CN112219763A - Method for cultivating high-quality crab seedlings in southwest low-latitude plateau area - Google Patents
Method for cultivating high-quality crab seedlings in southwest low-latitude plateau area Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000252069 Megalops Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000179442 Anacharis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000003826 Eichhornia crassipes Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000207740 Lemna minor Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006439 Lemna minor Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013345 egg yolk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000733943 Hapalogaster mertensii Species 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of high-quality crab seedlings in a southwest low latitude plateau area, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting 1-year crab seedlings (crabs) from the east coast of China, putting the crabs into lake reservoirs in the southwest low latitude plateau area, building a parent crab culture pond in the east coast area, selecting parent crabs with female crab individuals not less than 150 g and male crab individuals not less than 200 g for mating and breeding megalops, building a 1-year crab seedling culture pond, selecting and transporting the megalops to the 1-year crab seedling culture pond in the southwest low latitude plateau area for culture, and catching, temporarily culturing and selling the cultured crab seedlings. The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and relates to a method for breeding megalopas by mating in the east coastal region based on biological characteristics and life habits of hairy crabs in combination with the reality of the southwest low latitude plateau region, transporting the megalopas to the southwest low latitude plateau region, and breeding the megalopas into standard 1-year-old crab seedlings for feeding commercial crabs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of high-quality crab seedlings in a southwest low latitude plateau area.
Background
Hairy crab, also known as river crab, the academic name: chinese mitten crabs are rare aquatic products which are famous and famous. The large-scale cultivation of the Chinese hairy crabs starts in the last 80 th century, and through the development of 40 years, although cultivation is carried out all over the country, the large-scale cultivation mainly focuses on the provinces of Jiangsu, Hubei, Anhui and Liaoning. The large-scale industrial pattern taking large and medium lakes such as Taihu lake, Yangcheng lake, Dongting lake, Hongze lake, Yangting lake and nested lake as bases and areas in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, Liaohe river and Minjiang river as industrial zones is formed. The hairy crab cultivation in the southwest area has three unique advantages: (1) and (4) climate advantages. The proper growth temperature of the hairy crabs is 10-30 ℃, the temperature is lower than 10 ℃ or exceeds 30 ℃, the hairy crabs are unfavorable for growth, the requirements of the hairy crabs on the temperature for growth can be met in most regions and most time except for the west and the west, the hairy crabs can exuviate and grow all the year round, and the hairy crabs can not grow normally in nearly half of the year round in east China where the hairy crabs mainly grow due to climate reasons. (2) And water resource advantages. The culture resources of plateau lakes, reservoirs, ponds and paddy fields in the southwest are rich, the water quality is good, and natural baits are abundant, but due to the reasons of history, geography, concept, technology and the like, the southwest pays more attention to the utilization of mountain resources, the reasonable utilization of water resources is neglected, a plurality of aquaculture resources are in idle and semi-idle states, and aquaculture, particularly rare aquaculture, is about 30 years behind in the coastal areas of the eastern part. (3) The cost advantage is as follows: the hairy crabs are cultured in the southwest area, the natural bait is abundant, the rent on the water surface is low, and the labor cost is low.
Although the climate in many low latitude plateau areas in southwest of China is mild, the water resource is rich, the water quality is good, the natural bait is abundant, and the natural conditions for breeding hairy crabs are extremely strong. However, the hairy crabs can not be mated and propagated in fresh water, and can be mated and propagated in water with certain salinity in coastal areas, and for a long time, the hairy crabs raised in the low latitude plateau area of southwest of China almost introduce 1-year-old crab seedlings from the east coastal area to breed commercial crabs. The method has the problems that the method cannot be well adapted to the environment of the southwest low-latitude plateau area; secondly, crab seedlings can be introduced in about half a year each year; thirdly, the crab larva transportation cost is high, the death rate is high, the crab larva introducing cost and risk are directly increased, and the development of the hairy crab industry is restricted.
Based on the situation, in order to develop the hairy crab industry in the southwest low latitude plateau area, meet the market demand and help farmers to defy poverty and become rich, the provenance restriction problem of hairy crab culture must be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, in order to break through the technical bottleneck of crab seedling cultivation in the southwest low latitude plateau area and realize localization of breeding source supply of hairy crabs in the southwest low latitude plateau area, the invention provides a high-quality crab seedling cultivation method with high growth speed, good morphological character, high population yield and strong adaptability in the southwest low latitude plateau area, and fills the blank of high-quality crab seedling cultivation in the southwest low latitude plateau area.
