CN102725184B - 用于覆盖机动车辆内气囊的模制装饰部件 - Google Patents

用于覆盖机动车辆内气囊的模制装饰部件 Download PDF

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CN102725184B
CN102725184B CN201080052275.XA CN201080052275A CN102725184B CN 102725184 B CN102725184 B CN 102725184B CN 201080052275 A CN201080052275 A CN 201080052275A CN 102725184 B CN102725184 B CN 102725184B
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interlayer
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CN102725184A (zh
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P·蒂利霍恩
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Johnson Controls Interiors GmbH and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于覆盖机动车辆内气囊的模制装饰部件（1），其至少具有：-一个支撑层（2），其沿着限定开口盖（3）的开口线（4）进行弱化；-设置于所述支撑层（2）上的中间层（5），所述中间层沿着与支撑层（2）中的开口线相关联的撕开线（6）弱化；以及-设置于所述中间层（5）上的由皮革制成的装饰层（7），所述装饰层在中间层（5）中的撕开线（6）的区域中不进行局部弱化。根据本发明，所述模制部件的特征在于，所述由皮革制成的装饰层（7）至少在所述中间层（5）的撕开线（6）的区域或至少在撕开线（6）的附近区域中粘性固定到中间层（5）的整个表面上。

Description

用于覆盖机动车辆内气囊的模制装饰部件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于覆盖机动车辆内气囊的模制装饰部件，其至少具有：
-支撑层，其沿着紧靠开口盖的开口线进行弱化；
-设置于所述支撑层上的中间层，所述中间层沿着与支撑层的开口线相关联的撕开线弱化；
-设置于所述中间层上的由皮革制成的装饰层，所述装饰层在中间层的撕开线的区域中没有进行局部弱化。
背景技术
例如，支撑层是塑料模制部件，例如其可作为注射模制部件等来生产。紧固（例如，粘性结合）到支撑层的中间层尤其可为编织织物，特别是编织间隔织物。在本发明的上下文中，弱化是指例如是厚度上的弱化或局部厚度的减少，就像凹口或穿孔等的情况那样。由皮革制成的装饰层通常粘性结合到编织间隔织物。以这种方式形成的模制装饰部件例如用作覆盖车辆的内部覆盖物，例如用作仪表盘的覆盖物，用作门内饰等。为了使得设置于模制装饰部件后面（尤其在模制装饰部件的开口盖后面）的发射通道内的气囊可以可靠地展开，支撑层沿着形成开口盖的开口线进行弱化。开口盖以大致矩形的方式形成，当气囊展开时，三个边上的弱化部分通常破裂打开，使得开口盖以铰链的方式翻开。在该情况下，开口盖也可以包括多个覆盖部分或覆盖部段，上述部分或部段各自以铰链的方式翻开。在打开期间，例如为编织间隔织物的中间层同样沿着撕开线撕开。
为了避免从车辆内部看到开口盖或气囊覆盖物，整个模制装饰部件通常设置有例如由皮革制成的装饰层，在开口盖的区域中看不到接缝等。然而，为了在气囊展开时确保气囊覆盖物以限定的方式撕开，以前由皮革制成的装饰层设置于具有弱化线的后部上，所述弱化线与中间层的撕开线基本对齐。然而，这种气囊覆盖物的生产是复杂的。此外，在皮革层后部中进行弱化是不利的，原因在于尤其是在老化过程中，皮革层后部中的弱化线会明显呈现于表面上，进而从车内可见。
出于该原因，已经提出免除对皮革后部进行弱化（参见DE102006055861B3）。然而，在已知实施例中为了确保气囊以限定的方式展开，提出省略皮革层和中间层（编织间隔织物）之间的在沿着撕开线延伸的条带中的粘性连接。该实施例的缺陷在于下述事实：粘合剂的应用以限定和可控的方式进行，以及确保单个层相对于彼此的具体精确定位。因此，整个生产变得更加复杂。
DE102006027082A1也公开了在本文开头处所述类型的模制装饰部件，其中装饰层意旨在支撑部分或中间层中的开口线区域中不进行弱化。
发明内容
本发明基于形成在本文开始处所述类型的用于覆盖机动车辆内气囊的模制装饰部件的目的，所述模制装饰部件满足较高的审美要求以及可以成本适宜的方式生产，但仍确保气囊可靠地展开。
