CN102732265B - 用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物 - Google Patents

用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物 Download PDF

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CN102732265B
CN102732265B CN201210198996.2A CN201210198996A CN102732265B CN 102732265 B CN102732265 B CN 102732265B CN 201210198996 A CN201210198996 A CN 201210198996A CN 102732265 B CN102732265 B CN 102732265B
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钟新辉
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TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物,所述液晶介质组合物包括如下组分:负型液晶材料、稳定剂、及两种或两种以上可在紫外光照射下发生聚合反应的可聚合单体;所述可聚合单体按重量份计算占液晶介质组合物总量的0.1%-1%;所述可聚合单体的结构通式由单个苯环、两个苯环、或单个萘环构成,该两个苯环结构由两个苯环直接连接或通过一个基团间接连接构成,所述苯环和萘环上直接连接至少有一个可聚合基团。在该液晶介质组合物中,通过采用两种或两种以上可在紫外光照射下发生聚合反应的可聚合单体以及合适配比,可以聚合反应得到尺寸较小、均匀性好的聚合物突起物,避免了液晶配向不良、液晶面板暗态亮点现象的发生,从而使液晶面板响应速度变快并获得高对比度。

Description

用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及液晶显示技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物。
背景技术
扭曲向列型(Twisted nematic,TN)或超扭曲向列型(Super twisted nematic,STN)液晶显示器所用的液晶为正型液晶,未加电时液晶分子长轴平行于基板表面排列。基板表面液晶分子的排列方向由配向层(Alignment layer,材质通常为聚酰亚胺)的摩擦方向决定,两基板表面配向方向垂直,所以从一个基板表面到另一个基板表面,液晶层的分子呈连续扭转排列状态。当施加电压之后,液晶分子的长轴将倾向于沿电场的方向排列。TN/STN型液晶显示器的缺点是可视角小,在大视角下的亮度差异和色差严重,需要通过补偿膜对此进行改善,从而提高了显示器的制造成本。
多域垂直配向(Multi-domain vertical alignment,MVA)型TFT-LCD很好的解决了TN/STN显示器视角限制的问题,它采用负型液晶与垂直配向膜材料。未施加电压时,液晶分子长轴均垂直于基板表面,施加电压会使液晶分子倾倒,液晶分子长轴倾向于沿垂直电场方向排列。为了解决视角问题,一个亚像素被分成多个区域,使液晶分子朝不同的方向倾倒,让显示器从不同的方向看到的效果趋于一致。在一个亚像素内使不同区域的液晶分子导向不同的方向有多种方法。如图1A所示,第一种是通过曝光显影的方法在上、下玻璃基板102、103制作出聚合物突起物(bump)108,使聚合物突起物108周围的液晶分子产生一定的预倾角,引导液晶分子106朝固定方向倾倒。如图2B所示,第二种是在上、下玻璃基板302、303上的ITO像素电极204形成具有一定图案,由此产生的电场具有一定的倾斜角度,从而控制不同区域的液晶分子306的导向,此技术被称为图像垂直配向(Patterned vertical alignment,PVA)技术。如图2所示,第三种是在下玻璃基板500的TFT侧形成ITO裂缝(slit)501,而上玻璃基板502的ITO为完整的,在液晶介质中添加可聚合的单体(monomer)508,先通过电场使液晶分子506倾倒,同时用紫外光照射面板使单体聚合形成具有引导液晶分子倾倒的聚合物突起物510,沉积在上、下玻璃基板500、502表面起到配向的作用,这种技术成为聚合物稳定垂直配向(Polymer stabilized verticalalignment,以下简称PSVA)技术。
PSVA技术中聚合物突起物的形成过程为一相分离过程,单体未聚合之前为小分子,与液晶介质具有较好的相容性,当单体在紫外光照射下发生聚合反应,形成高分子时便从液晶介质中分离出来,形成不溶于液晶介质的聚合物突起物,此即为具有配向作用的聚合物突起物。但是,在现有技术中均未涉及如何控制可聚合单体(RM)的聚合程度与聚合物颗粒的大小,而这一性质对面板的配向效果与光学表现有重大的影响。以现用的材料为例,如果光照强度过小的话,RM反应速度慢,制程时间太长;光照强度太大的话,RM反应速度过快,容易形成较大的聚合物颗粒,使液晶配向不良,并形成碎亮点,造成暗态漏光,降低对比度。因此,PSVA技术的关键是控制单体的反应,使其形成大小合适且分布均匀的突起物,避免了液晶配向不良、液晶面板暗态亮点现象的发生,以此获得面板良好的光学表现,如高对比度和快响应速度等。
