CN102792872A - Mud-carried water-saving forestation method - Google Patents
Mud-carried water-saving forestation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102792872A CN102792872A CN2012102040663A CN201210204066A CN102792872A CN 102792872 A CN102792872 A CN 102792872A CN 2012102040663 A CN2012102040663 A CN 2012102040663A CN 201210204066 A CN201210204066 A CN 201210204066A CN 102792872 A CN102792872 A CN 102792872A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention provides a mud-carried water-saving forestation method. In a mountainous area of the eastern part of Liaoning province, by the forestation method, under the condition that trees are not watered during planting, the one-time forestation survival rate is over 90 percent; and the mud-carried water-saving forestation method can be applied to growing a water conservation ecological forest and a commercial forest at the upstream of a Hun river basin.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of forestation, relate in particular to a kind of top slurry water saving method of forestation.
Background technology
Eastern mountainous (meaning Dandong, Fushun and area, Benxi) belongs to Changbai Mountain vegetation fauna, and the percentage of forest cover and forest resources occupancy volume are higher, forest reserves 18113.99 ten thousand m
3, account for 74.19% of the whole province, forestry land area 375.27 ten thousand hm
2, account for 53.99% of the whole province's forestry land area, forest land area 342.53 ten thousand hm
2, account for eastern mountainous forestry land area 91.28%.5～8 ℃ of year-round average temperatures, 140～160 days frost-free seasons, annual rainfall is at 760～810mm.
East area of the Liao River, coextensive with eastern and southern Liaoning Province mountain topography is complicated, and the mountain region is different because of the gradient, and soil-forming process is different, and the soil thickness and the soil texture differ greatly; Because of afforestation phase air humidity is little, day no rain of drought is planted trees and is watered because of ground type complicacy again; Transportation inconvenience adopts dry farming to plant trees basically, and usually survival rate does not ensure.Tradition afforestation mode to be adopted to get ready and decides the cave, unified digging pit, and three bury two steps on one and carries the seedling method of forestation, and dry farming afforestation is leaned on natural precipitation in the mountain area, and survival rate does not have the assurance of essence; Its reason mainly contains: (1) is dug hollow place and can be caused evapotranspiring of soil moisture under the no rain condition condition of spring arid, because it is longer to dig the time of hollow place cost, soil exposes in the air, and hole wall and the soil that returns the face of land can be drained by wind; (2) dig hollow place because the surface vegetation damage area is bigger, can cause face of land water and soil leakage aggravation, be unfavorable for water and soil conservation and water source self-restraint; (3) it is many to dig hollow place afforestation cost manpower, can increase cost of forestation.(4) afforestation is watered and can be solved the water source on the spot in the flat area, but cost of forestation improves, and planting out is mostly away from the remote mountain areas of residential block; The water intaking and draw mountain waterborne to water tree, because of there not being the road, car can not arrive at; Lean on manual work very limited with the transport power of carrying water pickaback, be difficult for applying.(5) unify first mass and dig pit, the mass tree planting pattern of planting trees then, not only soil water evaporation scatters and disappears fast; The hole is outer in the hole is stroked the formation dry ground by wind, and the young plant root system that transports the limit, hole that plants trees to directly exposes under the sunlight; Be prone to cause the seedling root dehydration, turning green after unfavorable nursery stock is planted.(6) in green belt, Plain and mountain area custom adopt three bury two step on one carry seedling afforestation technology, find that under study for action this afforestation technology adopts afforestation to water in the Plain operation worker is continuous; Survival rate can not be affected; But under the mountain area did not have situation that condition waters, soil is handled through upwards carrying seedling, and was thin because of soil layer easily; It is shallow to plant, and is unfavorable for that nursery stock becomes to live.In sum; Because of the inconvenience of watering of planting trees in mountain area spring, tree planting can not utilize mountain soil to return the slurry condition period, and ubiquity afforestation nursery stock does not cut root; The seedling phenomenon that crouches is very general; Influence the formation of the new root of nursery stock and the physiological of master root system and recover, the measure of nursery stock water conservation is bad in addition, and composite factor influences the nursery stock survival rate.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention provides a kind of top slurry water saving method of forestation, its objective is in eastern mountainous afforestation, solves in the past existing survival rate of method of forestation and the lower problem of storage rate.
