CN102640396A - 负载阻抗决定装置、无线电力传输装置及无线电力传输方法 - Google Patents
负载阻抗决定装置、无线电力传输装置及无线电力传输方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供一种负载阻抗决定装置、一种无线电力传输装置以及一种无线电力传输方法。可测量两个谐振器之间的距离和角度中的至少一个。可基于测量的距离和测量的角度中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。当两个谐振器之间的距离改变时,可在不使用单独的匹配电路的情况下保持高的电力传送效率。在负载阻抗被确定的情况下,可传输测试电力。根据测试电力的电力传送效率,可控制负载阻抗,并且可从源谐振器向目标谐振器无线传输电力。
Description
技术领域
以下描述涉及一种负载阻抗决定装置、一种无线电力传输装置以及一种无线电力传输方法,更具体地讲,涉及这样一种无线传输技术:即使源谐振器和目标谐振器之间的距离改变,也有效地管理从源谐振器到目标谐振器的无线电力传输。
背景技术
随着信息技术(IT)的发展,分布有越来越多的便携式电子装置。由于便携式电子产品的各种特性,相应的便携式电子产品的电池性能成为一个重要问题。各种便携式电子产品和家用电器具有无线传输数据的能力,然而,便携式电子产品通常使用有线连接(诸如将装置插入插座)来接收电力。
当前,对可以无线供电的无线电力传输技术进行研究。由于无线环境的特性,源谐振器和目标谐振器之间的距离可随时间变化,并且源谐振器和目标谐振器之间的匹配条件也可变化。因此,公开这样一种新的方案:即使在源谐振器和/或目标谐振器动态地改变位置的环境下,该方案也可提高无线传输的效率。
发明内容
在一个总的方面,提供一种负载阻抗决定装置,包括:测量单元,测量源谐振器和目标谐振器之间的距离和角度中的至少一个;以及决定单元,基于测量的距离和测量的角度中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。
决定单元可基于测量的距离和测量的角度二者来确定负载阻抗。
负载阻抗决定单元可包括在源谐振器中,并且测量的角度可对应于源谐振器相对于目标谐振器倾斜的角度。
在另一方面,提供一种无线电力传输装置,包括:负载阻抗决定单元;以及改变单元,改变所述无线电力传输装置的阻抗,以与由负载阻抗决定单元确定的负载阻抗共轭,其中,负载阻抗决定单元包括测量单元和决定单元,测量单元测量所述无线电力传输装置和目标谐振器之间的距离和角度中的至少一个,决定单元基于测量的距离和测量的角度中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。
所述无线电力传输装置还可包括:发送器,将与由负载阻抗决定单元确定的负载阻抗相关的信息发送到终端。
改变单元可基于可调电阻、电感器和电容器中的至少一个来改变所述无线电力传输装置的阻抗。
所述无线电力传输装置还可包括:测试单元,使用改变的阻抗传输测试电力;以及控制单元,当测试电力的电力传送效率小于参考值时,控制单元控制负载阻抗决定单元重新确定负载阻抗,当测试电力的电力传送效率大于或等于所述参考值时,控制单元控制所述无线电力传输装置使用改变的阻抗来无线传输电力。
决定单元可基于测量的距离和测量的角度二者来确定负载阻抗。
所述无线电力传输装置可包括源谐振器,并且测量的角度可对应于源谐振器相对于目标谐振器倾斜的角度。
在另一方面,提供一种无线接收电力的终端,包括:负载阻抗决定单元;以及改变单元,改变所述终端的阻抗以匹配由负载阻抗决定单元确定的负载阻抗,其中,负载阻抗决定单元包括测量单元和决定单元,测量单元测量所述终端和目标谐振器之间的距离和角度中的至少一个,决定单元基于测量的距离和测量的角度中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。
所述终端还可包括:发送器,将与由负载阻抗决定单元确定的负载阻抗相关的信息发送到无线电力传输装置。
改变单元可基于可调电阻、电感器和电容器中的至少一个来改变所述终端的阻抗。
所述终端还可包括:信号发送器,当改变单元改变所述终端的阻抗时,将测试电力请求信号发送到无线电力传输装置;以及控制单元,当测试电力的电力传送效率小于参考值时,控制单元控制负载阻抗决定单元重新确定负载阻抗,当测试电力的电力传送效率大于或等于所述参考值时,控制单元将信号发送到所述无线电力传输装置,以无线传输电力。
