CN102770296B - 一种用于操作混合动力汽车的方法 - Google Patents

一种用于操作混合动力汽车的方法 Download PDF

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CN102770296B
CN102770296B CN201180007533.7A CN201180007533A CN102770296B CN 102770296 B CN102770296 B CN 102770296B CN 201180007533 A CN201180007533 A CN 201180007533A CN 102770296 B CN102770296 B CN 102770296B
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P·卡布斯
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q5/00—Arrangement or adaptation of acoustic signal devices
    • B60Q5/005—Arrangement or adaptation of acoustic signal devices automatically actuated
    • B60Q5/008—Arrangement or adaptation of acoustic signal devices automatically actuated for signaling silent vehicles, e.g. for warning that a hybrid or electric vehicle is approaching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q9/00—Arrangement or adaptation of signal devices not provided for in one of main groups B60Q1/00 - B60Q7/00, e.g. haptic signalling
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于操作具有至少一个电动机和至少一个内燃机的混合动力汽车、尤其是串联式混合动力汽车的方法，其中内燃机在汽车的至少一个第一工作范围（B，D）内尤其固定不变地运行并且在汽车的至少一个第二工作范围（A，C）内停用。为了实现稳定的不具有突变的背景噪声而提出，在第二工作范围（A，C）期间生成对应于内燃机的运行噪声（SC）的背景噪声（SB）。