Technical scheme: the present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of top slurry water saving method of forestation, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of this method are following:
(1), nursery stock is cut root, the length of cutting root is: it is long that 1 year livings seedling can cut root to 10～15cm with lateral root, and living seedling lateral root was grown by 15～20cm in 2 years;
(2), cement mud dips in root and preserves moisture, configuration clay earlier, in the described clay mortar, the dry ground groups of grains becomes: the powder quality accounts for 25%, grains of sand quality accounts for 5%, the clay quality accounts for 70%; Clay and water proportioning are 2:1, promptly take by weighing 2 parts of clays, measure 1 part in clear water (w/v), then mud are stirred, and with the bundled root that dips in of nursery stock behind in " (one) " step section root, the hanging rate at rhizome to main root tip of a root position reaches more than 95% of root surface area again;
(3), preserve moisture in lifting and fortune way; The processing of in time preserving moisture behind the lifting will be passed through the nursery stock after handling in " (two) " step, adopt moist keeping measures to transport planting site to; Nursery stock will be preserved moisture with immersion straw bag sheet Gai Miao during the fortune seedling, and root mud is fallen in the erosion of avoiding watering in the fortune way;
(4), top slurry afforestation, nursery stock pushes up slurry afforestation and can carry out in mid or late April in spring, plant seedlings period April 15 to April 25, can delay 3～5 days during low temperature;
(5), transplanted seedling tree, the mode of planting adopts promptly the method for promptly planting trees in the hole of digging, the hole diameter of planting trees is that 25～40cm, the degree of depth are 25～35cm;
(6), ridging treads, sapling sets upright once ridging and treads, the central authorities that nursery stock will be put hole set upright, the bulk density of soil of treading is that light loam will reach and is not less than 1.1～1.2g/cm
3, clay loam will reach 1.2～1.3 g/cm
3, clay unit weight reaches and is not less than 1.3 g/cm
3
(7), ridging tread after earthing at once, covering loose table soil thickness is 3～4cm;
(8), tree dish covering film, on the earthing of the outstanding lid of plant pit, be covered with one deck black mulch film according to the size of tree dish.
When afforestation top slurry will be worked as soil and thawed and carry out when reaching 25 cm～35cm deeply in " (four) " step.
Institute's covering film is the unregistered land film in " (eight) " step, and mulch film is the circle of square or Φ 25cm～Φ 40cm of 25cm * 25cm～40cm * 40cm.
Concrete film covering method is in " (eight) " step: mulch film is cut into square or circular by size, its size adapts with diameter of tree dish, in the mulch film of having cut out one side; Cut off the opening of a radius length, if the opening length that circular mulch film is then cut off is the radius length of circular mulch film, if square mulch film; The length of the opening of then cutting off is 1/2 of the length of side, then opening part is aimed at nursery stock, the pulling mulch film; Make the nursery stock butt place mulch film central authorities, and make the rhizome of sapling be positioned at center membrane, with mulch film stretch flat and the tree dish soil surface that tiles on; After having covered mulch film, with table soil pressure covering film, the table soil thickness reaches 2cm again; Contact position, mulch film and root footpath is covered the slit sternly with soil emphatically, prevents that the sunlight meal with wine hinders bark.
When large tracts of land is afforested with seedling quantity greatly in " (two) " step; The mud that fortune is low to moderate planting site dips in offspring and will place and keep away cloudy lee side, and covers material which can retain moisture and prevent the nursery stock dehydration, if the seedling of using overnight; Then dig and heel in ditch temporarily and nursery stock is heeled in ready access upon use during afforestation.
Heel in wide * dark=40cm～60 cm * 50 cm～70 cm of ditch temporarily; Heeling in the length of ditch then decides according to nursery stock quantity; Heeling on the ditch the nursery stock individual layer and bilayer is put or bundled putting, 1/2 place of earthing to height of seedling is also stepped on sternly at the root system position, prevents the dehydration of divulging a secret temporarily.
"(Two)" step, the detection rate for hanging pulp extraction method using random, open bales randomly selected 5% of bales batch of seedlings, root apical to the inter-roots hanging from the vertical mud rate of 100%, local as plaque rate should not hang up less than 5% slurry.
Advantage and effect: the present invention provides a kind of top slurry water saving method of forestation; In eastern mountainous; Adopt method of forestation of the present invention; Under the situation of not watering of planting trees, one time survival rate can reach more than 90%, and this technology is built the water source self-restraint ecological forest at the upper reaches, Hun River basin and timber forest is applied.
Embodiment:Do further explanation in the face of the present invention down:
The present invention provides a kind of top slurry water saving method of forestation, and the concrete steps of this method are following:
(1), nursery stock cuts root because the nursery stock horizontal branch of planting out is comparatively flourishing with vertical root, lead, lateral root is longer; For reduce when afforestation because of the long generation of root system crouch root with dig hollow place vegetation destruction phenomenon; Improve survival rate and amount of growth, and promote mitogenetic new, increase nutrient and moisture absorption area; Cutting root length is: 1 year living seedling can cut root with lateral root and keep 10～15cm length, and 2 years living seedling lateral roots cut root and keep 15～20cm length.