The invention relates to a method for cultivating high-quality crab seedlings in a southwest low latitude plateau area, which specifically adopts the technical scheme and comprises the following steps:
(1) crab seed selection
1-year-old crab seedlings (crabs) with individual specifications of 8-10 g are carefully selected from different places of the east coast of China and introduced into the southwest low latitude plateau area, 1-year-old crabs are put into lake reservoirs of the low latitude plateau area with the altitude of 1500-1800 m, rich natural baits and few natural enemies and are put into the lake reservoirs for stocking for about 10 months, and grown crabs with good growth and strong vitality are selected from the lake reservoirs to serve as breeding crabs for propagation, which are also called parent crabs. Female individual is not less than 150 g, male individual is not less than 200 g;
(2) building parent crab culture pond
Building parent crab culture ponds in east coastal areas, and transporting the selected parent crabs to the parent crab culture ponds prepared in advance in the east coastal areas within 48 hours in an environment with the temperature of 6-8 ℃;
(3) mating and reproduction
Breeding 280-320 kg of parent crabs in each mu of parent crab culture pond, separately and temporarily breeding female and male parent crabs, wherein the temperature difference between the parent crab culture pond and the original living water area of the parent crabs within one week of temporary breeding cannot exceed 6 ℃, the bait difference does not exceed 50%, the water quality difference does not exceed 30%, the artificial spawning promotion is started when the female and male crabs are separately bred to reach sexual maturity and body maturity, the temperature of pond water for artificial spawning promotion is controlled to be 9.5-10.5 ℃, and the proportion of the female crabs to the male crabs is 2: 1, constructing a mating environment with the water salinity of 20-25 per thousand, wherein the area of a single mating pool is not more than 2 mu, putting 2400-2700 matched parent crabs into each mu, mating for 10-15 days, and removing male crabs from the pool when the number of the egg-carrying crabs reaches more than 95%, so that the egg-carrying crabs are left in the pool to hatch until being cultivated into megalops (the daphnia-shaped larvae produced by mating of the parent crabs are converted into megalops through 5 times of molting), wherein the specification is 15-20 million/kg;
(4) construction of 1-year-old crab (larval crab) fry culture pond
Selecting a water area with good ecological environment in the east coastal region to construct a 1-year-old crab (larval crab) fry culture pond, wherein a shallow water area and a deep water area are arranged in the crab fry culture pond, the water depth is 15-180 cm, the water level can be regulated, and the gradient of the shallow water area and the deep water area is 1: 3, single crab seedling culture pond area 2 ~ 3 mu, crab seedling culture pond is equipped with confession drainage facility and oxygenation facility, and crab seedling culture pond is all around with the various steel tile of height about 60 centimetres to build and is prevented escaping the wall, because the four seasons difference in temperature is less in southwest low latitude plateau district, the difference in temperature is great round the clock, the air is rarer, daytime ultraviolet ray is strong, consequently must follow two aspects and cultivate the good ecosystem of building for the crab seedling: firstly, biological bait culture, namely applying fully fermented organic fertilizer to a pond to promote plankton propagation and provide high-quality biological bait for crab seedling culture; secondly, planting aquatic plants, and building a good ecological system, specifically planting duckweed in an area with a water depth of 15-30 cm, planting water hyacinth in an area with a water depth of 31-80 cm, planting elodea nutans in an area with a water depth of 81-130 cm, planting reed rice in an area with a water depth of 131-180 cm, and planting aquatic plants in a crab seedling cultivation pond, so that not only is bait provided for crab seedlings, but also a hidden place is created, and burning and pest invasion of ultraviolet rays to young crabs can be effectively prevented;
(5) picking and transporting larval
The method is characterized in that high-quality megalopas which are disease-free, good in luster, strong in transparency, light yellow in body color, small in individual difference and capable of being alive are selected for desalting, the desalting time is about 7 days, the salinity of a water body is within 4 per thousand when the megalopas are discharged from a pool, the selected megalopas are transported to a southwest low latitude plateau area from an east coastal area, the transporting of the megalopas is carried out by adopting a special crab seedling box, the planning time is long, and the air transportation and the land transportation are combined, so that the completion of the transporting to the southwest low latitude plateau area destination from the origin is ensured within 48 hours. When the larval is transported by adopting transportation tools such as automobiles and the like, the roof and the periphery of the larval are covered, and attention is paid to wind prevention, sun protection, rain prevention, high temperature prevention, dust prevention and strong vibration prevention;
