CN102628402A - Fuel cell and organic Rankine cycle combined power generating system based on LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) cold energy utilization - Google Patents
Fuel cell and organic Rankine cycle combined power generating system based on LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) cold energy utilization Download PDFInfo
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell and organic Rankine cycle combined power generating system based on LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) cold energy utilization. The fuel cell and organic Rankine cycle combined power generating system comprises a solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine combined cycle system, an organic Rankine cycle system and an LNG cold energy source, wherein un-reacted fuel in an SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) and air combust in a rear combustion chamber to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure gas which enters the gas turbine for doing work and outputting electric energy; high-temperature exhaust gas in the gas turbine sequentially preheats the air, fuel and water; the organic Rankine cycle system is used for recycling low-temperature flue gas waste heat which is left after being used for preheating the air, the fuel and the water; the low-temperature flue gas waste heat is converted into electric energy for outputting, so that the cascade utilization of energy is realized; the LNG cold energy source as a cold source of organic Rankine cycle is used for condensing exhausted gas of an organic working medium turbine, so that back pressure of the organic working medium turbine is remarkably reduced and power output of the organic Rankine cycle is increased; and meanwhile, the cold energy of the LNG is recycled. According to the fuel cell and organic Rankine cycle combined power generating system disclosed by the invention, the conversion efficiency of energy source can be remarkably improved, the discharge of pollutants is reduced and the performances of the system are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high temperature and middle low temperature heat energy and reclaim and field of dynamic engineering, relate to a kind of fuel cell and organic Rankine circulation combined generating system based on cold energy use.
Background technique
Traditional fossil fuel comprises coal, oil, rock gas etc., and its reserves are limited, and great majority are utilized with the mode of burning, thereby so not only makes the limited waste that causes the energy of efficiency of energy utilization, and produces a large amount of pollutant emissions inevitably.SOFC is the electricity generating device that a kind of chemical energy that will be present in fuel and the oxygenant efficiently, environmental friendliness changes into electric energy; Hydrogen in the fuel is converted into electric energy by means of electrolyte and airborne oxygen; Not receiving the restriction of Carnot's cycle efficiency, is a kind of new-generation mode that can solve fossil fuel generating efficiency and this contradiction of environmental pollution well.In addition, the reaction temperature of SOFC is higher, and about 1000 ℃, the waste heat grade of its discharging is higher usually, and very big recycling space is arranged.Therefore; Adopt a kind of based on LNG (liquefied natural gas; LNG Liquefied natural gas) SOFC of cold energy use and organic Rankine circulation combined generating system carry out the system intergration with fuel battery combustion turbine combined cycle, organic Rankine circulation and LNG cold energy use; Can realize the cascade utilization of the energy, improve utilization efficiency of energy.
Fig. 1 has provided the combined cycle system schematic representation of a kind of SOFC of the prior art and gas turbine.Air passes through air compressor 1 ' successively and boosts, and gas heater 4 ' heats up, and sends into the negative electrode of SOFC 8 '.Simultaneously, fuel boosts and gas heater 5 ' preheating through fuel compressor 2 '; Water pressurizes in water pump 3 ', through heater 6 ' heating, after fuel after the preheating fully mixes, sends into the anode of SOFC 8 ' in mixer 7 '.Externally output DC takes place after the electrochemical reaction in fuel and oxygen in SOFC 8 ', through inverter 12 ', convert Ac output into.On the other hand; Oxygen that the unreacted of fuel cell 8 ' discharging is intact and anode end reaction inflammable gas are completely together sent in the firing chamber 9 ' and are burnt; Produce high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, combustion gas gets into acting in the gas turbine 10 ' again, drives generator 11 ' generating.At last, the high-temperature exhaust air of gas turbine 10 ' is admitted to heater 4 ', heater 5 ', heater 6 ' successively, accomplishes the preheating to air, fuel and water respectively, discharges system at last.
Said system is generated electricity the high-temperature exhaust air of SOFC through gas turbine, utilize the exhaust of gas turbine that fuel, empty G&W are carried out preheating simultaneously, has reclaimed the heat energy of high-temperature exhaust air, has improved the efficient of system.But because the delivery temperature of gas turbine is very high, even still have very big middle-low temperature heat to utilize the space through after the heat exchanger.
