CN102696448B - Method for afforesting on cutover land - Google Patents
Method for afforesting on cutover land Download PDFInfo
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- CN102696448B CN102696448B CN201210015074.3A CN201210015074A CN102696448B CN 102696448 B CN102696448 B CN 102696448B CN 201210015074 A CN201210015074 A CN 201210015074A CN 102696448 B CN102696448 B CN 102696448B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry, and in particular relates to a method for afforesting on a cutover land. The method comprises the following process flows: branch cleaning; central rope distributing in a vertical central zone; vertical afforestation zone divisiding and plant position administrating; chemical grass controlling; hole clearing and digging; fertilizer mixing; surface soil backfilling for forming mounds; afforesting; and young forest administrating. The method can be used for replacing the conventional control burning afforestation method, avoiding causing a serious consequence that the original ecology of a forest land is destroyed by control burning afforestation, realizing no control burning, minimum tillage and no tillage of the modern ecologic forests, and therefore, the method is an essential technical method for realizing the sustainable development of the forestry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of forestry, what be specifically related to is the methods of cultivation about cutting blank afforestation technology.
Background technology
There are 40 Duo Ge section more than 100 kind of weeds through investigation forest land weeds shrub, but formed to cause harm to treelet and the most serious only have cogongrass (Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, Bai Mang, large awns etc.), shrub, awns beanstalk bone, assorted bamboo four major types.Cutting blank not only grows above-mentioned weeds, and normal containing object treelet, indigenous tree species and non-object treelet, makes regeneration difficulty large.The regeneration of current cutting blank generally all adopts traditional " refining mountain " method, although weeds shrub for the moment " reducing to flying ashes and smouldering smoke ", looks look simple and fast, hide future trouble: " refining mountain " afforestation not only easily causes forest fire, causes water and soil loss, CO
2discharge is serious, and is all burnt the object treelet, indigenous tree species etc. in cutting blank, destroys forest land ecosystem and bio-diversity.Therefore to cutting blank, scientific forestation is implemented, most important.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the methods of cultivation of a kind of cutting blank afforestation technology, cutting blank is implemented to the modern high technology of not " refining mountain " afforesting, afforest to avoid tradition " refining mountain " and forest land ecosystem is caused to the serious consequence of damage.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
Methods of cultivation for cutting blank afforestation technology, comprise following technological process:
Cleaning branch-→ vertical in its central band cloth axial cord-→ dial vertical afforestation band and determine strain position-→ chemistry control grass-→ clear acupuncture point dig cave-→ fertilising stir-→ return table soil to do pier-→ afforestation-→ young growth and manage.Wherein:
Cleaning branch comprises branch is cut into branch section; In vertical, its central band cloth axial cord comprises the method for vertical middle its central band and cloth axial cord; Dial vertical afforestation band with determine strain position comprise drying parallel apart from band, cloth line-spacing rope, determine vertical afforestation band center line, dial vertically to afforest and be with and determine the method for strain position; Chemistry control straw bag draw together shrub go out except, cogongrass prevention and control, assorted bamboo prevent and kill off, awns beanstalk bone prevents and kill off; Clear acupuncture point is dug cave and is comprised acupuncture point and dig cave method clearly; The mechanical agitation comprising cave bottom application fertilizer is stirred in fertilising; Return table soil to do pier and comprise the shape size constructing knoll; Afforestation comprises seedling treatment and crab rooting seedling afforestation, nutritious bag seedling, Light media seedling, nutritive cube seedling afforestation; Young growth management comprises waters normal root water, frequently thin fertilizer, weeds except control.
Outstanding advantages of the present invention is, adopt this technology to afforest and not only substitute tradition " refining mountain " afforestation, reach exempt from " refining ", minimal till, no-tillage modern ecological forest culture and management, and each processing step of cutting blank afforestation is summed up by repetition test, there is higher science, preferably practicality and thinner Operating Guideline.The present invention realizes the requisite method of forestry sustainable development.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the actual methods of cultivation, the present invention is described in further detail.
Methods of cultivation for cutting blank afforestation technology, comprise following technological process:
Cleaning branch-→ vertical in its central band cloth axial cord-→ dial vertical afforestation band and determine strain position-→ chemistry control grass-→ clear acupuncture point dig cave-→ fertilising stir-→ return table soil to do pier-→ afforestation-→ young growth and manage.Wherein:
1, branch is cleared up.Cut down log after producing material is transported, remaining good-for-nothing branch, cut into the branch section of 60-100 centimetre length with Xinghua board BG490 mowing filling machine, be ground into the raw material of industry or pile up forest land allow it rot into the source of manure gradually with burning carbon machine burning carbon or microtome under mountain clearly.
