并且在于包括至少一个第二狭槽(27)，所述至少一个第二狭槽(27)在所述第二部分(22)内延伸所述至少一个第二狭槽(27)的整个长度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的超声波发生器，其特征在于，所述至少一个第二狭槽(27)相对于所述至少一个第一狭槽(23)在平面(P)的相对侧上延伸，并且沿所述第二方向(B)在所述至少一个第一狭槽(23)的延展上。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的超声波发生器，其特征在于，所述头部(15)包括连续的第一边缘(20)，所述第一边缘(20)限定无限数量的所述节点(20)且位于所述平面(P)上；所述至少一个第一狭槽(23)在所述密封表面(14)和所述第一边缘(20)之间延伸。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的超声波发生器，其特征在于，包括壳体(30)，所述壳体(30)容纳所述头部(15)且在使用中可连接到包装机，并且所述头部(15)沿所述第一边缘(20)连接到所述壳体(30)。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的超声波发生器，其特征在于，包括奇数个所述驱动单元(12)。
8.根据权利要求6或7中的任一项所述的超声波发生器，其特征在于，所述壳体(30)包括：
- 箱形元件(31)，所述箱形元件(31)容纳所述第一和第二部分(21, 22)中的一个(21)；
- 至少一个附加元件(45, 49, 50)，所述至少一个附加元件(45, 49, 50)限定隔室，所述隔室继而容纳所述第一和第二部分(21, 22)中的另一个(22)；
所述箱形元件(31)包括第二边缘(36)，所述第一边缘(20)抵靠所述第二边缘(36)布置；
所述箱形元件(31)的所述第二边缘(36)连接到所述附加元件(45, 49, 50)中的所述至少一个，以便将所述第一边缘(20)保持在给定位置。
9.根据权利要求8所述的超声波发生器，其特征在于，包括：
- 第一密封环(40)，所述第一密封环(40)沿所述第二方向(B)插设于所述第一边缘(20)和所述箱形元件(31)之间；和
- 第二密封环(42)，所述第二密封环(42)关于所述第一边缘(20)与所述第一密封环(40)相对，并且沿所述第二方向(B)插设于所述第一边缘(20)和所述至少一个附加元件(45, 49, 50)之间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的超声波发生器，其特征在于，所述第一和第二密封环(40, 42)横向于所述第一和第二方向(A, B)插设于所述头部(15)的相应的肩部(70, 71)和所述箱形元件(31)的凹口(34)之间。
11.一种用于生产密封包装的包装机，包括用于密封包装材料的密封装置(1, 9)；
所述密封装置(1)包括砧(9)和超声波发生器(1)；
其特征在于，所述超声波发生器(1)为根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的超声波发生器(1)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的包装机，其特征在于，包括电连接到所述超声波发生器(1)的所述第一和第二驱动单元(12)的唯一的发电机。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的包装机，当从属于权利要求8至10中的任一项时，其特征在于，所述砧和所述超声波发生器(1)分别由第一和第二夹具(6)承载；所述第二夹具(6)固定到所述第一箱形元件(31)的所述第二边缘(36)；
所述包装在使用中由沿垂直路径(Q)进给的包装材料的管(2)生产，所述管(2)被连续填充有所述食品，并且在等间距的横过部分处被夹持。
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