WO2005088850A1 - 位置検出システム、応答器及び質問器、無線通信システム、位置検出方法、位置検出用プログラム及び情報記録媒体 - Google Patents
位置検出システム、応答器及び質問器、無線通信システム、位置検出方法、位置検出用プログラム及び情報記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005088850A1 WO2005088850A1 PCT/JP2005/003786 JP2005003786W WO2005088850A1 WO 2005088850 A1 WO2005088850 A1 WO 2005088850A1 JP 2005003786 W JP2005003786 W JP 2005003786W WO 2005088850 A1 WO2005088850 A1 WO 2005088850A1
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- signal
- transponder
- interrogator
- pulse signal
- response signal
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/87—Combinations of radar systems, e.g. primary radar and secondary radar
- G01S13/878—Combination of several spaced transmitters or receivers of known location for determining the position of a transponder or a reflector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/0209—Systems with very large relative bandwidth, i.e. larger than 10 %, e.g. baseband, pulse, carrier-free, ultrawideband
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/75—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors
- G01S13/751—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
Definitions
- Position detection system transponder and interrogator, wireless communication system, position detection method, position detection program, and information recording medium
- the present invention belongs to the technical field of a position detection system, a transponder and an interrogator, a wireless communication system, a position detection method, a position detection program, and an information recording medium, and more specifically, exchange of information by wireless communication.
- Positioning system and position detecting method including a transponder (wireless tag) and interrogator for performing position detection by performing a position detection, a wireless communication system including the position detecting system, and a position detecting program used in the position detecting system It belongs to the technical field of an information recording medium on which the position detection program is recorded.
- the wireless tag including an IC chip having a size of 1 mm square or less, including an antenna for wireless transmission and reception, a memory, and the like, is being put to practical use. More specifically, the wireless tag is affixed to a generally distributed product or the like and is distributed together with the product or the like, and identification information for identifying the product or the like is stored in the memory.
- a query signal is received from a separately provided interrogator via the antenna, a response signal corresponding to the query signal and including the identification information is generated, and the query signal is generated via the antenna.
- the product can be identified in the interrogator.
- the distribution route from the food production area can be confirmed at the time of purchase of the food, or the usage status of additives and pesticides during the production of the food can be checked. It can be confirmed by consumers.
- UWB Ultra Wide Band
- UWB Ultra Wide Band
- This wireless communication method since a pulse wave having a very short time width is used as described above, an ultra-wide band wireless communication in which the used bandwidth is several gigahertz or more is possible, and a carrier wave is further used.
- the transmission power is 10 nanowatts by not using It is extremely low, about Z megahertz.
- the UWB system having such a configuration has the following features and advantages.In the future, indoor communication, security sensors, or high-speed wireless LAN (Local
- the average power level is 1 milliwatt or less, and transmission over several miles is possible.
- the present invention can be applied to, for example, vehicle-to-vehicle communication.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 described below.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-508725
- Patent Document 2 JP 2003-189363
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-2003-124844
- Patent Document 4 JP 2002-43849
- Patent Document 5 Patent No. 3395403 FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 etc.
- the identification system including the conventional wireless tag, the Although it can be distinguished from other products, it was not possible to measure the distance from the wireless tag to the interrogator with sufficient accuracy due to its configuration, so for example, accurate identification of the position of the wireless tag in a room That application was not possible.
- the distance to the object to be measured can be accurately measured, but the object cannot be distinguished from other objects.
- a position detection system and method that includes a transponder and interrogator that can specify the distance between objects and the position of the object itself while taking advantage of features such as distance measurement, and position detection
- An object of the present invention is to provide a wireless communication system including a system, a position detection program used for the position detection system, and an information recording medium on which the position detection program is recorded.
- the invention according to claim 1 includes a generating unit that generates a response signal using a pulse signal received by a wideband antenna, and a pulse received by the wideband antenna.
- Transmitting means for transmitting a signal from the wideband antenna to the generating means and transmitting the generated response signal from the generating means to the wideband antenna, the transmitting means having a preset length; and
- the wideband antenna for receiving a signal and transmitting the response signal.
- the wideband antenna and the generating means are connected by the transmitting means having a preset length, the transmission mode of the response signal generated from the pulse signal (waveform and transmission timing of the response signal) ) Varies depending on the length of the response signal.
- the transponder is identified based on the waveform of the response signal, and the distance to the transponder is determined based on the transmission timing. Can be detected.
- using a broadband antenna Since the response signal is generated by receiving the noise signal, it becomes possible to identify the transponder and detect the distance without using a carrier wave, and to identify the transponder and detect the distance while reducing the size and power consumption. Becomes possible.
- the invention according to claim 2 is the transponder according to claim 1, wherein the length of the transmission means between the broadband antenna and the generation means is: It is configured to have a length that allows the wideband antenna to transmit the response signal in a transmission mode different from that of the other transponders.
- the wideband antenna and the generation means are connected by the transmission means having different lengths for each transponder, the response signal generated from the pulse signal received by each transponder is output.
- Signal transmission mode response signal waveform and transmission timing
- reception mode of the response signal transmitted from each transponder at the interrogator signal waveform of each response signal and reception timing at the interrogator
- the length of the transmission means in each transponder for each transponder it becomes different for each transponder.As a result, the response signals from the plural transponders are separated by the difference in the reception timing, The distance from the interrogator to each transponder can be detected while identifying each transponder based on the difference in the signal waveform.
- the invention according to claim 3 is directed to the transponder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transmission means has a characteristic impedance in a predetermined length. It is configured to be constant at a set value.
- the characteristic impedance is constant over the length of the transmission means, unnecessary reflection components that do not fluctuate the response signal waveform and transmission timing are not generated, so that the transponder can be accurately mounted. It can identify and detect the distance to the transponder.
- the length of the transmission means is equal to the reception length.
- the transmission speed of the received pulse signal and the response signal on the transmission means is multiplied by the time corresponding to the pulse width of the received pulse signal, and the length is one half or more.
- the length of the transmission means is set to be at least half the value obtained by multiplying the propagation speed of each signal on the transmission means by the time corresponding to the pulse width of the pulse signal. Therefore, the signal reflected and radiated from the broadband antenna itself in the transponder in response to the pulse signal and the original response signal can be clearly distinguished to perform transponder identification and distance detection.
- the invention according to claim 5 is directed to the transponder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the generating unit includes a step of: It is configured to include reflection control means for controlling a pulse reflection coefficient for the pulse.
- the transmission mode of the response signal transmitted from each transponder can be changed according to the identification information to be transmitted, and the reflection coefficient can be controlled. More information can be sent than when no information is sent. That is, a multi-bit response signal can be generated and transmitted with a simple configuration.
- the generation means should have the response signal. It is configured to include a length control unit that controls an effective length of the transmission unit according to a signal mode.
- the effective length of the transmission means is controlled according to the signal form that the response signal should have, so that the transmission form of the response signal transmitted from each transponder depends on the identification information to be transmitted. It is possible to send more information than when the reflection coefficient is not controlled. That is, a multi-bit response signal can be generated and transmitted with a simple configuration.
- the invention according to claim 7 is directed to the transponder according to claim 6, wherein the length control means is configured such that the length of the transmission means is equal to the pulse signal and the pulse signal.
- One half of the multiplied value obtained by multiplying the propagation speed of the response signal on the transmission means by the time corresponding to the pulse width of the pulse signal is NZ4 times the multiplied value (N is 0 or a natural number). It is configured to control the length so that the length becomes a value obtained by adding.
- the length of the transmission means is N / 2 of the multiplied value, which is one half of the value obtained by multiplying the propagation speed of each signal on the transmission means by the time corresponding to the pulse width of the pulse signal.
- the length of the transmission means should not be unnecessarily long because In addition, it is possible to reduce the size of the transponder while detecting the transponders while reliably identifying each transponder.
- an invention according to claim 8 is directed to the transponder according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the generation means and a pulse signal received by one of the wideband antennas are provided. And a plurality of transmission means for transmitting the generated response signal from each of the generation means to the wideband antenna, respectively. Are configured to be different from each other.
- the invention according to claim 9 is the transponder according to claim 8, further comprising a shared transmission means having a function as at least a part of each of the transmission means. It is composed.
- the generation means includes a resonance means capable of resonating at a plurality of resonance frequencies.
- the generation means includes the resonance means capable of resonating at a plurality of resonance frequencies, it is possible to generate a multi-bit response signal even using a resonance means having a relatively low Q value.
- an invention according to claim 11 is a transponder including a plurality of the transponders according to any one of claims 1 to 10 as element transponders, At least one of the length of the transmitting means or the load impedance of the transmitting means and the generating means viewed from the broadband antenna is configured to be different for each of the element transponders.
- a multi-bit response signal can be generated while simplifying the configuration of the transponder.
- the invention described in claim 12 is based on claims 1 to 11.
- an invention according to claim 13 is the transponder according to claim 12, wherein the radio wave is a continuous wave.
- the invention according to claim 14 is the transponder according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the receiving antenna is a narrow band tuned to a preset tuning frequency.
- an efficient narrow-band antenna can be used as the receiving antenna, and power can be efficiently obtained because the radio wave is a continuous wave.
- an invention according to claim 15 is the transponder according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the wideband antenna also serves as the reception antenna. .
- the wideband antenna that transmits the response signal also functions as the receiving antenna, it is possible to reduce the size of the antenna.
- an invention according to claim 16 transmits the pulse signal to the transponder according to any one of claims 1 to 15, and transmits the pulse signal to the transponder.
- An interrogator for receiving the response signal of the power supply, the pulse generation means for generating the pulse signal, transmitting the pulse signal to the transponder, and responding to the pulse signal.
- a broadband antenna that receives the response signal, and an identification unit that identifies the transponder by comparing a previously generated reference signal with the received response signal.
- the response signal of the transponder power is received by the wideband antenna and compared with the reference signal. Since the transponder is more identified, the transponder can be identified and the distance can be detected, and the use of a carrier wave can reduce the size and power consumption.
- the invention according to claim 17 is directed to the interrogator according to claim 16, wherein the pulse generation means performs a first modulation process on the clock signal.
- a first modulated clock signal generating means for generating the first modulated clock signal, generating the pulse signal using the generated first modulated clock signal, and outputting the pulse signal to the wideband antenna.
- a second modulation clock signal generating means for performing a second modulation process different from the first modulation process on the clock signal to generate a second modulation clock signal, wherein the generated second modulation clock is provided. The signal is used to generate the reference signal and to be correlated with the response signal.
- the pulse signal is generated by performing the first modulation process corresponding to the clock signal, and the reference signal and the response signal generated based on the second modulation process corresponding to the clock signal are generated. Therefore, the content of the response signal can be accurately detected, and the reception time interval of the pulse signal can be detected.
- an invention according to claim 18 is directed to the interrogator according to claim 17, wherein the first modulation process and the second modulation process are performed using a pseudo-random code. And a modulation process for delaying the clock signal.
- the first modulation process and the second modulation process are modulation processes for delaying a clock signal based on a pseudo-random code, occurrence of pulse overlap between response signals from the transponders is reduced. Can be prevented.
- an invention according to claim 19 is the interrogator according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the response to the pulse signal is received in response to the received pulse signal.
- a reflected wave detecting means for detecting a reflected wave reflected by the broadband antenna provided in the transponder; a response wave detecting means for detecting a response wave included in the response signal; a reception time of the reflected wave; Response wave interval detection means for detecting a response wave interval that is a time from the reception time of the response wave, wherein the identification means identifies each of the transponders based on the detected response wave interval. It is configured to
- each transponder is identified based on the detected response wave interval, the corresponding transponder can be accurately determined. Identification can be performed.
