CN102640719A - Method for cultivating large 3-age river crabs - Google Patents
Method for cultivating large 3-age river crabs Download PDFInfo
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- CN102640719A CN102640719A CN2012101403068A CN201210140306A CN102640719A CN 102640719 A CN102640719 A CN 102640719A CN 2012101403068 A CN2012101403068 A CN 2012101403068A CN 201210140306 A CN201210140306 A CN 201210140306A CN 102640719 A CN102640719 A CN 102640719A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating large 3-age river crabs, which comprises the steps of selecting cultivation water areas, selecting and transporting pea crabs, primarily cultivating crab species, cultivating large crabs, cultivating the 3-age river crabs and the like. The method for cultivating the large 3-age river crabs relies on a matured juvenile-crab cultivating and adult-crab breeding technology at present, and the pea crabs are moved to high altitude areas to be cultured. By utilizing special natural conditions suitable for the river crab to grow in the high altitude areas, the pea crabs are cultivated into large crab species which are intensively cultivated in southern ponds, and the purpose of cultivating the large adult crabs is achieved accordingly. The problem that the size of the cultivated adult crabs is not ideal due to the germplasm problem is effectively solved, the problem that the adult crabs and the crab species have precocious puberty in the cultivating and breeding process is solved, the large-scale production of the cultivated large adult crabs can be achieved, and the economic benefit of river crab cultivation is further improved. In addition, the method for cultivating the large 3-age river crabs is simple in implementation, and the adult crabs cultivated by means of the method is larger than adult crabs cultivated by means of a common cultivating method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, particularly relate to the cultural method of a kind of big specification river crab in three ages.
Background technology
Eriocheir sinensia is claimed river crab, eriocheir sinensis, clear water crab, steamed crab or crab again, and delicious flavour is nutritious, is a kind of economic crab, is one of traditional famous and precious aquatic products of China.The river aquaculture is one of representative industry of the distinctive aquaculture of China, also is one of Export of Chinese Aquatic Products major industry of earning foreign exchange.National culture of Chinese mitten crab output was 23.2 ten thousand tons in 2000.Calendar year 2001,790,000 hectares of national culture of Chinese mitten crab, 28.6 ten thousand tons of output, 14,300,000,000 yuan of the output values; Export 10,000 tons, about 100,000,000 dollars, account for 2.2% and 6.5% of the aquaculture product total volume of exports, total value respectively.Only calendar year 2001 culture of Chinese mitten crab area in Jiangsu Province's just surpasses 20.5 ten thousand hectares, 14.48 ten thousand tons of output.
At present, no matter be the domestic market, still outlet, the big specification of high-quality the Changjiang river water system river crab price is strong all the time, and sees that from culture benefit the ratio of forming of the big specification river crab of high-quality has become key factor.Therefore the production technology that how to develop the big specification river crab of high-quality is present culture of Chinese mitten crab practitioner and industry science and technology research questions of common interest.River crab strong industry band concentrates on the Yangtze river basin, receives the influence of geography and climate (summer, accumulated temperature was high excessively), and FAQs in the breed practice is perplexed in sex premature always in the one-tenth crab cultivating.Adopt the method for control growing (two is smart, and is middle thick) to come the precocious interference of removing property in the cultural technique always, be difficult to realize the technical concept of " large size seedling seed-big products " in other aquatic products kind cultural techniques.For solving the technical problem of this big specification, once carried out utilizing conditions such as underground heat, greenhouse to increase the practice of the growth of its autumn and winter season, obtained certain effect.But, be difficult to form the production of scale owing to receive the influence of facility condition.Therefore one-tenth crab how to cultivate big specification becomes present culture of Chinese mitten crab and needs one of problem of solution badly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides the cultural method that a kind of big specification becomes crab, effectively solves into crab and crab kind simultaneously and cultures the neutral premature convergence problem of cultivation, makes the one-tenth crab of cultivating big specification form the production of scale, and then improves the economic benefit of culture of Chinese mitten crab.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for realizing above-mentioned purpose:
The cultural method of a kind of big specification river crab in three ages comprises the steps:
(1) selection in cultivation waters:
18 ℃ of annual water temperatures, summer water temperature about 25 ℃, surface temperature is no more than 28 ℃ pond, highlands, the pond area is advisable with 10 mu;
(2) selection of pea crab and transportation:
Annual April, select ten thousand/kg of specification 0.8-1.0, and relatively more neat, the body colour color and luster is consistent, and little Huang is glossy, and transparency is good, and swimming is active, the agility of creeping, the pea crab that becomes photosensitive sharp, disease-free, the method for utilizing the juvenile crab case to do fortune is transported to selected cultivation pond;
(3) the preliminary cultivation of crab kind:
The breeding density of pea crab is ten thousand/mu of 0.8-1.2, cultivates the button crab that becomes specification 1000-2000/kg to October then;
(4) cultivation of big specification crab kind:
Naturally after surviving the winter, divide the pool to cultivate the button crab of specification 1000-2000/kg the April in 1 year, the density of cultivation is ten thousand/mu of 0.3-0.5, and in October then, can cultivate into specification is the crab kind of 15-20/kilogram;
(5) three age river crab breed:
The 3rd year with specification be 15-20 only/the crab kind of kilogram puts in a suitable place to breed to southern area and carries out intensive culture, put the pond area in a suitable place to breed and be advisable for 10-15 mu, intensive culture density be 300-400 only/mu; In October then, can cultivate into specification 170-250g/ one-tenth crab only.