决定单元可基于测量的距离和测量的角度二者来确定负载阻抗。
所述终端可包括源谐振器,并且测量的角度可对应于源谐振器相对于目标谐振器倾斜的角度。
在另一方面,提供一种确定负载阻抗的方法,包括:测量源谐振器和目标谐振器之间的距离和角度中的至少一个;以及基于测量的距离和测量的角度中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。
可基于测量的距离和测量的角度二者来确定负载阻抗。
测量的角度可对应于源谐振器相对于目标谐振器倾斜的角度。
在另一方面,提供一种无线传输电力的方法,包括:确定负载阻抗;以及改变阻抗以与确定的负载阻抗共轭,其中,确定步骤包括:测量源谐振器和目标谐振器之间的距离和角度中的至少一个,以及基于测量的距离和测量的角度中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。
通过以下描述、附图和权利要求,其他特点和方面会是清楚的。
附图说明
图1是示出将电力无线传输到终端的无线电力传输装置的示例的示图。
图2是示出负载阻抗决定装置的示例的示图。
图3是示出负载阻抗、源谐振器和目标谐振器的Z矩阵的示例的示图。
图4是示出无线电力传输装置的示例的示图。
图5是示出无线接收电力的终端的示例的示图。
图6是示出用于确定负载阻抗的方法的示例的流程图。
图7是示出用于无线传输电力的方法的示例的流程图。
贯穿附图和说明书,除非另外描述,否则相同的附图标号应该被理解为指示相同的元件、特征和结构。为了清楚、说明和简要,这些元件的相对大小和描述可被夸大。
具体实施方式
提供以下描述以帮助读者全面理解这里描述的方法、设备和/或系统。因此,这里描述的方法、设备和/或系统的各种改变、修改和等同物可被推荐给本领域普通技术人员。此外,为了增加清楚和简要,可省略公知功能和结构的描述。
图1示出将电力无线传输到终端的无线电力传输装置的示例。
参照图1,无线电力传输装置110将电力无线传输到终端120。在该示例中,无线电力传输装置110包括源谐振器111,终端120包括目标谐振器121。作为示例,无线电力传输装置110可包括在便携式装置中。
图2示出负载阻抗决定装置的示例。
参照图2,负载阻抗决定装置200包括测量单元201和决定单元202。测量单元201可测量源谐振器210和目标谐振器220之间的距离d211和角度θ212中的至少一个。例如,测量单元201可包括使用光波和/或超声波的距离传感器(未示出)。测量单元201可使用距离传感器测量距离d211。测量的角度θ212可指示目标谐振器220相对于源谐振器210倾斜的角度。
决定单元202可基于测量的距离d211和角度θ212中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。例如,决定单元202可基于测量的距离d 211来确定负载阻抗。决定单元可基于角度θ212来确定负载阻抗。作为另一示例,决定单元202可基于测量的距离d211和角度θ212二者来确定负载阻抗。决定单元202可确定负载阻抗,以使最大电力可从无线电力传输装置(未示出)传输到终端(未示出)。参照图3描述确定负载阻抗的方案。
图3示出负载阻抗ZL、源谐振器和目标谐振器的Z矩阵的示例。
参照图3,示出源谐振器311、目标谐振器312和负载阻抗ZL313的构造310。源谐振器311和目标谐振器312彼此分开距离d315和角度θ316。目标谐振器312连接到负载阻抗ZL313。
Zin314表示从供电的无线电力传输装置(未示出)来看的输入阻抗。
图3还示出关于构造310的Z矩阵320。Z11对应于源谐振器311的阻抗,Z12对应于源谐振器311和目标谐振器312之间的阻抗,Z22对应于目标谐振器312的阻抗。
这里描述用于确定负载阻抗以使最大电力可从无线电力传输装置传输到终端的方案。
可使用以下等式1来确定输入阻抗Zin 314:
Zk=Z22-Z12+ZL
在该示例中,Zk对应于包括在虚线圈321中的阻抗的和,Zn对应于包括在虚线圈322中的阻抗的和。
由无线电力传输装置供应的输入电力Pin可由以下等式2来表示:
在该示例中,Iin对应于在Z矩阵中从供电的无线电力传输装置流入的电流。
从无线电力传输装置供应的电力Pin中传送到负载的电力PL可由以下等式3来表示。
