CN102731772A - 喜树碱类化合物的聚乙二醇化衍生物 - Google Patents

喜树碱类化合物的聚乙二醇化衍生物 Download PDF

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CN102731772A
CN102731772A CN2011100942752A CN201110094275A CN102731772A CN 102731772 A CN102731772 A CN 102731772A CN 2011100942752 A CN2011100942752 A CN 2011100942752A CN 201110094275 A CN201110094275 A CN 201110094275A CN 102731772 A CN102731772 A CN 102731772A
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刘克良
李思成
余晓军
冯思良
梁远军
贾启燕
韩寒
孟庆斌
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Chengdu Yiping Medical Technology Dev Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及喜树碱类化合物的聚乙二醇化衍生物,其制备方法,含有它们的药物组合物,及其在抗肿瘤等方面的用途。

Description

喜树碱类化合物的聚乙二醇化衍生物
发明领域
本发明涉及喜树碱类化合物,特别是喜树碱、10-羟基喜树碱和10-甲氧基喜树碱的聚乙二醇化合物,及其在制备抗肿瘤等相关作用药物中的用途。 
背景技术
喜树碱(Camptothecin,CPT,式1)是从珙桐科植物喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)中分离得到的一种天然产物。自从Wall等在1966年报道了这个化合物之后,70年代初即由于其优异的抗癌活性被引入临床。考虑到喜树碱在水中基本不溶,使用其羧酸酯形式(式1)作为临床活性组分。在临床实验中,出现了诸如腹泻、出血性膀胱炎等严重药物副反应,以致于不得不终止临床实验。 
Figure BDA0000055464730000011
式1喜树碱的内酯和羧酸酯形式 
在80年代,发现了拓扑异构酶I(Topo I)是CPT分子的唯一结合目标,而Topo I在DNA的复制中具有决定性的作用。 
Topo I在DNA复制过程中形成一个暂时性单链缺口,使得双螺旋结构的半保留复制顺利进行。这个过程中,形成了Topo I-DNA二元复合物。CPT及其衍生物可以在DNA复制的S期与Topo I-DNA复合物特异性结合,最终形成一个不可逆的Topo I-CPT-DNA三元复合物,终止了DNA的复制,最终导致细胞死亡。这个机理已被实验证实,三元复合物的单晶结构也已经得到(PNAS,2002,15387)。 另外,文章也指出,CPT在这个三元复合物中,起着类似于一个碱基对的作用。从而,对于CPT的修饰产物在空间上的位阻将大为降低。 
由于抑制肿瘤细胞拓扑异构酶I的独特作用机制,喜树碱已经成为抗肿瘤药物开发的重点,尤其是水溶性好、代谢稳定的喜树碱衍生物引起了广泛的关注。 
构效关系研究表明,六元内酯环是喜树碱类衍生物抗肿瘤活性的关键药效基团,然而,内酯环在人血浆中存在着与羧酸形式的平衡(见式1),羧酸形式的喜树碱衍生物抗肿瘤活性下降并且不良反应上升。但是由于羧酸形式与人血浆白蛋白结合能力是内酯形式的150倍,平衡向羧酸形式方向位移,导致血液中内酯形式的浓度远远低于羧酸形式。因此增加体内代谢的稳定性从而降低不良反应已经成为该类化合物研究的重点。 
另外,构效关系研究结果也指出喜树碱的20-(S)羟基、D环吡啶、六元E环以及分子的平面结构对于好的药效至关重要,对于A、B环的修饰可以提高药效,而其他环的修饰对于药效而言是不利的(Expert Opin.Ther.Patents,2009,195,555-574.;Chem.Med.Chem.,2007,2,1807-1813)。 
喜树碱类天然产物在水中的溶解性能非常差,在药物传递、代谢过程中极其不利,因而,寻找易溶于水的目标结构也是非常重要的。 
发明内容
本发明人经研究现已发现喜树碱及其衍生物尤其是10-羟基喜树碱和10-甲氧基喜树碱经聚乙二醇共价修饰后,活性保持相当,毒副作用降低,且显著增加其水溶性及稳定性,延长了其在体内的半衰期。 
本发明涉及式(I)所示的喜树碱类化合物的聚乙二醇化合物: 
Figure BDA0000055464730000021