(Two), clayey mud dipping moisturizing, bare root planting is one of the factors affecting the survival rate of afforestation or due to exposure to the air transport seedlings for too long, or the arrival of forest land without effective protection, sun exposure time too long, seedling roots caused by wind drained root dehydration, has been the use of water-retaining agent and mud dipping reports, but did not see this technology is characterized by clay slurry as the root water retention materials testing reports and test results which, first configure clay, the clay slurry dry soil quality soil particle composition: 25% powder mass (soil particle analysis made in USA), accounting for 5% of the mass of sand, clay mass accounted for 70%; would 2 parts 1 part clay watered (w / v), and then stir the mud, and then "(a)" step cut root seedlings after dipping into bundles, root to root apical parts linked to pulp rate of root 95% or more of the surface area so far; detection method linked to pulp ratio, random sample of 5% of the bales batch of seedlings, open bales visual, root apical to the inter-roots hanging from the vertical mud rate of 100%, local spotting massive mud rate should not hang up less than 5%.
(3), lifting and fortune way preserve moisture, lifting was in time preserved moisture and was handled and transported to planting site the same day, nursery stock will be preserved moisture with immersion straw bag sheet Gai Miao during the fortune seedling; But avoid watering water loss root mud in the fortune way, large tracts of land afforestation is with seedling quantity when big, transports the mud that is low to moderate planting site and dips in offspring and place and keep away cloudy lee side; And cover material which can retain moisture and prevent the nursery stock dehydration, overnight preferably digging with seedling heeled in ditch temporarily and heeled in ready access upon use during afforestation; Heel in wide * dark=40cm～60 cm * 50 cm～70 cm of ditch temporarily, heel in ditch length and can decide according to nursery stock quantity, individual layer is put by tying; 1/2 place of earthing to the height of tree is also stepped on sternly at the root system position a little, prevents the dehydration of divulging a secret.
(4), top slurry afforestation, top slurry afforestation can be carried out in mid or late April in spring, tree planting period is generally about April 15 to April 25; Can delay 3～5 days during low temperature; Concrete carry out when reaching the 25 cm～35cm left and right sides deeply when soil thaws, tree well bottom at this moment still is the frozen soil attitude, by the melt water of the solid shape ice of the tree well lower curtate frozen soil conductance along the soil capillary rising; Keep the suitable humidity of soil, the one-tenth of favourable nursery stock is lived.
(5), dig the hole and promptly plant, dig the hole and promptly plant and can prevent to dig pit that to return one side open-assembly time of the face of land to soil long and soil moisture that produce is evapotranspired and the ease of underground water part is lost.Help preventing the soil dehydration first, second reduce the vegetation deterioration area; Dig the hole size and depend on that nursery stock axial root system and lateral root are length; Suit measures to local conditions, do not adopt conventional unified standard to dig pit and unify the traditional method that sequential is planted trees, cheat with planting trees with digging; Time spent is few, speed is fast, reduce to greatest extent soil moisture scatter and disappear with the transplanted seedling tree process in moisture loss.The hole diameter of planting trees is different because of the tree root size, and the hole diameter of planting trees is: 25～40cm, the degree of depth are that 25～35cm does not wait.
(6), ridging treads, and setting upright once ridging and treading, the central authorities that seedling will be put hole set upright; Once ridging is treaded; Impel the sapling root consistent with the bulk density of soil of forest land nature on every side by the bulk density of soil of artificial disturbance, the soil of being treaded helps the connection of soil capillarity crack pipe, and the frozen soil melt water that promotes the hole bottom is through upwards conduction of capillary; To provide root system required moisture, the bulk density of soil of treading is: light loam will reach 1.1～1.2g/cm
3More than, clay loam will reach 1.2～1.3 g/cm
3, clay reaches 1.4 g/cm
3More than.
(7), outstanding lid table soil, the tree well of being treaded surface can be because of soil moisture unbalanced different with soil physics convergent-divergent power through upwards conduction capillaceous, and the generation crack; As do not take technical measures; Can aggravate scattering and disappearing of soil moisture, be to reduce the moisture loss phenomenon, and it is native to cover loose table after the afforestation at once; Thickness is 3～4cm, so that a water conservation interface cover layer to be provided.
(8), tree dish covers the unregistered land film, plant trees the phase spring, often air humidity is lower, the soil water evaporation amount is big, is accompanied by the spring drought phase about 1 month after planting trees in addition, reduces soil evaporation and keeps soil moisture to seem very important.On the table soil of the outstanding lid of plant pit; Being covered with one deck mulch film according to the size of tree dish more helps the rising moisture of soil and is held back by water-retaining film; Be reduced into water droplet and return to slip in the soil and effectively utilized, increased the content of root zone moisture, improved survival rate by root system.Covering film helps increasing soil temperature, for the root growth that plants seedlings provides suitable ground temperature condition.Cover the unregistered land film and help suppressing the weeds in the tree dish, avoided the striving unexpectedly of growing space of weeds and nursery stock, increased the resistance of nursery stock; Help the quick reparation of injured seedling root, increase nursery stock height growth and biomass, improve nursery stock materialization degree then; Strengthen the cold performance of surviving the winter of nursery stock; Reduce disease worm harm, described mulch film adopts agricultural commodity unregistered land film, is cut into during the film overlay film of unregistered land to be of a size of that Φ 25 * Φ 25～Φ 50cm is square not to be waited with circle.