(6) 1-year-old crab seedling (juvenile crab) cultivation
And (4) putting the megalops transported to the southwest low latitude plateau area into a crab seedling culture pond of 1-year crabs (crabs). During the cultivation period of 1-year crab (larval crab), regularly and quantitatively feeding baits, the megalops shed shells again to be transformed into I-period young crabs, the young crabs are shed shells for three times to grow into soybean, the soybean is called as soybean crabs, the specification is 1.5-2 ten thousand per kilogram, the soybean crabs are bred to the condition that the weight of each crab is 5-10 g, the specification is 100-250 per kilogram to become 1-year crabs, the crabs are similar to buttons in size, and the crabs are called as larval crabs, and the 1-year crab (larval crab) juvenile crabs are standard crab species for feeding commercial crabs;
(7) crab fry catching and temporary rearing
Selecting a place with a good water source to install a temporary culture net cage, wherein the area of each temporary culture net cage is about 5 square meters, connecting a plurality of temporary culture net cages to be installed in a straight shape, installing a shading and enemy-killing net at the top end of each temporary culture net cage, placing a ground cage at a place where crab seedlings are frequently movably eaten for catching, selecting and grading 1-year-old crab (crab-catching) crab seedlings, and separately placing a male part and a female part in the temporary culture net cages for transportation and sale.
Further, the temperature range of the low-temperature environment in the step (2) is 6-8 ℃.
And (3) further, combining natural baits and artificial baits, wherein the natural baits comprise plankton, aquatic plants, benthos and the like, and the artificial baits are animal and plant mixed baits.
Further, during the period from the time when the megalops goes into the pond to the time when molting and metamorphosis become I-stage juvenile crabs, plankton in the pond is taken as main bait, soybean milk, cooked egg yolk and the like are added when the megalops is insufficient, and the megalops is fed for 6-7 times a day.
Further, the crab breeding of 1-year-old crabs (crabs) in low latitude plateau areas comprises three stages, wherein the first stage lasts for about 45 days, the bait comprises 40% of crude protein, the animal protein accounts for 60% of the total weight of the crude protein of the bait, and the daily bait feeding amount accounts for 7-9% of the total weight of the crabs; the second stage is about 75 days, plant baits are taken as main baits, the baits comprise 32% of feed crude protein, and the daily bait feeding amount is 4-6% of the total weight of the crab bodies; the third stage is about 120 days, the bait comprises 40% of feed crude protein, wherein the animal protein bait accounts for 20% of the crude protein, and the daily bait amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the crab.
The invention with the structure has the following beneficial effects: the method is proved by practice that in order to solve the problems that cost is high and adaptability is poor when hairy crabs cultured in the southwest low latitude plateau area are directly introduced into 1-year crab seedlings, an optimal method is provided, rare aquaculture is developed by reasonably utilizing abundant water resources in the southwest low latitude plateau area of China, economic development is promoted, market requirements are met, and farmers are helped to slip off poverty and become rich, and the method has remarkable popularization and application values.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a cultivation method of high-quality crab seedlings in a southwest low latitude plateau area, which adopts the following technical scheme:
(1) crab seed selection
Carefully selecting 1-year-old crab seedlings (crabs) with individual specifications of 8-10 g from different places of coastal areas in the east of China, introducing the crabs into low latitude plateau areas in the southwest, selecting lake reservoirs in the low latitude plateau areas with the altitude of 1500-1800 m, rich natural baits and few natural enemies to put in the 1-year-old crabs, stocking for about 10 months, and selecting grown crabs with good growth and strong vitality as breeding crabs, also called parent crabs, wherein female crabs in the parent crabs are not less than 150 g, and male crabs are not less than 200 g;
(2) building parent crab culture pond
Building parent crab culture ponds in east coastal areas, and transporting the selected parent crabs to the parent crab culture ponds prepared in advance in east coastal areas in an environment of 6-8 ℃ within 48 hours.