- an invention according to claim 20 is the interrogator according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein the response to the pulse signal is received in response to the received pulse signal.
- Transmission / reception interval detection means for detecting a transmission / reception interval which is a time between a reception time of a reflected wave reflected by the broadband antenna provided in the answering machine and a transmission time of the pulse signal;
- a distance recognizing means for recognizing a distance between the interrogator and the transponder which has transmitted the reflected wave based on the interval.
- the distance to the transponder is recognized based on the detected transmission / reception interval, so that the distance can be accurately recognized.
- an invention according to claim 21 is the interrogator according to any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein the determination means for determining the polarity of the response signal is provided. It is further provided.
- the content included in the response signal is recognized by determining the polarity of the response signal, the content of the response signal can be accurately recognized with a simple interrogator configuration.
- an invention according to claim 22 transmits the pulse signal to the transponder described in claim 10 and receives the response signal of the transponder power.
- An interrogator for generating the pulse signal, a broadband antenna for transmitting the pulse signal to the transponder and receiving the response signal from the transponder corresponding to the pulse signal.
- Analysis means for sampling the received response signal and analyzing the frequency, and identification means for identifying each of the transponders based on the result of the frequency analysis.
- the response signal of the transponder power according to claim 10 is received by the wideband antenna, the response signal is sampled, and the transponder is identified based on the result of the frequency analysis. Identification and distance detection become possible, and miniaturization and low power consumption can be achieved by not using a carrier wave.
- the invention according to claim 23 provides the interrogator according to claim 22, wherein the reference signal generated in advance is superimposed on the received response signal, and the weight is reduced.
- the superimposing means for generating a tatami signal and the analyzing means are configured to sample and frequency-analyze the generated superimposed signal.
- the transponder can be accurately identified with a simple configuration.
- the reference signal is generated using a clock signal generated in advance. It is configured to be a reference signal.
- the reference signal is generated using the clock signal generated in advance, it is possible to identify the transponder using the unified reference signal for each response signal.
- an invention according to claim 25 is directed to an interrogator according to any one of claims 16 to 24, wherein the interrogator according to any one of claims 12 to 15 is provided.
- the apparatus further comprises a radio wave transmitting means for transmitting the radio wave to the transponder described in the above.
- an invention according to claim 26 includes one or more transponders according to claim 1, a plurality of interrogators according to claim 16, and each interrogator according to claim 16. And a specifying unit configured to specify a position of each of the transponders based on a distance between the transponder and each of the interrogators detected by the transponder.
- each transponder is specified based on the distance between the transponder and each interrogator detected by each transponder, so that the distance of each transponder force for one or more transponders With the help of S, the position of the transponder can be specified, and each transponder itself can be identified.
- an invention according to claim 27 includes a plurality of interrogators that transmit a pulse signal as an interrogation wave, the interrogator that receives the pulse signal, and outputs the received pulse signal to the interrogator.
- a response device that returns a response signal based on the pulse signal transmitted by each of the interrogators, and detects a distance between the interrogators by receiving the pulse signal.
- 1 Distance detecting means and a second distance detecting device such as a controller for detecting a distance from each interrogator force to the transponder based on the pulse signal and the response signal.
- a device position detecting means such as a controller for detecting the positions of the interrogators and the transponders in the position detecting system based on the respective detected distances. Is done.
- the distance between each interrogator and each transponder and the respective positions are detected by exchanging the pulse signal and the response signal, so that the distance detection between each transponder and the interrogator can be performed without using a carrier wave.
- These positions can be detected, and the distance detection and the position detection can be performed while reducing the size and power consumption.
- an invention according to claim 28 is the position detection system according to claim 27, further comprising a plurality of the transponders, wherein each of the transponders is based on the response signal. And a transponder identifying means such as a controller for identifying a device, and a distance information transmitting means such as a wideband antenna for transmitting distance information indicating each of the detected distances to each of the interrogators.
- each of the plurality of transponders is identified and the detected distance information is transmitted to each interrogator, the position of each interrogator is identified while identifying each transponder mutually. It comes out.
- the other interrogator detected by the other interrogator can be used.
- the distance S between the interrogator and the transponder can be used to specify the position of the transponder in the single interrogator.
- an invention according to claim 29 is the transponder capable of specifying a position in the position detection system in the position detection system according to claim 28 in advance.
- the apparatus further includes a specific transponder such as a marker tag, and further includes third distance detecting means such as a controller for detecting a distance between the specific transponder and each of the interrogators, and the device position detecting means includes: It is configured to detect an absolute position of each of the interrogators and the transponders in the position detection system based on the detected distance.
- an invention according to claim 30 is the position detection system according to any one of claims 27 to 29, wherein the position detection system responds to the transmitted pulse signal.
- Receiving means such as a broadband antenna for receiving a reply signal returned from a moving object in the position detection system, and determining whether or not the moving object is the transponder based on the received reply signal.
- It further comprises a discriminating means such as a controller for discriminating, and a notifying means such as a controller for notifying that the moving body is not the transponder when it is judged that it is not the responder.
- the moving object is a transponder is determined based on a response signal from the moving object that moves in the position detection system, and a notification is made when the moving object is not a transponder. Even if a transponder or a moving object enters the position detection system, it can be identified and reported.
- an invention according to claim 31 is the position detection system according to any one of claims 28 to 30, wherein the distance information transmitting means includes a pulse wave. Is used to transmit the distance information to each of the interrogators.
- the invention according to claim 32 is directed to the position detection system according to any one of claims 27 to 31, wherein the interrogator configuring the position detection system is provided. And an interrogator number detecting means such as a controller for detecting the number of interrogators.
- an invention according to claim 33 is the transponder included in the position detection system according to any one of claims 27 to 32, wherein the transponder includes: A broadband antenna for receiving the received pulse signal and transmitting the response signal, and a characteristic impedance section for modulating the received pulse signal and generating the response signal. And transmitting means for transmitting the received pulse signal from the wideband antenna to the generating means and transmitting the generated response signal from the generating means to the wideband antenna.
- the pulse wave from the interrogator is received using the wideband antenna, and the response signal obtained by modulating the pulse wave is returned to the interrogator using the wideband antenna, so that the carrier wave is not used. It is possible to detect the distance between each transponder and each interrogator and their positions, and to perform the distance detection and the position detection while reducing the size and power consumption.
- an invention according to claim 34 includes a plurality of interrogators that transmit a pulse signal as an interrogation wave, a plurality of interrogators that receives the pulse signal, and outputs the received pulse signal to the interrogator. And a transponder that returns a response signal based on the interrogator, wherein the interrogator receives the pulse signal transmitted by the interrogator.
- the distance between each interrogator and each transponder and the respective positions are detected by transmitting and receiving the pulse signal and the response signal, so that the distance between each transponder and the interrogator can be detected without using a carrier wave.
- These positions can be detected, and the distance detection and the position detection can be performed while reducing the size and power consumption.
- an invention according to claim 35 is the position detection method according to claim 34, wherein the position detection system includes a plurality of the transponders.
- each of the plurality of transponders is identified and the detected distance information is transmitted to each interrogator, the position of each interrogator is identified while identifying each transponder mutually. It comes out.
- the detected distance information is transmitted to each interrogator, even if the transponder cannot directly communicate with one interrogator, the other interrogator detected by the other interrogator does not.
- the distance S between the interrogator and the transponder can be used to specify the position of the transponder in the single interrogator.
- an invention according to claim 36 includes a plurality of interrogators that transmit a pulse signal as an interrogation wave, the plurality of interrogators receiving the pulse signal, and applying the received pulse signal to the plurality of interrogators. And a transponder that returns a response signal based on the first signal.
- the first computer detects a distance between the interrogators by receiving the pulse signal transmitted by the interrogator.
- Distance detecting means, second distance detecting means for detecting a distance from each of the interrogators to the transponder based on the pulse signal and the response signal, and each of the interrogators based on each of the detected distances
- a device position detecting means for detecting the position of the transponder in the position detecting system.
- the computer functions to detect the distance between each interrogator and each transponder and the respective positions by transmitting and receiving the pulse signal and the response signal, so that each transponder and the interrogator can be used without using a carrier wave.
- the distance between them and their positions can be detected, and the distance and position can be detected while miniaturization and low power consumption are achieved.
- the position detecting program according to claim 36 is recorded so as to be readable by the computer.
- the computer functions so as to detect the distance between each interrogator and each transponder and the respective positions by transmitting and receiving the pulse signal and the response signal. Therefore, it is possible to detect the distance between the transponders and the interrogator and their positions without using a carrier wave, and it is possible to detect the distance and the position while miniaturizing and reducing power consumption. Become.
- the broadband antenna and the generation means are connected by the transmission means having a preset length
- the response signal generated from the pulse signal Transmission mode may vary depending on its length.
- the transponder can be identified based on the waveform of the response signal, and the distance to the transponder can be detected based on the transmission timing.
- a response signal is generated by receiving a pulse signal using a wideband antenna, it is possible to identify the transponder and detect the distance, and to identify the transponder and reduce the distance while reducing the size and power consumption. Detection becomes possible.
- the broadband antenna and the generation means are connected by transmission means having different lengths for each transponder. Therefore, the transmission mode (response signal waveform and transmission timing) of the response signal generated from the pulse signal received by each transponder, in other words, the interrogation of the response signal transmitted from each transponder.
- the response mode (signal waveform of each response signal and the reception timing at the interrogator) in the transponder differs for each transponder by making the length of the transmission means in each transponder different for each transponder.
- the response signals from the multiple transponders can be separated from each other based on the reception timing difference, and the interrogator force distance to each transponder can be detected while identifying each transponder based on the signal waveform difference. .
- the characteristic impedance is constant over the length of the transmission means, so that the response signal waveform and transmission Since unnecessary reflection components that do not fluctuate in timing are not generated, the transponder can be accurately identified and the distance to the transponder can be detected.
- the length of the transmission means is such that the propagation length of each signal on the transmission means is increased. Since the length is one half or more of the value obtained by multiplying the speed by the time corresponding to the pulse width of the pulse signal, the signal reflected and radiated from the broadband antenna itself in the transponder according to the pulse signal is The response signal can be identified and the distance can be detected by clearly distinguishing the response signal from the original response signal.
- the invention described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is provided.
- the transmission mode of the response signal transmitted from each transponder can be changed according to the identification information to be transmitted. More information can be sent than in the case where no is controlled. That is, a multi-bit response signal can be generated and transmitted with a simple configuration.
- the length of the transmission means is determined by the pulse signal with respect to the propagation speed of each signal on the transmission means.
- the multiplied value is multiplied by N / 4 times the multiplied value to half the value obtained by multiplying the time corresponding to the pulse width of It is possible to reduce the size, and at the same time, detect the distance while reliably identifying each transponder.
- a shared transmission unit having a function as at least a part of each transmission unit is further provided. It is possible to realize a transmission unit having a plurality of lengths while reducing the size.
- the generation means includes the resonance means capable of resonating at a plurality of resonance frequencies, the Q value is relatively low. Even if the resonance means is used, a multi-bit response signal can be generated.
- power is supplied by a continuous wave different from a pulse signal for information transmission / reception, so that each transponder can efficiently operate. Power can be generated.
- the receiving antenna is a narrow band antenna and the radio wave is a continuous wave, so that the power is efficiently transmitted. You can get the power.
- the wideband antenna for transmitting the response signal also serves as the receiving antenna. it can.
- the transponder since the response signal from the transponder is received by the wideband antenna and the transponder is identified by comparison with the reference signal, the transponder can be identified and the distance can be detected. Thus, miniaturization and low power consumption can be achieved by not using a carrier wave.