2, vertical middle its central band cloth axial cord.Each of cutting blank is domatic, carries out prepare for afforestation as an individual.In order to normalization criteriaization afforestation, first dial on domatic vertical one from mountain vertical under mountain in its central band axial cord on cloth.Concrete operation method: plug in a mark post (mark post has red-label) at a domatic center, top, hillside, is as the criterion with this mark post and finds a target accurately under vertical direction aims at mountain and plug in a mark post, in the middle of the straight line of two mark posts, plug in a mark post again.The weeds shrub on each 40 centimetres wide of two limits about cutting off straight line with pasting from below to up along three mark post straight lines, transfering to outside band along cutting gesture cutting off weeds shrub, forming 0.8 meter wide perpendicular to the horizontal middle its central band in the foot of the hill.Then at the center of middle its central band, cloth thick redness of pencil moulds rope, and this rope is strained to straight line, and is fixed on the spud pile at three mark post places, this fixedly moulds rope and is called axial cord.Cut weeds shrub and can use Xinghua board BG490 mowing filling machine.
3, dial vertical afforestation band and determine strain position.Be with for starting point mows to dial to the horizontal direction (crossing with axial cord in 90 °) of from left to right with spud pile on axial cord, bandwidth 0.8 meter, cut off the dial-out of taking advantage of a situation of weeds shrub and be placed in below band, form a horizontal line-spacing band.Select the red rope of plastics that a pencil is thick, rope is from first to last pricked line-spacing mark (marking available white cloth wire rope handling to tighten) of reproducting tree species, and the red rope of these plastics is called line-spacing rope.Then a line-spacing mark in line-spacing rope stage casing is fixed on the spud pile of axial cord, then line-spacing rope two ends, level is stretching in the lateral direction, is fixed on the center line of horizontal line-spacing band.With same method, be as the criterion with another two spud piles of axial cord, then dial two horizontal line-spacing bands, cloth two line-spacing ropes.On these three horizontal line-spacing bands, cloth three line-spacing ropes, are parallel to each other between them, and its corresponding line-spacing mark plugs in mark post, and this three mark posts are on a vertical straight line, and this straight line is the center line of vertical afforestation band.With this vertically afforestation band center line be as the criterion, paste the weeds shrub that ground cuts off each 40 centimetres wide of two limits about straight line from below to up, the vertical afforestation forming 0.8 meter wide is with.When carrying out mowing filling, the weeds shrub of cutting off is transferred to outside band.When line-spacing rope corresponding line plugs in mark post on mark, available 6 mark posts are inserted on adjacent line-spacing mark, form two vertically afforestation band center lines, this being brought three mark posts to move on to Article 3 after this band of vertically afforesting cuts vertically afforests on the corresponding line distance mark of band, carry out Article 2 immediately vertically to afforest band mowing brush, so one by one band of vertically afforesting has been cut.When cutting band, by reproducting tree species spacing in the rows, three bar straight lines determine strain position, strain position is inserted a bamboo wood paxilla, and this is the acupuncture point central point digging cave thereafter.Finding that when cutting band excellent native soil is set, precious tree all will stay, forming the mixed forests with many species, increasing bio-diversity, improve forest quality gradually.
4, chemistry control grass.
(1) forest land shrub is gone out and removes: when adopting Xinghua board B6490 mowing to fill with machine cut filling, fill with the dilution removing control agent immediately squirt the shrub stake face of just having cut with forest land Qiao.
Described forest land " tall filling removes control agent ", be the bushing agent in mirror No. 80th, word [1998] " the Fujian Forest management overall process chemical weed control series of studies " achievement of Fujian, the special bushing agent of forest land shrub and pile prevented and kill off specially by this medicament.
(2) forest land grows the cogongrass prevention and control such as Caulis Miscanthis floriduli: first paste ground with Xinghua board BG490 mowing filling machine to cogongrass such as growing more than 1 meter height Caulis Miscanthis floriduli in cutting blank and all cut off.Before and after felling, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli sprays the forest land thatch dilution agent liquid that goes out when growing to 60-80 cm height and squirts its cauline leaf and go out and remove.
Described forest land " thatch agent of going out ", the thatch weed killer herbicide that goes out that Fujian reflects in No. 80th, word [1998] " Fujian Forest management overall process chemical weed control series of studies " achievement can be used, add strong deep and thorough auxiliary agent by several inner sucting conduction type cauline leaf inorganic agent to be composited through science, prevent and kill off grass family, the sedge weed such as forest land Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, large awns, leaf of bamboo awns, cogongrass, Bai Yangcao, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge specially, after squirting weeds cauline leaf, Uptake and translocation is disposable to root system pulls the grass up by its roots.The thatch dilution agent liquid that goes out is: (162 grams) water distribution 12.5 kilograms is wrapped in thatch agent one of going out.