(3) Mating and reproduction
Breeding 280-320 kg of parent crabs in each mu of parent crab culture pond, separately breeding female and male parent crabs temporarily, controlling the temperature difference between the parent crab culture pond and the original living water area of the parent crabs within one week of stocking to be not more than 6 ℃, the bait difference to be not more than 50%, the water quality difference to be not more than 30%, starting artificial spawning promotion when the female and male crabs are bred separately to reach sexual maturity and body maturity, controlling the temperature of pond water for artificial spawning promotion to be 9.5-10.5 ℃, and controlling the proportion of the female crabs to the male crabs to be 2: 1, constructing a mating environment with the water salinity of 20-25 per thousand, wherein the area of a single mating pool is not more than 2 mu, putting 2400-2700 matched parent crabs into each mu, mating for 10-15 days, and removing male crabs from the pool when the number of the egg-carrying crabs reaches more than 95%, so that the egg-carrying crabs are left in the pool to hatch until being cultivated into megalops (the daphnia-shaped larvae produced by mating of the parent crabs are converted into megalops through 5 times of molting), wherein the specification is 15-20 million/kg;
(4) construction of 1-year-old crab (larval crab) fry culture pond
Selecting a water area with good ecological environment in a southwest low latitude plateau area to build a 1-year crab (larval crab) fry culturing pool, wherein a shallow water area and a deep water area are arranged in the crab fry culturing pool, the water depth is 15-180 cm, the water level can be regulated, and the gradient of the shallow water area and the deep water area is 1: 3, single crab seedling culture pond area 2 ~ 3 mu, crab seedling culture pond is equipped with confession drainage facility and oxygenation facility, and crab seedling culture pond is all around with the various steel tile of height about 60 centimetres to build and is prevented escaping the wall, because the four seasons difference in temperature is less in southwest low latitude plateau district, the difference in temperature is great round the clock, the air is rarer, daytime ultraviolet ray is strong, consequently must follow two aspects and cultivate the good ecosystem of building for the crab seedling: firstly, biological bait culture, namely applying fully fermented organic fertilizer to a pond to promote plankton propagation and provide high-quality biological bait for crab seedling culture; secondly, planting aquatic plants to build a good ecological system, specifically planting duckweeds in an area with a water depth of 15-30 cm, planting water hyacinth in an area with a water depth of 31-80 cm, planting elodea nutans in an area with a water depth of 81-130 cm, planting reed rice in an area with a water depth of 131-180 cm, planting aquatic plants in lake reservoirs for breeding young crabs, providing a hidden place for the young crabs, and preventing ultraviolet rays from burning the young crabs;
(5) picking and transporting larval
The method comprises the following steps of selecting high-quality megalopas which are disease-free, have good luster, strong transparency, light yellow body color, small individual difference and vitality for desalting, wherein the desalting time is about 7 days, the salinity of a water body is within 4 per thousand when the megalopas are taken out of a pool, the selected megalopas are transported to a southwest low latitude plateau area from an east coastal area, the transportation of the megalopas is carried out by adopting a special crab fry box, the planned time is long, the air transportation and the land transportation are combined, the destination from the start of transportation to the southwest low latitude plateau area is ensured to be completed within 48 hours, the roofs and the peripheries of the megalopas are covered when the megalopas are transported by adopting transportation tools such as automobiles, and the like, and the aims of keeping wind, sun, rain, high temperature and dust prevention and preventing strong vibration are taken;
(6) cultivation of young 1-year-old crab
The macrodactylis transported to a southwest low latitude plateau area is put into a crab larva breeding pond of 1-year crabs (larval crabs), the macrodactylis again molted to be transformed into I-stage juvenile crabs, the juvenile crabs grow to be soybean in size after three times of molting, the macrodactylis called bean crabs, the specification is 1.5-2 ten thousand per kilogram, the bean crabs are bred to be 5-10 g of the weight of each crab, the specification is 100-250 per kilogram to become 1-year crabs, the shells of the 1-year crabs (larval crabs) are similar to the size of buttons of a jacket, and the 1-year crabs (larval crabs) are called larval crabs which are standard crab species for feeding commercial crabs. Regularly feeding baits during the cultivation period of 1-year-old crab (larval crab), wherein the baits are selected and combined by natural baits and artificial baits, and the natural baits comprise plankton, aquatic plants, benthos and the like; the artificial bait selects animal and plant mixed bait, plankton in a pond is used as main bait during the period from the time when megalops are placed in a pond to molting and metamorphosis is stage I juvenile crabs, soybean milk, cooked egg yolk and the like are added when the megalops are insufficient, the artificial bait is fed for 6-7 times every day, 1-year juvenile crabs (crabs) in low latitude plateau areas are fed for three stages, the first stage is about 45 days, the bait comprises 40% of crude protein, wherein the animal protein accounts for 60% of the total amount of the crude protein of the bait, and the daily bait feeding amount is 7-9% of the total weight of the crabs; the second stage is about 75 days, plant baits are taken as main baits, the baits comprise 32% of feed crude protein, and the daily bait feeding amount is 4-6% of the total weight of the crab bodies; the third stage is about 120 days, the bait comprises 40% of feed crude protein, wherein the animal protein bait accounts for 20% of the crude protein, and the daily bait amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the crab.
