CN102783367A - Grafting seedling culture method for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt - Google Patents
Grafting seedling culture method for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt Download PDFInfo
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- CN102783367A CN102783367A CN2012102336145A CN201210233614A CN102783367A CN 102783367 A CN102783367 A CN 102783367A CN 2012102336145 A CN2012102336145 A CN 2012102336145A CN 201210233614 A CN201210233614 A CN 201210233614A CN 102783367 A CN102783367 A CN 102783367A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a grafting seedling culture method for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt. According to the method, wild big calabashes are adopted as stocks, cold-resistance disease-resistance high-sugar-content and high-yield watermelon varieties are adopted as watermelon cions, and a crossed inclined insertion method is adopted for grafting. The grafting culture method is adopted, the problem of watermelon fusarium wilt is solved, the consumption of pesticide in the growth process can be reduced, and the grafting seedling culture method conforms to the green and environment protection requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of graft technology, the particularly a kind of grafting breeding method that can effectively prevent and treat watermelon blight belongs to the graft seedling growth technical field.
Background technology
Watermelon is as one of important fruit and vegetable of China, and year consumption figure is very big.Since the nineties in 20th century, because the watermelon consumption busy season shifts to an earlier date and the sharp increase of winter-spring season watermelon consumption figure,, greatly promoted the development that watermelon is produced.Watermelon blight is one of the most serious soil-transmitted disease of current watermelon production harm; For many years; Watermelon blight becomes the main disease that threatens watermelon to produce, and annual withered pathogenetic area accounts for 30%～40% of the total area under cultivation of watermelon in the production, and is the most serious with second crop soil especially; Generally cause the underproduction more than 60%, weight person's full field total crop failure.Height resists or the improved seeds of high anti-watermelon blight owing to still lack, and the continuous cropping The yield of watermelon obviously descends, and fruit quality also obviously descends.Be prevention or the harm of minimizing watermelon blight, traditional way is that watermelon and other vegetables are carried out the crop rotation in 4～6 years.Though this method can alleviate the harm of watermelon blight, the crop rotation time is long, is not suitable for the requirement of watermelon specialization in production and industrialization.In addition, use agricultural chemicals in a large number, also do not meet the requirement of pollution-free food production.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of watermelon grafting breeding method that can effectively prevent and treat watermelon blight.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention has adopted a kind of grafting breeding method of preventing and treating watermelon blight, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) stock is selected wild big bottle gourd for use; The watermelon scion should be selected for use variety of watermelon cold-resistant, disease-resistant, that sugar content is high, output is high.
(2) grafting: adopt the oblique method of plant propagation with cutting of " ten " word, in coiling, take out the watermelon seedling earlier, again the growing point of stock is used the blade scraping; With long 10 cm, front end 0.7cm is whittled into flat and sharp bamboo let then, and is middle by a side direction opposite side at two cotyledons; With 30 ° of downward oblique cutting 0.7 cm, 2/3 of depth seedling stem section is extracted bamboo let; Melon seedling otch is injected the stock jack, and the cotyledon of stock and melon seedling is " ten " font, not fixedly wrapping.
The cucurbit seed was shone 3～4 days, put into 55 ℃ of water and do not stop to stir 15min, put into 20 ℃ of warm water, 13～14 h that soak seed again, pull out to dry behind the epidermis moisture to wrap and place vernalization under 30～35 ℃ of conditions with the cloth that totally wets; Eluriate 1～2 time with warm water during this time, 90% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can sow.
Watermelon seed was basked seeds 1 day, scald kind of a 5min, drop to below 30 ℃, rub with the hands and go kind of a skin mucus with 55 ℃ of warm water; With 1000 times in potassium permanganate seed soaking, 10～15 min, pull seed out after, dash with clear water and to select several times; Dry epidermis moisture, wrap with wet cloth behind the broken mouth, be placed on vernalization under 30 ℃ of conditions; Wait to sprout after 90%, sowing is in nutrient discs.
2～4 true leaves appear in rootstock seedling, and watermelon is emerged and carried out grafting in back 2～3 days.