为了实现该目的，在本文开始处所述类型的通用模制装饰部件的情况下，本发明教导由皮革制成的装饰层至少在中间层中的撕开线的区域或至少在撕开线附近的区域中粘性结合到所述中间层的整个表面上。在该情况下，所述中间层的撕开线相对于开口盖延伸，优选延伸到所述支撑层的开口线外侧。尤其优选的，在该情况下，所述中间层撕开线的一部分或一个部段不平行于所述支撑层的开口线延伸。由于传统的气囊覆盖物的开口盖通常以平面视图中的矩形方式形成，在一个尤其优选的改进实施例中，本发明提出所述中间层的撕开线偏离于矩形形状。例如其可以平面视图的椭圆形或卵形的方式形成。优选的，只有撕开线的区域或部段以曲线方式形成。因此，撕开线可以例如沿着覆盖物中的两个相对平行侧边以平行于覆盖物侧边的方式延伸，且在其余区域（也就是说在覆盖物中的两个其它相对侧边的区域）中以弧形方式延伸，从而导致整体形成平面视图中的近似卵形。在任何情况下，中间层的撕开线并非整体沿着支撑层的开口线延伸。
在该情况下，令人惊奇的是，本发明发现下述：甚至当粘性连接中免除限定的间隙以及由此使得在整个表面上形成粘性结合时，可以确保具有未局部弱化的皮革层的气囊（即，其没有单独的弱化线）以可靠和限定的方式展开。这对于生产是有利的，因为在施加粘合剂时，无需小心谨慎地提供限定的间隙。此外，没有必要精确定位皮革层。由于免除对皮革层的弱化，根据本发明的装饰部件甚至满足现代汽车的较高审美要求。令人惊奇的是，这并没有削弱气囊的打开功能。例如，以本身已知的方式对编织织物弱化或穿孔对于支撑部分和中间层两者而言都已足够。编织织物的弱化或穿孔也限定布置在上面的皮革层中的撕开线，而皮革层本身无需被弱化，且无需免除在粘性连接中的间隙。尤其优选的，如上所述，这可以确保中间层的撕开线的路线与支撑层的开口线的路线在很大程度上刻意地偏离，因此中间层撕开线的路线不沿着支撑层中的开口线延伸。
在一个尤其优选的改进实施例中，本发明提出由皮革制成的且其紧固（例如，粘性结合）到中间层的装饰层具有0.4毫米至0.8毫米，优选为0.5毫米至0.7毫米，例如约0.6毫米的厚度。因此，利用相对较薄的皮革来执行工作，该皮革甚至在没有局部弱化的情况下也可以以限定的方式撕开。具有相对较小厚度的这种皮革层可以以特别优选的方式成本适宜地制备，因为起初制备的和精加工的皮革在随后处理过程期间被具体分割（优选干法分割）成所需的厚度。
为了确保由编织织物中的撕开线撕开导致皮革层尤其可靠地撕开，使用断裂伸长率相对较低的皮革是有利的。因此，本发明提出皮革（例如分割成所需厚度的皮革）优选具有的断裂伸长率至多为40％，尤其优选至多为35％。断裂伸长率为25％至40％，尤其优选为30％至35％是有利的。
对于气囊覆盖物而言，进一步有利的是使用与迄今为止通常使用的皮革类型相比具有较低撕裂蔓延强度的皮革制成。因此，本发明提出皮革或由皮革制成的装饰层具有的撕裂蔓延强度小于12N，优选小于10N。在该情况下，撕裂蔓延强度是指至少在纵向或横向上的撕裂蔓延强度，优选在纵向和横向两个方向上的撕裂蔓延强度。优选的，皮革的撕裂蔓延强度是指干法分裂到上述的具体厚度。
具有这种性能的皮革即使在整体粘性结合或没有局部弱化的情况下确保由编织织物限定的撕开引起限定的撕开。
在优选的改进实施例中，提供适用于装饰层的无铬鞣制皮革。原则上，在生产过程中可以以已知方式对（鞣制）皮革进行干燥，例如通过肘杆式干燥方式进行干燥。在该过程中，皮革借助于肘杆伸展紧绷于框架上并引入到烘干机内。然而，尤其优选的，本发明提出干燥通过真空干燥的方式进行。在该情况下，皮革不是通过肘杆而是通过负压或真空而伸展紧绷于框架上。测试表明以该方式干燥的皮革尤其良好地适用于所述目的。
正如已经描述的那样，在本发明的上下文中提供将皮革整体粘性结合到中间层（例如，编织织物）。在本发明的上下文中，整体粘性结合是指在撕开线附近整体粘性结合。因此，在撕开线附近的区域中可以不省去粘性连接。但是在本发明的上下文中，可在模制装饰部件的其它区域内在粘性连接中提供间隙。因此，原则上可以免除在开口盖本身区域或开口盖的子区域中的粘性连接。然而，为了生产制造的原因，整体粘性结合是优选的。通常也将中间层以整个表面粘性结合到支撑层。
各种粘合剂可适用于粘性结合。优选的，由皮革制成的装饰层通过重新激活的热熔粘合剂紧固到中间层。中间层也可通过重新激活的热熔粘合剂紧固到支撑层。在该情况下，可以将热熔粘合剂喷洒或涂滚到装饰层、中间层和/或支撑层上。
原则上，本发明包括下述实施例，其中在所述实施例中，整个模压的装饰组件覆盖有由皮革制成的一体并由此为整块的装饰层。此外，由皮革制成的该整块装饰层在其整个区域上的厚度相同。然而，尤其是在大型模制装饰部件的情况下，也可以提供具有不同厚度区域的由皮革制成的整块装饰层。因此，在距气囊开口相对较远的区域中，皮革可具有1毫米或以上的更大厚度，并且只在气囊覆盖物或开口盖的附近分割成上述尺寸。然而，即使在该实施例中，免除皮革沿编织织物中的撕开线的局部弱化或弱化线（例如凹口）。
