CN102783411B - Bumble bee pollination seed production method of hot pepper cytoplasmic male sterile line - Google Patents
Bumble bee pollination seed production method of hot pepper cytoplasmic male sterile line Download PDFInfo
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- CN102783411B CN102783411B CN201210302551.4A CN201210302551A CN102783411B CN 102783411 B CN102783411 B CN 102783411B CN 201210302551 A CN201210302551 A CN 201210302551A CN 102783411 B CN102783411 B CN 102783411B
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Abstract
The invention provides a bumble bee pollination seed production method of hot pepper cytoplasmic male sterile line, comprising the steps of raising seedling; preparing soil and paving mulching films; building a net room or shed room; transplanting male parents and female parents to the net room or shed room; putting the bumble bees to the net room or shed room at this time; regulating flower quantity, because the bumble bees are used for pollinating, the male parents produce lots of fruits, the development speed of the fruits is accelerated and then the pollen for the male parents is supplied insufficiently, thus removing the fruits of the male parents in time so as to increase flower quantity of the male parents. The method replaces the artificial pollination with the bumble bee pollination, so that the method solves the contradict between labor intensity and insufficient labor during the seed production of hot pepper male sterile, simplifies pollination process, achieves annual seed production scale of the seed production in the net room, the shed and sunlight greenhouse, enables the hot pepper male sterile seed production to be in large scale production and annual, and has a profound significance in research and development of the seed production technology of the hot pepper cytoplasmic male sterile line in our country.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to male sterile line pollination seeding technique field, be specifically related to a kind of capsicum cytoplasmic male sterile line bumblebee pollination producing method for seed
Background technology
Artificial pollination is a key link in capsicum cytoplasmic male sterile line production of hybrid seeds work, conventionally will pass through following step: defloration-stripping pollen-dry pollen-sieve-artificial pollination, and the method program is numerous and diverse, recruitment is intensive, production cost is high; Human factor impact is larger, and particularly in the last few years, labour was seriously rare, made artificial pollination become restraining factors in male sterile line chilli seedling production of hybrid seeds work.China's male sterile line chilli seedling seed production way adopts solarium's breeding more at present, and the restriction of climate factor makes production of hybrid seeds small scale, and development speed is slow, has had a strong impact on the research and development of China's hot pepper male sterile seeding technique.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves: a kind of capsicum cytoplasmic male sterile line bumblebee pollination producing method for seed is provided; adopt bumblebee pollination to replace artificial pollination; solved the intensive contradiction with manpower shortage of recruitment in hot pepper male sterile production of hybrid seeds work; simplify pollination operation; realize the anniversary production of hybrid seeds scale of solarium's production of hybrid seeds, the booth production of hybrid seeds and the greenhouse by solar heat production of hybrid seeds; make hot pepper male sterile production of hybrid seeds scale, change throughout the year, the research and development of China's male sterile line chilli seedling seeding technique is had to far reaching significance.
The technical solution used in the present invention: capsicum cytoplasmic male sterile line bumblebee pollination producing method for seed, comprises the steps:
1) grow seedlings, according to male parent and maternal different growth characteristics, guarantee that male parent flower and flower of female parent can meet at the florescence, determine thus the different seeding and growing seedling phase of male parent and female parent;
2) whole ground lay mulch film, builds Huo Peng chamber, solarium;
3) transplant male parent and maternal to solarium or canopy indoor;
4) bumblebee is rendered to solarium or canopy is indoor;
5) flower amount regulates, and utilizes bumblebee pollination can cause male parent large result, and fruit development speed is accelerated, and causes paternal pollen under-supply, extracts in time male parent fruit to increase male parent flower amount.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in, while building Huo Peng chamber, solarium, check that the net of solarium or the film of canopy chamber must not have breakage, leak, and check that whether the gauze at canopy room ventilation mouth place is smooth, at joint part, must not have fold, avoid bumblebee to pierce and cause unnecessary death.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in, male parent and maternal cultivation ratio are 1:2, and cultivation mode is selected " banded alternate type " or " dislocation blossom type " pattern.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in, be chosen in the time-division at dusk, bumblebee case is moved into Huo Peng chamber, solarium middle position gently, and be placed on overhead on about 50 centimetres of high positions, make honeycomb door towards southeastern direction, be beneficial to receive sunlight, and push up with windproof, waterproof at bumblebee box cover, standing to early morning, open the nest door of bumblebee case.
Above-mentioned steps 4), in, the temperature of Huo Peng chamber, solarium is that 10-35 ℃, humidity are 50-90%.