The beneficial effect that method of the present invention has: utilize grafting cultivation method to solve the problem that watermelon blight takes place; Can reduce the use of agricultural chemicals in the process of growth, meet requirements of green environmental protection.
Embodiment
Through embodiment the present invention is done further describing below, be not limited thereto but hold within the present invention.
Stock is selected wild big bottle gourd for use, and choosing is fine shines the cucurbit seed 3～4 days, needs grain weight 5.25～7.50 kg/hm
2, put into 55 ℃ of water and do not stop to stir 15min, put into 20 ℃ of warm water, 13～14 h that soak seed again, pull out to dry behind the epidermis moisture to wrap and place vernalization under 30～35 ℃ of conditions with clean wet cloth.Eluriate 1～2 time with warm water during this time, 90% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can sow.The rootstock seedling nutritive soil preparation: the fertilizer 30% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, preceding stubble are not planted infertile field cucurbitaceous soil 70%, add biological potassium fertilizer 750g/ m
3, NPK 1 kg/ m
3The fine sowing in the morning of general choosing, stock seed early sowing 5～6 days.Daytime, room temperature was 30～35 ℃, 20～25 ℃ of nights, and Qi Miaohou, daytime, room temperature was about 25 ℃, and night, temperature was 20 ℃.The watermelon scion should be selected for use variety of watermelon cold-resistant, disease-resistant, that sugar content is high, output is high is like anti-No. 9 of U.S., No. 8, west farming etc.Select fine day to bask seeds 1 day, sowing quantity 750～1500 g/hm
2, scald kind of 5 min with 55 ℃ of warm water, drop to below 30 ℃, rub with the hands and go kind of a skin mucus, with 1000 times of seed soaking of potassium permanganate, 10～15min, pull seed out after, dash with clear water and to select several times, dry epidermis moisture, wrap with wet cloth after breaking mouth, be placed on vernalization under 30 ℃ of conditions.Wait to sprout after 90%, sowing is in nutrient discs.Before emerging, keep 30～35 ℃ daytime, 20 ℃ of nights.Should note diseases prevention after emerging, can spray 2 500 times of liquid controls of agricultural streptomycin bacterial angular leaf spot, eqpidemic disease, upright withered clever 400～600 times of liquid spray anti-damping off with dampinging off.
2～4 true leaves appear in rootstock seedling, and 2～3 d got final product grafting after watermelon was emerged.Adopt the oblique method of plant propagation with cutting of " ten " word, in coiling, take out the watermelon seedling earlier, again the growing point of stock is used the blade scraping; With long 10 cm, front end 0.7cm is whittled into flat and sharp bamboo let afterwards, and is middle by a side direction opposite side at two cotyledons; With 30 ° of downward oblique cutting 0.7 cm, 2/3 of depth seedling stem section is extracted bamboo let; Melon seedling otch is injected the stock jack, and the cotyledon of stock and melon seedling is " ten " font, not fixedly wrapping.Seedling after the grafting is put in the small arched shed, watered, epiphragma, shade, shade and use the sunshade net.Be to promote the interface healing, improve watermelon grafting survival rate, after the grafting 3～5 days, according to weather conditions shade, preserve moisture, be incubated, seedbed management such as ventilation.Preceding 3 days, all shaded in the seedbed and airtight plastic sheeting for farm use is preserved moisture, is incubated, and temperature remains on 22～28 ℃, guarantees the excessively wilting of melon seedling; The seedbed suitably ventilates and falls wetly after 3 days, throws off plastic sheeting for farm use after 7 days, and before 8: 00 every days, after 17: 00 afternoons, opens the thing printing opacity that shades, and only shades in the time of front and back high temperature high light at noon, prolongs the printing opacity time gradually later on.Remove covering after 10 days gradually, get into normal management; The big temperature difference is cultivated strong sprout, 25～30 ℃ of daytimes, 15～18 ℃ of the first half of the night, 11～13 ℃ after midnight after 12 days.After the grafting 10～20 days, in time erase the sprout tillers that stock grows.