任选的，装饰层可由多个皮革部段组成，这些皮革部段可具有不同的厚度。因此，下述是可能的，即在开口盖的区域中及其附近区域提供具有较小厚度的皮革部段，以及在其余区域中提供具有较大厚度的皮革部段。单个皮革部分可以连接在一起，例如通过接缝而缝合在一起。然而，该接缝并不形成撕开线，而是这种接缝为装饰接缝，为了审美原因而设置在车辆装饰上。
附图说明
下文在仅仅示出一个示例性实施例的附图的基础上对本发明进行更详细地说明，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的模制装饰部件的简化平面视图；
图2示出通过图1所示对象的示意简化截面；以及
图3示出了根据图1所示对象的变型实施例。
具体实施方式
附图示出用于覆盖机动车辆内气囊（未显示）的模制装饰部件1。该模制装饰部件1在其基本结构方面包括支撑层2，中间层5和装饰层7。
通常，支撑层2形成为模制的塑料部件，例如注射模制部件。其可以是用于仪表盘或一些其它内部覆盖物的支撑层2。在模制装饰部件1之后，或是在支撑层2之后，气囊（未图示）设置于发射通道（未图示）内。
从图1和图2的比较首先可以看出，支撑层2沿着开口线4弱化。该弱化或开口线4限定了支撑层2的开口盖3。在该情况下，开口盖3以平面视图中的基本矩形方式形成。在该情况下，在该示例性实施例中，形成开口线4的弱化部分设置于该矩形的三个侧边上。第四侧边4'形成为如同其是一个打开的铰链，因此如同当气囊展开时，所述盖2翻开，其原因在于支撑层2沿着开口线4撕开或破裂。因此开口盖以“窗口状”的方式翻开。在该情况下，变型实施例还可能为其中开口盖由以“双窗口”的方式翻开的两部分构成。未示出这种实施例。
从图1和图2的比较还可以看出紧固到支撑层2的中间层5沿着撕开线6弱化。该撕开线6例如可形成为穿孔。中间层5本身例如可形成为编织间隔织物。在该情况下表示虽然中间层5的撕开线6与支撑层2中的开口线4相关联，但是撕开线6不与开口线4对齐。相反，中间层5中的撕开线6相对于开口盖3延伸到支撑层2中的开口线4外侧。特别地，图1中示出中间层5中的撕开线6不在其整个长度上与支撑层2中的开口线4平行延伸，因此其并不沿着开口线延伸。而开口盖3中的开口线4基本由矩形或由矩形的侧边或由矩形的一些侧边形成，中间层5中的撕开线6具有偏离于矩形形状的形状，具体为“部分”卵形或椭圆形的形状。因此，在图1中可以看出，中间层5中的撕开线6沿着覆盖物3的纵向侧边（基本上）平行于覆盖物3的侧边4，4'延伸。相比之下，在覆盖物3的两条横向（短）侧边的区域内，中间层5中的撕开线6以弧形的方式因此并非平行于支撑层2中的开口线4延伸，因此图1中可看出撕开线6的路线，且总体形成所谓的椭圆形。
根据本发明，在中间层5中的撕开线6的区域中免除皮革层7的弱化。因此，图2中示出未局部弱化的皮革7。在该情况下，由皮革制成的装饰层7粘性结合（具体通过粘合剂层8）到中间层5的整个表面上。因此，在撕开线的区域中免除粘合剂层8中的间隙。另外可以看出，编织织物5通过粘合剂层9紧固到支撑层2。在此同样发生整体的粘性结合。
皮革例如具有0.6毫米的厚度，其原因在于其被干法分割到该厚度。在该情况下，优选使用通过真空干燥方式进行干燥的无铬鞣制皮革。所用的皮革可具有例如30至35％的断裂伸长率和小于10N的撕裂蔓延强度。在该情况下，例如利用重新激活的热熔粘合剂来进行粘性结合，该粘合剂例如通过喷洒或涂滚而设置于相应层上。在任何情况下，在本发明的上下文中确保皮革层7以限定方式撕开以及由此导致气囊以限定方式打开，其中在编织织物5中的撕开线6的区域中不提供对皮革的弱化以及在撕开线6的区域中不提供粘合剂间隙。
在该情况下，图1示出了整个支撑层2覆盖有由皮革制成的整块装饰层7的实施例。在该示例性实施例中，皮革或装饰层在其整个区域中具有例如0.5至0.7毫米，优选是0.6毫米的大致相同的厚度。
在根据图3的变型实施例中，支撑层2覆盖有由多个装饰层部段7和7'构成的装饰层。这些装饰层7和7'具有不同的厚度。因此，提供第一个装饰层部段7，其覆盖或跨越整个气囊开口或开口盖及其附近的区域。该装饰层部段7对应图1和图2中所示的装饰层7，且具有带来根据本发明所述优点的所述特征。然而，在根据图3的示例性实施例中，该装饰层部段7连接到另外的装饰层部段7'，例如通过接缝10缝合到另外的装饰层部段7'。然而，这些接缝10不是撕开线，而是纯粹装饰接缝。因此装饰层部段7'可具有例如1毫米或以上的更大厚度。在本发明的上下文中，还可以由整块皮革来实现图3中所示的实施例，于是其具有在部段7'的区域中的第一较大厚度以及在部段7中的第二较小厚度。因此最初较厚的皮革最后被分割成区域7内的所需尺寸。在附图中未示出细节。

