CN102785659A - 用于运行混合动力车辆的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行混合动力车辆的方法 Download PDF

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CN102785659A
CN102785659A CN2012101570249A CN201210157024A CN102785659A CN 102785659 A CN102785659 A CN 102785659A CN 2012101570249 A CN2012101570249 A CN 2012101570249A CN 201210157024 A CN201210157024 A CN 201210157024A CN 102785659 A CN102785659 A CN 102785659A
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M·弗赫特纳
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
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    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
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    • B60W30/18136—Engine braking
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行混合动力车辆的混合动力传动系的方法。该动力传动系具有内燃发动机、第一电动机器、带有输入轴的变速器、分离元件、和混合动力车辆的第一车桥。内燃发动机与第一电动机器一起被安排在变速器的输入轴上，以便驱动混合动力车辆的第一车桥。内燃发动机能通过分离元件而连接到第一电动机器。当分离元件打开且内燃发动机静止时，在内燃发动机与转动的第一电动机器之间在分离元件处发生转速差。在低于并上至分离元件处的一个最大容许转速差时，分离元件是打开的，以便通过第一电动机器来以纯电动方式驱动或制动混合动力车辆或者允许其滑行，而高于该最大容许转速差时，分离元件与第一电动机器是彼此分离开的。

Description

用于运行混合动力车辆的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行混合动力车辆的混合动力传动系的方法。
背景技术
在这样一种混合动力车辆中，动力传动系具有一个内燃发动机、一个第一电动机器、一个带有输入轴的变速器、一个分离元件、以及该混合动力车辆的一个第一车桥。
在此背景下，该内燃发动机与第一电动机器一起被安排在该变速器的输入轴上，以便驱动混合动力车辆的第一车桥。此外，内燃发动机可以通过该分离元件而连接到该第一电动机器上。
当这个分离元件被打开时，内燃发动机可以停机。混合动力车辆的第一车桥于是可以由作为电动机工作的第一电动机器以纯电动方式驱动，或者可以由作为发电机工作的第一电动机器来制动（以下称为“再生”）或者可以用一种无动力的方式滚动（以下称为“滑行”）。
然而，在高速下，尤其是在高功率混合动力车辆中，在停机（即，静止）的内燃发动机与转动的第一电动机器之间出现了大的转速差。然而，如果在打开的分离元件处超过了一个最大容许转速差，就会在这个分离元件处出现热力学问题或刚度问题。
US 6,932,738B2阐述了一种混合动力车辆。在所述车辆中，当混合动力车辆的一个车桥是以纯电动方式驱动时，可以将一个电动机器脱离联接。其中提供的是逐渐地将该电动机器脱离联接。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于运行混合动力车辆的混合动力传动系的方法，借助该方法能避免在混合动力车辆高速时在打开的分离元件处的热学问题或刚度问题。
这个目的是通过如下方法来实现的：一种用于运行混合动力车辆的混合动力传动系的方法，其中，该动力传动系具有一个内燃发动机、一个第一电动机器、一个带有输入轴的变速器、一个分离元件、以及一个该混合动力车辆的第一车桥；其中，该内燃发动机与该第一电动机器一起被安排在该变速器的输入轴上，以便驱动该混合动力车辆的第一车桥，并且该内燃发动机能通过该分离元件而连接到该第一电动机器；其中，当该分离元件打开并且该内燃发动机静止时，在该内燃发动机与正在转动的该第一电动机器之间在所述分离元件处出现转速差；其中，在低于并且上至该分离元件处的一个最大容许转速差时，该分离元件是打开的，以便通过该第一电动机器来以纯电动方式驱动该混合动力车辆、或者制动所述混合动力车辆、或者允许其滑行，而高于该最大容许转速差时，该分离元件与该第一电动机器是彼此分离的。
通过根据本发明的这种方法，重要的是，在低于并且上至该分离元件处的一个最大容许转速差时，这个分离元件是打开的，以便通过该第一电动机器来以纯电动方式来驱动该混合动力车辆或者允许所述混合动力车辆进行再生或进行滑行。在另一方面，当高于该分离元件处的这个最大容许转速差时，这个分离元件与第一电动机器是彼此分离的。在此背景下，变速器中的一个联接元件优选被打开，其结果是该分离元件与第一电动机器分离。由于该分离元件与第一电动机器的这种分离，该混合动力车辆在高于该分离元件处的这个最大容许转速差下仍然可以滑行。因此，在高速时，尤其在高功率混合动力车辆中，没有发现在该分离元件处出现热力学问题或者刚度问题。
