CN102715910A - 用于使用生理信号对响应进行测量和分等的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于使用生理信号对响应进行测量和分等的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN102715910A
CN102715910A CN2012100636075A CN201210063607A CN102715910A CN 102715910 A CN102715910 A CN 102715910A CN 2012100636075 A CN2012100636075 A CN 2012100636075A CN 201210063607 A CN201210063607 A CN 201210063607A CN 102715910 A CN102715910 A CN 102715910A
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汉斯·C·李
蒂姆耶·T·洪
威廉·H·威廉斯
迈克尔·R·费蒂普莱斯
迈克尔·J·李
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Abstract

一种用于计算效价值的系统和方法,其通过考虑个人大脑的α不对称来捕获个人对媒体的积极或者消极响应。该效价值可以用来基于个人或者个人组而比较媒体。也可以通过效价值来对比和比较媒体事件。可以采取统计测量以改进媒体。

Description

用于使用生理信号对响应进行测量和分等的方法和系统
本申请是申请号为“200780052855.7”、题为“用于使用生理信号测量和分等对视听或者交互式媒体、产品或活动的积极或消极响应的方法和系统”的中国专利申请的分案申请。 
背景技术
有创造力的人们设计了以积极或者消极方式刺激个人的交互式媒体、活动和产品(“媒体”)。通常在具有高竞争力的市场将媒体卖给消费者,在所述市场中刺激积极性或者消极性的能力决定了价值。有创造力的人们想知道是刺激了积极性还是刺激了消极性,以便通过改进媒体以更好地刺激个人来使价值最大化。如果没有使媒体的价值最大化,则顾客将购买提供更好刺激的竞争产品。如果竞争产品被卖出,则收入将随着销售下降而受损。于是问题就在于提供关于对通过交互式媒体、活动和产品进行的刺激的响应的准确信息。测量响应要求交互式媒体、活动和产品的创造者进入目标市场的心理。 
在进入人类心理时,在神经生物学、精神心理学和心理学方面的研究者发现了从大脑发出的生理信号。使用脑电图(EEG),研究者通过附接到头部的电极记录生理信号。生理信号具有四个30赫兹以下的主要分量。频率在1~4赫兹之间的是δ波,频率在4和8赫兹之间的是θ波,频率在8~13赫兹之间的是α脑波,以及频率在13和20之间的是β脑波。研究者使用EEG研究心理;然而,没有得到用于对积极性或者消极性响应进行测量和分等的系统和方法。媒体积极地或者消极地刺激个人的量仍然未知。 
相关领域的前述例子和与此相关的限制旨在是说明性的而不是排他性的。在阅读说明书和研究附图之后,相关领域的其他限制对本领域的技术人员来说将变得明显。 
发明内容
结合系统、工具和方法来描述和说明以下的实施例及其特点,所述系统、工具和方法旨在是示例性的和说明性的,而不是对范围的限制。在各种实施例中,减少或者消除了一个或多个上述问题,而其他实施例则用于其他改进。 
一种新颖的技术测量个人对媒体的积极性或者消极性响应作为效价值(valence value)。该技术使用从大脑发出的生理信号以测量效价响应。效价值是对积极性或者消极性响应的客观测量,其中正效价值表示积极性而负效价值表示消极性。有利的是,效价值可以以0为中心,容易地识别大于零的值是积极的,而小于零的值是消极的,但是不必以0为中心,也可以使用其他中心点。有利的是,效价值可以用于对不同的媒体进行分等。这些媒体具有可评估的事件,例如,在现场表演足球比赛中,对得分队伍的球迷来说,达阵得分(touchdown)将通常是积极的事件。分等可以简单地为:计算用户对第一媒体和第二媒体的每个响应的效价值,并且比较两个效价值来看哪个较高。较高的值与在个人中产生了更多积极响应的媒体相关。此外,人群可以具有效价响应,所述效价响应可以被测量和合计以确定整个群体对媒体的响应。媒体的这种群体观点然后可以用于对媒体进行分等,这是对响应于媒体的生理变化的新颖使用。 