Further, described " banded alternate type " cultivation mode, refers to a line male parent, and two row are maternal, alternate cultivation mode of planting; Described " dislocation blossom type " cultivation mode, refers to that every a line is with maternal alternate the planting of strain male parent two strains, and between adjacent two row, along the bearing of trend of row, dislocation 1/2 spacing in the rows, makes each strain male parent periphery have 6 strains maternal, so the cultivation mode of circulation.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in, the injected volume of bumblebee is 100 every mu, and how many gradation are thrown according to flower amount, and the flower amount that comes into bloom is less, first throws in 50 bumblebees, within 1-2 days, throws in 50 bumblebees before entering full-bloom stage again.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in, when bumblebee pollination time is above over 2 weeks, in beehive, carrying feed exhausts, now feed in time, guarantee the normal consumption of bee colony, extend pollination time, the method for feeding is that 50% liquid glucose is poured in dish or bowl, above liquid glucose, put several small woodens, be placed on and be convenient to bumblebee near bumblebee case and gather.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in, while using bumblebee, should remove in time, cut off the sick worm of Huo Peng chamber, solarium periphery source, guarantee the not infected damage by disease and insect of the indoor plant of solarium or canopy, while really needing medication, time-division is closed honeycomb door after bumblebee returns nest between the lights, take beehive out of Huo Peng chamber, solarium buffering two days, avoid bumblebee to touch agricultural chemicals.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in, between pollination period, the inner health of running check bumblebee case, clears up case lid internal water pearl, dead honeybee and ight soil in time, and with dry cotton cleaning, keeps bumblebee box house health.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art:
1, save time, laborsaving: pollination work is completed by bumblebee, without surplus labour force, has solved the intensive contradiction with manpower shortage of recruitment, has simplified pollination operation;
2, promote large-scale development: the application of the method can realize the long-term production of hybrid seeds scale of solarium's production of hybrid seeds, the booth production of hybrid seeds and the greenhouse by solar heat production of hybrid seeds, and the feature of saving of work and time, will impel China's hot pepper male sterile production of hybrid seeds large-scale development in addition;
3, preserve the ecological environment: use after bumblebee pollination, will bias toward consciously biological prevention, reduce the use of poisonous agricultural chemicals, thereby focus on increasing the use of low toxicity, efficient, safety pesticide, reduced the pollution of environment, protected ecotope;
4, reduce production costs: use this technology can per mu yield seed 23.81 kilograms, approximately 2690.48 yuan/mu of direct production costs, per kilogram seed need drop into approximately 113.00 yuan/kilogram of direct costs.Utilize 28.74 kilograms, artificial pollination per mu yield seed, approximately 13793.00 yuan/mu of direct production costs, per kilogram seed need drop into approximately 479.92 yuan/kilogram of direct costs.Utilize bumblebee to replace the artificial pollination production of hybrid seeds, per kilogram seed can be saved 366.92 yuan.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is male parent and female parent " banded alternate type " the cultivation mode structural representation in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is male parent and female parent " dislocation blossom type " the cultivation mode structural representation in the present invention.
Embodiment
Bumblebee belongs to Apidae bombus, is the important insect pollinator of a class, and its Pollination Characteristics comprises: pollination crop is extensive, has or not nectarous plant to be all applicable to; Adaptive temperature scope is large, all can normal activity 10-35 ℃ of scope; Have longer kiss, the crop pollination some to darker flower is more effective; Wet resistance is strong, and low temperature and high relative humidity also can gather on plant flower; There is no sensitive information exchanging system, can be attentively crop pollination; Long, individuality of life-span greatly, fine hair, collection power are strong from head to foot, visits flower speed fast, and the millions of grains of portability pollen are more effective than other honeybees to sweet powder source availability.Bumblebee pollination technology is mainly used in facilities vegetable, the production of fruit trees such as tomato, eggplant, pimento, cucumber, wax gourd, peach, apricot, cherry.Yet, the application of insect pollination technology in vegetables male sterile line production of hybrid seeds work, at present temporarily without report, particularly the pollination of capsicum cytoplasmic male sterile line bumblebee replaces research and the application of artificial pollination method, still belongs at home blank.