参见图3-5,目前所用的技术中,通常只采用一种单体,往往容易出现不良的情况,如光照条件的改变容易出现较大颗粒的突起物,使PSVA面板产生在暗态下可见的碎亮点,使面板的对比度下降。因此,PSVA技术的液晶介质组合物还有待进一步改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物,通过该液晶介质组合物中含有的两种或两种以上的可在紫外光照射下发生聚合反应的可聚合单体,可以控制聚合反应形成聚合物突起物的大小和均匀性,避免了液晶配向不良、液晶面板暗态亮点现象的发生,以此使得液晶面板获得好的光学表现。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物,所述液晶介质组合物包括如下组分:负型液晶材料、稳定剂、及两种或两种以上可在紫外光照射下发生聚合反应的可聚合单体;所述可聚合单体按重量份计算占液晶介质组合物总量的0.1%-1%;所述可聚合单体的结构通式由单个苯环、两个苯环、或单个萘环构成,该两个苯环结构由两个苯环直接连接或通过一个基团间接连接构成,所述苯环和萘环上直接连接至少有一个可聚合基团。
所述两种或两种以上的可聚合单体的结构通式为如下所示结构通式中的至少一种,当该两种或两种以上的可聚合单体的结构通式相同时,其基团个数不同:
式I
Figure BDA00001773405500031
式II
Figure BDA00001773405500032
式III
Figure BDA00001773405500033
式IV
Figure BDA00001773405500041
式I至IV中,P代表可聚合基团,其选自甲基丙烯酸酯基、丙烯酸酯基、乙烯基、乙烯氧基、及环氧基中的至少一种;n为连接于同一个芳香环上的可聚合基团P的个数,n为1-3的整数,如果n大于1,可聚合基团可以相同或不同;X代表取代基团,其选自-F,-Cl,-Br、甲基、-CN、及2-8个碳原子构成的直链或支链烷基中的至少一种,该烷基中非相邻的一个或多个甲基可被氧或硫原子取代;m为连接于同一个芳香环上的取代基团X的个数,m为1-3的整数,如果m大于1,取代基团可以相同或不同;n+m小于同一个芳香环上可连接的基团个数;式IV中的Z为-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2O-、-O(CH2)2O-、-COCH2-、亚甲基、-C≡C-、
Figure BDA00001773405500042
Figure BDA00001773405500043
所述可聚合单体的结构通式中的任意芳香环上的氢原子可以被如下基团取代:-F、-Cl、-Br、甲基、或-CN。
所述可聚合单体的结构通式中的任意非芳香环上的氢原子可以被如下基团取代:-F、-Cl、-Br、或甲基。
所述负型液晶材料包括至少一种液晶分子,其结构通式如下:
Figure BDA00001773405500044
其中,
Figure BDA00001773405500045
Figure BDA00001773405500046
Figure BDA00001773405500047
X表示连接在环结构上的取代基团,其选自-H、-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-CN、及-NO2中的至少一种;n为1-4的整数,不同环结构上的n可以相同或不同,若n>1,所述多个取代基团X相同或不同;Y1与Y2分别为-R、-O-R、-CO-R、-OCO-R、-COO-R、或-(OCH2CH2)n1CH3,R代表1-12个碳原子组成的直链或支链烷基,n1为1-5的整数,所述Y1与Y2相同或不同。
所述稳定剂包括至少一种稳定剂分子,其结构通式如下:
Figure BDA00001773405500051
其中,R1为1-9个碳原子的直链或支链烷基中的至少一种,n为1-4的整数,当n>1,多个取代基团R1相同或不同;R2代表1-36个碳原子的直链或支链烷基;L为碳碳单键、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2O-、-O(CH2)2O-、-COCH2-、或亚甲基。
所述两种或两种以上的可聚合单体具体选自如下所示结构式中的两种或三种:
式V
Figure BDA00001773405500052
式VI
Figure BDA00001773405500053
式VII
Figure BDA00001773405500061
式V中,X为-F或-CN;式VI和式VII中,Z为-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2O-、-O(CH2)2O-、-COCH2-、亚甲基、-C≡C-、
Figure BDA00001773405500062
Figure BDA00001773405500063
所述两种或三种的可聚合单体中任何一种可聚合单体的含量占可聚合单体总含量的摩尔比例低于或等于98%。
所述负型液晶材料具体为:
Figure BDA00001773405500065