附图说明
附图图示了本发明的实施例。然而,实施例和附图是说明性的而不是限制性的;它们提供了本发明的例子。 
图1是用于计算效价值的系统100的例子的示意图。 
图2描绘了用于通过考虑α不对称来计算个人响应于媒体的刺激的效价值的方法例子的流程图200。 
图3描绘了用于基于积极地或者消极地刺激个人的量对媒体进行分级的方法例子的流程图300。 
图4描绘了基于分配给媒体的效价值对多个媒体进行分等的示图400。 
图5A-C描绘了头部的顶视图的示图500。图5A将头部的前额分成左前额和右前额。图5B识别头部的前额。图5C将头部分成左部和右部。 
图6描绘了在计算效价值的同时用媒体刺激个人的例子的示图600。 
图7描绘了用媒体刺激多个个人并且计算效价值和相关值的例子的示图700。 
图8描绘了实验的示图800,其中命令个人玩游戏,并计算结果效价值;识别关键的时间点。 
图9描绘了实验的示图900,其中个人观看他最近玩的游戏视频,并根据他的脑波计算效价值。 
图10描绘了耳机的示图1000,所述耳机包含用于采集来自个人头部的信号的电极。 
具体实施方式
在以下的描述中,提出了几个特定的细节以提供对本发明的实施例的透彻理解。然而,相关领域的技术人员将认识到,可以不使用一个或多个特定细节或者结合其他部件等来实践本发明。在其他实例中,不详细示出或描述众所周知的执行或者操作,以避免使本发明的各种实施例的特点变得模糊。 
本发明提供了一种用于测量对交互式媒体、产品或者活动的“效价”响应的新颖系统和方法。该技术使用从大脑发出的生理信号以测量效价响应。处理部件通过生理传感器采集生理信号并且基本上同时地将效价值分配给积极地或者消极地刺激个人的量。“基本上同时地”意味着响应与刺激是同时发生或者在时间上接近。在响应中可以有延迟。因此,按以下理解来计算效价值,即理解响应如果不是与刺激精确地同时发生,则可以是紧跟着刺激发生。 
在一些实施例中,计算效价值的示例性方式是考虑α不对称。两个用于计算效价值的有用生理信号包括α波和θ波。在说明性实施例中,经由设计用于比较左和右α值和/或左和右θ值的公式完成该计算。从大脑发出的其他有用信号在1~100Hz的范围内。 
图1是用于计算效价值的系统100的例子的示意图。尽管这个示意图按照功能分割描绘了部件,但是这样的描述仅仅是出于说明性的目的。本领域的技术人员知道可以将该图中描绘的部件任意组合或者分成单独的软件、固件和/或硬件部件。此外,不管他们是如何组合和分割的,这种部件可以在同一计算设备或者多个计算设备上执行,并且其中可以由一个或者多个网络连接多个计算设备。 
在图1的例子中,系统100包括媒体102、个人104、传感器106和处理部件108。如所描绘的那样,由媒体102刺激个人104,同时由处理部件108使用传感器106监视他的效价(积极性/消极性)。这里的媒体可以是电影、视频、电视节目、商业、广告、视频游戏、交互式在线媒体、印刷品或者任何其他可以刺激个人的媒体中的一个或者多个。传感器106可以是加速计、血液氧气传感器、检流计、脑电图、肌动电流描记器或者任何其他生理传感器中的一个或者多个。 
图2描绘了用于通过考虑α不对称来计算个人响应于媒体的刺激的效价值的方法例子的流程图200。按照流程图200中的模块次序来组织方法。然而,应理解可以对与这里所描述的其他方法相关联的这些和其他模块重新安排以并行执行或者重新安排成不同的模块次序。在图2的例子中,流程图200以在模块202处用包含事件的媒体刺激个人开始。 
在图2的例子中,流程图以对来自右前脑的第一信号进行采样的方式而继续模块204,同时基本上同时地用媒体事件刺激个人。与暴露给媒体同时地对信号进行采样。在响应中可以有延迟,因此按以下理解对信号进行采样,即理解响应如果不是与刺激精确地同时发生,则可以是紧跟着发生,因而它与刺激基本上同时发生。采样信号将包含包括α波和θ波的不同频率范围。在图2的例子中,流程图以对来自左前脑的第二信号进行采样的方式而继续模块206,同时基本上同时地用媒体事件刺激个人。也基本上同时地对这个信号进行采样。 