- a first modulation process corresponding to the clock signal is performed to generate a pulse signal, and the clock signal is generated. Since the correlation between the reference signal generated based on the second modulation processing corresponding to the signal and the response signal is taken, it is necessary to accurately detect the content of the response signal and to detect the reception time interval of the pulse signal. Power S can.
- the first modulation process and the second modulation process delay the clock signal based on the pseudo-random code. Because of the modulation processing, it is possible to prevent pulse overlap between response signals from the transponders.
- the distance to the transponder is determined based on the detected transmission / reception interval. As a result, the distance can be accurately recognized.
- the response signal is included in the response signal by determining the polarity of the response signal. Since the contents of the response signal are recognized, it is possible to accurately recognize the contents of the response signal with a simple interrogator configuration.
- the response signal from the transponder according to claim 10 is received by the wideband antenna, the response signal is sampled, and the response is performed based on the result of frequency analysis. Since the device is identified, the transponder can be identified and the distance can be detected, and the size and power consumption can be reduced without using a carrier wave.
- a frequency analysis is performed by sampling a superimposed signal obtained by superimposing the reference signal on the response signal.
- the transponder can be accurately identified with a simple configuration.
- each response signal is generated.
- the transponder can be identified using a unified reference signal.
- each transponder is specified based on the distance between the transponder and each interrogator detected in each interrogator. By knowing the distance from each interrogator to the transponder, the position of that transponder can be specified, and each transponder can be identified. Able to understand itself.
- the distance between each interrogator and each transponder and the position of each interrogator are detected by transmitting and receiving the pulse signal and the response signal.
- the distance between interrogators and their positions can be detected, and the distance and position can be detected while miniaturization and low power consumption are achieved.
- the position of the transponder which is the object of the wireless communication is stored in the position detection system. Can be detected.
- each of the plurality of transponders is identified, and the detected distance information is transmitted to each interrogator.
- each transponder can be identified while mutually identifying its position.
- the other interrogator detected by the other interrogator can be used.
- the position of the transponder can be specified in the single interrogator, and the position of the transponder existing in a wider range can be specified.
- the absolute position of each transponder in the position detection system is detected based on the position of the specific transponder. Therefore, it is possible to detect the position of the transponder as an absolute position rather than a relative position with respect to each transponder.
- distance information is transmitted to each interrogator using a pulse wave.
- Transport It is possible to specify the location of each transponder by transmitting distance information while reducing the size and power consumption without using waves.
- the number of interrogators in the position detection system is detected. By detecting the number of each interrogator, it is possible to detect in advance whether or not the position of the transponder in the position detection system is possible.
- the pulse wave from the interrogator is received using the wideband antenna, and a response signal obtained by modulating the pulse wave is returned to the interrogator using the wideband antenna. Therefore, it is possible to detect the distance between each transponder and each interrogator and the position of each interrogator without using a carrier wave.This enables the distance detection and position detection while reducing the size and power consumption. .
- the distance between each interrogator and each transponder and the position of each interrogator are detected by transmitting and receiving the pulse signal and the response signal.
- the distance between interrogators and their positions can be detected, and the distance and position can be detected while miniaturization and low power consumption are achieved.
- each of the plurality of transponders is identified, and the detected distance information is transmitted to each interrogator.
- each transponder can be identified while mutually identifying its position.
- the other interrogator detected by the other interrogator can be used.
- the position of the transponder can be specified in the single interrogator, and the position of the transponder existing in a wider range can be specified.
- the computer functions to detect the distance between each interrogator and each transponder and the position of each interrogator by transmitting and receiving the pulse signal and the response signal. Without this, distance detection and position detection between each transponder and interrogator can be performed, and the distance detection and position detection can be performed while reducing the size and power consumption.
- the position detection program is read by a computer.
- the computer functions so as to detect the distance between each interrogator and each transponder and the position of each transponder by transmitting and receiving the pulse signal and the response signal.
- the distance between interrogators and their positions can be detected, and the distance and position can be detected while reducing the size and power consumption.
- the radio communication using the pulse signal can be utilized while taking advantage of its features such as low power consumption and distance measurement. It becomes possible to detect the position of the transponder which is the object of communication in the position detection system.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a wireless tag according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an interrogator according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a signal reception mode in the interrogator according to the first embodiment, where (A) is a diagram showing the waveform of each received pulse wave, and (B) is a diagram showing the response signal at the time of content determination.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a correlation.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a mechanism of wireless tag identification in the wireless communication system according to the first embodiment
- A is a diagram (I) showing a configuration of a wireless tag included in the wireless communication system
- B is a waveform diagram showing the identification of the wireless tag
- C is a diagram (II) showing the configuration of the wireless tag included in the wireless communication system
- D is a diagram showing the configuration of the wireless tag included in the wireless communication system.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram (III) illustrating a configuration of a wireless tag.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed configuration of the wireless tag according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a transmission waveform in the wireless communication system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram illustrating power supply according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a schematic configuration of a wireless tag according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a mechanism of wireless tag identification in the wireless communication system according to the second embodiment, where (A) is a waveform diagram (I) and (B) is a waveform diagram (II).
- FIG. 11 is a view showing a wireless tag according to a first modification of the first and second embodiments;
- (A), (B) and (D) are circuit diagrams showing a schematic configuration of a wireless tag according to the first modification, and
- (C) is a diagram showing reception of a signal in an interrogator according to the first modification. It is a figure which shows an aspect.
- Garden 12 is a circuit diagram showing a schematic configuration of another wireless tag according to a first modification of the first and second embodiments.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B are waveform diagrams illustrating a wireless tag identification mechanism according to a second modification of the first and second embodiments.
- FIG. 14A is a first waveform diagram
- FIG. FIG. 7C is a third waveform diagram.
- FIG. 15 is a detailed configuration diagram showing a further modification of the wireless tag.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an interrogator according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a position detection process according to a third embodiment, where (a) is a conceptual diagram illustrating a first stage of the position detection process, and (b) is a conceptual diagram illustrating a second stage of the position detection process.
- FIG. 7C is a conceptual diagram showing a third stage of the position detection process.
- each wireless tag and each interrogator are identified by UWB wireless communication, and the distance between the interrogators of each wireless tag and the distance between each interrogator are detected.
- wireless communication systems that specify the position of wireless tags and interrogators This is an embodiment in which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the wireless communication system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the wireless tag according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the interrogator according to the first embodiment,
- FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram showing operations of the transponder and the interrogator according to the first embodiment, and
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the operation of the transponder and the interrogator in more detail
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed configuration of the wireless tag according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 7 is an interrogator according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a waveform of a pulse signal transmitted by force
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a waveform of a pulse signal and a power signal transmitted from the interrogator according to the first embodiment.
- the radio communication system S is an interrogator PC1, PC2, PC3,..., PCn each having an antenna ANT, and is a target of distance measurement. It consists of wireless tags TG1, TG2, TG3,..., And TGn as transponders attached to products and the like.
- each interrogator PCn transmits a pulse signal according to the UWB method to each wireless tag TGn.
- the pulse signal is transmitted from a later-described broadband antenna provided in the interrogator PCn, and is received by a later-described broadband antenna provided in each wireless tag TGn.
- the pulse signal received by each wireless tag TGn is reflected by a load impedance unit described later in each wireless tag TGn, and is again returned from the broadband antenna provided in the wireless tag TGn (the received signal described above). It is transmitted (returned) to each interrogator PCn as a response signal corresponding to the pulse signal) according to the UWB method.
- each interrogator PCn receives the response signal by the wideband antenna and detects the content. Then, based on the content of the detected response signal, each interrogator PCn identifies each wireless tag TGn with each other, and furthermore, includes the packet included in the received response signal. The distance to each wireless tag TGn is detected based on the mode of the wave.
- each wireless tag TGn a control unit described later in one wireless tag TGn so that the load impedance of the load impedance unit has a different load impedance between the wireless tags TGn. Is controlled by As a result, since the load impedance differs between the wireless tags TGn, the polarity of the pulse wave included in the response signal differs between the wireless tags TGn, and as a result, each interrogator It is possible for PCn to identify each wireless tag itself.
- each wireless tag TGn includes a pair of broadband antennas 1 made of, for example, a thin-film metal and the like, and a transmission line 2 as a transmission unit made of parallel lines. As shown in the figure, it is composed of a load impedance section 3 as a generating means including a switching element and the like, a control section 4, a power supply section 5, and a pair of narrow band antennas 6 for obtaining power.
- the narrow-band antenna 6 receives a power signal that is a continuous wave transmitted from a narrow-band antenna described later in the interrogator PCn, and uses a current induced by the power signal as a received current as a power supply unit 5. Output to
- the power supply unit 5 is driven by the received current, generates a control signal Sc for controlling the load impedance constituted by the load impedance unit 3 and the transmission path 2, and generates the control signal Sc.
- the pair of wideband antennas 1 are wideband antennas capable of performing wireless communication according to the UWB method, and are electrically connected to the load impedance unit 3 via the transmission path 2, respectively.
- the transmission line 2 is formed by a parallel line having a constant characteristic impedance, and connects the pair of broadband antennas 1 and the load impedance unit 3.
- the other part of the received current not used for direct reflection in broadband antenna 1 propagates in transmission line 2 and is reflected in load impedance section 3, and returns as a response signal to broadband antenna 1 again. Propagating toward. Then, the response signal reaching the broadband antenna 1 is radiated from the broadband antenna 1 and transmitted to the interrogator PCn. At this time, since the transmission line 2 has a constant characteristic impedance, unnecessary reflection does not occur in the middle of the transmission line.
- the length L of one transmission path 2 is equal to the length of the reflected wave and the pulse wave constituting the response signal
- the length is set to be longer and different for each wireless tag TGn.
- the propagation speed of the response signal is the propagation speed when the pulse propagates through the transmission path 2.
- the interrogator PCn includes identification means, reflected wave detection means, response wave detection means, response wave interval detection means, transmission / reception interval detection means, and distance recognition means.
- Controller 10 delay units 11 and 13, a clock signal generator 12, a pulse generator 14 as pulse generation means, and a wideband antenna 15 (pulse signal) having the same configuration as the wideband antenna 1 in the wireless tag TGn.
- Transmission a template pulse generator 16, a correlator 17, a broadband antenna 18 having the same configuration as the wideband antenna 15 (for receiving a response signal from the radio tag TGn), a decoder 19, and an oscillator 20.
- the oscillator 20, the modulator 21, the amplifier 22, and the narrow-band antenna 23 constitute a power supply unit B for transmitting a radio wave composed of a continuous wave to the narrow-band antenna 6 of the wireless tag TGn. .
- the clock signal generator 12 when transmitting the pulse signal to the wireless tag TGn, the clock signal generator 12 generates a clock signal Scl of a predetermined constant frequency and outputs it to the delay units 11 and 13, respectively.
- the delay unit 11 delays the clock signal Scl based on the control signal Scdl from the controller 10, and outputs the delayed clock signal Scl to the pulse generator 14 as a delayed clock signal Sdl.
- the delay amount of the clock signal Scl in the delay unit 11 is given a random delay for each of the noise signals by, for example, a so-called pseudo-random code. More specifically, as the pseudo-random code, for example, a so-called M-system system (MaximaHength
- Gold sequences are suitable.
- the pulse generator 14 generates a pulse signal Sout from the delayed clock signal Sdl by a preset pulse generation process according to the UWB method, and sends the pulse signal Sout to the wireless tag TGn via the broadband antenna 15. Send to.
- the response signal from each wireless tag TGn is received by wideband antenna 18 and output to correlator 17 as response signal Sin.