The management that pea crab in the above-mentioned steps (3) is cultivated into the button crab is described below:
(1) substrate improvement:
Cultivate and thoroughly to clean up the pond before put in a suitable place to breed in the pond, fully be exposed to the sun;
(2) pasture and water cultivation:
Submerged plants such as pond intersecting parallels plantation hydrilla verticillata, waterweed and eel grass guarantee that the pasture and water coverage rate can reach 60% in the pond;
(3) regulating and controlling water quality:
Mode so that float advances is for a short time refreshed the water periodically, and according to temperature height situation timely adjustment water level height, water level is controlled at 1-1.2m and is advisable, and temperature is high, and water level is high, and temperature is low, and water level is low;
(4) bait feeding:
Adhere to regularly, the location, decide matter, quantitative " four calmly " and see the situation of ingesting, see the situation of moving about, see growing state and, see that " four see " principle science of carrying out of water quality situation throws something and feeds;
(5) prevention from suffering from the diseases:
Nurturing period is noted prevention and the improvement that rotten shell is sick.Can thoroughly clean up the pond with quicklime, keep water cleaning, the new water of often annotating summer, mud at the bottom of the removing pool.Nurturing period, regularly use the quicklime full pool spilling head, its concentration is that 10～20ppm is advisable.
The present invention relies on the ripe seed rearing of present culture of Chinese mitten crab and becomes the crab cultural technique, pea crab is transplanted to the highlands implements to cultivate.Utilize the highlands to be fit to the distinctive natural conditions of river crab ecologic, pea crab is cultivated into big specification crab kind, this specification crab kind is placed on carries out intensive culture in the southern pond, culture the purpose that big specification becomes crab thereby reach; Effectively solved the one-tenth crab of causing and cultured the unfavorable problem of specification, effectively solved into crab and crab kind and culture the neutral premature convergence problem of cultivation, made the one-tenth crab of cultivating big specification form the production of scale, and then improved the economic benefit of culture of Chinese mitten crab because of the germplasm problem.And this method is implemented simple, and the one-tenth crab specification that this method is cultured is obviously greater than common one-tenth crab cultural method.
Embodiment
The cultural method of a kind of big specification river crab in three ages comprises the steps:
(1) selection in cultivation waters:
18 ℃ of annual water temperatures, summer water temperature about 25 ℃, surface temperature is no more than 28 ℃ pond, highlands, the pond area is advisable with 10 mu;
(2) selection of pea crab and transportation:
Annual April, select ten thousand/kg of specification 0.8-1.0, and relatively more neat, the body colour color and luster is consistent, and little Huang is glossy, and transparency is good, and swimming is active, the agility of creeping, the pea crab that becomes photosensitive sharp, disease-free, the method for utilizing the juvenile crab case to do fortune is transported to selected cultivation pond;
(3) the preliminary cultivation of crab kind:
The breeding density of pea crab is ten thousand/mu of 0.8-1.2, cultivates the button crab that becomes specification 1000-2000/kg to October then;
(4) cultivation of big specification crab kind:
Naturally after surviving the winter, divide the pool to cultivate the button crab of specification 1000-2000/kg the April in 1 year, the density of cultivation is ten thousand/mu of 0.3-0.5, and in October then, can cultivate into specification is the crab kind of 15-20/kilogram;
(5) three age river crab breed:
The 3rd year with specification be 15-20 only/the crab kind of kilogram puts in a suitable place to breed to southern area and carries out intensive culture, put the pond area in a suitable place to breed and be advisable for 10-15 mu, intensive culture density be 300-400 only/mu; In October then, can cultivate into specification 170-250g/ one-tenth crab only.