在一些实施例中,采样信号被分解成频域。在数字信号处理领域内众所周知的快速傅里叶变换(FFT)或者小波分析用于分解。FFT是计算离散傅里叶变换(DFT)的有效方法;可以使用DFT以及其他计算傅里叶分析的方法。或者,小波分析可以用于将信号分成不同的频率分量,以便可以分开考虑它们。具体地说,Mexican hat小波、morlet小波、daubechies小波、β小波和coiflet小波将用于进行分解。在图2的例子中,流程图以将RF信号分解成频域的方式而继续模块208。这种分解以与LF信号相同的方式完成。 
在一些实施例中,波与信号中分离并存储到二进制文件中。在存储来自信号的频率时,二进制文件保持来自频域的采样信号。可以通过计算n点DFT来定义DFT二进制文件。特别地,创建X(0)到X(n-1)n个不同的采样值。随着i为0到n-1的值,X(i)是保持相关采样值的二进制文件。α二进制文件可以保持在8~13Hz之间的任何频率,但是不必包 括该范围内的所有频率。θ二进制文件可以保持在4~8Hz之间的任何频率,但是不必包括所有频率。类似地,可以将δ和β波保存在δ和β二进制文件中。另外,可以调整频率轮廓以移除信号内诸如白噪声或者粉红噪声的噪声。 
在图2的例子中,流程图以根据来自第一信号的一个或者多个频率以及来自第二信号的一个或者多个频率计算效价值的方式而继续模块208,所述效价值定义α不对称以与参考值进行比较,从而基于针对媒体事件的效价值和参考值之间的差别而对媒体进行分级。 
在一些实施例中,经由从以下的公式之一选择的公式完成计算效价值,所述公式设计用来比较左和右α值和/或左和右θ值。αRF表示右前额α,αLF表示左前额α,θLF表示左前额θ,θRF表示右前额θ,θL表示左θ,θR表示右θ,αL表示左α,αR表示右α。 
αRFLF θLFRF θ L α L - θ R α R ( θ L - α L ) / ( θ L + α L ) ( θ R - α R ) / ( θ R + α R )
这些例子公式旨在是非限制性的。多个不同的公式将起作用,并且可以在这些教导的精神内修改这些公式中的一个,以创建将适合特定应用的公式。 
在一些实施例中,可以使用以下的公式计算关于消极性的效价。针对α和θ,所述公式使用如上相同的标号。 
αLFRF θRFLF θ R α R - θ L α L ( θ R - α R ) / ( θ R + α R ) ( θ L - α L ) / ( θ L + α L )
这些例子公式旨在是非限制性的。多个不同的公式将起作用,并且可以在这些教导的精神内修改这些公式中的一个,以创建将适合特定应用的公式。 
图3描绘了用于基于积极地或者消极地刺激个人的量对媒体进行分级的方法例子的流程图300。按照流程图300中的模块次序组织所述方法。然而,应理解可以对这些以及与这里描述的其他方法相关联的模块重新安排以并行执行或者重新安排成不同的模块次序。在图3的例子中,流程图以在模块302处计算针对媒体事件的个人效价值开始。 
在图3的例子中,流程图继续模块304,比较效价值与参考值以确定在由媒体积极地或者消极地刺激个人的量和媒体的参考值之间的差别。这也可以以关于图3描述的方式获得。 
在图3的例子中,流程图以保存比较结果作为定义媒体事件的等级的测量的方式而继续模块306。这可以利用比较右脑和左脑的α不对称的公式。在图3的例子中,流程图以通过考虑个人大脑中的α不对称来计算来自第二信号的第二效价值的方式而继续模块308。 
在一些实施例中,基于媒体的效价值而对媒体进行分等。将媒体彼此比较以确定哪个具有更高的效价值,例如,哪个媒体是更积极地“喜欢”,产生更多的积极响应。有利的是,可以将多个媒体相对于个人而对照彼此进行分等。此外,媒体的个人事件可以相对于彼此而进行分等,以便在电影中制造最多积极的场景,或者相反的,在电影中制造更多消极的场景以便可以减掉。由于值是用数字表示的并且是客观的,因此可以在这个技术上建立系统,所述技术可以对特性完全不同的媒体进行分等,诸如将相对于个人的电视广告和棋盘游戏(如国际象棋)的积极响应值进行比较。此外,在确定组是否发现所述媒体比另一媒体更积极时,可以基于特定组来比较媒体。 
图4描绘了基于分配给媒体的效价值而对多个媒体进行分等的示图400。示图400包括游戏402、运动404、广告406、电影408、分等者409、分等电影410、分等运动412、分等游戏414和分等广告416。在图4的例子中,稍后按照刺激与个人的大脑中的α不对称相关的积极性或者消极性的能力的顺序来对未分等的媒体游戏402、运动404、广告406和电影408进行分等。有利的是,可以对n个不同的媒体进行分等。可以通过相对于个人或者组的比较来完成不同媒体的相关分等,并且不同的统计测量可以用于定义适合个人应用的分等。 