- the clock signal generator 12 outputs the clock signal Scl to the delay unit 13, and the delay unit 13 outputs the clock signal Scl based on the control signal Scd2 from the controller 10. And outputs the same to the template pulse generator 16 as a delayed clock signal Sd2.
- the delay amount in the delay unit 11 and the delay amount in the delay unit 13 are different from each other.
- the template pulse generator 16 uses the delayed clock signal Sd2 to generate a later-described reference (template) signal Stp used for analyzing the content of the received response signal Sin.
- the correlator 17 compares the received response signal Sin with the reference signal Stp, particularly according to the delay amount in the delay unit 13, and displays the correlation signal indicating the degree of mutual correlation (similarity).
- the decoder 19 decodes and decodes the content of the response signal Sin based on the correlation signal Scm, and outputs the result to the controller 10 as a decoded signal Sdc.
- the controller 10 converts the received response signal Sin based on the decoded signal Sdc.
- the transmitted wireless tag TGn is identified from other wireless tags TGn as described later, and the distance of the transmitted wireless tag TGn from the interrogator PCn that has received the response signal Sin is determined as described later.
- the oscillator 20 in the power supply unit B generates an oscillation signal S indicating the preset frequency of the continuous wave, and outputs it to the modulator 21.
- the modulator 21 modulates the oscillation signal Sf with a preset modulation process (more specifically, for example, the identification number information for each wireless tag TGn. And the like in the case where the above continuous wave is transmitted as a carrier wave, amplitude modulation processing corresponding to the contents of the identification number information, etc.), and outputs the modulated signal Se to the amplifier 22.
- a preset modulation process more specifically, for example, the identification number information for each wireless tag TGn.
- the above continuous wave is transmitted as a carrier wave, amplitude modulation processing corresponding to the contents of the identification number information, etc.
- the amplifier 22 performs a predetermined amplification process on the modulation signal Se, and supplies the power signal Sbb to the narrow band antenna 6 of each wireless tag TGn via the narrow band antenna 23. Send to.
- the pulse waveform before the radiation of the pulse signal Sout from the wideband antenna 15 is the pulse wave P shown at the top of FIG. 4A, the pulse waveform in the pulse signal immediately after being radiated from the broadband antenna 15 is Because of the differential characteristics of the pulse wave P, a waveform obtained by differentiating the pulse wave P once, such as the pulse wave Pout shown in the second stage from the top in FIG.
- the pulse waveform of the pulse signal is also Because of the differential characteristics of the above, the pulse wave Pout becomes a waveform that is differentiated once more, such as the pulse wave Prv shown in the third row from the top in Fig. 4 (A).
- the noise signal reflected at the load impedance section 3 (that is, The pulse waveform of the pulse signal immediately after the response signal) is emitted from the broadband antenna 1 has the above-described differential characteristic of the broadband antenna 1, and the pulse wave Ptout shown in the fourth row from the top in FIG. It becomes a waveform obtained by differentiating the pulse wave Prv once.
- the pulse waveform is similarly Because of the differential characteristic of 18, the waveform becomes a waveform obtained by differentiating the pulse wave Ptout once more, such as the pulse wave Pin shown at the bottom of FIG.
- the reference signal Stp output from the template pulse generator 16 is used to identify a pulse signal having the same waveform as the pulse signal transmitted from the wideband antenna 15 and to perform radio ranging for distance measurement.
- a radio signal which is differentiated by the required number of times so as to have the same or correlated waveform as the response signal Sin transmitted and received from the tag TGn, or their phase-inverted waveforms. This is a reference signal obtained by delaying the time from the reception of the pulse signal to the transmission of the response signal on the transmission path 2 in the tag TGn.
- the correlator 17 compares the reference signal Stp (see the waveform of the pulse Prv in Fig. 4) with the response signal Sin actually input from the wideband antenna 18. Accordingly, when the correlation (phase correlation) between the response signal Sin and the reference signal Stp is positive as shown in FIG. 4B, the content of the response signal Sin is determined to be “1” by the decoder 19. On the other hand, when the correlation between the response signal Sin and the reference signal Stp is negative as shown in the lower part of FIG. 4 (B), the content of the response signal Sin is determined to be ⁇ 0 '' by the decoder 19, and these determination values are The controller outputs the decoded signal Sdc corresponding to the above to the controller 10.
- Fig. 5 (A) is a diagram showing the configuration of the broadband antenna 1, the transmission line 2, and the load impedance unit 3 in multiple wireless tags TGn
- Fig. 5 (B) is shown in Fig. 5 (A).
- 6 is a timing chart showing a pulse signal and a response signal transmitted and received between each wireless tag TGn.
- Fig. 5 (A In) the control unit 4, the power supply unit 5, and the narrow band antenna 6 in the wireless tag TGn are not shown.
- the load impedance unit 3 is configured only by the switching element controlled by the control unit 4, and the wireless tag TG3 has the same length as the wireless tag TG1.
- a resistor 3R for load matching is connected in series.
- FIG. 5 (B) the timing chart showing the waveform of pulse signal P immediately before being radiated from broadband antenna 15 of interrogator PCn is shown at the top, and the above pulse signal S out is output from broadband antenna 15. Is received by the wireless tag TG1 and returned by the wireless tag TG1, and the corresponding response signal Sin is received immediately by the broadband antenna 18 of the interrogator PCn.
- the chart above is also shown in the second row, and the above-mentioned noise signal Sout is input to the wideband antenna 15, and the pulse wave transmitted from the wideband antenna 15 is received by the wireless tag TG2, returned and the corresponding response signal Sin is sent to the interrogator.
- the timing chart of the response signal Sin immediately after being received by the PCn broadband antenna 18 is shown in the third row from the top, and the pulse signal Sout is a wideband antenna. 15 is a timing chart of the response signal Sin immediately after the response wave Sin received by the wireless tag TG3 and the corresponding response signal Sin is received by the broadband antenna 18 of the interrogator PCn. Is shown at the bottom.
- each wireless tag TGn included in the wireless communication system S of the first embodiment includes the transmission line 2 and the load impedance unit 3 having different lengths in principle. Therefore, the time required for the pulse signal transmitted from the interrogator PCn to be received by the broadband antenna 1 of each wireless tag TGn, reflected by the load impedance unit 3 and transmitted again as a force response signal by the broadband antenna 1 is determined for each wireless tag. Will be different for each TGn
- a pulse signal Sout from the interrogator PCn is shown in the upper left of FIG. 5B.
- a noise wave P shown a waveform before transmission; the same applies hereinafter
- the transmitted pulse wave is directly received by the wideband antenna 18 in the interrogator PCn, and A received pulse wave Pinl corresponding to the directly received pulse wave is generated as shown in the second stage left from the top in FIG. 5 (B).
- the pulse wave transmitted from the broadband antenna 15 is reflected by the broadband antenna 1 of the wireless tag TG1
- the reflected wave from the broadband antenna 1 is correspondingly reflected in two steps from the top in FIG. 5 (B).
- the interrogator PCn receives the reflected wave Pin2.
- the time interval for receiving the received pulse wave Pinl and the reflected wave Pin2 depends on the distance between the interrogator PCn and the wireless tag TG1, and the distance can be obtained by multiplying this time interval by the pulse wave speed.
- the pulse signal received by the wideband antenna 1 is reflected by the load impedance unit 3 and is transmitted again as a response signal from the wideband antenna 1, and the transmitted response is returned.
- the signal is received by the broadband antenna 18 of the interrogator PCn, and the corresponding reception noise wave Pin3 is generated as shown in the second stage left from the top of FIG. 5 (B).
- the reflected wave Pin2 has the same waveform as the pulse wave Pin shown at the bottom of FIG. Also, since the load impedance section 3 of the received pulse wave Pin3 is open, a pulse wave having the same waveform as the reflected wave Pin2 is received by the interrogator PCn after being delayed by the round-trip time T1 of the transmission line 2. Is done. When the reference signal Stp illustrated in FIG. 4B is used, the content of the received pulse wave Pin3 indicates “1”.
- FIG. 5 (B) Explanation will be made using the top left and the third left from the top.
- the pulse wave P shown at the top left of Fig. 5 (B) is input to the broadband antenna 15 as a pulse signal Sout from the interrogator PCn. Then, as in the case of the wireless tag TG1, a received pulse wave Pinl corresponding to the pulse wave directly received by the wideband antenna 18 is generated as shown in the third row from the top in Fig. 5 (B), as in the case of the wireless tag TG1. You. Next, when the pulse wave transmitted from the wideband antenna 15 is reflected by the wideband antenna 1 of the wireless tag TG2, the reflected wave Pin2 from the wideband antenna 1 is correspondingly changed from the upper side of FIG.
- the pulse signal received by the wideband antenna 1 is reflected by the load impedance section 3 and transmitted again as a response signal from the wideband antenna 1, and the transmitted response signal is interrogated.
- the corresponding received pulse wave Pin3 which is received by the broadband antenna 18 of the device PCn, is generated as shown in the third left from the top in FIG. 5 (B).
- the load impedance section 3 is open in the reception pulse wave Pin3
- the pulse wave having the same waveform as the reflection wave Pin2 is transmitted to the transmission line 2 of the wireless tag TG2 (the transmission line of the wireless tag TG1).
- the interrogator PC n receives the reflected wave Pin2.
- the pulse signal received by the wideband antenna 1 is reflected by the load impedance unit 3, and is transmitted again as a response signal from the wideband antenna 1.
- the received pulse wave Pin3 received by the broadband antenna 18 of the interrogator PCn is generated as shown in the lower left part of FIG. 5B.
- the received pulse wave Pin3 is not affected by the presence of the resistor 3R because the load impedance part 3 is open, so that a pulse wave having the same waveform as the reflected wave Pin2 is generated in the wireless tag TG3.
- the reference signal Stp illustrated in FIG. 4B is used, the content of the received pulse wave Pin3 indicates “1”.
- the pulse wave P shown in the upper right of FIG. 5B, the received pulse wave P inl corresponding to the pulse wave P directly received by the wideband antenna 18 is shown on the right and left two steps from the top in FIG. Is generated as follows.
- the pulse wave transmitted from the wideband antenna 15 is reflected by the wideband antenna 1 of the wireless tag TG1
- the reflected wave Pin2 from the wideband antenna 1 is correspondingly changed as shown in FIG. )
- the interrogator PCn As shown in the second right from the top, received by the interrogator PCn.
- the noise signal received by the broadband antenna 1 is reflected by the load impedance unit 3 and is transmitted again as a response signal from the broadband antenna 1, so that the transmitted signal is transmitted.
- the response signal is received by the broadband antenna 18 of the interrogator PCn, and the corresponding reception noise wave Pin3 is generated as shown in the second right from the top of FIG. 5 (B).
- the reflected wave Pin2 has the same waveform as the pulse wave Pin shown at the bottom of FIG. Since the load impedance section 3 is short-circuited in the reception pulse wave Pin3, the pulse wave whose polarity is inverted with respect to the reflection wave Pin2 is delayed by the round-trip time T1 of the transmission line 2 and interrogated. Received at PCn. When the reference signal Stp illustrated in FIG. 4B is used, the content of the received pulse wave Pin3 indicates “0”.
- the reflected wave Pin2 from the wideband antenna 1 is correspondingly shown in FIG. 5 (B). From the third step, as shown on the right, it is received by the interrogator PCn. Next, following the reflected wave Pin2, the noise signal received by the broadband antenna 1 is reflected by the load impedance unit 3 and transmitted again as a response signal from the broadband antenna 1, and the transmitted response signal Is received by the broadband antenna 18 of the interrogator PCn, and the corresponding received pulse wave Pin3 is generated as shown in the third right from the top of FIG. 5 (B).