其中,R1=H,OH,OMe,或结构O-X1-mPEG1,R2为结构 X2-mPEG2;其中,mPEG1与mPEG2分别独立的为CH2CH2(OCH2CH2)n1-OCH3,n1=0-1000;X1与X2分别独立的为 
Figure BDA0000055464730000031
n2为0-4,X3可以为A、B或Y; 
A=-(NH-CR3R4-CO)n3-(NH-CR5R6-CO)n4-(NH-CR7R8-CO)n5-(NH-CR9R10-CO)n6-Z-;R3到R10分别独立的为H,取代或未取代的C1-C6直链或者支链烷基,取代或未取代的C2-C6直链或者支链烯基或者炔基,取代或未取代的C1-C6直链或者支链烷氧基,取代或未取代的C1-C6直链或者支链烷硫基,取代或未取代的C2-C6直链或者支链烯基或者炔基氧基,取代或未取代的C2-C6直链或者支链烯基或者炔基,环烷基或环链烯基,芳基,杂环基;-(CH2)n7-CO-O-mPEG;-(CH2)n7-CO-NH-mPEG;n7为1-6,mPEG定义同前;其中,优选地,杂环烷基为其环结构中含1-5个(优选1-3个)独立地选自N、O和S等的杂原子的环状基团;芳基为未取代的或被独立地选自卤素,硝基,羧基或C1-C4烷基的取代基单取代或二取代或三取代的4、5、6、或7元单环或双环芳香基团,如苯基或者或萘基等;杂环基可为未取代的或被独立地选自卤素,硝基,羧基或C1-C4烷基的取代基单取代或二取代的、含有1-5个独立地选自N、O和S等的杂原子的4、5、6、或7元单环或双环芳香基团,如吡咯基,呋喃基,吡啶基等;n3到n6分别独立的为0或1;Z为O或NH; 
B=-NH-(CH2)n8-S-S-(CH2)n9-C(O)-Z-;n8为2-5,n9为1-4;Z为O或NH; 
Y=-NH-(CH2)n10-S-M-,n10为2-5; 
M为 
Figure BDA0000055464730000032
更为优选的,M为 
Figure BDA0000055464730000041
n10=2。 
本发明式(I)中的喜树碱类化合物选自喜树碱、10-羟基喜树碱和10-甲氧基喜树碱。 
本发明式(I)所示的喜树碱类化合物的聚乙二醇化合物优选是20-聚乙二醇5000单甲醚琥珀酸单酯-10-甲氧基喜树碱(MC5001)。 
本发明再一方面涉及含至少一种式(I)化合物及药用载体或赋形剂的药物组合物。 
本发明还涉及至少一种式(I)化合物在制备抗肿瘤等相关的药物中的用途。 
根据本发明,在本发明中使用的缩写词具有下面的含义: 
Boc-HCPT-叔丁氧羰基-羟基喜树碱 
PEG-聚乙二醇 
mPEG-单甲氧基聚乙二醇 
Et3N-三乙胺 
RP-HPLC-反相高效液相色谱 
TLC-薄层色谱 
EDC·HCl-1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐 
DCM-二氯甲烷 
DMAP-N,N-二甲基-4-氨基吡啶 
Ts-Cl-对甲苯磺酰氯 
MALDI-TOF-MS-基质辅助激光解析飞行时间质谱 
TCID50-半数培养感染剂量 
MDCK-犬肾细胞 
MTT-四氮唑蓝 
DMEM-Dulbecco极限必需培养基 
根据本发明,本发明所涉及的mPEG-OH可以作为商品化试剂从德国Fluka公司购买,mPEG-NH2可以购买或通过以下反应得到: 
Figure BDA0000055464730000051
本发明以平均分子量为1000、2000、5000和10000的CH3O-PEG-OH(mPEG)为原料,合成系列单位点mPEG修饰以及双位点mPEG修饰的喜树碱衍生物。各化合物经RP-HPLC以及TLC分析为单一峰,经质谱和氢谱、碳谱核磁分析,确证结构正确。 
根据本发明,本发明的药物组合物制成适用于哺乳动物用的各种剂型,包括但不限于混悬剂、溶液剂、乳剂等注射剂形式,例如用甘露醇作赋形剂制成的注射剂。根据本发明,本发明的药物组合物可以以标准方式施用,例如肠胃外施用包括但不限于静脉内的、动脉内的、腹膜内的、皮下的、肌肉内的施用或连续输注。 
具体实施方式
实施例 
下述实施例代表本发明的说明性实施方案,但本发明不受这些实施例的限制。实施例所用平均分子量为1000、2000、5000和10000的CH3O-PEG-OH(mPEG)为德国Fluka公司产品,1-乙基-3-(3-二甲胺丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC·HCl)与二甲胺基吡啶(DMAP)均为国产分析纯试剂。 
实施例120-聚乙二醇5000单甲醚琥珀酸单酯-10-甲氧基喜树碱(MC5001)的合成 
1.聚乙二醇单甲醚琥珀酸单酯的合成 
(参考:Polymer Bulletin,1980,3,347-352.) 