The invention provides a kind of capsicum cytoplasmic male sterile line bumblebee pollination producing method for seed, comprise the steps:
1) grow seedlings, according to male parent and maternal different growth characteristics, guarantee that male parent flower and flower of female parent can meet at the florescence, determine thus the different seeding and growing seedling phase of male parent and female parent;
2) whole ground lay mulch film, builds Huo Peng chamber, solarium; While building Huo Peng chamber, solarium, check that the net of solarium or the film of canopy chamber must not have breakage, leak, and check that whether the gauze at canopy room ventilation mouth place is smooth, at joint part, must not have fold, avoid bumblebee to pierce and cause unnecessary death.
3) transplant male parent and maternal to solarium or canopy indoor; Male parent and maternal cultivation ratio are 1:2, and cultivation mode is selected " banded alternate type " or " dislocation blossom type " pattern, and as depicted in figs. 1 and 2,1 represents male parent, and 2 represents female parent.Described " banded alternate type " cultivation mode, refers to a line male parent, and two row are maternal, alternate cultivation mode of planting; Described " dislocation blossom type " cultivation mode, refers to that every a line is with maternal alternate the planting of strain male parent two strains, and between adjacent two row, along the bearing of trend of row, dislocation 1/2 spacing in the rows, makes each strain male parent periphery have 6 strains maternal, so the cultivation mode of circulation.
4) bumblebee is rendered to solarium or canopy is indoor; Be chosen in the time-division at dusk, bumblebee case is moved into Huo Peng chamber, solarium middle position gently, and be placed on overhead on about 50 centimetres of high positions, make honeycomb door towards southeastern direction, be beneficial to receive sunlight, and on bumblebee box cover top with windproof, waterproof, standing to early morning, open the nest door of bumblebee case.
5) flower amount regulates, and utilizes bumblebee pollination, can cause male parent large result, and fruit development speed is accelerated, and causes paternal pollen under-supply, now extracts in time male parent fruit to increase male parent flower amount.
The management of solarium or canopy indoor temperature and humidity: the temperature of the suitable existence of bumblebee is that 10-35 ℃, humidity are 50-90%, and bumblebee can adapt to surrounding environment in 1～2 day after entering greenhouse, starts to visit flower.In use, will note aeration-coolingly in Greenhouse in summer, will guard against damp, be incubated winter.
Bumblebee is thrown in and management
1, injected volume: throw in bumblebee 2 casees (approximately 100) for every mu and be advisable, the input of bumblebee should be according to spending the how many gradation of amount to throw in, and the flower amount that comes into bloom is less, can first throw in one case bumblebee, enters front second case of throwing in again for 1-2 days of full-bloom stage.
2, release time and input mode: time-division between the lights, bumblebee case is moved into Huo Peng chamber, solarium central authorities appropriate location gently, be placed on overhead on about 50 centimetres of high positions, make honeycomb door towards southeastern direction, be beneficial to receive sunlight, and on bumblebee box cover top with windproof, waterproof, standing to early morning, open the nest door of beehive.
3, feed: when bumblebee pollination time is above over 2 weeks, in beehive, carries feed and just substantially exhaust, at this moment will feed in time, to guarantee the normal consumption of bee colony, extend pollination time.The method of feeding is: 50% syrup is poured in dish or bowl, put several small woodens above liquid glucose, be placed on and be convenient to bumblebee near beehive and gather.Initial stage is spent when few, can suitably feed and raise special-purpose pollen.
4, prevention pesticide poisoning.Bumblebee is the same with honeybee responsive especially to agricultural chemicals, and a small amount of agricultural chemicals will cause bumblebee dead.Between use bumblebee pollination period, to avoid using agricultural chemicals, particularly insecticide.Some bactericide also have lethality to bumblebee.Therefore, while using bumblebee, should remove in time, cut off all diseases of gauze booth periphery (worm) source, guarantee the not infected damage by disease and insect of plant in net canopy.While really needing medication, the time-division is closed honeycomb door after bumblebee returns nest between the lights, takes beehive out of canopy chamber buffering two days, to avoid bumblebee to touch agricultural chemicals.
5, clear up.Between pollination period, want running check bumblebee box house, clear up in time case lid internal water pearl, dead honeybee, ight soil etc., and with dry cotton cleaning, keep bumblebee box house health.
Above-described embodiment, is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not used for limiting the scope of the present invention, and the equivalence of being done with content described in the claims in the present invention therefore all changes, within all should being included in the claims in the present invention scope.