- the reception noise wave Pin3 is a pulse wave whose polarity is inverted with respect to the reflection wave Pin2, and the time T2 of the round trip of the transmission line 2 in the wireless tag TG2 is T2. It is received by the interrogator PCn with a delay of (> time T1).
- the reference signal Stp illustrated in FIG. 4B is used, the content of the received pulse wave Pin3 indicates “0”.
- the pulse signal received by the wideband antenna 1 is not reflected by the load impedance unit 3 and is not transmitted as a response signal from the wideband antenna 1, so that the transmitted response
- the signal is not received by the wideband antenna 18 of the interrogator PCn, and the corresponding received pulse wave Pin3 is not generated as shown in the lower right of FIG. 5 (B). That is, in the reception pulse wave Pin3, since the load impedance section 3 is short-circuited and the resistor 3R functions as a resistor having a load matching function, the pulse signal is not reflected by the load impedance section 3.
- the response signal from the wireless tag TG3 is not transmitted, so that the received pulse wave corresponding to the received pulse wave Pin3 in the wireless tag TG1 or TG2 is not received by the interrogator PCn.
- the interrogator is used.
- the reception timing or waveform of the reception pulse wave Pin3 in PCn, or the presence or absence of the reception pulse wave Pin3 is different between the wireless tags TG1 to TG3, and the interrogator PCn can identify the wireless tags TG1 to TG3 from each other. It is possible.
- the load impedance unit 3 in the wireless tag TGn of the first embodiment includes a diode 30 (which is connected in series to the transmission line 2) that functions as a switching element shown in FIG. And two coils (or inductance elements) 31 connected between each of the two terminals of the diode 30 and the control unit 3.
- diode 30 is controlled by DC bias based on control from control unit 4.
- a DC bias is applied, a short circuit occurs, and when the application of the DC bias is stopped, the DC bias is released, thereby functioning as the switching element.
- the coil 31 prevents components other than the DC bias from being applied to the diode 30, prevents the noise signal propagating through the transmission line 2 from flowing to the control unit 4, and applies the DC bias.
- the load impedance unit 3 has a function of opening the pulse signal when stopped.
- the power supply unit 5 of the wireless tag TGn includes a rectifier circuit 32 and a matching circuit 33.
- the rectifier circuit 32 further includes capacitors 40 and 41 and diodes 42 and 43. It is configured.
- matching circuit 33 matches the power signal received by narrow-band antenna 6 composed of two antenna elements between the antenna elements, and has been carried by the power signal. The power is output to the rectifier circuit 32.
- the rectifier circuit 32 converts the power signal, which is an AC signal, into a DC signal by the functions of the capacitors 40 and 41 and the diodes 42 and 43, and drives the control unit 4 with the DC signal.
- the diode 30 forming the load impedance unit 3 may be configured by an FET (Field Effect Transistor). Further, matching circuit 33 may be omitted, or matching circuit 33 itself may be formed integrally with narrowband antenna 6.
- a single-pulse pulse wave P that forms a pulse signal Sout generated in the interrogator PCn has a predetermined length of time on the time axis. Only one in the lot TS is sent from the interrogator PCn. At this time, the timing at which the noise wave P is transmitted in one time slot TS is determined by, for example, the pseudo random code (more specifically, for example, a so-called M sequence or Gold sequence). ), The pulse wave P is transmitted at a randomized timing within one time slot TS. Therefore, the clock signal Scl is delayed by the pseudo random code in the delay unit 11 described above.
- the pseudo random code more specifically, for example, a so-called M sequence or Gold sequence
- the interval at which the pulse wave P is transmitted from the interrogator PCn is such that the interval is the longest of the transmission paths 2 of each wireless tag TGn, and the length of the transmission path 2 is the pulse received by the wireless tag TGn.
- the time is set longer than the time obtained by dividing the signal and the response signal by the propagation speed when propagating through the transmission path 2.
- the activation of the switching element in the wireless tag TGn is performed, for example, in synchronization with the start timing of the time slot TS in the interrogator PCn.
- the activation of the switching element is defined for every five time slots TS. Therefore, it is necessary that the clock signal Scl, which is a reference of the switching timing of the time slot TS in each interrogator PCn, and the clock signal, which is a reference of the activation of the switching element, are synchronized.
- a pulse wave Pout and a power signal Sbb corresponding to the above-described pulse signal are transmitted in a time-division manner.
- the reception by the band antenna 6 charges the wireless tag TGn, and the interrogator PCn receives the response signal in the time following the transmission of the pulse wave Pout.
- power signal time slot CT for transmitting power signal Sbb from narrowband antenna 23 ends that is, power sufficient to charge wireless tag TGn is supplied.
- the pulse signal time slot PT for transmitting the above-mentioned noise wave Pout from the broadband antenna 15 is started.
- a blank time slot BT according to the UWB method for separating the pulse signal time slot PT from the power signal time slot CT is started.
- the interrogator PCn receives the above-described response signal using the blank slot BT. Further, when the blank time slot BT ends, the next power signal time slot CT starts.
- the power signal Sbb may be transmitted using a so-called frequency hopping technique.
- information such as identification information such as ID for identifying the wireless tag TGn is transmitted to the wireless tag TGn.
- ID for identifying the wireless tag TGn is transmitted to the wireless tag TGn.
- the interrogator PCn may be configured to receive the radio waves as the power signal Sbb by the wireless tag TGn.
- the transmission path 2 having a preset length is connected to the broadband antenna 1 and the load. Since the impedance unit 3 is connected, the transmission mode (response signal waveform and transmission timing) of the response signal generated from the pulse signal changes depending on its length and load impedance, and as a result, While identifying the wireless tag TGn based on the waveform of the response signal, the distance to the wireless tag TGn can be detected based on the transmission timing.
- identification and distance detection of the wireless tag TGn can be performed without using a carrier wave, and miniaturization and low power consumption can be achieved. This enables identification and distance detection of the wireless tag TGn.
- the wireless tags TG1 and TG2 are generated from the noise signals received by the wireless tags TGn.
- the transmission mode of the response signal in other words, the reception mode (signal waveform of each response signal and the reception timing at the interrogator) of the response signal transmitted from each wireless tag TGn by the interrogator PCn depends on the transmission mode at each wireless tag TGn.
- each wireless tag TGn is identified by the difference in the signal waveform, and each wireless tag is determined by the difference in the reception timing. Interrogator to tag TGn The distance from PCn can be detected.
- the characteristic impedance is constant over the length of the transmission path 2, unnecessary reflection from the middle of the transmission path 2 does not occur without fluctuation of the response signal waveform and transmission timing. It can identify the wireless tag TGn and detect the distance to the wireless tag TGn with high accuracy.
- the length of the transmission line 2 is a length of one half or more of a value obtained by multiplying a propagation speed of each signal on the transmission line 2 by a time corresponding to a pulse width of the noise signal. Therefore, it is reflected from the broadband antenna 1 itself in the wireless tag TGn according to the pulse signal. The emitted reflected wave and the original response signal can be clearly identified to identify the RFID tag TGn and detect the distance.
- the transmission mode of the response signal transmitted from each wireless tag TGn is determined according to the information to be received. It can be changed later, and a multi-bit response signal can be generated and transmitted.
- the power is obtained by receiving the power signal Sbb, which is a continuous wave, at the wireless tag TGn, an external power source such as a battery is not required, and the wireless tag TGn can be further downsized and the operating cost can be reduced. .
- the response signal from each wireless tag TGn is received by the wideband antenna 18 and the wireless tag TGn is identified by comparison with the reference signal Stp, so that the identification and distance detection of the wireless tag TGn are performed.
- the reference signal Stp By using no carrier wave, miniaturization and low power consumption can be achieved.
- a clock signal Scl is delayed in delay unit 11 to generate a noise signal
- clock signal Scl is delayed in delay unit 13 by a delay time different from that of delay unit 11. Since the correlation between the generated reference signal Stp and the response signal Sin is obtained, it is possible to accurately detect the content of the response signal Sin and to detect the time interval of each of the reflected signal and the response signal.
- the clock signal Scl is delayed based on the pseudo-random code according to the timing of each delay, it is possible to prevent occurrence of noise overlap between response signals from the wireless tags TGn.
- the continuous pulse signal is reflected by the load impedance unit 3 having either the short circuit function or the open function, and the response signal is received by the interrogator PCn.
- the signal-to-noise ratio of the decoded signal Sdc output from the decoder 19 is improved as compared with the case where information is transmitted and received using only the pulse signal of, and the communication distance between the interrogator PCn and the wireless tag TGn is extended. It is possible to do.
- each wireless tag TGn is identified based on the interval between the detected response signals, the identification can be performed accurately.
- the content included in the response signal is recognized by determining the polarity of the response signal in the interrogator PCn, the content of the response signal is accurately recognized with a simple configuration of the interrogator PCn. be able to.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a detailed configuration of the wireless tag according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a correlation of response signals from the wireless tag.
- the same members as those of the wireless tag TGn according to the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same member numbers, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the wireless tag TGGn according to the second embodiment has the same broadband antenna 1, transmission path 2, narrowband antenna 6, matching circuit as the wireless tag TGn according to the first embodiment. 33 and a rectifier circuit 32, a detection circuit 35, a control unit 34 as length control means, five coils (or inductance elements) 44 to 48, four capacitors 50 to 53, and a resistor 54 And four diodes 55 to 58.
- the length of the transmission path 2 is similar to the wireless tag TGn according to the first embodiment,
- the propagation speed of the response signal is the propagation speed when the pulse propagates through the transmission path 2.
- the coils 44 to 48 apply only a DC bias to each of the diodes 55 to 58 in the same manner as the wireless tag TGn according to the first embodiment, and at the same time, prevent the pulse wave from flowing to the control unit 34.
- Capacitors 50 to 53 serve as filters, and serve as DC (DC component) cuts that pass the pulse wave as it is and simultaneously separate each DC bias. It is preferable that the ends of the 2 are load-matched by the resistor 54 in order to prevent unnecessary reflection.
- one of the diodes is short-circuited by the control unit 34 and the other.
- one wireless tag TG Gn has four types (specifically, length L, length (L + L), length (L + 2L), or length (
- the reception mode of the response signal in the interrogator PCn is controlled by switching in the control unit 34 so that only one diode is sequentially shorted from the diode 55 in the wireless tag TGGn to the diode 58 in FIG.
- the response signal Sin shifted by 1Z2 of the pulse width T of the pulse signal is received.
- the correlator 17 takes a correlation, thereby changing the content of each response signal Sin to either ⁇ 1 '' or ⁇ 0 ''. Can be determined.
- the wireless tag TGGn in addition to the effect of the wireless communication system S according to the first embodiment, there is a response signal from the wireless tag TGGn. Since the effective length of the transmission path is controlled according to the signal form to be transmitted, the transmission form of the response signal transmitted from each wireless tag TGGn can be changed according to the information to be transmitted, and the multi-bit A response signal can be generated and transmitted.
- the length of the transmission path is N / 4 times the multiplied value, which is 1/2 of the value obtained by multiplying the propagation speed of each signal on the transmission path by the time corresponding to the pulse width of the pulse signal. Therefore, the distance can be detected while reliably identifying each wireless tag TGGn.
- a wireless tag is replaced with a wireless tag TGV1 shown in FIG. 11 ( ⁇ ) or a wireless tag TGV1 shown in FIG. 11 ( ⁇ ). It can be configured like the wireless tag TGV2 shown.