(7) Crab fry catching and temporary rearing
Selecting a place with a good water source to install a temporary culture net cage, wherein the area of each temporary culture net cage is about 5 square meters, connecting a plurality of temporary culture net cages to be installed in a straight shape, installing a shading and enemy-killing net at the top end of each temporary culture net cage, placing a ground cage at a place where crab seedlings are frequently movably eaten for catching, selecting and grading 1-year-old crab (crab-catching) crab seedlings, and separately placing a male part and a female part in the temporary culture net cages for transportation and sale.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A cultivation method of high-quality crab seedlings in southwest low latitude plateau areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crab seed selection
1-year-old crab seedlings with individual specifications of 8-10 g, namely juvenile crabs, are carefully selected from different places of the east coast of China and introduced into the southwest low latitude plateau area, 1-year-old crabs are put into lake reservoirs of the low latitude plateau area with the altitude of 1500-1800 m, rich natural baits and few natural enemies and are put into the lake reservoirs for stocking for about 10 months, and grown crabs with good growth and strong vitality are selected from the lake reservoirs to serve as breeding crabs, also called parent crabs. Female individual is not less than 150 g, male individual is not less than 200 g;
(2) building parent crab culture pond
Building parent crab culture ponds in east coastal areas, and transporting the selected parent crabs to the parent crab culture ponds prepared in the east coastal areas in a low-temperature environment within 48 hours;
(3) mating and reproduction
Breeding 280-320 kg of parent crabs in each mu of parent crab culture pond, separately and temporarily breeding female and male parent crabs, wherein the temperature difference between the parent crab culture pond and the original living water area of the parent crabs within one week of temporary breeding cannot exceed 6 ℃, the bait difference does not exceed 50%, the water quality difference does not exceed 30%, the artificial spawning promotion is started when the female and male crabs are separately bred to reach sexual maturity and body maturity, the temperature of pond water for artificial spawning promotion is controlled to be 9.5-10.5 ℃, and the proportion of the female crabs to the male crabs is 2: 1, building a mating environment with the water salinity of the pool being 20-25 per thousand, wherein the area of a single mating pool is not more than 2 mu, putting 2400-2700 matched parent crabs into each mu, mating for 10-15 days, and removing male crabs from the pool when the number of egg-carrying crabs reaches more than 95%, so that the egg-carrying crabs are left in the pool to hatch until being cultivated into megalops, wherein the specification is 15-20 ten thousand per kilogram;
(4) construction of 1-year crab larva (juvenile crab) cultivation pool
Selecting a water area with good ecological environment in a southwest low latitude plateau area to build a 1-year crab (larval crab) fry culturing pool, wherein a shallow water area and a deep water area are arranged in the crab fry culturing pool, the water depth is 15-180 cm, the water level can be regulated, and the gradient of the shallow water area and the deep water area is 1: 3, single crab seedling cultivation pond area 2 ~ 3 mu, crab seedling cultivation pond is equipped with confession drainage facility and oxygenation facility, and crab seedling cultivation pond is built with the various steel tile about 60 centimetres of height all around and is prevented escaping the wall, need regard good ecosystem when crab seedling cultivation pond is built: firstly, biological bait culture, namely applying fully fermented organic fertilizer to a pond to promote plankton propagation and provide high-quality biological bait for crab seedling culture; secondly, planting aquatic plants to build a good ecological system, specifically planting duckweed in an area with a water depth of 15-30 cm, planting water hyacinth in an area with a water depth of 31-80 cm, planting elodea nutans in an area with a water depth of 81-130 cm, and planting reed rice in an area with a water depth of 131-180 cm;
(5) picking and transporting larval