聚乙二醇单甲醚(30g,6mmol)、琥珀酸酐(3g,30mmol)以及N,N-二甲基-4-氨基吡啶(DMAP,300mg,2.46mmol)置于100ml两颈瓶中,在氮气保护下,加入50ml二氯甲烷。常温搅拌反应5-6 天,薄层色谱监测反应进程至反应完全。依次用1N HCl(60ml×2)、蒸馏水(60ml×2)洗涤,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,蒸去大量的二氯甲烷溶剂,乙醚分散。白色固体(20.5g),收率67%。1H NMR(DCCl3)4.26(t,2H),3.4-4.0(m,PEG),3.384(s,3H),2.6(m,4H)。 
2.10-甲氧基喜树碱的合成(MeO-CPT) 
(参考:Bioorg.& Med.Chem.Letters,2008,18,6441-6443;CN200410052756.7,page 8)。 
两颈瓶中加入10-羟基喜树碱(182mg,0.5mmol)和无水碳酸钾(210mg,1.5mmol),在氮气保护下,加入无水丙酮40ml,加热至回流反应10分钟。加入碘甲烷(200μL,2.5mmol),回流反应至原料基本消失,约6个小时左右。 
反应液倒入100ml二氯甲烷中,依次用1N盐酸(100ml×2)、水(100ml×2)洗涤,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,减压蒸干。氯仿重结晶,收得晶体少量。加入石油醚适量,大量黄色粉末固体析出,过滤,减压抽干。黄色粉末固体。收率约50%(100mg)。 
Figure BDA0000055464730000061
3.20-聚乙二醇5000单甲醚琥珀酸单酯-10-甲氧基喜树碱(MC5001)的合成 
聚乙二醇5000单甲醚琥珀酸单酯(mPEG5000-Suc.,1.0g,0.2mmol),1-乙基-3-(3-二甲胺丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC·HCl,12omg,0.4mol)和N,N-二甲基-4-氨基吡啶(DMAP,48.8mg,0.4mol)置于两口瓶中,在氮气保护下,加入30ml二氯甲烷溶解。常温搅拌反应30分钟后,加入10-甲氧基喜树碱(MeO-CPT,103mg, 0.28mmol)。常温反应24小时。TLC监测至几乎不再反应。停止反应,抽去大量二氯甲烷,柱层析( 
Figure BDA0000055464730000071
100-200目硅胶,先用乙酸乙酯洗去未反应的Boc-HCPT,然后用甲醇:二氯甲烷=1∶100依次上升到约5∶100)分离,收集产物部分,减压蒸去溶剂,少量乙醚固化。异丙醇(约60ml)加热溶解,冷却析出白色固体,过滤;重复一次。乙醚洗涤产物,减压抽干。收得白色固体产物,收率66%(700mg)。经MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定,分子量在5492左右呈正态分布,分子量正确。
实施例220-聚乙二醇5000单甲醚琥珀酸单酯-10-甲氧基喜树碱(MC5001)抗肿瘤活性的评价 
选择人胃癌细胞BGC-823、人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、人肝癌细胞HepG2和人大肠癌细胞HT29四种细胞株,接种细胞于含10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640或DMEM细胞培养液中(补充青、链霉素各100u/ml),置于37℃含5%CO2的细胞培养箱中,每2-3天换液一次,0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,传代和收集细胞。将对数生长期细胞,用含10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640细胞培养液配制成2.5×104/ml浓度的细胞悬液,按每孔3000细胞(100μl)加入到96孔细胞培养板中,培养24小时后每孔加入含有不同浓度受试物的培养基100μl,每个浓度设3~4个平行孔。培养72小时后弃上清。每孔加入100μl新鲜配制的0.5mg/ml四氮唑蓝(MTT)的无血清培养液,37℃培养4小时后弃上清。以100μl DMSO溶解,轻度振荡15分钟后,用酶标仪检测吸光度(OD值),检测波长为570nm、参比波长为450nm。设置受试药品浓度为10.0、5.0、2.5、1.25、0.625、0.3125、0.15625μg/ml,另设空白对照。药物临用前,用细胞培养液溶解使用。 