(3) forest land bamboo of mixing is prevented and kill off: mix bamboo except control dilution agent liquid (liquid dilution operates by medicament specification Suo Shi with some shooting method) with fixed fire rifle to the bamboo head fixed fire forest land prescinding assorted bamboo, liquid pass through rainy after killed assorted bamboo by rain to assorted bamboo root absorption.When assorted bamboo is struck off, when ground stipes being sprouted long plexi branches and leaves 30-50 cm height, also can spray forest land and mix bamboo except control dilution agent liquid (leaf of bamboo is squirted), withered gradually after Foliage Absorption liquid.Fall medicament on the ground again by rain to assorted bamboo root also by bamboo root absorption, formation secondary is subject to the thorough anti-removal of impurities bamboo of medicine effect.This medicine residual life in soil, is long, it is by microbial degradation in soil, otherwise the fast degraded of rich soil degraded is unrestrained, for this reason must in afforestation dispenser in first 6 months except bamboo, or it is outer to bamboo leading thread fixed fire liquid (afforest after must having had pier in acupuncture point, prevention liquid flows in cave with rainwater) anti-removal of impurities bamboo treelet 1 meter then after afforestation.
The assorted bamboo that described " assorted bamboo is except control agent " can use Fujian to reflect in No. 80th, word [1998] " Fujian Forest management overall process chemical weed control series of studies " achievement is except control agent.
(4) forest land awns beanstalk bone is prevented and kill off: awns beanstalk bone growing height being less than to 40 centimetres, directly sprays forest land awns beanstalk except control agent.Forest land awns beanstalk except control agent by specification is diluted to liquid, spray medicine with spray apparatus, the awns beanstalk bone being sprayed onto medicine is withered gradually.As the dense height of awns beanstalk bone growing way is greater than 40 centimetres, with Xinghua board BG490 mowing filling machine, awns beanstalk bone is cut off, then to the otch dispenser of dichotomy forked fern rhizome portion with pasting.
The awns beanstalk that described " awns beanstalk is except control agent " can use Fujian to reflect in No. 80th, word [1998] " Fujian Forest management overall process chemical weed control series of studies " achievement is except control agent.It is composited by multiple weed killer herbicide, plays a role and awns beanstalk bone is gone out remove through awns beanstalk bone blade and Root Absorption (based on Root Absorption).
5, cave is dug at clear acupuncture point.Carry out acupuncture point clearly after the control of weeds shrubization is withered and dig cave.During clear acupuncture point, about the organic matters such as withe blade on acupuncture point being harrowed to cave around the cave heart outside 50 centimetres, two side.Can carry out behind clear acupuncture point digging cave, dig people from cave and stand firm, drill bit aims at center, acupuncture point, turn on the power and carry out digging cave, suitably can move up and down acupuncture point when having as run in cave stone to bore down, can not move left and right acupuncture point, acupuncture point must in the central line of vertical afforestation band.
6, fertilising is stirred.Plant economic forest, fast-growing woods, rare tree cave bottom application biology (microorganism) ecological organic fertilier 0.5 kilogram.First required fertilizer amount is put into cave during fertilising, then return the other table soil in part cave, allow soil in cave add fertilizer and to account in cave about
during height, mix all with mixing fertile machine low rate mixing 3-6 clay fertilizer in second.Available Xinghua board BFW490 mixes fertile machine and mixes fertilizer, and this machine is identical with BFW490 earth auger, is less than afforestation footpath, cave as long as bit diameter is changed into.Employing is mixed fertile machine and is mixed fertilizer, avoids treelet fertilizer damage, solves and manually mixes fertile effort and uneven problem.
7, return table soil and do pier.After executing cave fertilizer stirring above, the cubsoil that cave surrounding gets out is harrowed to the below in cave, fill into chain-wales, table soil that is left and right for limit, cave, top 3-6 cm thick is uprooted and has smashed, be filled in cave above ground level, gently tamp with hoe brain or hoe handle, and then return 15 centimetres above ground level of table soil, cave surrounding soil layer hoe pine is piled up cave surrounding simultaneously, be built into the circular knoll of 60 cm diameters, a little bar is inserted to show that the cave heart is convenient for afforestation Shi Zhaoxue center in center, cave.
8, afforest.