Film covering method is cut into mulch film squarely or circular by size, its size adapts with diameter of tree dish; In the mulch film of having cut out one side, cut off the opening of a radius length, if the opening length that circular mulch film is then cut off is the radius length of circular mulch film; If square mulch film, the length of the opening of then cutting off is 1/2 of the length of side, then opening part is aimed at nursery stock; The pulling mulch film makes the nursery stock butt place mulch film central authorities, makes the rhizome of sapling be positioned at center membrane; With mulch film stretch flat and the tree dish soil surface that tiles on, covered mulch film after, again with showing the soil pressure covering film; The table soil thickness reaches 2cm, and contact position, mulch film and root footpath is covered the slit sternly with native emphatically, prevents that the sunlight meal with wine hinders bark.
Embodiment 1:
Get 1 year living tree seedling
The length of (one), nursery stock is cut root, cutting root is: 10cm is long;
(2), cement mud dips in root and preserves moisture, in the described clay slip, dry ground quality soil particle consists of: the powder quality accounts for 25% (soil particle is analyzed US-built), and grains of sand quality accounts for 5%, and the clay quality accounts for 70%; 2 parts of clays are converted 1 part in water (w/v), then mud is stirred, with the bundled root that dips in of nursery stock behind in " (one) " step section root, the extension mud rate at rhizome to main root tip of a root position reaches 95% of root surface area again.
(3), preserve moisture in lifting and fortune way; To pass through in " (two) " step nursery stock lifting on the same day after handling preserved moisture to handle and to transport to planting site the same day; Nursery stock will be preserved moisture with immersion straw bag sheet Gai Miao during the fortune seedling, waters on the way to avoid fortune, and root mud is fallen in erosion;
(4), top slurry afforestation, being characterized as of the period of planting seedlings is selected in 15～April 20 April, can delay 3～10 days during temperature low temperature; Its soil depth characteristic of thawing is that soil thaws and reaches 30～35 cm deeply, the visible frozen soil state in tree well bottom.
(5), transplanted seedling tree, the mode of planting adopts promptly the method for promptly planting in the hole of digging, it is that 25～30cm, the degree of depth are that 25～35cm does not wait that the hole diameter of planting trees requires;
(6), ridging treads, sapling sets upright once ridging and treads, the central authorities that seedling will be put hole set upright, the specification requirement of treading does, being characterized as light loam and will reaching and be not less than 1.1～1.2 g/cm of the bulk density of soil in the tree well
3, clay loam will reach 1.2～1.3 g/cm
3, clay reaches 1.3 g/cm
3More than;
(7), ridging tread after earthing at once, covering the requirement of loose table soil thickness is 2～4cm;
(8), tree dish covering film; On the earthing of the outstanding lid of plant pit, the size of coiling according to tree is covered with one deck mulch film, and mulch film is of a size of 25cm * 25cm～40cm * 40cm or Φ 25cm～Φ 40cm; Concrete size is looked the tree well diameter and is not waited, and the covering film method as previously discussed.
When large tracts of land is afforested with seedling quantity greatly in " (two) " step; The mud that fortune is low to moderate planting site dips in offspring and places and keep away cloudy lee side, and covers material which can retain moisture and prevent the nursery stock dehydration, if the seedling of using overnight; Then dig and heel in ditch temporarily and nursery stock is heeled in ready access upon use during afforestation.Heel in wide * dark=40cm～60 cm * 50 cm～70 cm of ditch temporarily, heel in the length of ditch and decide because of nursery stock quantity, heeling in the ditch temporarily, nursery stock is spread in a single layer by tying, earthing requires to step on sternly to 1/2 place of height of seedling and at the root system position, prevents the dehydration of divulging a secret.
Embodiment 2:
Get life in 2 years and move a seedling
The length of (one), nursery stock is cut root, cutting root is: 15cm is long;
(2), cement mud dips in root and preserves moisture, in the described clay slip, dry ground quality soil particle consists of: the powder quality accounts for 25% (soil particle is analyzed US-built), and grains of sand quality accounts for 5%, and the clay quality accounts for 70%; 2 parts of clays are converted 1 part in water (w/v), then mud is stirred, with the bundled root that dips in of nursery stock behind in " (one) " step section root, the extension mud rate at rhizome to main root tip of a root position reaches 95% of root surface area again.
