CN102712528A - 车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法 - Google Patents
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- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/04—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
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- C03C2218/30—Aspects of methods for coating glass not covered above
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于得到制造能够遮蔽太阳能和具有电磁波透射性的车辆用窗玻璃的方法。该车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其特征在于,其为使用真空成膜法形成红外线反射膜的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其包括通过干式蚀刻除去具有电磁波透射窗的红外线反射膜的膜端部的工序,所述电磁波透射窗使用掩模材料形成且透射电磁波,特别是其特征在于,作为所述干式蚀刻手段使用磨石或激光。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及形成有红外线反射膜的车辆用窗玻璃,特别涉及形成有具有电磁透射窗的红外线反射膜的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法。
背景技术
以往,从减小空调负荷为代表的节能观点出发,存在要极力减小红外线的影响的倾向。由于该倾向,近年来对于车辆用玻璃,从遮蔽透入车内的太阳辐射能量(以下有时称为“太阳能”)、抑制车内的温度上升、使空调负荷减小的目的出发,特别要求采用在表面形成有能反射红外线的红外线反射膜的热射线遮蔽玻璃。
作为一般的红外线反射膜,已知有在玻璃上将氧化铟与氧化锡的混合膜(ITO膜)、以添加了铝的氧化锌膜为代表的导电性薄膜成膜而得到的膜;用电介质膜夹持银膜的层叠体;用电介质膜夹持氮化物膜的层叠体等。
上述的红外线反射膜,一般是在红外线入射的车窗玻璃整面形成,但是如前述的导电性薄膜、层叠体,由于反射宽波长范围的光、电磁波等,因而作为车辆用玻璃的红外线反射膜使用时,存在使手机的通信、或设置在车辆的车窗玻璃上的玻璃天线的获取降低等、易产生电波障碍的问题。
鉴于这种情况,现在已使用如下方法:相对于车窗玻璃部分地设置未形成上述导电性薄膜、层叠体的透射电磁波的部分(以下有时称为“电磁波透射窗”),从而获得合适的电波透射性(专利文献1)。
作为前述导电性薄膜、层叠体的形成方法,广泛使用溅射法、CVD法等真空成膜法。通常为了设置上述电磁波透射窗,在使用上述真空成膜法进行薄膜的形成时,已知使用如下方法:在成膜前预先利用金属板、薄膜等掩模材料遮盖该电磁波透射窗的掩蔽方法(专利文献2);利用酸等除去所形成的导电性薄膜、层叠体的湿蚀刻方法(专利文献3)。或者广泛已知有利用磨石(专利文献4)或激光(专利文献5)、反应性气体或自由基等加工该红外线反射膜而除去所形成的红外线反射膜的方法(以下有时也称为干式蚀刻)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平7-242441号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2005-310472号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2000-080483号公报
专利文献4:日本特开2005-186209号公报
专利文献5:日本特开2003-66212号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
前述掩蔽方法从量产化、实用性角度考虑是有用的方法,但是使用真空成膜法进行成膜时,由于掩模材料的厚度、形状导致该红外线反射膜在电磁波透射窗与红外线反射膜的边界上部分地变厚、或者产生所述边界不分明的缺陷。如果产生如上述缺陷时,热射线遮蔽玻璃就会发生漫反射、或者变得不透明,存在作为车辆用窗玻璃使用时影响车外的可视性的问题。
另外,车辆用窗玻璃所形成的红外线反射膜,出于获得合适的红外线反射性的目的,多采用含有Ag等金属的物质。但是Ag这种金属对湿蚀刻中所使用的药液的耐久性缺乏,在进行湿蚀刻时会存在该红外线反射膜上产生Ag引起的白浊等缺陷,该缺陷部分不会反射红外线、或者可见光透射性显著下降。
另外,在使用磨石的方法中,虽然削掉所形成的红外线反射膜,但是对进行研磨的形状有所制限,另外,有时会在研磨面的玻璃板上产生模糊,在玻璃板上产生模糊时,存在导致透过玻璃板的像变形的问题。
另外,使用激光的方法,是照射激光由该激光的热使所形成的红外线反射膜蒸发的方法,但是面积增大时,即使延长照射激光的时间也存在难以充分除去红外线反射膜的问题。
另外,另一方面,想要不费时间而进行红外线反射膜的除去,就必须提高激光的强度,从而会给玻璃面带来损伤,玻璃板变得容易被破坏。