(1) seedling treatment: the crab rooting seedling of different tree species adopts distinct methods to carry out root system pruning arrangement, then puts immersion treatment in taking root liquid into, then put in red heart soil mud slurry and plant after making beating.Nutritious bag seedling (sloughing plastic sack), Light media seedling, nutritive cube seedling are planted after putting before planting and soaking in taking root liquid immediately.
(2) crab rooting seedling afforestation: during crab rooting seedling afforestation with hoe to deep-cut at center, cave open enter shoot root gently press, gently carry shake nursery stock, make the happy table that returns again of shoot root system native, with hoe brain in the firmly compacting of seedling surrounding, allow seedling and native close contact, then cover and loosen the soil a little, make about 15 centimetres above ground level of 60 cm diameter seedling knolls, make the little Chi shape that is filled with water of 25 cm diameters in knoll top seedling surrounding, so as rainfall with water normal root water and do not outflow, then withered weeds are covered in face, cave.
(3) nutritious bag seedling, Light media seedling, nutritive cube seedling afforestation: dug with cubsoil in hoe handle cave and put into nutritious bag seedling or Light media seedling or nutritive cube seedling, it is urgent that Hui Tuhou uproots brain, after planting, a little loose table earth mulch face is put in 60 cm diameter pier faces, and the little Chi shape that is filled with water of 25 cm diameters is made in knoll top seedling surrounding, then cave surrounded surface organic matter, withered weeds are covered moisturizing on acupuncture point.
9, young growth management.
(1) normal root water is watered: water normal root water in non-spring afforestation or economic forest, the requirement of rare plant afforestation after planting, 1.0 kilograms of clear water are watered in every strain.
(2) frequently thin fertilizer: building rare tree species or poor growth seeds (Lauraceae Fagaceae etc.) or economic forest (oil tea etc.) can degenerate liquid manure (compound potassium sulfate fertilizer+nutrient solution of taking root) in latter one month of cultivation (full moon), connects to water and is conducive to nursery stock several times and takes root survival and growth.
(3) forest land weeds sealer is executed: after seedling is planted one month, treelet tree cover cap is lived, then sprays forest land weeds sealer dilution in acupuncture point surrounding, (concentration presses medicament specification), control cave surrounding weed growth, guarantee that treelet does not hide by weeds and cause harm.
Described forest land " weeds sealer " refers to chemical weed control herbicide before seedling stage in nursery in mirror No. 80th, word [1998] " the Fujian Forest management overall process chemical weed control series of studies " achievement of Fujian.The special special agent closing forest land weed growth be composited through science by several cauline leaf, processing soil treatment agent+auxiliary agent.It can kill the weeds of being just unearthed and can also to control not to be unearthed the sprout growth of annual weed, control about the 1 year phase of grass, makes treelet field planting then from weed encroachment.
Claims (8)
1. methods of cultivation for cutting blank afforestation technology, is characterized in that, comprise following technological process:
Cleaning branch-→ vertical in its central band cloth axial cord-→ dial vertical afforestation band and determine strain position-→ chemistry control grass-→ clear acupuncture point dig cave-→ fertilising stir-→ return table soil to do pier-→ afforestation-→ young growth and manage;
Its central band cloth axial cord in vertical: each of cutting blank is domatic, prepare for afforestation is carried out as an individual, in order to normalization criteriaization afforestation, first dial on domatic vertical one from mountain vertical under mountain in its central band axial cord on cloth, concrete operation method is: insert at a domatic center, top, hillside the mark post that has red-label, be as the criterion under vertical direction aims at mountain with this mark post and find the plug in mark post of a target accurately, a mark post is inserted again in the middle of the straight line of two mark posts, the weeds shrub on each 40 centimetres wide of two limits about cutting off straight line with pasting from below to up along three mark post straight lines, transferred to outside band cut off weeds shrub along cutting gesture, form 80 centimetres wide perpendicular to the horizontal middle its central band in the foot of the hill, at the center of middle its central band, cloth thick redness of pencil moulds rope, and this rope is strained to straight line, and is fixed on the spud pile at three mark post places, this fixedly moulds rope and is called axial cord,
Dial vertical afforestation band and determine strain position: on the basis of having dialled middle its central band, the good axial cord of cloth, drying is parallel apart from band, cloth line-spacing rope, finally dial band of vertically afforesting, concrete operation method is: with spud pile on axial cord for starting point dials the horizontal line-spacing band of band formation one to the horizontal direction mowing of from left to right, the bandwidth of horizontal line-spacing band is 80 centimetres; Select the red rope of plastics that a pencil is thick, rope is from first to last pricked the line-spacing mark of reproducting tree species, and the red rope of these plastics is called line-spacing rope; A line-spacing mark in line-spacing rope stage casing is fixed on the spud pile of axial cord, and then line-spacing rope two ends, level is stretching in the lateral direction, is fixed on the center line of horizontal line-spacing band; With same method, be as the criterion with another two spud piles of axial cord, dial two horizontal line-spacing bands, cloth two line-spacing ropes again, cloth three line-spacing ropes on these three horizontal line-spacing bands, be parallel to each other between them, its corresponding line-spacing mark plugs in mark post, these three mark posts are on a vertical straight line, this straight line is the center line of vertical afforestation band, be as the criterion with this band center line of vertically afforesting, paste the weeds shrub that ground cuts off each 40 centimetres wide of two limits about straight line from below to up, the vertical afforestation forming 80 centimetres wide is with;
Cave is dug at clear acupuncture point: carry out acupuncture point clearly after the control of weeds shrubization is withered and dig cave, during clear acupuncture point, can carry out digging cave around the cave heart behind outer for 50 centimetres, two side about withe rake blade to cave on acupuncture point clear acupuncture point, run in cave when having stone to bore down and suitably move up and down acupuncture point, can not move left and right acupuncture point, acupuncture point must in the central line of vertical afforestation band.