图5A-C描绘了头部的顶视图500,其识别头部的前额并将头部的前额分成左前额和右前额。图5A包括左前脑502和右前脑505。图5B包括前脑506。图5C包括左脑508和右脑510。在图5A-C的例子中,大脑的分割与对公式的理解有关,所述公式用于根据个人的脑波计算个人的效价值。具体地说,识别的是采集信号的大脑部位。在说明性例子中,从右前脑505采集右前α,αRF。从左前脑502采集左前α,αLF。从右前脑505采集右前θ,θRF。从左前脑502采集左前θ,θLF。从右脑510采集右θ,θR。从左脑508采集左θ,θL。从左脑508采集左α,αL。从右脑510采集右α,αR。 
图6描绘了用媒体刺激个人,同时基于α不对称计算与个人对媒体的响应相关的效价值的例子的示图600。示图600包括媒体602、耳机603、 个人604、处理设备606和效价向量608。在图6的例子中,个人604观看媒体602(例如电视节目),同时由处理设备606监视其效价水平。经由耳机603从个人的头部采集信号。这些信号被传输到处理设备606用于处理成为效价值。 
在一些实施例中,产生从生理响应得到的多个个人效价值的合计,确定对媒体的组响应。可以通过多个个人的平均响应或者更高阶的逼近得到合计。 
图7描绘了用媒体刺激多个个人并且计算媒体所刺激的相关效价值的例子的示图700。示图700包括“媒体1”702、“媒体2”704、个人707、708和710、处理设备711、总和响应向量712、平均效价714、最高效价717和优选媒体718。在图7的例子中,由媒体刺激多个个人707、708和710,并且基于α不对称分析其所采集的效价水平。在组用于考虑媒体的情况下,总和响应向量712将是在比较媒体中有用的值,其中恒定值将是个人组,并且他们的平均效价将随着提供的不同媒体而改变。总和响应向量712可以用于确定有多少人以效价对媒体响应。 
在一些实施例中,通过将发生在特定时间的事件与那个特定时间的效价值关联起来而将效价值匹配到媒体。将效价值匹配到媒体提供关于效价值的背景以及为什么特定效价值如它们所是的那样为高或者为低的有用信息。可以将对媒体刺激的个人响应按照时间分解成事件。在非限制性的例子中,比赛可以包括被识别为裁判员发信号错误犯规的事件。可以在个人想知道“为什么裁判员发信号犯规”的同时,针对效价中的增长监视个人,所述个人在观看比赛的同时使其效价水平被监视。通过将效价值与媒体相关联,可以将刺激链接到积极性或者消极性。有利的是,这样的信息可以用于通过改变媒体来改进媒体。 
在一些实施例中,通过使用数学变换将事件分类为特定类型的事件,以将所述事件与其他事件进行比较。这样的数学变换可以包括但不限于:平均值、一阶导数、二阶导数、多项式逼近、根据平均值的标准差、根据平均值的导数的标准差以及生理响应的轮廓,所述生理响应的轮廓可以以卷积或者考虑以下中的一个或者多个的其他方法来实现:中间峰值、开始尖峰、平坦等。 
在一些实施例中,参考信号用于将对事件的用户效价响应和事件的预定效价值进行比较。参考信号可以是出于提供比较值的目的而开发的任何值,根据所述比较值可以确定在用户的效价值和事件之间的差别。媒体的 开发者可以创建他们自己的参考值。参考值可以是理想值即所期望的目标。参考值可以是出于开发参考值的目的而单独计算的多个不同用户的效价值的平均值,根据所述参考值来比较其他个人。 
图8描绘了实验的示图800,其中命令个人玩游戏并且计算结果效价值。示图800包括游戏802、耳机804、个人806和处理设备808。在图8的例子中,个人806玩游戏802,并且经由耳机804采集包含个人的脑波的信号并将所述信号传输到处理设备808。处理设备808然后计算效价值并且结果曲线图显示效价值随时间的变化。在点A、B、C处,在随着时间的效价中有显著的骤降。这些与游戏的消极时间点相关联。 
在一些实施例中,计算时间点处的效价值的导数以观看效价值随着时间的变化。这个值可以用于测量与时间点同时或者正好在时间点之前发生的特定事件是否与效价中的变化相关。在人经历了她喜欢的媒体事件的情况下,导数可以至少暂时是正的,表明对事件的增长的积极响应。这是有利的,因为它将允许媒体的创造者识别媒体事件,例如足球赛中的达阵得分,这对于产生积极的响应是所期望的。类似地,也可以识别当与媒体事件(例如,输了比赛)关联时的效价向量的负导数。尽管例子事件可以以明显的方式链接到对事件的积极和消极响应,其他事件可能不这么类似地明显,诸如个人对培训研讨班中的课程或者对应用于电影中的场景的新近创造的电影技术的响应。 