根据本发明的这种方法并不依赖于以下情况，即：该混合动力车辆是具有一个所述可驱动的第一车桥还是额外地具有至少一个其他的电驱动的车桥。即便在没有其他的电驱动的车桥的车辆中，根据本发明的这种方法仍然允许高车速时的这种滑行模式，而这本会导致不可接受地超过该分离元件处的转速差。
根据本发明运行的这种混合动力车辆优选地被配置的方式为，该动力传动系具有混合动力车辆的一个第二车桥以及用于驱动该第二车桥的至少一个第二电动机器。在此提供的是，高于该分离元件处的最大容许转速差时，这个混合动力车辆就被该第二电动机器所驱动或制动。因此，鉴于由作为电动机运行的该第二电动机器来驱动该混合动力车辆的第二车桥的这一情况，在高于该分离元件处的这个最大容许转速差时，这种混合动力车辆仍然可以用纯电动方式行驶；或者鉴于由作为发电机运行的该第二电动机器来制动该混合动力车辆的这一情况，所述混合动力车辆可以再生。因此这一改进方案还允许高于该分离元件的最大转速差时的电动行驶模式。然而，连同该第一车桥，其他以电动方式被驱动的车桥在此是必要的。这种配置还允许减少用于电气冷启动的热量输入，由此使得离合器磨损最小化。
因此，根据本发明的这种方法中的一个显著的特征是，可实现将该分离元件与第一电动机器彼此分离，尤其是使用连接到混合动力模块上的变速器的一个离合器元件，以便执行该混合动力模块内的分离元件的功能，并且因此用以避免最大转速差的问题。在此背景下，尤其是上至一个达到该转速差的点时，这种动力传动系通过混合动力模块内的分离元件被分开而用于所述滑行模式和所述电动行驶模式。当超过该转速差时，通过连接至混合动力模块的所述变速器的这个离合器元件而使得所述滑行模式发生，其中该分离元件优选在该混合动力模块中保持闭合。如果一个第二电动机器在该动力传动系内可供使用的话，在这一运行状态下通过这一机器还可以形成一种电动行驶模式。
当该混合动力模块的第一电动机器是静止的，内燃发动机优选被启动，其结果是高扭矩可供使用。取决于启动动态特性，所述内燃发动机通过（尤其借助所述离合器元件）联接至与该离合器元件相连的变速器能够提高速度和/或进行动力学联接。
具体实施方式
本发明的目的通过下述1的特征实现。下述2-5是本发明的优选实施方案。
1.一种用于运行混合动力车辆的混合动力传动系的方法，其中，该动力传动系具有一个内燃发动机、一个第一电动机器、一个带有输入轴的变速器、一个分离元件、以及一个该混合动力车辆的第一车桥；其中，该内燃发动机与该第一电动机器一起被安排在该变速器的输入轴上，以便驱动该混合动力车辆的第一车桥，并且该内燃发动机能通过该分离元件而连接到该第一电动机器；其中，当该分离元件打开并且该内燃发动机静止时，在该内燃发动机与正在转动的该第一电动机器之间在所述分离元件处出现转速差；其中，在低于并且上至该分离元件处的一个最大容许转速差时，该分离元件是打开的，以便通过该第一电动机器来以纯电动方式驱动该混合动力车辆、或者制动所述混合动力车辆、或者允许其滑行，而高于该最大容许转速差时，该分离元件与该第一电动机器是彼此分离的。
2.如前述1所述的方法，其中，该变速器中的一个离合器元件被打开，以便使得该分离元件与该第一电动机器分离。
3.如前述1或2所述的方法，其中，该动力传动系具有该混合动力车辆的一个第二车桥以及用于驱动该第二车桥的至少一个第二电动机器，并且其中，在高于该分离元件处的最大容许转速差时，该混合动力车辆被该第二电动机器所驱动或制动。
4.如前述1至3之一所述的方法，其中，在该分离元件与该第一电动机器脱离连接的状态下，该分离元件是闭合的。
5.如前述1至4之一所述的方法，其中，在该第一电动机器静止时，将该内燃发动机启动，并且通过联接至该变速器提高速度和/或进行动力学联接。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于运行混合动力车辆的混合动力传动系的方法，其中，该动力传动系具有一个内燃发动机、一个第一电动机器、一个带有输入轴的变速器、一个分离元件、以及一个该混合动力车辆的第一车桥；其中，该内燃发动机与该第一电动机器一起被安排在该变速器的输入轴上，以便驱动该混合动力车辆的第一车桥，并且该内燃发动机能通过该分离元件而连接到该第一电动机器；其中，当该分离元件打开并且该内燃发动机静止时，在该内燃发动机与正在转动的该第一电动机器之间在所述分离元件处出现转速差；其中，在低于并且上至该分离元件处的一个最大容许转速差时，该分离元件是打开的，以便通过该第一电动机器来以纯电动方式驱动该混合动力车辆、或者制动所述混合动力车辆、或者允许其滑行，而高于该最大容许转速差时，该分离元件与该第一电动机器是彼此分离的。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，该变速器中的一个离合器元件被打开，以便使得该分离元件与该第一电动机器分离。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，该动力传动系具有该混合动力车辆的一个第二车桥以及用于驱动该第二车桥的至少一个第二电动机器，并且其中，在高于该分离元件处的最大容许转速差时，该混合动力车辆被该第二电动机器所驱动或制动。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，在该分离元件与该第一电动机器脱离连接的状态下，该分离元件是闭合的。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，在该第一电动机器静止时，将该内燃发动机启动，并且通过联接至该变速器提高速度和/或进行动力学联接。
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