2. the methods of cultivation of a kind of cutting blank according to claim 1 afforestation technology, is characterized in that, described cleaning branch is: forest is adopted for rear remaining good-for-nothing branch, cuts into the branch section of 60-100 centimetre length, provide another use clearly under mountain.
3. the methods of cultivation of a kind of cutting blank according to claim 1 afforestation technology, it is characterized in that, described chemistry control straw bag draw together shrub go out except, cogongrass prevention and control, assorted bamboo prevent and kill off, awns beanstalk bone prevents and kill off, shrub wherein go out except for: the shrub stake face of just having cut is squirted with the dilution that forest land Qiao fills with except controlling agent immediately.
4. the methods of cultivation of a kind of cutting blank according to claim 3 afforestation technology, is characterized in that, cogongrass prevention and control are wherein: the Caulis Miscanthis floriduli before felling and after felling is when growing to 60-80 cm height, spray the forest land thatch dilution agent liquid that goes out and squirt its cauline leaf and go out and remove.
5. the methods of cultivation of a kind of cutting blank according to claim 3 afforestation technology, is characterized in that, assorted bamboo wherein prevent and kill off for: with fixed fire rifle, bamboo is mixed except control dilution agent liquid to the bamboo head fixed fire forest land prescinding assorted bamboo; When assorted bamboo is struck off, when ground stipes being sprouted long plexi branches and leaves 30-50 cm height, spray forest land and mix bamboo except control dilution agent liquid, the leaf of bamboo is squirted.
6. the methods of cultivation of a kind of cutting blank according to claim 3 afforestation technology, is characterized in that, awns beanstalk bone is wherein prevented and kill off as the awns beanstalk bone that growing height is less than to 40 centimetres, directly spray forest land awns beanstalk except control agent; As the dense height of awns beanstalk bone growing way is greater than 40 centimetres, after awns beanstalk bone is cut off with pasting, to the otch dispenser of dichotomy forked fern rhizome portion.
7. the methods of cultivation of a kind of cutting blank according to claim 1 afforestation technology, it is characterized in that, described time table soil does pier and is: after executing cave fertilizer stirring, the cubsoil in cave week is harrowed to the below in cave, fill into chain-wales, table soil that is left and right for limit, cave, top 3-6 cm thick is filled into above ground level in cave and is tamped, and then return 15 centimetres above ground level of table soil, cave surrounding soil layer hoe pine is piled up cave surrounding simultaneously, be built into the circular knoll of 60 cm diameters.
8. the methods of cultivation of a kind of cutting blank according to claim 1 afforestation technology, is characterized in that, afforestation comprises seedling treatment and crab rooting seedling afforestation, nutritious bag seedling, Light media seedling, nutritive cube seedling are afforested; Young growth management comprises waters normal root water, frequently thin fertilizer, weeds except control; Water normal root water: water normal root water to non-spring afforestation or economic forest, rare plant afforestation after planting, 1.0 kilograms of clear water are watered in every strain; Frequently thin fertilizer: build rare tree species or poor growth seeds or economic forest and water the thin liquid manure be made up of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer and nutrient solution of taking root in cultivation for latter one month; Execute forest land weeds sealer: after seedling is planted one month, treelet tree cover cap is lived, then sprays forest land weeds sealer dilution in acupuncture point surrounding, control cave surrounding weed growth, guarantee that treelet does not hide by weeds and cause harm.
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