图9描绘了实验的示图900,其中个人观看他最近玩的游戏的视频,并且根据他的脑波计算效价值。图9包括个人902、游戏视频记录904、处理设备906和曲线图908。在图9的例子中,个人902观看他之前玩的游戏的记录视频,重新再现游戏经历。同时,由处理设备906记录并处理他的脑波,处理设备906产生随时间的效价的曲线图908。A到D的某个增加的效价点与由正效价所示的游戏中的积极事件相关联。在实际的实验中,个人确定这些是游戏的积极点。可以利用如参考图1讨论的那样的导数来提供附加信息;由于导数在数学上产生了在曲线上的点的切线,所述导数很好地适合于提供指示积极性增加或者消极性减少的方向的线。在点A到D处,绘制了指示识别相对于时间的增加的效价值的正导数的线。 
在一些实施例中,在观看者观看媒体事件的同时,可以将集成耳机放置在观看者的头上用于测量他/她的生理数据。可以将所述数据记录在计算机上的程序中,所述计算机允许观看者在戴着耳机的同时与媒体交互。 
图10描绘了耳机1000,耳机1000包括用于采集来自个人头部的信 号的电极。耳机1000包括处理单元1001、三轴加速计1002、硅稳定带1003、右EEG电极1004、心率传感器1005、左EEG电极1006、电池模块1007和可调整带1008。处理单元1001是微处理器,所述微处理器将生理数据数字化并且可以将数据处理成生理响应,所述生理响应包括但不限于思考、约定、专心、物理约定、效价、活力和其他。三轴加速计1002感测头部的运动。硅稳定带1003通过使运动最小化的耳机的稳定而允许更稳健的感测。右EEG电极1004和左EEG电极1006是使用时不需要准备的前额干电极。在电极和皮肤之间需要接触但是不需要过度的压力。心率传感器1005是大约放置在前额中心的强血量脉冲传感器,并且可再充电或者可更换的电池模块1007位于一个耳朵之上。后面的可调整带1008用于将耳机调整到针对许多不同头部尺寸的舒服的张力设置。 
本领域的技术人员将意识到,前面的例子和实施例是示例性的而不是限制本发明的范围。意图是在阅读说明书以及研究附图之后,对本领域的技术人员来说明显的所有替换、增强、等价物和改进都包括在本发明的真实精神和范围内。因此意图是以下所附权利要求包括落在本发明的真实精神和范围内的所有这样的修改、替换和等价物。 

Claims (22)

1.一种方法,包括:
获得代表第一信号的数据,所述第一信号从个人的右前脑采集,同时所述个人基本上同时地暴露于媒体;
获得代表第二信号的数据,所述第二信号与采集所述第一信号基本上同时地从所述个人的左前脑采集;
基于来自所述第一信号的第一频率以及来自所述第二信号的第二频率计算效价值;
将所述效价值与参考值进行比较以确定差别;以及
基于所述差别对所述媒体进行分级。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一频率和所述第二频率是α频率,所述效价值定义α不对称。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,还包括基于来自所述第一信号的第三频率以及来自所述第二信号的第四频率计算所述效价值。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述第三频率和所述第四频率是θ频率。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括对来自暴露于所述媒体的多个个人的多个效价值进行合计以形成对所述媒体的效价响应。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
从所述第一信号中和所述第二信号分离出左前额θ波(θLF)、右前额θ波(θRF)、左前额α波(αLF)、右前额α波(αRF)、左θ波(θL)、右θ波(θR)、左α波(αL)、右α波(αR)中的至少两个;以及
使用包括以下公式之一的公式来计算所述效价值:
αRFLF
θLFRF
LL)-(θRR),
([θLL]/[θLL])/([θRR]/[θRR]),
αLFRF
θRFLF
RR)-(θLL),或者