The management that pea crab in the above-mentioned steps (3) is cultivated into the button crab is described below:
(1) substrate improvement:
Cultivate and thoroughly to clean up the pond before put in a suitable place to breed in the pond, fully be exposed to the sun;
(2) pasture and water cultivation:
Submerged plants such as pond intersecting parallels plantation hydrilla verticillata, waterweed and eel grass guarantee that the pasture and water coverage rate can reach 60% in the pond;
(3) regulating and controlling water quality:
Mode so that float advances is for a short time refreshed the water periodically, and according to temperature height situation timely adjustment water level height, water level is controlled at 1-1.2m and is advisable, and temperature is high, and water level is high, and temperature is low, and water level is low;
(4) bait feeding:
Adhere to regularly, the location, decide matter, quantitative " four calmly " and see the situation of ingesting, see the situation of moving about, see growing state and, see that " four see " principle science of carrying out of water quality situation throws something and feeds;
(5) prevention from suffering from the diseases:
Nurturing period is noted prevention and the improvement that rotten shell is sick.Can thoroughly clean up the pond with quicklime, keep water cleaning, the new water of often annotating summer, mud at the bottom of the removing pool.Nurturing period, regularly use the quicklime full pool spilling head, its concentration is that 10～20ppm is advisable.
Below be a specific embodiment of the inventive method:
The pea crab that 1,000,000 specifications that the river crab seed multiplication farm is bought from the Chongming in by the end of April, 2009 are 10000/kilogram, the method for utilizing the juvenile crab case to do fortune is transported to Qinghai plant, cultivates by 8000/mu density; In August, 2009, sampling check finds that it is 1400/kilogram button crab that pea crab is cultivated into specification, after surviving the winter naturally; Divide the pool to cultivate the button crab of 1400/kilogram of specifications in April, 2010, and cultivating density is 4000/mu, and in October, 2010 sampling check is found to detain crab and cultivated into 20/kilogram specification; Crab kind with 20/kilogram of specifications was invested in Yangcheng Lake steamed crab cultivation base in 2011; Throwing in density is 350/mu, carries out intensive culture, and becoming the average specification of crab in October, 2011 is 198 grams/only; Not finding into crab during the breed has the sex premature phenomenon to take place; 60 kilograms of single per mu yields, 14400 yuan/mu of the output values, benefit is at 3800 yuan.
Rely on the ripe seed rearing of present culture of Chinese mitten crab and become the crab cultural technique, pea crab is transplanted to the highlands implements to cultivate.Utilize the highlands to be fit to the distinctive natural conditions of river crab ecologic, pea crab is cultivated into large size seedling seed, then this seed is carried out to the breed of crab at southern area with the mode of intensive culture, thereby reach the purpose of culturing big specification river crab.Just no longer continued growth after the river crab sexual maturity, and the river crab sexual maturity needs certain accumulated temperature, when temperature reaches critical threshold values; River crab is ripe, otherwise then can not be ripe, therefore under certain cryogenic conditions; Can prolong the river crab growth time; Make pea crab cultivate into the crab kind of big specification, and then utilize big specification crab kind to be carried out to the breed of crab, finally reach the purpose that big specification becomes crab to culture.