- the wireless tag TGV1 includes, in addition to the broadband antenna 1 and the transmission line 2 similar to the wireless tag TGn according to the first embodiment, transmission lines 60 to 60 formed of parallel lines and having mutually different lengths. It has 62. Each transmission path is electrically connected to a center of the transmission path 2 opposite to the end opposite to the broadband antenna 1. With this configuration, the wireless tag TGV1 is connected to three transmission paths, namely, the first transmission path including the transmission path 2 and the transmission path 60, the second transmission path including the transmission path 2 and the transmission path 61, and the transmission path 2. Three transmission paths, ie, a third transmission path including the transmission path 62, are provided.
- the wireless tag TGV1 does not include a circuit element that requires power, such as the switching element in the wireless tag TGn according to the first embodiment, and transmits the response signal to the interrogator PCn. What is done is always constant. Note that the contents to be included in the response signal between the wireless tags TGV1 can be made different by opening or shorting the transmission lines 60 to 62 or by using a matched load.
- the wireless tag TGV2 has, in addition to the configuration of the above-described wireless tag TGV1, a transmission line 63 to 65 which is formed of a parallel line and has different lengths at the end of the transmission line 61.
- the wireless tag TGV1 has five transmission paths, that is, a first transmission path that also has power with the transmission path 2 and the transmission path 60, a second transmission path that includes the transmission path 2, the transmission path 61, and the transmission path 63; A third transmission path including the transmission path 2, the transmission path 62, and the transmission path 64, a fourth transmission path including the transmission path 2, the transmission path 61, and the transmission path 64, and a fourth transmission path including the transmission path 2 and the transmission path 62.
- Five transmission paths are provided.
- the wireless tag TGV2 does not include a circuit element requiring power, and the content transmitted to the interrogator PCn as a response signal is always constant.
- the length of the transmission lines 60 to 65 is a natural number times the length of the shortest transmission line 60.
- the length of the transmission line 60 is different between the wireless tags TGV1 or TGV2.
- each transmission path corresponds to a transmission unit in the present invention.
- FIG. 11 (C) a waveform when the response signal from the wireless tag TGV1 is received by the interrogator PCn will be described using FIG. 11 (C).
- the length of the transmission line 60 in the tag TGV 1 is L
- the length of the transmission line 61 is L
- the length of the transmission line 62 is the same.
- pulse wave P shown in FIG.
- the signal is input to 1 and transmitted, first, the same received pulse wave Pinl and reflected wave Pin2 as in the case of FIG. 5B are received. Next, reception pulse waves Pin4 to Pin6 are received with a time difference as a response signal from the wireless tag TGV1. At this time, the received pulse wave Pin4 is transmitted via the above-described first transmission path, that is, the length corresponding to the length (L + L) obtained by adding the transmission path 60 to the transmission path 2 of the wireless tag TGV1. Is transmitted through the transmission path of
- the received pulse wave Pin5 is transmitted through the second transmission path, that is, has a length (L + L) corresponding to the length of the transmission path 61 added to the transmission path 2 of the wireless tag TGV1.
- the signal transmitted through the transmission path, and the received pulse wave Pin6 is the signal transmitted through the third transmission path, that is, the length (L) obtained by adding the transmission path 62 to the transmission path 2 of the wireless tag TGV1.
- + L) is transmitted via a transmission path having a length corresponding to (L).
- each transmission path ((transmission path 2 + transmission path 60), (transmission path 2 + transmission path 61) And (transmission path 2 + transmission path 62)), each of which has a different length, and by opening or short-circuiting the end of each transmission path, receiving one pulse signal and returning a multi-bit response signal I will trust you.
- Loose waves Pin4 to Pin6 may be partially overlapped with each other.By taking correlation using reference signals Stp4 to Stp6 generated separately, each received pulse wave Pin4 to Pin6 is separated from each other. The content as the response signal can be detected.
- the reference signal Stp4 is a reference signal corresponding to the reception pulse signal Sin4
- the reference signal Stp5 is a reference signal corresponding to the reception noise signal Sin5
- the reference signal Stp6 is a reference signal corresponding to the reception noise signal Sin6. Signal.
- the wireless tag TGV1 includes a transmission path 2 and the wireless tag TGV2 includes a transmission path 2 and a transmission path 61, each of which has a function as at least a part of each transmission path having a different length
- the wireless tag TGV1 Alternatively, it is possible to realize a transmission path having a plurality of lengths while reducing the size of the TGV2.
- the wireless communication system can also be configured using a wireless tag TGV3 including element wireless tags TTG1 to TTG4 to which are respectively connected 70 and 72.
- the lengths of the transmission lines 2 and 70 to 72 are different from each other, and the ends of the transmission lines 2 and 70 to 72 are opened or short-circuited, so that the wireless tag TGV3 Although its size is somewhat large, it can generate a multi-bit response signal from one pulse signal and send it to the interrogator PCn with an extremely simple configuration.
- a broadband antenna 1 and a transmission path 2 according to the first embodiment are provided like a wireless tag TGR shown in FIG. 13 (A).
- a plurality of resonance circuits 75 to 78 each including a coil (or an inductance element) and a capacitor are connected in series with the transmission line 2 so that the resonance circuits 75 to 78 resonate at different resonance frequencies.
- the received pulse signal can be configured to be deformed. Note that, in order to identify each wireless tag TGR from each other, it is necessary to configure the wireless tags TGR so as to have different resonance frequencies.
- the wireless tag TGR since an ultra-wide band frequency is used as the UWB method, a multi-bit response signal can be generated even when a so-called resonant circuit having a relatively low Q value is used. That is, all of the resonance circuits 75 to 78, the broadband antenna 1 and the transmission path 2 can be formed by thinning or thickening by a printing technique or the like. In this case, it is desirable to form so-called microstrip lines or parallel lines other than the broadband antenna 1 to suppress reflection.
- the interrogator to be included in the wireless communication system including the wireless tag TGR has a configuration as shown in FIG. 13 (B).
- the interrogator PCC includes a controller 10, delay units 11 and 13, and a clock signal similar to the interrogator PCn according to the first embodiment.
- generator 12 pulse generator 14, broadband antennas 15 and 18, template pulse generator 16, correlator 17, and power supply B, synthesizer 82, sampler 81, and FFT as analysis means (Fast
- interrogator PCC having this configuration receives response signal Sin from wireless tag TGR, first, reference signal Stp generated by template pulse generator 16 and response signal Sin are synthesized by synthesizer 82 The sampling signal 81 is sampled by the sampling unit 81 while shifting the timing of a large number of pulse waves included in the synthesized signal Sm to generate a sampling signal Ssp. Then, FFT processing is performed on the sampling signal Ssp by the FFT unit 80 to generate an FFT signal Sffl and output it to the controller 10. [0269] Thus, the controller 10 can identify the wireless tag TGR by determining which frequency component is changing based on the FFT signal Sffi. Further, the distance from the interrogator PCC to the wireless tag TGR can be detected based on the content of the correlation signal Scm from the correlator 17.
- the load impedance characteristic of the wireless tag TGR takes the maximum value at each of the resonance frequencies of the resonance circuits 75 to 78.
- the response signal generated by reflecting the pulse signal received in each of the resonance circuits 75 to 78 has a frequency at which the load impedance is larger than the characteristic impedance of the transmission line 2.
- the pulse signal has the same polarity as the received pulse signal.
- the load impedance is lower than the characteristic impedance of the transmission line 2
- the short-circuit of the wireless tag TGn is short.
- the pulse signal is transmitted from the wideband antenna 1 with a polarity opposite to that of the received pulse signal.
- the response signal generated in this way is received by the interrogator PCC, and the reference signal whose frequency characteristic has signal strength over a wide frequency band as shown in FIG. 14 (B)
- the response signal Sin and the reference signal Stp cancel each other out in the frequency component of the polarity opposite to that of the pulse signal, and as a result, the frequency characteristic of the response signal is reduced as shown in Fig. 14 (C). It can be read by FFT processing. Therefore, since the intensity distribution is the same between the waveform shown in FIG. 14 (C) and the waveform shown in FIG. 14 (A), each radio tag TGR can be identified by the interrogator PCC.
- the RFID tag TGR since the RFID tag TGR includes the resonance circuits 75 to 78 that can resonate at a plurality of resonance frequencies, the Q value is relatively low. Even if a low resonance circuit is used, a multi-bit response signal can be generated.
- the response signal from the wireless tag TGR is received by the wideband antenna 18, the response signal Sin is sampled, and the wireless tag TGR is identified based on the result of frequency analysis. Therefore, the identification and the distance detection of the wireless tag TGR become possible, and miniaturization and low power consumption can be achieved by not using a carrier wave.
- the wireless tag TGR can be accurately identified with a simple configuration.
- the wireless tag TGR can be identified using the reference signal Stp unified with each response signal Sin. .
- the length L of the transmission path 2 is set so that each pulse wave can be sufficiently separated compared to the communication range.
- power can be supplied to the wireless tag TGn and the like using, for example, a solar cell.
- the narrow-band antenna 6 shown in FIG. 6 is not required, so that the configuration can be simplified and the size can be reduced.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to the third embodiment
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an interrogator according to the third embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration.
- the overall configuration and operation of the wireless communication system according to the third embodiment are the same as those of the wireless communication system according to the first or second embodiment. A detailed description is omitted by attaching a member number.
- the wireless communication system SS includes interrogators PC1, PC2, PC3,..., PCn each having an antenna ANT (n is a natural number; the same applies hereinafter). , And wireless tags TG1, TG2,..., TGn as transponders attached to products or the like to be measured.
- each interrogator PCn transmits a pulse signal according to the UWB method to each wireless tag TGn.
- the pulse signal is transmitted from a later-described broadband antenna provided in the interrogator PCn, and is received by a later-described broadband antenna provided in each wireless tag TGn.
- the pulse signal received by each wireless tag TGn is reflected by a load impedance unit described later in each wireless tag TGn, and is again returned from a wideband antenna provided in the wireless tag TGn by the response signal (the received It is transmitted (replyed) to each interrogator PCn as a response signal corresponding to the pulse signal).
- each interrogator PCn receives the response signal by the wideband antenna and detects the content. Then, based on the contents of the detected response signal, each interrogator PCn identifies each wireless tag TGn, and determines the transmission time of the pulse signal transmitted from each interrogator PCn to each wireless tag TGn. The time between the corresponding response signal and the reception time at each interrogator PCn is detected, and based on the detected time, the linear distance between each interrogator PCn and the wireless tag TGn is determined at each interrogator PCn. To detect.
- each wireless tag TGn the load impedance of the load impedance section is set to be different from each other between the wireless tags TGn (or the time of the load impedance in each wireless tag TGn).
- the wireless tag TGn is controlled by a control unit to be described later so that the dynamic change differs from each other).
- each interrogator PCn is connected to another interrogator PCm (m is a natural number and n ⁇ m.
- interrogator and “other When the interrogator is distinguished from the interrogator, a pulse signal conforming to the UWB method is transmitted for multiple bits to the "interrogator PCn" and “other interrogator PCm” as above. . At this time, the pulse signal is transmitted from the broadband antenna for transmission provided in interrogator PCn as described above, and is received by the wideband antenna for reception provided in another interrogator PCm. .
- a pulse signal for a plurality of bits is similarly generated from a transmission broadband antenna provided in the other interrogator PCm according to the UWB method. Is sent (replyed) to the original interrogator PCn.
- each interrogator PCn receives the returned pulse signal from the broadband antenna, detects the content thereof, and sends it to each interrogator PCn based on the content of the detected pulse signal. Then, the other interrogator PCm is identified, and the distance to the other interrogator PCm is detected based on the form of the pulse wave included in the received pulse signal.
- the time from when the pulse signal from the original interrogator PCn is received to the time when the corresponding reply pulse signal is transmitted to the original interrogator PCn is obtained.