基于等式2和等式3,电力传送效率PTE可由以下等式4来表示:
可使用以下等式5来确定传输最大电力的负载阻抗ZL:
满足以上等式5的负载阻抗ZL可表示为最优负载阻抗ZL opt。可传输最大电力以及最优负载阻抗ZL opt的电力传送效率PTEmax可由以下等式6来表示:
在以上等式6中,X可对应于以下等式7:
在该示例中,d对应于源谐振器311和目标谐振器312之间的距离d315,θ对应于源谐振器311和目标谐振器312之间的角度θ316。
作为示例,负载阻抗决定单元的测量单元可测量源谐振器311和目标谐振器312之间的距离d315和角度θ316,决定单元可基于测量的距离d315和角度θ316中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗,以使最大电力可如以上等式6所示被传输。
图4示出无线电力传输装置的示例。
参照图4,无线电力传输装置400包括负载阻抗决定单元410和改变单元420。负载阻抗决定单元410包括测量单元411和决定单元412。测量单元411可测量源谐振器和目标谐振器之间的距离和角度中的至少一个。决定单元412可基于测量的距离和角度中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。
参照图2和图3进行的关于负载阻抗决定装置的描述可适用于负载阻抗决定单元410。因此,这里省略关于负载阻抗决定单元410的进一步描述。
改变单元420可改变无线电力传输装置400的阻抗以与由负载阻抗决定单元410确定的负载阻抗共轭,例如,改变单元420可改变无线电力传输装置400的阻抗并将由负载阻抗决定单元410确定的负载阻抗与无线电力传输装置400的阻抗组合。例如,改变单元420可基于可调电阻、电感器、电容器以及它们的组合等来改变无线电力传输装置400的阻抗。
无线电力传输装置400可包括测试单元450和控制单元440。测试单元450可使用改变的阻抗传输测试电力。测试电力的量可以被预先确定,或者可从外部源输入。
例如,当测试电力的电力传送效率小于或等于参考值时,控制单元440可控制负载阻抗决定单元410重新确定负载阻抗。作为另一示例,当测试电力的电力传送效率大于或等于参考值时,控制单元440可控制无线电力传输装置400使用改变的阻抗来传输电力。例如,参考值可以被预先确定或者可以从外部源输入。作为另一示例,当测试电力的电力传送效率小于参考值时,控制单元440可暂停测试电力的传输。
例如,可通过测量响应于接收传输信号从目标谐振器反射的反射波的功率来确定电力传送效率。传输信号对应于从源谐振器向目标谐振器无线传输电力的信号。反射波对应于被反射并被返回的部分传输信号。
例如,当反射波的功率小于或等于参考值时,可指示大部分传输到目标谐振器的电力被目标谐振器接收。例如,当反射波小于参考值时,可对应于电力传送效率大于或等于参考值的情况。因此,控制单元440可控制无线电力传输装置400使用改变的阻抗来无线传输电力。
相反,当反射波的功率大于参考值时,可指示仅有少量传输到目标谐振器的电力被目标谐振器接收。例如,当反射波大于参考值时,可对应于电力传送效率小于参考值的情况。因此,控制单元440可控制负载阻抗决定单元410重新确定负载阻抗。例如,控制单元440可包括用于测量反射波的功率的功率检测器(未示出),并可使用功率检测器来测量反射波的功率。
例如,可通过测量反射波的幅值来确定电力传送效率。例如,当反射波的幅值小于或等于参考值时,可指示仅有少量电力被反射并且大部分电力被目标谐振器接收。因此,控制单元440可控制无线电力传输装置400使用改变的阻抗来无线传输电力。
相反,在反射波的幅值大于参考值的情况下,可指示大部分电力被反射并且仅有少量电力被目标谐振器接收。因此,控制单元440可控制负载阻抗决定单元410重新确定负载阻抗。
无线电力传输装置400可包括发送器430。发送器430可将与由负载阻抗决定单元410确定的负载阻抗相关的信息发送到终端(未示出)。因为发送器430将与确定的负载阻抗相关的信息发送到终端,所以终端可改变终端的阻抗来匹配确定的负载阻抗。
图5示出无线接收电力的终端的示例。
参照图5,终端500包括负载阻抗决定单元510和改变单元520。负载阻抗决定单元510包括测量单元511和决定单元512。