Seedling length to 3～4 true leaf launches, and mid-May, soil temperature is stabilized in minimum 13 ℃, selects fine field planting.Preceding 15 days of field planting is watered site preparation and fertilization behind the water of vola, general organic fertilizer material 75t/hm before the field planting
2Or the good chicken manure 15t/hm that becomes thoroughly decomposed
2, two ammoniums, 750 kg/hm
2, colza cake 750 kg/hm become thoroughly decomposed
2, potash fertilizer 150 kg/hm
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 750 kg/hm
2, plough deeply 50cm.Do furrow, wide 2.0 m of furrow, the single file spacing in the rows 65cm that plants, 10d before the field planting is with the wide plastic mulching field planting of 1.2m.Preceding 3～5 days of field planting irrigates the cultivating watermelon ditch.Press the 65cm spacing in the rows and in the melon furrow, beat diameter 15cm, dark 20 cm field planting holes, remove nutritive cube, seedling is put into the hole, the earthing lid is real, waters.Spread with phoxim at the furrow face and to mix the poison bait control mole cricket that wheat bran processes.Keep 30 ℃ daytime before the slow seedling, and night is more than 15 ℃, 18 ℃ of ground temperature.On 25～28 ℃ of daytimes behind the slow seedling, at 12～25 ℃ of nights, ground temperature is more than 12 ℃.
Claims (4)
1. a grafting breeding method of preventing and treating watermelon blight is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) stock is selected wild big bottle gourd for use; The watermelon scion should be selected for use variety of watermelon cold-resistant, disease-resistant, that sugar content is high, output is high;
(2) grafting: adopt the oblique method of plant propagation with cutting of " ten " word, in coiling, take out the watermelon seedling earlier, again the growing point of stock is used the blade scraping; With long 10 cm, front end 0.7cm is whittled into flat and sharp bamboo let then, and is middle by a side direction opposite side at two cotyledons; With 30 ° of downward oblique cutting 0.7 cm, 2/3 of depth seedling stem section is extracted bamboo let; Melon seedling otch is injected the stock jack, and the cotyledon of stock and melon seedling is " ten " font, not fixedly wrapping.
2. the grafting breeding method of control watermelon blight according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the cucurbit seed was shone 3～4 days; Put into 55 ℃ of water and do not stop to stir 15min; Put into 20 ℃ of warm water, 13～14 h that soak seed again, pull out to dry behind the epidermis moisture to wrap and place vernalization under 30～35 ℃ of conditions with clean wet cloth; Eluriate 1～2 time with warm water during this time, 90% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can sow.
3. the grafting breeding method of control watermelon blight according to claim 1 is characterized in that: watermelon seed was basked seeds 1 day, scald kind of a 5min with 55 ℃ of warm water; Drop to below 30 ℃, rub with the hands and go kind of a skin mucus, with 1000 times of seed soaking of potassium permanganate, 10～15 min; After pulling seed out, towards selecting several times, dry epidermis moisture with clear water; Wrap with wet cloth behind the broken mouth, be placed on vernalization under 30 ℃ of conditions; Wait to sprout after 90%, sowing is in nutrient discs.
4. the grafting breeding method of control watermelon blight according to claim 1 is characterized in that: 2～4 true leaves appear in rootstock seedling, and watermelon is emerged and carried out grafting in back 2～3 days.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2012102336145A CN102783367A (en) | 2012-07-08 | 2012-07-08 | Grafting seedling culture method for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103270892A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-09-04 | 安徽科技学院 | Method for controlling peg grafting and grafting positions of watermelon top |
| CN103315004A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-09-25 | 安徽科技学院 | Method for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt |
| CN107371819A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-11-24 | 界首市民杰种植专业合作社 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings using cucurbit Grafted Watermelon |
-
2012
- 2012-07-08 CN CN2012102336145A patent/CN102783367A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103270892A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-09-04 | 安徽科技学院 | Method for controlling peg grafting and grafting positions of watermelon top |
| CN103315004A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-09-25 | 安徽科技学院 | Method for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt |
| CN107371819A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-11-24 | 界首市民杰种植专业合作社 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings using cucurbit Grafted Watermelon |
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Application publication date: 20121121 |