(3), lifting and fortune way preserve moisture, and will pass through nursery stock lifting on the same day after handling in " (two) " step and preserve moisture the same day and to handle and to transport to planting site, nursery stock will be preserved moisture with immersion straw bag sheet Gai Miao during the fortune seedling, waters in the fortune way avoiding;
(4), top slurry afforestation, will be selected in 20～April 25 April the period of planting seedlings, can delay 3～5 days during temperature low temperature; Soil thawed and reached 25～35 cm deeply this moment
(5), transplanted seedling tree, the mode of planting adopts promptly the method that the hole promptly plants of digging, the hole diameter of planting trees is that 40cm, the degree of depth are 35cm;
(6), ridging treads, and setting upright once ridging and treading, the central authorities that seedling will be put hole set upright, the bulk density of soil of treading is that light loam requires the bulk density of soil to reach 1.1～1.2 g/cm
3, clay loam will reach 1.2～1.3 g/cm
3, clay reaches 1.3 g/cm
3More than;
(7), ridging tread after earthing at once, covering loose table soil thickness and being characterized as 2～4cm;
(8), tree dish covering film, on the earthing of the outstanding lid of plant pit, be covered with one deck mulch film according to the size of tree dish, mulch film is of a size of 25cm * 25cm～40cm * 40cm or Φ 25cm～Φ 40cm, the covering film method is as previously discussed.
When large tracts of land is afforested with seedling quantity greatly in " (two) " step; The mud that fortune is low to moderate planting site dips in offspring and places and keep away the moon and ward off the wind place, and covers material which can retain moisture and prevent the nursery stock dehydration, if the seedling of using overnight; Then dig and heel in ditch temporarily and nursery stock is heeled in ready access upon use during afforestation.Heel in temporarily ditch wide * high=* 40cm～60 cm * 50 cm～70 cm; The length of heeling in ditch is because of then deciding according to nursery stock quantity; Heeling on the ditch the nursery stock individual layer by bundle putting, 1/2 place of earthing to height of seedling is also stepped on sternly at the root system position, prevents the dehydration of divulging a secret temporarily.
Embodiment 3:
Get 1 year living seedling as ratoon;
The length of (one), nursery stock is cut root, cutting root is: 12cm is long;
(2), cement mud dips in root and preserves moisture, in the described clay slip, dry ground quality soil particle consists of: the powder quality accounts for 25% (soil particle is analyzed US-built), and grains of sand quality accounts for 5%, and the clay quality accounts for 70%; 2 parts of clays are converted 1 part in water (w/v), then mud is stirred, with the bundled root that dips in of nursery stock behind in " (one) " step section root, the extension mud rate at rhizome to main root tip of a root position reaches 95% of root surface area again.
(3), lifting and fortune way preserve moisture, and will pass through nursery stock lifting on the same day after handling in " (two) " step and preserve moisture the same day and to handle and to transport to planting site, nursery stock will be preserved moisture with immersion straw bag sheet Gai Miao during the fortune seedling, but avoids watering in the fortune way;
(4), top slurry afforestation, will be selected in April 19 period of planting seedlings, can delay 3～5 days during low temperature; Soil thawed and reached 27 cm deeply this moment
(5), to stock growing, the mode of cultivation adopts promptly the method that the hole promptly plants of digging, the hole diameter of planting trees is that 30cm, the degree of depth are 30cm;
(6), ridging treads, and setting upright once ridging and treading, the central authorities that seedling will be put hole set upright, the bulk density of soil of treading is that light loam will reach and is not less than 1.2～1.3g/cm
3, clay loam will reach 1.3～1.4 g/cm
3, clay reaches and is not less than 1.4 g/cm
3
(7), ridging tread after earthing at once, covering loose table soil thickness is 3.5cm;
(8), tree dish covering film, on the earthing of the outstanding lid of plant pit, be covered with one deck mulch film according to the size of tree dish, mulch film is of a size of Φ 25 * 35cm, the covering film method is as previously discussed.
When large tracts of land is afforested with seedling quantity greatly in " (two) " step; The mud that fortune is low to moderate planting site dips in offspring and places and keep away the moon and ward off the wind place, and covers material which can retain moisture and prevent the nursery stock dehydration, if the seedling of using overnight; Then dig and heel in ditch temporarily and nursery stock is heeled in ready access upon use during afforestation.Temporary heel groove width × depth = 40cm ~ 60? Cm × 50? Cm ~ 70? Cm, and the length of each heel groove may be in accordance with the number of seedlings, seedlings placed in the ditch at heel bundle single pendulum put spread or open bales placed to the height of the casing 1/2 and parts of roots overburden step Yan, Lu wind prevent dehydration.
Embodiment 4:
Get 2 years living seedlings as ratoon;
The length of (one), nursery stock is cut root, cutting root is: 15cm is long;
(2), cement mud dips in root and preserves moisture, in the described clay slip, dry ground quality soil particle consists of: the powder quality accounts for 25% (soil particle is analyzed US-built), and grains of sand quality accounts for 5%, and the clay quality accounts for 70%; 2 parts of clays are converted 1 part in water (w/v), then mud is stirred, with the bundled root that dips in of nursery stock behind in " (one) " step section root, the extension mud rate at rhizome to main root tip of a root position reaches 95% of root surface area again.