鉴于上述问题,本发明的目的在于得到制造能够遮蔽太阳能和具有电磁波透射性的车辆用窗玻璃的方法。
用于解决问题的方案
发明人对上述课题进行深入研究,结果发现,使用激光、磨石将通过掩蔽形成的电磁波透射窗和与该电磁波透射窗相接的红外线反射膜的端部进行处理,从而可以解决上述课题。
即,本发明的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其特征在于,其为使用真空成膜法形成红外线反射膜的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其包括通过干式蚀刻除去具有电磁波透射窗的红外线反射膜的膜端部的工序,所述电磁波透射窗使用掩模材料形成且透射电磁波。
即,一种车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其为使用真空成膜法形成红外线反射膜的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其特征在于,包括如下工序:在板玻璃上设置掩模材料的工序;在设置有该掩模材料的板玻璃面上形成红外线反射膜的工序;该红外线反射膜形成后除去该掩模材料而形成电磁波透射窗的工序;除去该掩模材料后,通过干式蚀刻将与非覆膜部(电磁波透射窗)和覆膜部(红外线反射膜)的边界相接的红外线反射膜端部除去的工序。
上述的电磁波透射窗是指没有形成红外线反射膜的车辆用窗玻璃的部分。该电磁波透射窗的面积只要能透射电磁波就可以,按照反射50%以上波长900~1400nm的波长区域的光来设计。
上述的红外线反射膜的膜端部是指与使用掩模材料形成的电磁波透射窗相接的红外线反射膜的端部,包括所述的具有缺陷的部分。
另外,本发明的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其特征在于,使用磨石或激光作为所述干式蚀刻。
另外,本发明的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其特征在于,红外线反射膜为导电性薄膜。
发明的效果
根据本发明,作为车辆用窗玻璃能在红外线反射膜上形成电磁波透射窗而不破坏可视性。另外,作为合适的实施方式之一,由于使用激光、磨石的面积小,因此能抑制对玻璃的损伤。
具体实施方式
作为玻璃板,只要是透明玻璃就可以,无色或者有色均可以。例如可以是蓝色、青铜色、灰色或绿色玻璃等,也可以是吸收紫外线、红外线的玻璃。另外,也可以使用强化玻璃、半强化玻璃等,玻璃基板为无机质或有机质。另外,玻璃的厚度优选为1.6~5.0mm。
所述红外线反射膜可以具有合适的红外线反射性和可见光透射性,作为反射红外线的主要成分可列举出Ag、Zn、Ti、Sn、Cr、Nb、Ta、Al、In、ITO、ATO、AZO、GZO、IZO等,这些成分可以作为金属膜、导电性薄膜使用。进而,也可以使用以上述成分用作主要成分的金属膜、导电性薄膜与电介质膜等层叠而成的层叠膜。或者所述热射线反射层可以为将电介质膜多层层叠而成的光学干涉膜。
另外,所形成的红外线反射膜的厚度只要不破坏红外线反射性、可见光透射性、可视性,膜不发生裂纹等缺陷,对其没有特别限定,例如可以为300nm以下,优选为50nm以下。
上述红外线反射膜使用导电性薄膜时,且该导电性薄膜的表面电阻值为500Ω/□以下时,由于反射因等离子体振荡产生的振荡数低的电磁波,因此作为热射线遮蔽玻璃具有合适的红外线反射性,是优选的。另外,上述的红外线反射性在波长900nm至1400nm的波长区域具有超过50%的反射极大值时,作为适合车辆用的玻璃,是优选的。
本发明的车辆用窗玻璃使用真空成膜法而形成,例如可列举出溅射法、电子束蒸镀法、离子束沉积法、离子镀膜法等,优选使用容易保证均匀性的溅射法。溅射法例如可列举出DC(直流)溅射方式、AC(交流)溅射方式、高频溅射方式、磁控溅射方式。其中,由于具有工艺稳定且容易大面积成膜的优点,优选为DC磁控溅射法、AC磁控溅射法。
在形成电磁波透射窗时,优选使用磨石、激光,可以根据除去的红外线反射膜的形状、位置适当选择。磨石最好被设置于研磨机上,作为磨石的种类,例如可列举出金刚石、SiC、氧化铝、BN等,作为粘结材料,可列举出以铁、铸铁、碳等导电材料构成的材质。
磨石的粒度、圆周速度可以根据所要求的表面状态适当选择,例如粒度为0.6~20μm、圆周速度为800~1200m/分钟左右。另外,根据需要可以使用冷却液。
激光可以使用公知的激光,例如可列举出红宝石激光、各种YAG激光、二氧化碳激光等气体激光等,特别优选使用YAG激光(波长:1060nm或1064nm)。光束直径优选为0.5~1.5mm,除去红外线反射膜时的除去宽度根据透镜是可变的,可以设定合适的宽度。另外,光束强度最好为20~500W,超过上述范围时,对玻璃有损伤,红外线反射膜的除去变得不充分。
另外,加工速度可以为400~8000mm2/秒。进而,激光可以从形成有红外线反射膜的膜面照射,也可以从玻璃面照射,由于从玻璃面照射时的光束强度容易调节,所以是优选的。
在玻璃板上形成有红外线反射膜的覆膜玻璃可以作为单层、夹层玻璃、多层玻璃等使用。作为车辆用窗玻璃,例如能充分适用于汽车的前窗、后窗或侧窗、或者天窗、遮阳板等、尤其是挡风玻璃。特别是用作车辆的前窗玻璃时,使用夹层玻璃。