测量单元511可测量源谐振器(未示出)和目标谐振器(未示出)之间的距离和角度中的至少一个。决定单元512可基于测量的距离和角度中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。
参照图2和图3进行的关于负载阻抗决定装置的描述可适用于负载阻抗决定单元510。因此,这里省略关于负载阻抗决定单元510的进一步描述。
改变单元520可改变终端500的阻抗,以匹配由负载阻抗决定单元510确定的负载阻抗。例如,改变单元520可基于可调电阻、电感器、电容器以及它们的组合等来改变终端500的阻抗。
终端500可包括信号发送器540和控制单元550。当改变单元520改变终端500的阻抗时,信号发送器540可将测试电力请求信号发送到无线电力传输装置(未示出)。测试电力的量可以被预先确定,或者可从外部源输入。
当测试电力的电力传送效率小于参考值时,控制单元550可控制负载阻抗决定单元510重新确定负载阻抗。当测试电力的电力传送效率大于或等于参考值时,控制单元550可将信号发送到无线电力传输装置,以无线传输电力。参考值可以被预先确定,或者可从外部源输入。当测试电力的电力传送效率小于参考值时,控制单元550可控制信号发送器540发送暂停传输测试电力的信号。
终端500可包括发送器530。发送器530可将与由负载阻抗决定单元510确定的负载阻抗相关的信息发送到无线电力传输装置。因为发送器530将与确定的负载阻抗相关的信息发送到无线电力传输装置,所以无线电力传输装置可改变无线电力传输装置的阻抗,以与确定的负载阻抗共轭。
图6示出用于确定负载阻抗的方法的示例。
在610中,测量源谐振器和目标谐振器之间的距离和角度中的至少一个。例如,可通过距离传感器基于光波和/或超声波来测量源谐振器和目标谐振器之间的距离。角度可指示目标谐振器基于源谐振器所位于的角度。
在620中,基于测量的距离和角度中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。例如,可确定负载阻抗,以使最大电力可从无线电力传输装置被传输到终端。以上参照图3描述了用于确定负载阻抗的方案,因此这里省略进一步的描述。
图7示出用于无线传输电力的方法的示例。
在710中,确定负载阻抗。以上参照图2和图3描述了用于确定负载阻抗的方案,因此这里省略进一步的描述。
在720中,改变阻抗以与确定的负载阻抗共轭。例如,可基于可调电阻、电感器、电容器以及它们的组合等来改变阻抗。
虽然图7中没有示出,但是无线电力传输方法还可包括传输测试电力和控制电力传输。在该示例中,可使用改变的阻抗来传输测试电力。测试电力的量可以被预先确定,或者可从外部源输入。
当测试电力的电力传送效率小于参考值时,可控制负载阻抗被重新确定。当测试电力的电力传送效率大于或等于参考值时,可使用改变的阻抗控制电力被无线传输。参考值可以被预先确定,或者可从外部源输入。当测试电力的电力传送效率小于参考值时,可暂停测试电力的传输。
例如,可通过测量响应于传输信号反射的反射波的功率来确定电力传送效率。传输信号对应于从源谐振器向目标谐振器无线传输电力的信号。反射波对应于被反射并被返回的部分传输信号。
例如,当反射波的功率小于或等于参考值时,可指示仅有少量电力被反射,并且大部分传输到目标谐振器的电力被目标谐振器接收。例如,这可对应于电力传送效率大于或等于参考值的情况。因此,可控制电力以使用改变的阻抗被无线传输。
相反,当反射波的功率大于参考值时,可指示大部分电力被反射,并且仅有少量传输到目标谐振器的电力被目标谐振器接收。例如,这可对应于电力传送效率小于参考值的情况。因此,可控制阻抗负载被重新确定。例如,无线电力传输方法可使用构造为测量反射波的功率的功率检测器来测量反射波的功率。
因此,基于测量的反射波的功率,无线电力传输装置可确定调整传输到无线电力接收装置的电力的量。例如,无线电力传输装置可调整负载阻抗以传送更有效率的电力的量。
可通过测量传输信号的反射波的幅值来确定电力传送效率。例如,当反射波的幅值小于或等于参考值时,可指示仅有少量电力被反射,并可指示大部分传输到目标谐振器的电力被目标谐振器接收。因此,可控制电力以使用改变的阻抗被无线传输。
相反,当反射波的幅值大于参考值时,可指示大部分电力被反射并且仅有少量传输到目标谐振器的电力被目标谐振器实际接收。因此,可控制负载阻抗被重新确定。
虽然在图7中没有示出,但是无线电力传输方法还可包括将与确定的负载阻抗相关的信息发送到终端。这样,终端可改变终端的阻抗以匹配确定的负载阻抗。