The method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting disease-free, bright, transparent and strong-sense high-quality megalopas which are light yellow in body color, small in individual difference and capable of moving for desalting, wherein desalting time is about 7 days, when the megalopas are taken out of a pool, the salinity of a water body is within 4 per thousand, the selected megalopas are transported from the east coastal area to the southwest low latitude plateau area, the transport of the megalopas is carried out by adopting a special crab seedling box, air transport and land transport are combined, the completion of the transport from the origin to the southwest low latitude plateau area within 48 hours is ensured, when the megalopas is transported by adopting transport tools such as automobiles and the like, the roof and the periphery of the megalopas are covered, and attention is paid to wind prevention, sun protection, rain prevention, high temperature prevention, dust prevention;
(6) cultivation of young 1-year-old crab
And (3) putting the megalops transported to the southwest low latitude plateau area into a crab seedling culture pond of 1-year crabs (crabs). During the cultivation period of 1-year crab (larval crab), regularly and quantitatively feeding baits, the megalops shed shells again to be transformed into I-period young crabs, the young crabs are shed shells for three times to grow into soybean, the soybean is called as soybean crabs, the specification is 1.5-2 ten thousand per kilogram, the soybean crabs are bred to the condition that the weight of each crab is 5-10 g, the specification is 100-250 per kilogram to become 1-year crabs, the crabs are similar to buttons in size, and the crabs are called as larval crabs, and the 1-year crab (larval crab) juvenile crabs are standard crab species for feeding commercial crabs;
(7) crab fry catching and temporary rearing
Selecting a place with a good water source to install a temporary culture net cage, wherein the area of each temporary culture net cage is about 5 square meters, connecting a plurality of temporary culture net cages in a straight line shape, installing a shading and enemy-killing net at the top end of each temporary culture net cage, placing a ground cage at a place where crab seedlings are frequently movably eaten for catching, selecting and grading 1-year-old crab (crab-catching) crab seedlings, and separately placing a male crab and a female crab into the temporary culture net cages for transportation and sale.
2. The cultivation method of high-quality crab seedlings in southwest low latitude plateau areas according to claim 1, characterized in that the low temperature environment temperature range of step (2) is 6-8 ℃.
3. The method for cultivating the high-quality crab seedlings in the southwest low latitude plateau area according to the claim 1, wherein the bait in the step (6) is selected from the combination of natural bait and artificial bait, the natural bait comprises plankton, aquatic plants and benthos, and the artificial bait is selected from animal and plant mixed bait.
4. The method for cultivating high-quality crab seedlings in southwest low latitude plateau areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein plankton in the pond is used as main bait during molting and metamorphosis to I-stage young crabs after the megalops are put into the pond, soybean milk and cooked egg yolk are added when the metamorphosis is insufficient, and the crab seedlings are fed for 6-7 times a day.
5. The method for cultivating high-quality crab seedlings in southwest low latitude plateau areas according to claim 1, characterized in that the crab seedlings of 1-year crabs (crabs) in low latitude plateau areas are cultivated in three stages, the first stage lasts for about 45 days, the bait comprises 40% of crude protein, wherein the animal protein accounts for 60% of the total amount of the crude protein of the bait, and the daily bait amount accounts for 7-9% of the total weight of the crab bodies; the second stage is about 75 days, plant baits are taken as main baits, the baits comprise 32% of feed crude protein, and the daily bait feeding amount is 4-6% of the total weight of the crab bodies; the third stage is about 120 days, the bait comprises 40% of feed crude protein, the animal protein bait accounts for 20% of the crude protein, and the daily bait amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the crab.
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| WO2003037077A1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-08 | The State Of Queensland, Through Its Departement Of Primary Industries | Method and apparatus for aquatic animal husbandry |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003037077A1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-08 | The State Of Queensland, Through Its Departement Of Primary Industries | Method and apparatus for aquatic animal husbandry |
| CN102640721A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-08-22 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Culture method of large-specification two-year-old crabs |
| CN102640719A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-08-22 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for cultivating large 3-age river crabs |
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