制作本发明的夹层玻璃时,准备与上述的覆膜玻璃不同的玻璃板,在覆膜玻璃和玻璃板两张玻璃之间撒上脱模剂,在脱模剂撒上后合并两张玻璃板成为一体,将成为一体的玻璃板设置在模具等保持材料上,然后进行加热弯曲加工。
弯曲加工方法可以适当选择自重法、压制法等。弯曲工序后在常温下冷却玻璃板,冷却后将PVB、EVA等树脂膜夹持在两张玻璃板之间,通过液压或气压的高压釜进行压接,从而能形成夹层玻璃。使用PVB膜时,优选在加热温度120~145℃、压力1.03×106~1.27×106Pa/m2下制造。
以下用合适的实施例对本发明进行说明。予以说明,本发明不限于以下实施例。
首先,将厚度2.1mm的浮法玻璃板(500mm×300mm)依次用中性洗涤剂、清水冲洗、异丙醇进行洗涤、干燥。
接着,干燥后的玻璃板的一面上设置矩形150mm见方的掩模材料,使用DC磁控溅射装置形成包含Ag膜的层叠膜。此时,该装置的真空腔室内用真空泵脱气至约为5×10-4Pa后,导入溅射气体使真空腔室内的压力为0.36Pa,边运送设置有掩模材料的玻璃板,边在整面上形成红外线反射膜。
红外线反射膜形成后,除去上述掩模材料,在掩模材料除去后使用Nd-YAG激光,使光束的照射角度为90°,进行红外线反射膜端部的除去。除去后进行洗涤、干燥,可以获得具有电磁波透射窗的合适的车辆用窗玻璃。
Claims (13)
1.一种车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其特征在于,其为使用真空成膜法形成红外线反射膜的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其包括通过干式蚀刻来除去具有电磁波透射窗的红外线反射膜的膜端部的工序,所述电磁波透射窗使用掩模材料形成且透射电磁波。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其特征在于,所述干式蚀刻使用磨石或激光。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其特征在于,红外线反射膜为导电性薄膜。
4.一种车辆用夹层玻璃的制造方法,其特征在于,其包括权利要求1~3中任一项所述的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法。
5.一种车辆用夹层玻璃,其通过权利要求4所述的制造方法来制造。
6.一种车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其为使用真空成膜法形成红外线反射膜的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其特征在于,包括如下工序:在板玻璃上设置掩模材料的工序;在设置有该掩模材料的板玻璃面上形成红外线反射膜的工序;该红外线反射膜形成后除去该掩模材料而形成电磁波透射窗的工序;除去该掩模材料后,通过干式蚀刻将与非覆膜部(电磁波透射窗)和覆膜部(红外线反射膜)的边界相接的红外线反射膜端部除去的工序。
7.根据权利要求6所述的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,其特征在于,所述干式蚀刻使用磨石或激光。
8.根据权利要求7所述的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,所述磨石选自由金刚石、SiC、氧化铝或BN组成的组中的至少1种。
9.根据权利要求8所述的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,所述磨石的粒度为0.6~20μm。
10.根据权利要求9所述的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,将所述磨石设置于研磨机上并使旋转圆周速度为800~1200m/分钟而进行干式蚀刻。
11.根据权利要求7所述的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,所述激光为波长1060nm或1064nm的YAG激光。
12.根据权利要求11所述的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,所述YAG激光的光束直径为0.5~1.5mm,光束强度为20~500W。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法,所述YAG激光的加工速度为400~8000mm2/秒。
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US6356236B1 (en) * | 1998-04-21 | 2002-03-12 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Transparent plate, in particular partition glass provided with a coating reflecting radiation and a window permeable to high frequency radiation |
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