上述处理、功能、方法和/或软件可被记录、存储或固定在一个或多个包括程序指令的计算机可读存储介质中,所述程序指令由计算机执行以使处理器运行或执行所述程序指令。所述介质还可单独包括程序指令、数据文件、数据结构等,或者包括它们的组合。计算机可读存储介质的示例包括磁介质(诸如硬盘、软盘和磁带)、光介质(诸如CD ROM盘和DVD)、磁光介质(诸如光盘)以及专门构造为存储和执行程序指令的硬件装置(诸如只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、闪存等)。程序指令的示例包括诸如由编译器产生的机器码以及包含可由计算机使用解释器执行的高级代码的文件。所述硬件装置还可构造为用作一个或多个软件模块,以执行上述操作和方法,反之亦然。此外,计算机可读存储介质可分布在通过网络连接的计算机系统中,并且计算机可读代码和程序指令可以以分散方式被存储和运行。
仅作为非穷举说明,这里公开的终端装置是指移动装置(诸如移动电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、数码相机、便携式游戏机、MP3播放器、便携式/个人多媒体播放器(PMP)、手持电子书、便携式膝上型个人计算机(PC)、全球定位系统(GPS)导航)以及能够与这里公开的终端装置无线通信或网络通信的装置(诸如台式PC、高清晰度电视(HDTV)、光盘播放器、机顶盒等)。
计算系统或计算机可包括与总线、用户接口和存储器控制器电连接的微处理器。计算系统或计算机还可包括闪存装置。闪存装置可经由存储器控制器存储N比特数据。所述N比特数据被微处理器处理,或者将被微处理器处理,N可以是1或大于1的整数。在计算系统或计算机是移动设备的情况下,可另外的提供电池以供应计算系统或计算机的操作电压。
本领域普通技术人员应该清楚的是,计算系统或计算机还可包括应用芯片组、相机图像处理器(CIS)、移动动态随机存储器(DRAM)等。存储器控制器和闪存装置可构成使用非易失性存储器存储数据的固态驱动/盘(SSD)。
以上已经公开了多个示例。然而,应该理解的是,可进行各种修改。例如,如果以不同的顺序执行所述技术,和/或如果所述系统、架构、装置或电路中的组件以不同的方式组合和/或被其他组件或者其等同物替换或补充,则可实现适当的结果。因此,其他实施方式落入权利要求的范围内。
Claims (19)
1.一种负载阻抗决定装置,包括:
测量单元,测量源谐振器和目标谐振器之间的距离和角度中的至少一个;以及
决定单元,基于测量的距离和测量的角度中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。
2.如权利要求1所述的负载阻抗决定装置,其中,决定单元基于测量的距离和测量的角度二者来确定负载阻抗。
3.如权利要求1所述的负载阻抗决定装置,其中,负载阻抗决定单元包括在源谐振器中,并且测量的角度对应于源谐振器相对于目标谐振器倾斜的角度。
4.一种无线电力传输装置,包括:
负载阻抗决定单元;以及
改变单元,改变所述无线电力传输装置的阻抗,以与由负载阻抗决定单元确定的负载阻抗共轭,
其中,负载阻抗决定单元包括测量单元和决定单元,测量单元测量所述无线电力传输装置和目标谐振器之间的距离和角度中的至少一个,决定单元基于测量的距离和测量的角度中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。
5.如权利要求4所述的无线电力传输装置,还包括:发送器,将与由负载阻抗决定单元确定的负载阻抗相关的信息发送到终端。
6.如权利要求4所述的无线电力传输装置,其中,改变单元基于可调电阻、电感器和电容器中的至少一个来改变所述无线电力传输装置的阻抗。
7.如权利要求4所述的无线电力传输装置,还包括:
测试单元,使用改变的阻抗传输测试电力;以及
控制单元,当测试电力的电力传送效率小于参考值时,控制单元控制负载阻抗决定单元重新确定负载阻抗,当测试电力的电力传送效率大于或等于所述参考值时,控制单元控制所述无线电力传输装置使用改变的阻抗来无线传输电力。
8.如权利要求4所述的无线电力传输装置,其中,决定单元基于测量的距离和测量的角度二者来确定负载阻抗。
9.如权利要求4所述的无线电力传输装置,其中,所述无线电力传输装置包括源谐振器,并且测量的角度对应于源谐振器相对于目标谐振器倾斜的角度。