(3), lifting and fortune way preserve moisture, and will pass through nursery stock lifting on the same day after handling in " (two) " step and preserve moisture the same day and to handle and to transport to planting site, nursery stock will be preserved moisture with immersion straw bag sheet Gai Miao during the fortune seedling, but avoids watering in the fortune way;
(4), top slurry afforestation, will be selected in April 15 period of planting seedlings, can delay 3～5 days during low temperature; Soil thawed and reached 35 cm deeply this moment
(5), to stock growing, the mode of cultivation adopts promptly the method that the hole promptly plants of digging, the hole diameter of planting trees is that 25cm, the degree of depth are 30cm;
(6), ridging treads, and setting upright once ridging and treading, the central authorities that seedling will be put hole set upright, the bulk density of soil of treading is that light loam will reach and is not less than 1.2～1.3g/cm
3, clay loam will reach 1.3～1.4 g/cm
3, clay reaches and is not less than 1.4 g/cm
3
(7), ridging tread after earthing at once, covering loose table soil thickness is 3cm;
(8), tree dish covering film, on the earthing of the outstanding lid of plant pit, be covered with one deck mulch film according to the size of tree dish, mulch film is of a size of Φ 25 * 25cm, the covering film method is as previously discussed.
When large tracts of land is afforested with seedling quantity greatly in " (two) " step; The mud that fortune is low to moderate planting site dips in offspring and places and keep away the moon and ward off the wind place, and covers material which can retain moisture and prevent the nursery stock dehydration, if the seedling of using overnight; Then dig and heel in ditch temporarily and nursery stock is heeled in ready access upon use during afforestation.Heel in wide * dark=40cm～60 cm * 50 cm～70 cm of ditch temporarily; (condition should be given in this place to the length of heeling in ditch because of then deciding according to nursery stock quantity; For example: the density of putting); Heeling on the ditch the nursery stock individual layer by bundle putting, 1/2 place of earthing to height of seedling is also stepped on sternly at the root system position, prevents the dehydration of divulging a secret temporarily.
Embodiment 5:
Get 2 years living seedlings as ratoon;
The length of (one), nursery stock is cut root, cutting root is: 20cm is long;
(2), cement mud dips in root and preserves moisture, in the described clay slip, dry ground quality soil particle consists of: the powder quality accounts for 25% (soil particle is analyzed US-built), and grains of sand quality accounts for 5%, and the clay quality accounts for 70%; 2 parts of clays are converted 1 part in water (w/v), then mud is stirred, with the bundled root that dips in of nursery stock behind in " (one) " step section root, the extension mud rate at rhizome to main root tip of a root position reaches 95% of root surface area again.
(3), lifting and fortune way preserve moisture, and will pass through nursery stock lifting on the same day after handling in " (two) " step and preserve moisture the same day and to handle and to transport to planting site, nursery stock will be preserved moisture with immersion straw bag sheet Gai Miao during the fortune seedling, but avoids watering in the fortune way;
(4), top slurry afforestation, will be selected in April 25 period of planting seedlings, can delay 3～5 days during low temperature; Soil thawed and reached 30 cm deeply this moment
(5), to stock growing, the mode of cultivation adopts promptly the method that the hole promptly plants of digging, the hole diameter of planting trees is that 40cm, the degree of depth are 28cm;
(6), ridging treads, and setting upright once ridging and treading, the central authorities that seedling will be put hole set upright, the bulk density of soil of treading is that light loam will reach and is not less than 1.2～1.3g/cm
3, clay loam will reach 1.3～1.4 g/cm
3, clay reaches and is not less than 1.4 g/cm
3
(7), ridging tread after earthing at once, covering loose table soil thickness is 4cm;
(8), tree dish covering film, on the earthing of the outstanding lid of plant pit, be covered with one deck mulch film according to the size of tree dish, mulch film is of a size of Φ 25 * 50cm, the covering film method is as previously discussed.
When large tracts of land is afforested with seedling quantity greatly in " (two) " step; The mud that fortune is low to moderate planting site dips in offspring and places and keep away the moon and ward off lee side, and covers material which can retain moisture and prevent the nursery stock dehydration, if the seedling of using overnight; Then dig and heel in ditch temporarily and nursery stock is heeled in ready access upon use during afforestation.Heel in wide * dark=40cm～60 cm * 50 cm～70 cm of ditch temporarily; The length of heeling in ditch is because of then deciding according to nursery stock quantity; Heeling on the ditch the nursery stock individual layer by bundle putting, 1/2 place of earthing to height of seedling is also stepped on sternly at the root system position, prevents the dehydration of divulging a secret temporarily.