上述结构式中,R为1-9个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,烷基中非相邻的一个或多个甲基或亚甲基可被氧或硫原子取代;所述负型液晶材料的重量含量在液晶介质组合物中所占比例为20%至90%。
所述稳定剂具体为包含至少一种如下结构式的稳定剂:
Figure BDA00001773405500071
其中,R为1-30个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,烷基中非相邻的一个或多个甲基或亚甲基可被氧或硫原子取代。
所述稳定剂的重量含量在液晶介质组合物中所占的比例小于1%。
本发明的有益效果:所述用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物中,通过两种或两种以上可在紫外光照射下发生聚合反应的可聚合单体及其合适配比,可以聚合反应得到尺寸较小、均匀性好的聚合物突起物,避免了液晶配向不良、液晶面板暗态亮点现象的发生,从而使液晶面板响应速度变快并获得高对比度。
为了能更进一步了解本发明的特征以及技术内容,请参阅以下有关本发明的详细说明与附图,然而附图仅提供参考与说明用,并非用来对本发明加以限制。
附图说明
下面结合附图,通过对本发明的具体实施方式详细描述,将使本发明的技术方案及其它有益效果显而易见。
附图中,
图1A为曝光显影技术制成的液晶显示装置中液晶配向后液晶介质层的状态示意图;
图1B为图像垂直配向技术制成的液晶显示装置中液晶配向后液晶介质层的状态示意图;
图2为聚合物稳定垂直配向技术制成的液晶显示装置中液晶配向过程示意图;
图3-5分别为液晶显示装置的液晶介质组合物中使用一种不同的可聚合单体生成的聚合物突起物的型态;
图6为本发明一实施例的用于液晶显示装置的液晶介质组合物中,混合使用两种可聚合单体时生成的聚合物突起物的型态。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明所采取的技术手段及其效果,以下结合本发明的优选实施例及其附图进行详细描述。
本发明提供一种用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物,所述液晶介质组合物包括如下组分:负型液晶材料、稳定剂、及两种或两种以上可在紫外光照射下发生聚合反应的可聚合单体;所述可聚合单体按重量份计算占液晶介质组合物总量的0.1%-1%;所述可聚合单体的结构通式由单个苯环、两个苯环、或单个萘环构成,该两个苯环结构由两个苯环直接连接或通过一个基团间接连接构成,所述苯环和萘环上直接连接至少有一个可聚合基团。
所述两种或两种以上的可聚合单体的结构通式为如下所示结构通式中的至少一种,当该两种或两种以上的可聚合单体的结构通式相同时,其基团个数不同:
式I
Figure BDA00001773405500081
式II
Figure BDA00001773405500082
式III
Figure BDA00001773405500091
式IV
式I至IV中,P代表可聚合基团,其选自甲基丙烯酸酯基、丙烯酸酯基、乙烯基、乙烯氧基、及环氧基中的至少一种;n为连接于同一个芳香环上的可聚合基团P的个数,n为1-3的整数,如果n大于1,可聚合基团可以相同或不同。可聚合基团P直接与苯环结构相连,无间隔基团;而且一个苯环上可同时连接多个聚合基团;X代表取代基团,其选自-F,-Cl,-Br、甲基、-CN、及2-8个碳原子构成的直链或支链烷基中的至少一种,该烷基中非相邻的一个或多个甲基可被氧或硫原子取代;m为连接于同一个芳香环上的取代基团X的个数,m为1-3的整数,如果m大于1,取代基团可以相同或不同;n+m小于同一个芳香环上可连接的基团个数;式IV中的Z为-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2O-、-O(CH2)2O-、-COCH2-、亚甲基、-C≡C-、
Figure BDA00001773405500093
Figure BDA00001773405500094
所述可聚合单体的结构通式中的任意芳香环上的氢原子可以被如下基团取代:-F、-Cl、-Br、甲基、或-CN。
所述可聚合单体的结构通式中的任意非芳香环上的氢原子可以被如下基团取代:-F、-Cl、-Br、或甲基。
所述负型液晶材料包括至少一种液晶分子,其结构通式如下:
Figure BDA00001773405500101
其中,
Figure BDA00001773405500102
Figure BDA00001773405500104
X表示连接在环结构上的取代基团,其选自-H、-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-CN、及-NO2中的至少一种;n为1-4的整数,不同环结构上的n可以相同或不同,若n>1,所述多个取代基团X相同或不同;Y1与Y2分别为-R、-O-R、-CO-R、-OCO-R、-COO-R、或-(OCH2CH2)n1CH3,R代表1-12个碳原子组成的直链或支链烷基,n1为1-5的整数,所述Y1与Y2相同或不同。
所述稳定剂包括至少一种稳定剂分子,其结构通式如下:
Figure BDA00001773405500105