10.一种无线接收电力的终端,包括:
负载阻抗决定单元;以及
改变单元,改变所述终端的阻抗以匹配由负载阻抗决定单元确定的负载阻抗,
其中,负载阻抗决定单元包括测量单元和决定单元,测量单元测量所述终端和目标谐振器之间的距离和角度中的至少一个,决定单元基于测量的距离和测量的角度中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。
11.如权利要求10所述的终端,还包括:发送器,将与由负载阻抗决定单元确定的负载阻抗相关的信息发送到无线电力传输装置。
12.如权利要求10所述的终端,其中,改变单元基于可调电阻、电感器和电容器中的至少一个来改变所述终端的阻抗。
13.如权利要求10所述的终端,还包括:
信号发送器,当改变单元改变所述终端的阻抗时,将测试电力请求信号发送到无线电力传输装置;以及
控制单元,当测试电力的电力传送效率小于参考值时,控制单元控制负载阻抗决定单元重新确定负载阻抗,当测试电力的电力传送效率大于或等于所述参考值时,控制单元将信号发送到所述无线电力传输装置,以无线传输电力。
14.如权利要求10所述的终端,其中,决定单元基于测量的距离和测量的角度二者来确定负载阻抗。
15.如权利要求10所述的终端,其中,所述终端包括源谐振器,并且测量的角度对应于源谐振器相对于目标谐振器倾斜的角度。
16.一种确定负载阻抗的方法,包括:
测量源谐振器和目标谐振器之间的距离和角度中的至少一个;以及
基于测量的距离和测量的角度中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中,基于测量的距离和测量的角度二者来确定负载阻抗。
18.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中,测量的角度对应于源谐振器相对于目标谐振器倾斜的角度。
19.一种无线传输电力的方法,包括:
确定负载阻抗;以及
改变阻抗以与确定的负载阻抗共轭,
其中,确定步骤包括:测量源谐振器和目标谐振器之间的距离和角度中的至少一个,以及基于测量的距离和测量的角度中的至少一个来确定负载阻抗。
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Also Published As
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US8334620B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 |
US20130069735A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
JP5681995B2 (ja) | 2015-03-11 |
WO2011056039A3 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
US8604644B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 |
EP2499717A2 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
EP2499717A4 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
EP2499717B1 (en) | 2019-07-10 |
US20110109167A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
WO2011056039A2 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
JP2013510550A (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
KR101706616B1 (ko) | 2017-02-14 |
KR20110050920A (ko) | 2011-05-17 |
CN102640396B (zh) | 2015-12-16 |
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