Embodiment 6:
Get 2 years living seedlings as ratoon;
The length of (one), nursery stock is cut root, cutting root is: 17cm is long;
(2), cement mud dips in root and preserves moisture, in the described clay slip, dry ground quality soil particle consists of: the powder quality accounts for 25% (soil particle is analyzed US-built), and grains of sand quality accounts for 5%, and the clay quality accounts for 70%; 2 parts of clays are converted 1 part in water (w/v), then mud is stirred, with the bundled root that dips in of nursery stock behind in " (one) " step section root, the extension mud rate at rhizome to main root tip of a root position reaches 95% of root surface area again.
(3), lifting and fortune way preserve moisture, and will pass through nursery stock lifting on the same day after handling in " (two) " step and preserve moisture the same day and to handle and to transport to planting site, nursery stock will be preserved moisture with immersion straw bag sheet Gai Miao during the fortune seedling, but avoids watering in the fortune way;
(4), top slurry afforestation, will be selected in April 22 period of planting seedlings, can delay 3～5 days during low temperature; Soil thawed and reached 27 cm deeply this moment
(5), to stock growing, the mode of cultivation adopts promptly the method that the hole promptly plants of digging, the hole diameter of planting trees is that 30cm, the degree of depth are 30cm;
(6), ridging treads, and setting upright once ridging and treading, the central authorities that seedling will be put hole set upright, the bulk density of soil of treading is that light loam will reach and is not less than 1.1～1.2g/cm
3, clay loam will reach 1.2～1.3 g/cm
3, clay reaches and is not less than 1.3 g/cm
3More than;
(7), ridging tread after earthing at once, covering loose table soil thickness is 3.5cm;
(8), tree dish covering film, on the earthing of the outstanding lid of plant pit, be covered with one deck mulch film according to the size of tree dish, mulch film is of a size of Φ 25 * 35cm, the covering film method is as previously discussed.
When large tracts of land is afforested with seedling quantity greatly in " (two) " step; The mud that fortune is low to moderate planting site dips in offspring and places and keep away the moon and ward off the wind place, and covers material which can retain moisture and prevent the nursery stock dehydration, if the seedling of using overnight; Then dig and heel in ditch temporarily and nursery stock is heeled in ready access upon use during afforestation.Heel in wide * dark=40cm～60 cm * 50 cm～70 cm of ditch temporarily; The length of heeling in ditch is because of then deciding according to nursery stock quantity; Heeling on the ditch the nursery stock individual layer by bundle putting, 1/2 place of earthing to height of seedling is also stepped on sternly at the root system position, prevents the dehydration of divulging a secret temporarily.
Employed agricultural unregistered land film is a petrochemical industry material polyethylene plastic products among the present invention, wherein in product technology, has dosed the black graphite material, observes according to 5 years continuous results of study of this technology; The film of unregistered land film was imitated the life-span about 4 months; Thereafter mulch film gets into shattering process, and through factor effects such as soil enzymolysis, photetchings, macromolecule polyalcohol is degraded into micromolecular carbon compound; Through 2 years decomposition processes; Become and on molecular level, be difficult for the soil organic matter distinguished, the unregistered land film has a wide range of applications on agriculture growing vegetables industry, does not have the report of contaminated environment.
Two following forms are for implementing the application's experimental result data table, wherein:
Table 1 is reed pond, a Manchu Autonomous County of Qingyuan sweet well forest farm ditch tables of data
| Seeds | Density (m) | Area (mu) | Survival rate % | Storage rate % |
| White birch | 2 * 2 | 80 | 97.2% | 95% |
| Larch | 2 * 2 | 80 | 95% | 92% |
| Manchurian ash | 2 * 2 | 80 | 92% | 90% |
Table 2 is Manchu Autonomous County of Xinbin Yongling Tomb town's forestry work station Shang Yuan village tables of data
| Seeds | Density (m) | Area (mu) | Survival rate % | Storage rate % |
| White birch | 2 * 2 | 70 | 95.1 | 93.7 |
| Korean pine | 2 * 2 | 70 | 92.3 | 90.8 |
| Larch | 2 * 2 | 70 | 90.0 | 93.4 |
Claims (7)
1. the water saving method of forestation is starched on a top, and it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of this method are following:
(1), nursery stock is cut root, the length of cutting root is: it is long that 1 year livings seedling can cut root to 10～15cm with lateral root, and living seedling lateral root was grown by 15～20cm in 2 years;
(2), cement mud dips in root and preserves moisture, configuration clay earlier, in the described clay mortar, the dry ground groups of grains becomes: the powder quality accounts for 25%, grains of sand quality accounts for 5%, the clay quality accounts for 70%; Clay and water proportioning are 2:1, promptly take by weighing 2 parts of clays, measure 1 part in clear water (w/v), then mud are stirred, and with the bundled root that dips in of nursery stock behind in " (one) " step section root, the hanging rate at rhizome to main root tip of a root position reaches more than 95% of root surface area again;
(3), preserve moisture in lifting and fortune way; The processing of in time preserving moisture behind the lifting will be passed through the nursery stock after handling in " (two) " step, adopt moist keeping measures to transport planting site to; Nursery stock will be preserved moisture with immersion straw bag sheet Gai Miao during the fortune seedling, and root mud is fallen in the erosion of avoiding watering in the fortune way;
(4), top slurry afforestation, nursery stock pushes up slurry afforestation and can carry out in mid or late April in spring, plant seedlings period April 15 to April 25, can delay 3～5 days during low temperature;
(5), transplanted seedling tree, the mode of planting adopts promptly the method for promptly planting trees in the hole of digging, the hole diameter of planting trees is that 25～40cm, the degree of depth are 25～35cm;
(6), ridging treads, sapling sets upright once ridging and treads, the central authorities that nursery stock will be put hole set upright, the bulk density of soil of treading is that light loam will reach and is not less than 1.1～1.2g/cm
3, clay loam will reach 1.2～1.3 g/cm
3, clay unit weight reaches and is not less than 1.3 g/cm
3
(7), ridging tread after earthing at once, covering loose table soil thickness is 3～4cm;
(8), tree dish covering film, on the earthing of the outstanding lid of plant pit, be covered with one deck black mulch film according to the size of tree dish.