- the time is detected, the time information is added to the above-mentioned reply signal, and the signal is transmitted to the original interrogator PCn.
- a corresponding reply pulse signal from the time at which the pulse signal was first transmitted to the other interrogator PCm is returned together with the time information of the other interrogator PCm.
- the space between the original interrogator PCn and the other interrogator PCm can be read by the pulse signal or The time at which the corresponding reply pulse signal is transmitted is detected, and the linear distance between the original interrogator PCn and another interrogator PCm is detected based on the detected time at the original interrogator PCn.
- the use of a pulse signal of a plurality of bits for mutual recognition and distance detection between interrogators PCn is different from that of interrogators PCn in radio communication conforming to the UWB method in the wireless tag TGn. Because a simple reflection function based on the transmission line and load is not used, it is necessary to perform wireless communication by distinguishing between pulse signals transmitted and received for device recognition and pulse signals transmitted and received for distance detection. .
- each wireless tag TGn according to the third embodiment is the same as the configuration of each wireless tag TGn according to the first embodiment described using FIG. Description is omitted.
- the interrogator PCn includes first distance detecting means, second distance detecting means, device position detecting means, transponder identifying means, third distance detecting means, determining means, A controller 10 as a notification means and an interrogator number detection means, delay units 11 and 13, a clock signal generator 12, a pulse generator 14, and a broadband having the same configuration as the wideband antenna 1 in the wireless tag TGn.
- Antenna 15 for transmitting pulse signals
- template pulse generator 16 correlator 17, and wideband antenna 18 (for receiving a response signal from wireless tag TGn) having the same configuration as wideband antenna 15
- Demodulator 26, and Configured Rereru At this time, the oscillator 20, the modulator 21, the amplifier 22, the narrow-band antenna 23, the transmission / reception switch 24, the low-noise amplifier 25, and the demodulator 26 transmit the radio wave composed of the continuous wave to the narrow-band antenna of the wireless tag TGn.
- the power supply unit B of the interrogator PCn transmits and receives information to and from another interrogator PCm (information using a pulse signal described later) in addition to the power supply function for the wireless tag TGn.
- Wireless LAN Local Area Network
- each interrogator PCn with the wireless tag TGn
- the clock signal generator 12 when transmitting the pulse signal to the wireless tag TGn, the clock signal generator 12 generates a clock signal Scl of a predetermined constant frequency and outputs it to the delay units 11 and 13, respectively.
- the delay unit 11 delays the clock signal Scl based on the control signal Scdl from the controller 10, and outputs the delayed clock signal Scl to the pulse generator 14 as a delayed clock signal Sdl.
- the delay amount of the clock signal Scl in the delay unit 11 is given a random delay for each pulse signal by, for example, a so-called pseudo random code. More specifically, as the pseudo-random code, for example, a so-called M-system system (MaximaHength
- Gold sequences are suitable.
- the pulse generator 14 generates a pulse signal Sout from the delayed clock signal Sdl by a preset pulse generation process in accordance with the UWB method, and sends the pulse signal Sout to the wireless tag TGn via the broadband antenna 15. Send to.
- the response signal from each wireless tag TGn is received by the wideband antenna 18 and output to the correlator 17 as a response signal Sin.
- the clock signal generator 12 outputs the clock signal Scl to the delay unit 13, and the delay unit 13 outputs the clock signal Scl based on the control signal Scd2 from the controller 10. And outputs the same to the template pulse generator 16 as a delayed clock signal Sd2.
- the delay amount in the delay unit 11 and the delay amount in the delay unit 13 are different from each other.
- template pulse generator 16 generates a reference (template) signal Stp used for analyzing the content of the received response signal Sin using the delayed clock signal Sd2, and outputs the signal to correlator 17.
- the correlator 17 compares the received response signal Sin and the reference signal Stp, particularly with their respective phases, to generate a correlation signal Scm indicating the degree of mutual correlation (similarity). Output to decoder 19.
- the decoder 19 decodes and decodes the content of the response signal Sin based on the correlation signal Scm, and outputs the result to the controller 10 as a decoded signal Sdc.
- the controller 10 identifies the wireless tag TGn that has transmitted the received response signal Sin from other wireless tags TGn, as described later, based on the decoded signal Sdc, and also determines the transmitted wireless tag TGn. The distance from the interrogator PCn that has received the response signal Sin of the tag TGn is determined as described later.
- the oscillator 20 in the power supply unit B when supplying power to the wireless tag TGn from the interrogator PCn, the oscillator 20 in the power supply unit B generates an oscillation signal Sf3 ⁇ 4r indicating the frequency of the preset continuous wave and modulates it. Output to the container 21.
- the modulator 21 performs a preset modulation process on the oscillation signal Sf (more specifically, for example, the identification number information for each wireless tag TGn. And the like in the case where the above continuous wave is transmitted as a carrier wave, amplitude modulation processing corresponding to the contents of the identification number information and the like) is performed, and the modulated signal Se is output to the power amplifier 22.
- power amplifier 22 performs a predetermined amplification process on modulated signal Se, and outputs the result to transmission / reception switch 24 as transmission signal Str.
- the transmission / reception switch 24 transmits the transmission signal Str as the power signal Sbb to the narrow band antenna 6 of each wireless tag TGn via the narrow band antenna 23 at a preset transmission timing. Send.
- the oscillation signal Sf from the oscillator 20 is demodulated by the demodulator 26 together with the power amplifier 22. Is also output.
- the functions of the modulator 21, the power amplifier 22, the transmission / reception switch 24, and the narrowband antenna 23 carry information to be transmitted in the same manner as when power is supplied to the wireless tag TGn described above.
- the transmitted continuous wave signal is transmitted to the other interrogator PCm of the transmission destination.
- the continuous wave signal for reply from the other interrogator PCm is received by narrow-band antenna 23, and is received as low-noise signal from duplexer 24 as received signal Srv at a predetermined reception timing. Transmitted to amplifier 25. Then, the signal is amplified by the low-noise amplifier 25 at a preset amplification factor, and output to the demodulator 26 as an amplified reception signal Saw. As a result, the demodulator 26 detects the content of the amplified reception signal Saw using the oscillation signal Sf Sr, generates a detection signal Sdd indicating the content, and outputs the detection signal Sdd to the controller 10.
- controller 10 recognizes the content of received signal Srv based on the content included in detection signal Sdd.
- the interpretation of the content of the response signal which is performed mainly by the correlator 17 after receiving the response signal from the wireless tag TGn, is also performed in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 4 (B). This is the same as the interpretation of the content of the response signal executed mainly by the correlator 17 after the response signal is received from the wireless tag TGn in the embodiment, and thus the detailed description is omitted.
- a mechanism for mutually identifying a plurality of wireless tags TGn in the wireless communication system SS according to the third embodiment is also described in the first embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 5 (A) and 5 (B).
- the details are omitted because it is the same as the mechanism for mutually identifying the plurality of wireless tags TGn, and the detailed configuration of the wireless tag TGn according to the third embodiment may be omitted. Since the detailed configuration of the wireless tag TGn according to the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the timing of the transmission of the pulse signal from the interrogator PCn is the same as the timing of the switching of the switching element according to the first embodiment and the transmission of the pulse signal from the interrogator PCn described with reference to FIG. Detailed description is omitted,
- the relationship between the transmission of the pulse signal from the wideband antenna 15 and the transmission of the power signal from the narrowband antenna 23 in the interrogator PCn according to the third embodiment is also described with reference to FIG. Since the relationship between the transmission of the pulse signal from broadband antenna 15 and the transmission of the power signal from narrowband antenna 23 in interrogator PCn according to the embodiment is the same as that of interrogator PCn, detailed description will be omitted.
- FIGS. 18 and 19 are flowcharts showing the position specifying process according to the third embodiment
- FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram showing the procedure of the position detecting process according to the third embodiment.
- the interrogators PC1 to PC4 and the wireless tags TG1 and TG2 each having the above-described configuration are provided.
- each position in the room R is specified in advance, and the position information indicating each position is input in advance in each of the interrogators PC1 to PC4. It is installed at the four corners of the room R.
- terminal indicates any interrogator PCn
- responder indicates any wireless tag TGn.
- 18 and 19 are flowcharts illustrating a case where the position detection process according to the embodiment is performed by one interrogator PCn (in the following description, an interrogator PC1 is used as an example).
- step S1 when the position detection processing according to the embodiment is executed in the interrogator PC1, first, besides the interrogator PC1, the power is turned on and the wireless communication according to the UWB method is mutually performed. It is confirmed whether there is another interrogator PCm with which communication is possible (step S1). Specifically, the process of step S1 is executed by transmitting a pulse signal indicating that distance detection is to be performed and then confirming whether or not a corresponding return pulse signal has been returned.
- Step SI; N If no pulse signal is returned (Step SI; N), it means that the position detection process according to the embodiment cannot be executed, so that another interrogator PCm capable of wireless communication is output.
- step S1 After detecting the distance from another interrogator PCm that can communicate mainly with the interrogator PC1, it is checked whether a pulse signal to detect the distance of the other interrogator PCm has been transmitted (step S2). ), If not transmitted (step S2; N), the process directly proceeds to step S5 described later, while a pulse signal for performing distance detection is transmitted from another interrogator PCm. If it has come (step S2; Y), then the other interrogator PCm confirms that interrogator PC1 is in a standby state to respond to the noise signal from the other interrogator PCm. (Step S3).
- step S4 In response to the transmission indicating that the apparatus is in a standby state, a pulse signal for distance detection is transmitted from the other interrogator PCm, and a pulse signal for distance detection for responding to the pulse signal in interrogator PC1. Is confirmed (step S4). If the response has not been completed yet (step S4; N), the operation of step S3 is repeated until the response is completed, while the transmission of the pulse signal for the response has been completed. (Step S4; Y), and then, after transmission of the pulse signal for the response, between the other interrogator PCm, which is the transmission destination, and the interrogator PC1 detected using the pulse signal for the response. It is confirmed whether or not the distance information indicating the distance has been transmitted from the other interrogator PCm as a pulse signal (step S5).
- step S5 when the detected distance information is transmitted (step S5; Y), the distance indicated by the transmitted distance information is transmitted to the controller 10 in the interrogator PC1 by the other query. Registered as the distance between the interrogator PCm or the distance between the other interrogators PCm or the distance between the wireless tag TGn detected by the other interrogator PCm and the other interrogator PCm ( Step S6), and proceed to the next step S7.
- step S5 the distance information from the other interrogator PCm is not transmitted in the determination in step S5 (step S5; N)
- step S5 the distance from all other interrogators PCm to interrogator PC1 is Since there is a possibility that the distance has already been detected (in this case, the distance is not newly detected, the distance information described above will not be transmitted)
- step S7 it is checked whether or not the detected distance is registered and whether there is any other interrogator PCm.
- step S7 If there is another interrogator PCm whose distance has not been registered (step S7; Y), the interrogator PC1 transmits a pulse signal for a distance detection request (step S8), and the transmitted pulse signal
- the other interrogator of the transmission destination (the other interrogator whose distance is not registered) responds to, and determines whether or not a pulse signal (see step S3 above) is returned from PCn indicating that it is in the standby state for distance detection. Confirm (step S9).
- step S9 a pulse signal indicating that the apparatus is in the standby state is transmitted. If not (step S9; N), the process of step S8 is repeated as it is, while if it is transmitted (step S9; Y), another pulse signal indicating that it is in the standby state is transmitted.
- a pulse signal for distance detection is transmitted to the interrogator PCm, and a corresponding return pulse signal is received to detect the distance to the other interrogator PCm (step S10). Then, the detected distance is registered as the distance between the interrogator PC1 and the other interrogator PCm in the controller 10 in the interrogator PC1 (step S11), and the distance information indicating the registered distance is registered.