Description

一种用于操作混合动力汽车的方法
本发明涉及一种用于操作具有至少一个电动机和至少一个内燃机的混合动力汽车、尤其是串联式混合动力汽车的方法，其中内燃机在汽车的至少一个第一工作范围内尤其固定不变地运行并且在汽车的至少一个第二工作范围内停用。本发明还涉及一种用于执行该方法的设备。
由电力驱动的汽车仅具有非常小的背景噪声。由此产生对于其他交通参与者、尤其是行人和骑自行车的人而言有限的声音可感知性。另一缺点在于，驾驶员仅获得不充足的关于汽车行驶状态的声音反馈。在具有可顺次激活的内燃机的混合动力汽车的情形中，如果内燃机以固定不变的方式运行，则将得到意料不到的不可预测的与行驶状态无关的声音。
从公开文献US 7,501,934B、WO 08/024361A1、EP 1731372A1、JP07-322403A、JP 06-296400A、WO 00/12354A1、EP 753752A1和US 5,635,903A已知，在电动汽车的运行期间播放内燃机的所存储的发动机噪声，其中取决于运行方式地产生声音。
本发明的任务在于，在具有不连续运行的内燃机的混合动力汽车中，在避免声音的突然变化的情况下实现稳定的声音发射。
根据本发明，这是通过以下方式达成的：在第二工作范围期间人工地生成对应于内燃机的运行噪声的背景噪声。
在此优选地提出，在第一工作范围期间关闭背景噪声。在此，有利地以数字方式生成背景噪声。
为了避免不具有突变的均匀的声音发射，至少分段地以相反的方式动态地向内燃机的运行噪声馈送背景噪声是有利的。
在本发明的改进方案中可以提出，在人工生成的背景噪声和和内燃机的运行噪声上叠加人工地、优选以数字方式生成的行驶噪声，其中根据行驶速度和/或电动机的转速和/或加速踏板位置和/或负载力矩来生成该行驶噪声。通过将取决于行驶状况的行驶噪声与背景噪声叠加，驾驶员如在常规的利用内燃机驱动的汽车中那样获得负载状态和转速状态的反馈。背景噪声和/或行驶噪声可以在汽车的乘客车厢内部或外部发射。
当内燃机停用时，通过声音生成装置经由可以布置在汽车外部和/或内部的一个或多个扬声器来播放所存储的内燃机的背景噪声，其中可以根据至少一个运行参数来改变声音响度。例如，如果距离激活内燃机还为时尚早，则可以激活较小的声音响度。另一方面，如果即将要激活内燃机，则可以增大原始声音响度。由于内燃机通常是在低于可充电电池的已定义的最小充电状态时激活的，因而电池充电状态可被用作关于声音响度的参数。
当内燃机起动时，声音生成装置停用并且被内燃机实际的运行噪声取代。相反，在内燃机关闭时，再次激活声音生成装置（必要时相应地调节声音响度）。由此得到类似的汽车背景噪声，其中对内燃机的激活和停用保持为在声音上是不易察觉的。
数字生成的噪声还可部分地用于消除内燃机的一部分运行噪声（有源消声）。为了达成此举而提出，在第一工作范围期间与内燃机的运行噪声反相地发射背景噪声。
以下根据附图详细说明本发明。附图示出：
图1示出混合动力汽车的运行图；以及
图2示出图1的细节II。
图1示出一图示，其中为一实施例在时间t上示出了行驶速度v、内燃机的运行噪声SC、人工生成的背景噪声SB和人工生成的行驶噪声SD。用RE开来表示内燃机的激活时刻，并且用RE关来表示内燃机的停用时刻。
在汽车的第一工作范围B、D内激活内燃机并且产生对应于负载状态的运行噪声SC，其中在工作范围D内的运行噪声SC大于工作范围B内的运行噪声SC。在汽车的第二工作范围A和C内停用内燃机并且因此不产生噪声。在这些工作范围内，通过声音生成装置生成人工噪声SB，该人工噪声SB在质量和声级上大致对应于内燃机的运行噪声SC。由此得到类似的汽车运行噪声，其中对内燃机的激活和停用保持为在声音上是不易察觉的。
如果内燃机具有多个带有不同声级的工作点，如图1中在工作范围B和D中所示出的，则人工的背景噪声SB可与内燃机的运行噪声SC的不同声级相匹配，这如通过背景噪声的声级On声级1和On声级2所指出的。
为了向驾驶员提供平滑的声音发射，可以按相反的方式向内燃机的运行噪声SC馈送背景噪声SB，这如图2中所示。由此避免噪声发射中的尖峰和分层次。
为了提供关于行驶状态的声音反馈，可以将背景噪声SB与人工生成的行驶噪声SD叠加，其中行驶状况可以通过行驶速度v和/或电动机的转速、加速踏板位置、转矩等来表征。由此，驾驶员如在常规的通过内燃机驱动的汽车中那样获得关于当前行驶状态的声音反馈。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于操作具有至少一个电动机和至少一个内燃机的混合动力汽车的方法，其中所述内燃机在所述汽车的至少一个第一工作范围(B，D)内运行并且在所述汽车的至少一个第二工作范围(A，C)内停用，在所述第二工作范围(A，C)期间人工地生成对应于所述内燃机的运行噪声(SC)的背景噪声(SB)，其特征在于，至少分段地以相反的方式动态地向所述内燃机的所述运行噪声(SC)馈送所述背景噪声(SB)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一工作范围(B，D)期间关闭所述背景噪声(SB)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述背景噪声(SB)是以数字方式生成的。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，根据至少一个参数来改变所述背景噪声(SB)和/或行驶噪声(SD)。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，根据电储能器的充电状态来改变所述背景噪声(SB)和/或行驶噪声(SD)。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述人工生成的背景噪声(SB)和所述内燃机的所述运行噪声(SC)上叠加人工地生成的行驶噪声(SD)，其中所述行驶噪声(SD)是根据行驶速度(v)和/或所述电动机的转速和/或加速踏板位置和/或负载力矩生成的。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述人工地生成的行驶噪声(SD)是以数字方式生成的。
8.如权利要4或6所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述汽车的内部空间内发射所述背景噪声(SB)和/或所述行驶噪声(SD)。
9.如权利要求4或6所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述汽车外部发射所述背景噪声(SB)和/或所述行驶噪声(SD)。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一工作范围(B，D)期间，与所述内燃机的所述运行噪声(SC)反相地发射所述背景噪声(SB)。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，其中所述内燃机在所述汽车的至少一个第一工作范围(B，D)内固定不变地运行。
12.一种用于执行根据权利要求1到2中任一项所述的用于操作具有至少一个电动机和至少一个内燃机的混合动力汽车的方法的设备，其中所述内燃机能在所述汽车的至少一个第一工作范围(B，D)内运行并且能在所述汽车的至少一个第二工作范围(A，C)内停用，所述设备具有声音发射装置、合成声音生成装置和控制装置，其中所述控制装置具有用于所述内燃机的至少一个运行参数的输入端，并且其中所述合成声音生成装置能根据所述运行参数由所述控制装置激活和停用，在所述第二工作范围(A，C)期间人工地生成对应于所述内燃机的运行噪声(SC)的背景噪声(SB)，其特征在于，至少分段地以相反的方式动态地向所述内燃机的所述运行噪声(SC)馈送所述背景噪声(SB)。
13.如权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，所述控制装置具有用于所述汽车的至少一个运行参数的输入端，其中所述声音生成装置能根据所述汽车的所述运行参数由所述控制装置控制。
14.如权利要求12或13所述的设备，其特征在于，所述声音生成装置通向所述汽车的内部空间。
15.如权利要求12或13所述的设备，其特征在于，所述声音生成装置布置在所述汽车外部。
16.如权利要求12或13所述的设备，其特征在于，所述混合动力汽车是串联式混合动力汽车。
CN201180007533.7A 2010-01-28 2011-01-28 一种用于操作混合动力汽车的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN102770296B (zh)

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US20130022215A1 (en) 2013-01-24
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