([θRR]/[θRR])/([θLL]/[θLL])。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括使用快速傅里叶变换或者小波分析将所述第一信号和所述第二信号分解成频域。。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括计算所述效价值的导数,所述导数代表效价随时间的变化。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述媒体包括电视广播、视频游戏、视听广告、棋盘游戏、卡片游戏、现场表演事件、平面广告或网络广告中的一个或多个。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
识别与所述效价值对应的时间点;
识别与所述时间点基本上同时发生的所述媒体的事件;
将所述效价值与所述事件关联;以及
将所述效价值匹配到所述媒体。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述参考值包括多个之前计算的其他个人的效价值的平均值。
12.一种系统,包括:
数据收集器,用于获得代表第一信号的数据,所述第一信号从个人的右前脑采集,同时所述个人基本上同时地暴露于媒体,并且获得代表第二信号的数据,所述第二信号与采集所述第一信号基本上同时地从所述个人的左前脑采集;
处理器,用于:
基于来自所述第一信号的第一频率以及来自所述第二信号的第二频率计算效价值;
将所述效价值与参考值进行比较以确定差别;以及
基于所述差别对所述媒体进行分级。
13.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中所述第一频率和所述第二频率是α频率,所述效价值定义α不对称。
14.根据权利要求13所述的系统,所述处理器用于基于来自所述第一信号的第三频率以及来自所述第二信号的第四频率计算所述效价值。
15.根据权利要求14所述的系统,其中所述第三频率和所述第四频率是θ频率。
16.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中所述处理器用于对来自暴露于所述媒体的多个个人的多个效价值进行合计以形成对所述媒体的效价响应。
17.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中所述处理器用于:
从所述第一信号中和所述第二信号分离出左前额θ波(θLF)、右前额θ波(θRF)、左前额α波(αLF)、右前额α波(αRF)、左θ波(θL)、右θ波(θR)、左α波(αL)、右α波(αR)中的至少两个;以及
使用包括以下公式之一的公式来计算所述效价值:
αRFLF
θLFRF
LL)-(θRR),
([θLL]/[θLL])/([θRR]/[θRR]),
αLFRF
θRFLF
RR)-(θLL),或者
([θRR]/[θRR])/([θLL]/[θLL])。
18.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中所述处理器用于:使用快速傅里叶变换或者小波分析将所述第一信号和所述第二信号分解成频域。
19.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中所述处理器用于:计算所述效价值的导数,所述导数代表效价随时间的变化。
20.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中所述媒体包括电视广播、视频游戏、视听广告、棋盘游戏、卡片游戏、现场表演事件、平面广告或网络广告中的一个或多个。
21.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中所述处理器用于:
识别与所述效价值对应的时间点;
识别与所述时间点基本上同时发生的所述媒体的事件;
将所述效价值与所述事件关联;以及
将所述效价值匹配到所述媒体。
22.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中所述参考值包括多个之前计算的其他个人的效价值的平均值。
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