Claims (21)

1.一种用于覆盖机动车辆内气囊的模制装饰部件(1)，其至少具有：
-支撑层(2)，所述支撑层(2)沿着紧靠开口盖(3)的开口线(4)进行弱化；
-设置于所述支撑层(2)上的中间层(5)，所述中间层(5)沿着与所述支撑层的开口线相关联的撕开线(6)弱化；以及
-设置于所述中间层(5)上的由皮革制成的装饰层(7)，所述装饰层在所述中间层(5)中的撕开线(6)的区域中不进行局部弱化；
其特征在于，所述由皮革制成的装饰层(7)至少在所述中间层(5)中的撕开线(6)的区域或至少在所述撕开线(6)的附近区域中粘性结合所述中间层(5)的整个表面，所述皮革具有25％至40％的断裂伸长率和小于12N的撕裂蔓延强度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述中间层(5)中的撕开线(6)的至少部分或部段不平行于所述支撑层(2)中的开口线(4)延伸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述中间层(5)中的撕开线(6)在平面视图中偏离于方形或矩形形式。
4.根据权利要求3所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述中间层(5)中的撕开线(6)以椭圆或卵形、或局部椭圆或卵形、或弧形方式形成。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述由皮革制成的装饰层(7)具有0.4毫米至0.8毫米的厚度。
6.根据权利要求5所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述由皮革制成的装饰层(7)是由干法分割的皮革制成。
7.根据权利要求5所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述由皮革制成的装饰层(7)具有0.5毫米至0.7毫米的厚度。
8.根据权利要求5所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述由皮革制成的装饰层(7)具有0.6毫米的厚度。
9.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述皮革具有的断裂伸长率高达40％。
10.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述皮革具有的断裂伸长率高达35％。
11.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述皮革具有30％至35％的断裂伸长率。
12.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述皮革具有的撕裂蔓延强度小于10N。
13.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，使用无铬鞣制皮革来制备所述装饰层(7)。
14.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，使用真空干燥的皮革来制备所述装饰层(7)。
15.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述中间层(5)粘性结合所述支撑层(2)的整个表面。
16.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述由皮革制成的装饰层(7)通过重新激活的热熔粘合剂(8)紧固到所述中间层(5)。
17.根据权利要求16所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述重新激活的热熔粘合剂(8)喷洒或涂滚到所述装饰层(7)，中间层(5)和/或支撑层(2)上。
18.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述中间层(5)通过重新激活的热熔粘合剂(9)紧固到所述支撑层(2)。
19.根据权利要求18所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述重新激活的热熔粘合剂(9)喷洒或涂滚到所述装饰层(7)，中间层(5)和/或支撑层(2)上。
20.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述装饰层包括具有不同厚度的皮革制成的多个连接在一起的装饰层部段(7，7’)，其中，所述开口盖区域中的皮革的厚度小于其余区域的皮革的厚度。
21.根据权利要求20所述的模制装饰部件，其特征在于，所述装饰层部段(7，7’)缝合在一起。
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JP2013506587A (ja) 2013-02-28
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DE102009043498A1 (de) 2011-04-07
WO2011038856A8 (de) 2012-05-03
KR101391196B1 (ko) 2014-05-02
KR20120076368A (ko) 2012-07-09
EP2483111B1 (de) 2013-11-06
WO2011038856A2 (de) 2011-04-07
IN2012DN02691A (zh) 2015-09-04
WO2011038856A3 (de) 2011-09-22
US20120237712A1 (en) 2012-09-20
CN102725184A (zh) 2012-10-10
EP2483111A2 (de) 2012-08-08

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