其中,R1为1-9个碳原子的直链或支链烷基中的至少一种,n为1-4的整数,当n>1,多个取代基团R1相同或不同;R2代表1-36个碳原子的直链或支链烷基;L为碳碳单键、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2O-、-O(CH2)2O-、-COCH2-、或亚甲基。
所述两种或两种以上的可聚合单体具体选自如下所示结构式中的两种或三种:
式V
Figure BDA00001773405500106
式VI
Figure BDA00001773405500111
式VII
Figure BDA00001773405500112
式V中,X为-F或-CN;式VI和式VII中,Z为-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2O-、-O(CH2)2O-、-COCH2-、亚甲基、-C≡C-、
Figure BDA00001773405500113
Figure BDA00001773405500114
所述两种或三种的可聚合单体中任何一种可聚合单体的含量占可聚合单体总含量的摩尔比例低于或等于98%。
所述负型液晶材料具体为:
Figure BDA00001773405500115
Figure BDA00001773405500121
上述结构式中,R为1-9个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,烷基中非相邻的一个或多个甲基或亚甲基可被氧或硫原子取代;所述负型液晶材料的重量含量在液晶介质组合物中所占比例为20%至90%。
所述稳定剂具体为包含至少一种如下结构式的稳定剂:
其中,R为1-30个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,烷基中非相邻的一个或多个甲基或亚甲基可被氧或硫原子取代。所述稳定剂的重量含量在液晶介质组合物中所占的比例小于1%。
下面通过具体实施例,说明本发明实施方式。
实施例1:
所述液晶介质组合物采用负型液晶材料、稳定剂、及两种可聚合单体,具体如下:
负型液晶材料的结构式为
Figure BDA00001773405500131
稳定剂的结构式为
Figure BDA00001773405500132
两种可聚合单体分别为RM-A1与RM-B1,RM-A1的结构式如下所示:
Figure BDA00001773405500133
RM-B1的结构式如下所示:
RM-A1与RM-B1的摩尔比是1∶5,两者的总含量占液晶介质层的3000ppm。液晶介质组合物中,混合使用RM-A1和RM-B1生成的聚合物bump的尺寸小、均匀,参见图6,不存在暗态亮光现象。
实施例2:
本实施例液晶介质组合物采用的负型液晶材料与稳定剂与实施例1相同;而两种可聚合单体分别为RM-A2与RM-B2,RM-A2的结构式如下所示:
Figure BDA00001773405500141
RM-B2的结构式如下所示:
Figure BDA00001773405500142
RM-A2与RM-B2的摩尔比是2∶5,两者的总含量占液晶介质层的3000ppm。液晶介质组合物中,混合使用RM-A2和RM-B2生成的聚合物bump的尺寸小、均匀,不存在暗态亮光现象。
实施例3:
本实施例液晶介质组合物采用的负型液晶材料与稳定剂与实施例1相同;而两种可聚合单体分别为RM-A3与RM-B3,RM-A3的结构式如下所示:
Figure BDA00001773405500143
RM-B3的结构式如下所示:
Figure BDA00001773405500151
RM-A3与RM-B3的摩尔比是4∶1,两者的总含量占液晶介质层的2500ppm。液晶介质组合物中,混合使用RM-A3和RM-B3生成的聚合物bump的尺寸小、均匀,不存在暗态亮光现象。
综上所述,本发明所述的用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物,通过该液晶介质组合物中含有的两种或两种以上可在紫外光照射下发生聚合反应的可聚合单体以及合适配比,可以控制聚合反应形成聚合物突起物的大小和均匀性,避免了液晶配向不良、液晶面板暗态亮点现象的发生,以此使得液晶面板获得好的光学表现,如高对比度和高响应速度。
以上所述,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,可以根据本发明的技术方案和技术构思作出其他各种相应的改变和变形,而所有这些改变和变形都应属于本发明权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物,其特征在于,所述液晶介质组合物包括如下组分:负型液晶材料、稳定剂、及两种或两种以上可在紫外光照射下发生聚合反应的可聚合单体;所述可聚合单体按重量份计算占所述液晶介质组合物总量的0.1%-1%;所述两种或两种以上的可聚合单体的结构通式为如下所示结构通式中的至少一种,当该两种或两种以上的可聚合单体的结构通式相同时,其基团个数不同:
式I
Figure FDA0000410200160000011
式II
Figure FDA0000410200160000012
式III