Claims (2)
1. the cultural method of one kind big specification river crab in three ages comprises the steps:
(1) selection in cultivation waters:
18 ℃ of annual water temperatures, summer water temperature about 25 ℃, surface temperature is no more than 28 ℃ pond, highlands, the pond area is advisable with 10 mu;
(2) selection of pea crab and transportation:
Annual April, select ten thousand/kg of specification 0.8-1.0, and relatively more neat, the body colour color and luster is consistent; Little Huang is glossy, and transparency is good, and swimming is active, the agility of creeping; The pea crab that becomes photosensitive sharp, disease-free, the method for utilizing the juvenile crab case to do fortune is transported to selected (3) and cultivates the pond;
The preliminary cultivation of crab kind:
The breeding density of pea crab is ten thousand/mu of 0.8-1.2, cultivates the button crab that becomes specification 1000-2000/kg to October then;
(4) cultivation of big specification crab kind:
Naturally after surviving the winter, divide the pool to cultivate the button crab of specification 1000-2000/kg the April in 1 year, the density of cultivation is ten thousand/mu of 0.3-0.5, and in October then, can cultivate into specification is the crab kind of 15-20/kilogram;
(5) three age river crab breed:
The 3rd year with specification be 15-20 only/the crab kind of kilogram puts in a suitable place to breed to southern area and carries out intensive culture, put the pond area in a suitable place to breed and be advisable for 10-15 mu, intensive culture density be 300-400 only/mu; In October then, can cultivate into specification 170-250g/ one-tenth crab only.
2. the cultural method of a kind of big specification river crab in three ages according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the management that the pea crab in the step (3) is cultivated into the button crab is described below:
(1) substrate improvement:
Cultivate and thoroughly to clean up the pond before put in a suitable place to breed in the pond, fully be exposed to the sun;
(2) pasture and water cultivation:
Submerged plants such as pond intersecting parallels plantation hydrilla verticillata, waterweed and eel grass guarantee that the pasture and water coverage rate can reach 60% in the pond;
(3) regulating and controlling water quality:
Mode so that float advances is for a short time refreshed the water periodically, and according to temperature height situation timely adjustment water level height, the depth of water is controlled at 1-1.2m and is advisable;
(4) bait feeding:
Adhere to regularly, the location, decide matter, quantitative " four calmly " and see the situation of ingesting, see the situation of moving about, see growing state and, see that " four see " principle science of carrying out of water quality situation throws something and feeds;
(5) prevention from suffering from the diseases:
Nurturing period is noted prevention and the improvement that rotten shell is sick; Can thoroughly clean up the pond with quicklime, keep water cleaning, the new water of often annotating summer, mud at the bottom of the removing pool; Nurturing period, regularly use the quicklime full pool spilling head, its concentration is that 10～20ppm is advisable.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103891651A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-02 | 刘艳春 | Three-year culture process for large-sized river crabs |
| CN104145859A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-11-19 | 苏州市新泾村农业基地专业合作社 | Hairy crab breeding method |
| CN104381180A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-04 | 云南云湖渔业科技有限公司 | Method for stocking Chinese mitten crabs in plateau lake reservoir |
| CN105830977A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-10 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Breeding method capable of increasing proportion of superior commodity crabs |
| CN106342739A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-25 | 铜仁市农业委员会 | Hairy crab stage feeding method |
| CN112219763A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-15 | 云南云湖渔业科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating high-quality crab seedlings in southwest low-latitude plateau area |
| CN112690235A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-23 | 苏州海澄农业科技有限公司 | Method for promoting early sexual maturity of river crabs by using temperature control technology |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103891651A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-02 | 刘艳春 | Three-year culture process for large-sized river crabs |
| CN104145859A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-11-19 | 苏州市新泾村农业基地专业合作社 | Hairy crab breeding method |
| CN104381180A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-04 | 云南云湖渔业科技有限公司 | Method for stocking Chinese mitten crabs in plateau lake reservoir |
| CN104381180B (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-05-18 | 云南云湖渔业科技有限公司 | A kind of plateau lake reservoir is put the method for steamed crab in a suitable place to breed |
| CN105830977A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-10 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Breeding method capable of increasing proportion of superior commodity crabs |
| CN105830977B (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2018-04-24 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of cultural method for improving top grade commodity crab ratio |
| CN106342739A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-25 | 铜仁市农业委员会 | Hairy crab stage feeding method |
| CN112690235A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-23 | 苏州海澄农业科技有限公司 | Method for promoting early sexual maturity of river crabs by using temperature control technology |
| CN112219763A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-15 | 云南云湖渔业科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating high-quality crab seedlings in southwest low-latitude plateau area |
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Application publication date: 20120822 |