2. slurry water saving method of forestation in a kind of top according to claim 1 is characterized in that: will work as soil in " (four) " step during top slurry afforestation and thaw and carry out when reaching 25 cm～35cm deeply.
3. a kind of top slurry water saving method of forestation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: institute's covering film is the unregistered land film in " (eight) " step, mulch film is the circle of square or Φ 25cm～Φ 40cm of 25cm * 25cm～40cm * 40cm.
4. slurry water saving method of forestation in a kind of top according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: concrete film covering method is in " (eight) " step: mulch film is cut into square or circular by size, its size adapts with diameter of tree dish; In the mulch film of having cut out one side, cut off the opening of a radius length, if the opening length that circular mulch film is then cut off is the radius length of circular mulch film; If square mulch film, the length of the opening of then cutting off is 1/2 of the length of side, then opening part is aimed at nursery stock; The pulling mulch film makes the nursery stock butt place mulch film central authorities, and makes the rhizome of sapling be positioned at center membrane; With mulch film stretch flat and the tree dish soil surface that tiles on, covered mulch film after, again with showing the soil pressure covering film; The table soil thickness reaches 2cm, and contact position, mulch film and root footpath is covered the slit sternly with native emphatically, prevents that the sunlight meal with wine hinders bark.
5. a kind of top slurry water saving method of forestation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: when large tracts of land is afforested with seedling quantity greatly in " (two) " step; The mud that fortune is low to moderate planting site dips in offspring and will place and keep away cloudy lee side, and covers material which can retain moisture and prevent the nursery stock dehydration, if the seedling of using overnight; Then dig and heel in ditch temporarily and nursery stock is heeled in ready access upon use during afforestation.
6. a kind of top slurry water saving method of forestation according to claim 5; It is characterized in that: wide * dark=40cm～60 cm * 50 cm～70 cm that temporarily heel in ditch; Heeling in the length of ditch then decides according to nursery stock quantity; Heeling on the ditch the nursery stock individual layer and bilayer is put or bundled putting, 1/2 place of earthing to height of seedling is also stepped on sternly at the root system position, prevents the dehydration of divulging a secret temporarily.
7 according to claim 1, wherein an apocrine water afforestation, characterized in that: "(two)" step, linked to pulp ratio for the detection of a random drawing method, open bales of five randomly selected batches of seedlings % bales, rhizosphere rooms from the apical to the roots hang vertically mud rate of 100%, do not hang up the mud into a patchy local rate should be less than 5%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105638356A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-08 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Sandy soil film covering and seepage proofing afforestation method |
| CN112544324A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-26 | 北京星河园林景观工程有限公司 | Ecological afforestation method suitable for semi-bare rock mountain land |
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| CN1994053A (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2007-07-11 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A plantation method capable of improving seedling tree survival rate |
| CN101209019A (en) * | 2006-12-31 | 2008-07-02 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Green plant planting method for jujube tree in semi-arid area |
| CN101911906A (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2010-12-15 | 江苏省电力公司沭阳县供电公司 | Tree transplanting method |
| CN102283074A (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2011-12-21 | 张冠一 | Method for increasing survival rate in forestation in mountainous areas |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1926956A (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2007-03-14 | 贵州宏晨山茶花资源开发研究所 | Process for bit teabush transplantation and survival |
| CN1994053A (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2007-07-11 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A plantation method capable of improving seedling tree survival rate |
| CN101209019A (en) * | 2006-12-31 | 2008-07-02 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Green plant planting method for jujube tree in semi-arid area |
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| CN105638356A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-08 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Sandy soil film covering and seepage proofing afforestation method |
| CN112544324A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-26 | 北京星河园林景观工程有限公司 | Ecological afforestation method suitable for semi-bare rock mountain land |
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