数据处理:抑制率=(对照组OD值-给药组OD值)/对照组OD值×100%;药物效应指标用半数浓度(IC50)表示,并列出实测最大抑制率(Imax)。用MicroCal Origin软件作图,及该软件中的四参数Logistic程序拟合肿瘤细胞生长曲线,求出半数抑制浓度(IC50,μg/ml)。具体结果见表1。 
表110-羟基喜树碱抑制各种受试细胞生长的作用 
Figure BDA0000055464730000081
表2MC-5001抑制各种受试细胞生长的作用 
Figure BDA0000055464730000082
由表1和表2显示,MC-5001与10-羟基喜树碱对四种肿瘤细胞的抑制活性相当。 

Claims (9)

1.式(I)所示的喜树碱类化合物的聚乙二醇化合物:
其中,R1=H,OH,OMe,或结构O-X1-mPEG1,R2为结构X2-mPEG2;其中,mPEG1与mPEG2分别独立的为CH2CH2(OCH2CH2)n1-OCH3,n1=0-1000;X1与X2分别独立的为
Figure FDA0000055464720000012
n2为0-4,X3可以为A、B或Y;
A=-(NH-CR3R4-CO)n3-(NH-CR5R6-CO)n4-(NH-CR7R8-CO)n5-(NH-CR9R10-CO)n6-Z-;R3到R10分别独立的为H,取代或未取代的C1-C6直链或者支链烷基,取代或未取代的C2-C6直链或者支链烯基或者炔基,取代或未取代的C1-C6直链或者支链烷氧基,取代或未取代的C1-C6直链或者支链烷硫基,取代或未取代的C2-C6直链或者支链烯基或者炔基氧基,取代或未取代的C2-C6直链或者支链烯基或者炔基,环烷基或环链烯基,芳基,杂环基;-(CH2)n7-CO-O-mPEG;-(CH2)n7-CO-NH-mPEG;n7为1-6,mPEG定义同前;其中,优选地,杂环烷基为其环结构中含1-5个(优选1-3个)独立地选自N、O和S等的杂原子的环状基团;芳基为未取代的或被独立地选自卤素,硝基,羧基或C1-C4烷基的取代基单取代或二取代或三取代的4、5、6、或7元单环或双环芳香基团,如苯基或者或萘基等;杂环基可为未取代的或被独立地选自卤素,硝基,羧基或C1-C4烷基的取代基单取代或二取代的、含有1-5个独立地选自N、O和S等的杂原子的4、5、6、或7元单环或双环芳香基团,如吡咯基,呋喃基,吡啶基等;n3到n6分别独立的为0或1;Z为O或NH;
B=-NH-(CH2)n8-S-S-(CH2)n9-C(O)-Z-;n8为2-5,n9为1-4;Z为O或NH;
Y=-NH-(CH2)n10-S-M-,n10为2-5;
M为
Figure FDA0000055464720000021
更为优选的,M为
Figure FDA0000055464720000022
n10=2。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述A中的n3=n4=n5=n6=0时,则Z为O或NH。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述B中的n8=2,n9=1时,则Z为O或NH。
4.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述Y中的M为
Figure FDA0000055464720000023
时,则n10=2。
5.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1=H,OH,OMe。
6.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述式(I)中的喜树碱类化合物选自喜树碱、10-羟基喜树碱和10-甲氧基喜树碱。
7.权利要求6中的化合物,其中所述式(I)所示的喜树碱类化合物的聚乙二醇化合物是20-聚乙二醇5000单甲醚琥珀酸单酯-10-甲氧基喜树碱。
8.药物组合物,其含有权利要求1的至少一种式(I)的化合物及药物载体或赋形剂。
9.权利要求1-8中任一项的化合物或组合物在制备抗肿瘤等相关作用的药物中的用途。
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