- step S12 A reply is sent to the other interrogator PCm (step S12), and further transmitted to the other interrogator PCm within the communicable range to complete the distance detection with the other interrogator PCm. Then, the process returns to step S2 to detect the distance to the next interrogator PCn. In the process shown in step S12, the distance notified by the other interrogator PCm is also transmitted (transmitted). Thereafter, steps S2 to S12 are repeated until there is no interrogator PCn whose distance has not been registered (step S7; N).
- step S7 if there is no other interrogator PCm whose distance has not been registered in the determination in the above step S7 (step S7; N), then another interrogator PC whose distance has been registered up to that time m, but check if there is any interrogator PCn (indicated as ⁇ end terminal '' in Fig. 18) that could no longer function as an interrogator PCn, for example, because the power switch was turned off. (Step S13). In this confirmation processing, for example, when a pulse signal including some information is transmitted but there is no corresponding response, the interrogator PCn is recognized as an end terminal.
- step S13; N If there is no other interrogator PCm recognized as the end terminal (step S13; N), the process proceeds to step S15 described later, while the other interrogator PCm recognized as the end terminal is If there is (Step S13; Y), the interrogator PC1 deletes the distance between the interrogator PCn and the interrogator PC1 that are the end terminals of the interrogator PC1 (Step S14). In step S15, it is checked whether the number of “semi-fixed terminals” is equal to or more than the number required to detect the position of the wireless tag TGn (specifically, three).
- step S15; Y When the number of interrogators PCn is sufficient (step S15; Y), the processing shifts to the processing of step S23 and thereafter, while when the number of semi-fixed interrogators PCn is insufficient (step S15; N)
- step S16 In order to perform necessary position detection processing using a mobile terminal having a function as an interrogator, it is determined whether or not the mobile terminal is present in the room R. Check (step S16). Then, if there is no mobile terminal (step S16; N), the process returns to step S2 again and repeats the processing described above.
- step S16 If there is the mobile terminal (step S16; Y), Next, a pulse signal for a distance detection request is transmitted from the interrogator PC1 to the mobile terminal (step S17), and in response to the transmitted pulse signal, the power of the mobile terminal at the destination is detected. It is checked whether or not a pulse signal (see step S3) indicating that the apparatus is in the standby state is returned (step S18).
- step S18 if the pulse signal indicating that the standby state has not been transmitted (step S18; N), the process of step S17 is repeated as it is, while Transmits a pulse signal for distance detection to the mobile terminal that has transmitted the pulse signal indicating that it is in the standby state (step S18; Y), receives a corresponding return pulse signal, and The distance to the mobile terminal is detected (step S19). Then, the detected distance is registered as a distance between the interrogator PC1 and the mobile terminal in the controller 10 in the interrogator PC1 (step S20), and distance information indicating the registered distance is stored. Is returned to the mobile terminal and also sent to another interrogator PCm (step S21), and the distance detection with the mobile terminal is completed.
- the number of interrogators PCn including the number of mobile terminals described above is determined as to whether or not the number required to detect the position of the wireless tag TGn (specifically, three) is equal to or more than three. Confirm (Step S22). Then, when the number of the interrogators PCn and the like is sufficient (Step S22; Y), the processing shifts to the processing of Step S23 and later described later, while when the number of the interrogators PCn and the like is still insufficient (Step S22; N), returning to step S2 again and repeating the processing described above.
- each interrogator PCn transmits a pulse signal as an interrogation pulse for position detection to each wireless tag TG1 and TG2, and receives a corresponding response signal. (Step S23).
- step S24 it is determined whether or not the response signal has an intensity equal to or higher than a preset intensity (step S24), and the radio tag TGn that has returned the response signal having the intensity equal to or higher than the intensity is determined. Or, when there is no other reflected object (step S24), it is confirmed on the interrogator PC1 whether or not to end the detection of the response signal from the wireless tag TGn as the end of the position detection processing for one cycle (step S24). (S34) If the process is to be ended, the process proceeds to step S38 described later. If the detection of the response signal is not to be ended (step S34; Y), the process returns to step S24.
- step S24 determines whether there is a wireless tag TGn or another reflective object that has returned a response signal having an intensity equal to or higher than the set intensity (step S24; Y). It is determined whether it is a wireless tag TGn or a pulse signal reflected by a tag other than the wireless tag TGn (step S25). If the tag is a wireless tag TGn (step S25; Y), then It is checked whether it is any of the marker tags MTn (Step S26; Y).
- step S26; N If it is not the marker tag MTn (step S26; N), the process proceeds to step S29 described later, and the distance to the wireless tag TGn is detected (step S29). On the other hand, if the tag is a marker tag MTn (step S26; Y), it is checked whether or not the marker tag is already registered in the interrogator PC1 (step S27), and the marker tag is not a registered marker tag MTn. (Step S27; N), the process proceeds to step S29 described later, and if the marker tag is a registered marker tag MTn (step S27; Y), it is determined whether or not the registered content is changed by the response signal and a step described later. In S41, it is confirmed based on the data input in advance (step S28), and if there is no change in the registered contents (step S28; N), the process returns to step S24 and repeats the above-described processing.
- step S28 when there is a change in the registered content (step S28;
- step S29 the distance is detected for the marker tag MTn whose registered content has been changed in accordance with the principle described above (step S29).
- step S30 The detected distance is registered in the controller 10 in the interrogator PCI (step S30), and the detected distance to the interrogator PC1 is notified to the other interrogators PCm (step S31).
- step S31 the notification of the distance from the other interrogator PCm to the wireless tag TGn is received from the other interrogator PCm in the processing of step S38 described below, the information is also sent to the other interrogator PCm. Notify (transmit).
- step S32 the distance between each wireless tag TGn or marker tag MTn notified from each other interrogator PCn and the other interrogator PCm is registered in the interrogator PC1, so that each radio in the room R is registered.
- step S33 The position of the tag TGn is determined in the interrogator PC 1 (step S32), and it is further confirmed whether or not an operation to end the position detection of the wireless tag TGn is performed in the interrogator PC 1 (step S33). If the operation has been performed (step S33; Y), the position detection processing of the embodiment is completed as it is, while if the operation for terminating has not been performed (step S33; N), the step SI And the above-described processing is repeated.
- step S25 if it is determined in step S25 that the identification signal as the wireless tag TGn has not been received and the response signal has not been transmitted for the wireless tag TGn (step S25; N), Next, it is checked whether or not the content of the response signal (or the distance detected from the response signal) has changed the distance to the transmission source of the response signal detected so far (step S35). ), If it has changed, if not (step S35; N), the process proceeds to step S37 described later, while if it has changed (step S35; Y), it is determined that the transmission source is an unknown moving object. The judgment is made and the effect is notified on the interrogator PC 1 (step S36).
- step S37 the content of the response signal from another wireless tag TGn other than the one notified as the mobile body is registered in the controller 10 in the interrogator PC 1 (step S37), and the other interrogators PCm are registered. It is checked whether or not the distance to each wireless tag TGn detected in the above has been notified from the other interrogator PCm (step S38). If not notified (step S38; N), the processing in step S40 described later Then, when notified (step S38; Y), the notified distance is registered in the interrogator PC1 as the distance between another interrogator PCm and each wireless tag TGn (step S39).
- step S40 it is confirmed whether or not the registered content as the marker tag MTn has been changed based on the registered content, the input content to the interrogator PC1, or the like. If (step S40; N), the process proceeds to step S32, and if it has been changed (step S40; Y), the registered content of marker tag MTn in the interrogator PCI (position Has been changed or newly installed, etc.) (step S41), and the changed registration contents are notified to the other interrogators PCm (step S42).
- step S32 the position is determined as the position of the wireless tag TGn in the room R, and the position detection process of the embodiment ends.
- the interrogator PCn is placed between the wireless tag TGn and the distance between them (FIG. 20 (c ), "I" to "k” are detected and registered in each interrogator PCn.
- the absolute position of each wireless tag TGn in the room R can be determined.
- the marker tag MTn is not used, the positional relationship between each interrogator PCn and the wireless tag TGn is only relatively determined, and one of the two types of positional relationship symmetrical to each other is actually used. Only the positional relationship is determined.
- the distance between each interrogator PCn and each wireless tag TGn and the position of each wireless tag TGn are transmitted and received by transmitting and receiving the Norse signal and the response signal. Therefore, the distance between each wireless tag TGn and the interrogator PCn and their position can be detected without using a carrier wave, and the distance and position can be detected while reducing the size and power consumption. Become.
- each interrogator PCn identifies each wireless tag TGn while identifying each other. These positions can be specified.
- the moving object is a wireless tag TGn based on a response signal from the moving object moving in the room R, and a notification is made when the moving object is not the wireless tag TGn. Therefore, even if a wireless tag TGn or a mobile object enters the room R, it can be identified and reported to that effect.
- the distance information is transmitted to each interrogator PCn using a pulse wave, the distance information is transmitted while reducing the size and power consumption without using a carrier wave, and the position of each wireless tag TGn is determined. Can be specified.
- a pulse signal from interrogator PCn is received using broadband antenna 1, and a response signal obtained by modulating the pulse signal is returned to interrogator PCn using broadband antenna 1, It is possible to detect the distance between each wireless tag TGn and each interrogator PCn and to detect their position without using a carrier wave. This enables the distance detection and position detection while reducing the size and power consumption.
- each interrogator PCn itself is configured to detect the position of the wireless tag TGn in the room R, but in addition to this, each interrogator PCn is used as a terminal.
- the wireless tag TGn obtained from them can be transmitted to an external computer or the like, and the external computer can be configured to detect the position of the wireless tag TGn in the room R.
- a program corresponding to the flowcharts shown in Figs. 18 and 19 is recorded on an information recording medium such as a flexible disk or a hard disk, or obtained via a network such as the Internet.
- an information recording medium such as a flexible disk or a hard disk
- a network such as the Internet.
- the present invention can be used in the field of wireless tag identification and distance measurement in a wireless communication system.
- an interrogator is provided in a general personal computer,
- a remarkable effect can be obtained if the present invention is applied to the field of specifying the position of a wireless tag in a room provided with the personal computer.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05720058A EP1732239A4 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2005-03-04 | POSITION DETECTION SYSTEM, RESPONSE DEVICE AND INTERROGATION DEVICE, RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, POSITION DETECTION METHOD, POSITION DETECTION PROGRAM, AND INFORMATION RECORDING MEDIUM |
US11/532,649 US8284027B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2006-09-18 | Position detecting system, responder and interrogator, wireless communication system, position detecting method, position detecting program, and information recording medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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JP2004076548 | 2004-03-17 | ||
JP2004-076548 | 2004-03-17 | ||
JP2004-096252 | 2004-03-29 | ||
JP2004096252 | 2004-03-29 |
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US11/532,649 Continuation-In-Part US8284027B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2006-09-18 | Position detecting system, responder and interrogator, wireless communication system, position detecting method, position detecting program, and information recording medium |
Publications (1)
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WO2005088850A1 true WO2005088850A1 (ja) | 2005-09-22 |
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PCT/JP2005/003786 WO2005088850A1 (ja) | 2004-03-17 | 2005-03-04 | 位置検出システム、応答器及び質問器、無線通信システム、位置検出方法、位置検出用プログラム及び情報記録媒体 |
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EP (1) | EP1732239A4 (ja) |
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US8284027B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2012-10-09 | Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Position detecting system, responder and interrogator, wireless communication system, position detecting method, position detecting program, and information recording medium |
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EP1732239A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
EP1732239A4 (en) | 2007-12-26 |
US8284027B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 |
US20070018792A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
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