Claims (7)
1. capsicum cytoplasmic male sterile line bumblebee pollination producing method for seed, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) grow seedlings, according to male parent and maternal different growth characteristics, guarantee that male parent flower and flower of female parent can meet at the florescence, determine thus the different seeding and growing seedling phase of male parent and female parent;
2) whole ground lay mulch film, builds Huo Peng chamber, solarium;
3) transplant male parent and maternal to solarium or canopy indoor; Male parent and maternal cultivation ratio are 1:2, and cultivation mode is selected " banded alternate type " or " dislocation blossom type " pattern; Described " banded alternate type " cultivation mode, refers to a line male parent, and two row are maternal, alternate cultivation mode of planting; Described " dislocation blossom type " cultivation mode, refers to that every a line is with maternal alternate the planting of strain male parent two strains, and between adjacent two row, along the bearing of trend of row, dislocation 1/2 spacing in the rows, makes each strain male parent periphery have 6 strains maternal, so the cultivation mode of circulation;
4) bumblebee is rendered to solarium or canopy is indoor;
5) flower amount regulates, and bumblebee pollination can cause male parent large result, and fruit development speed is accelerated, and causes paternal pollen under-supply, extracts in time male parent fruit to increase male parent flower amount.
2. capsicum cytoplasmic male sterile line bumblebee according to claim 1 pollination producing method for seed, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned steps 2), while building Huo Peng chamber, solarium, check that the net of solarium or the film of canopy chamber must not have breakage, leak, and whether the gauze that checks canopy room ventilation mouth place is smooth, at joint part, must not there is fold, avoid bumblebee to pierce and cause unnecessary death.
3. capsicum cytoplasmic male sterile line bumblebee according to claim 1 pollination producing method for seed, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned steps 4), be chosen in the time-division at dusk, bumblebee case is moved into Huo Peng chamber, solarium middle position gently, and be placed on overhead on about 50 centimetres of high positions, make honeycomb door towards southeastern direction, be beneficial to receive sunlight, and on bumblebee box cover top with windproof, waterproof, standing to early morning, open the nest door of bumblebee case.
4. capsicum cytoplasmic male sterile line bumblebee according to claim 1 pollination producing method for seed, is characterized in that: above-mentioned steps 4), the temperature of Huo Peng chamber, solarium is that 10-35 ℃, humidity are 50-90%.
5. capsicum cytoplasmic male sterile line bumblebee according to claim 1 pollination producing method for seed, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned steps 4), the injected volume of bumblebee is 100 every mu, and how many gradation are thrown according to flower amount, the flower amount that comes into bloom is less, first throw in 50 bumblebees, enter and within 1-2 days, throw in again 50 bumblebees before full-bloom stage.
6. capsicum cytoplasmic male sterile line bumblebee according to claim 1 pollination producing method for seed, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned steps 4), while using bumblebee, should remove in time, cut off the sick worm of Huo Peng chamber, solarium periphery source, guarantee the not infected damage by disease and insect of the indoor plant of solarium or canopy, while really needing medication, time-division is closed honeycomb door after bumblebee returns nest between the lights, takes beehive out of Huo Peng chamber, solarium buffering two days, avoids bumblebee to touch agricultural chemicals.
7. capsicum cytoplasmic male sterile line bumblebee according to claim 1 pollination producing method for seed, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned steps 4), the inner health of running check bumblebee case between pollination period, clear up in time case lid internal water pearl, dead honeybee and ight soil, and with dry cotton cleaning, keep bumblebee box house health.
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| CN1397158A (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2003-02-19 | 江苏省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Technology for breeding male cytosterile line of hot pepper or pimento and preparing its seeds |
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| CN1397158A (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2003-02-19 | 江苏省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Technology for breeding male cytosterile line of hot pepper or pimento and preparing its seeds |
Non-Patent Citations (8)
| Title |
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| #8226 * |
| 地熊蜂授粉对重庆温室辣椒的影响;程尚等;《中国蜂业》;20101231;第61卷(第10期);第14页"1.2.2温室管理" * |
| 库玛等.辣椒雄性不育系天然异交授粉量研究.《辣椒杂志》.2003,(第1期),第50页"结论". |
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| 程尚等.地熊蜂授粉对重庆温室辣椒的影响.《中国蜂业》.2010,第61卷(第10期),第14页"1.2.2温室管理". |
| 辣椒雄性不育杂交种规模化制种技术探讨;陈斌等;《辣椒杂志》;20101231(第3期);第24-25页的"1.2 辣椒胞质型雄性不育杂交种规模化制种技术" * |
| 陈斌等.辣椒雄性不育杂交种规模化制种技术探讨.《辣椒杂志》.2010,(第3期),第24-25页的"1.2 辣椒胞质型雄性不育杂交种规模化制种技术". |
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