Figure FDA0000410200160000013
式IV
Figure FDA0000410200160000021
式I至IV中,P代表可聚合基团,其选自甲基丙烯酸酯基、丙烯酸酯基、乙烯基、乙烯氧基、及环氧基中的至少一种;n为连接于同一个芳香环上的可聚合基团P的个数,n为1-3的整数,如果n大于1,可聚合基团可以相同或不同;X代表取代基团,其选自-F,-Cl,-Br、甲基、-CN、及2-8个碳原子构成的直链或支链烷基中的至少一种,该烷基中非相邻的一个或多个甲基可被氧或硫原子取代;m为连接于同一个芳香环上的取代基团X的个数,m为1-3的整数,如果m大于1,取代基团可以相同或不同;n+m小于同一个芳香环上可连接的基团个数;
式IV中的Z为-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2O-、-O(CH2)2O-、-COCH2-、亚甲基、-C≡C-、
Figure FDA0000410200160000023
所述稳定剂的重量含量在液晶介质组合物中所占的比例小于1%;
所述稳定剂包括至少一种稳定剂分子,其结构通式如下:
Figure FDA0000410200160000024
其中,R1为1-9个碳原子的直链或支链烷基中的至少一种,n为1-4的整数,当n>1,多个取代基团R1相同或不同;R2代表1-36个碳原子的直链或支链烷基;L为碳碳单键、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2O-、-O(CH2)2O-、-COCH2-、或亚甲基。
2.如权利要求1所述用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物,其特征在于,所述可聚合单体的结构通式中的任意芳香环上的氢原子可以被如下基团取代:-F、-Cl、-Br、甲基、或-CN。
3.如权利要求1所述用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物,其特征在于,所述可聚合单体的结构通式中任意非芳香环上的氢原子可以被如下基团取代:-F、-Cl、-Br、或甲基。
4.如权利要求1所述用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物,其特征在于,所述负型液晶材料包括至少一种液晶分子,其结构通式如下:
Figure FDA0000410200160000031
其中,
Figure FDA0000410200160000032
Figure FDA0000410200160000033
Figure FDA0000410200160000034
X表示连接在环结构上的取代基团,其选自-H、-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-CN、及-NO2中的至少一种;n为1-4的整数,不同环结构上的n可以相同或不同,若n>1,所述多个取代基团X相同或不同;Y1与Y2分别为-R、-O-R、-CO-R、-OCO-R、-COO-R、或-(OCH2CH2)n1CH3,其中R代表1-12个碳原子组成的直链或支链烷基,n1为1-5的整数,所述Y1与Y2相同或不同。
5.如权利要求1所述用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物,其特征在于,所述两种或两种以上的可聚合单体具体选自如下所示结构式中的两种或三种:
式V
Figure FDA0000410200160000035
式VI
Figure FDA0000410200160000036
式VII
Figure FDA0000410200160000041
式V中,X为-F或-CN;式VI和式VII中,Z为-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2O-、-O(CH2)2O-、-COCH2-、亚甲基、-C≡C-、
Figure FDA0000410200160000042
Figure FDA0000410200160000043
所述两种或三种的可聚合单体中任何一种可聚合单体的含量占可聚合单体总含量的摩尔比例低于或等于98%。
6.如权利要求4所述用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物,其特征在于,所述负型液晶材料具体为:
Figure FDA0000410200160000045
上述结构式中,R为1-9个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,烷基中非相邻的一个或多个甲基或亚甲基可被氧或硫原子取代;所述负型液晶材料的重量含量在液晶介质组合物中所占比例为20%至90%。
7.如权利要求1所述用于液晶显示器的液晶介质组合物,其特征在于,所述稳定剂具体为包含至少一种如下结构式的稳定剂:
其中,R为1-30个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,烷基中非相邻的一个或多个甲基或亚甲基可被氧或硫原子取代。
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