Middle low temperature heat resource power generation can adopt the organic Rankine circulating technology.Lower boiling organic working medium is adopted in the organic Rankine circulation, like R123, and R113, R245fa, isopentane etc.Organic working medium is at exhaust heat boiler 1 " in be saturated or superheated vapor by the heat of middle-low temperature heat; get into organic working medium turbine 2 " acting; Drive generator 3 " the output generated energy, turbine 2 " exhaust get into condenser 4 " in be cooled to liquid state, via suction booster 5 " get into exhaust heat boiler again after boosting; Form a complete circulation, system is as shown in Figure 2.
Summary of the invention
Defective or deficiency to above-mentioned existing technology exists the objective of the invention is to, and a kind of fuel cell and organic Rankine circulation combined generating system based on the LNG cold energy use is provided; Utilize the low temperature exhaust heat heat of gas turbine, utilize the cold energy of LNG Liquefied natural gas simultaneously, increased the generated energy of system greatly; Realized the cascade utilization of energy; Improve energy utilization rate, reduced air environmental pollution, met the demand of national energy-saving and emission-reduction.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technological scheme:
A kind of fuel cell and organic Rankine circulation combined generating system based on the LNG cold energy use comprise:
The combined cycle system of SOFC and gas turbine; Wherein, air gets into inter cooler and cools after the main air compressor boosts; Get into the secondary air gas compressor then, then after the primary heater preheating, get into the cathode electrode plate of SOFC; Fuel passes through gas compressor and secondary heater successively after inter cooler heats up; Water after water pump pressurization, through the 3rd heater heats, afterwards with preheating after fuel in mixer, fully mixes, last is with anode electrode plate of entering SOFC; The intact oxygen of the unreacted of cathode of solid oxide fuel cell discharging and anode end reaction inflammable gas completely together get into the afterburner that is attached thereto and carry out perfect combustion, the generation high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas; Gas turbine is connected with afterburner, and the high-temperature exhaust air of gas turbine is admitted to primary heater, secondary heater, the 3rd heater, preheated air, fuel and water successively successively;
Organic rankine cycle system; Comprise the exhaust heat boiler, organic working medium turbine, condenser, the suction booster that connect successively; Wherein, One end of said suction booster links to each other with condenser, and the other end links to each other with exhaust heat boiler, the middle cryogenic gas that the waste heat of said exhaust heat boiler is discharged after from the high-temperature exhaust air of gas turbine preheated air, fuel and water successively;
LNG cold energy source, it is stored in the LNG storage tank, links to each other with the condenser of organic rankine cycle system; Exhaust in order to condensation organic working medium turbine; Discharge cold energy through the freezer heat exchanger then, last, a part gets into inter cooler; The fueling battery that acts as a fuel, unnecessary part is supplied with gas ductwork.
Preferably, afterburner produces in the high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas entering gas turbine and does work, and drives first generator for electricity generation that is connected with gas turbine.
Preferably; The middle cryogenic gas that the high-temperature exhaust air of gas turbine is discharged behind preheated air, fuel and the water successively gets into exhaust heat boiler; Give organic working medium with energy transfer; Make organic working medium reach capacity state or superheat state, working medium gets in the organic working medium turbine and does work afterwards, drives and coaxial second generator for electricity generation that is connected of organic working medium turbine.
Preferably, externally output DC takes place after the electrochemical reaction in fuel and oxygen in SOFC, convert Ac into through the inverter that is connected with SOFC and export.
Preferably, organic rankine cycle system can run under the subcritical behavior, adopts R123, R245fa, R600, R134a, isopentane, pentane, R113, R11, R152a, R236fa, R236ea or the R141b refrigeration agent working medium as system's operation.
Preferably, organic rankine cycle system can run under the supercritical behavior, adopts carbon dioxide, R125 or the R227ea working medium as system's operation.
Compared with prior art, the fuel cell and the organic Rankine circulation combined generating system that the present invention is based on cold energy use have the following advantages at least:
1) significantly improves energy transformation efficiency, reduced pollutant emission.The high-temperature exhaust air of SOFC and gas turbine is through after pre-heating fuel, the empty G&W; Still have very high temperature grade; Belong to middle-low temperature heat, adopt the organic Rankine circulation that these middle-low temperature heats are recycled, convert electric energy output into; Can improve energy conversion efficiency greatly, reduce the discharging of pollutant in environment.Organic Rankine circuit working medium is selected lower boiling organic working medium, and more conventional Rankine cycle has that physical dimension is little, efficient is high, circulating pressure is high, can not get into advantages such as two-phase section in turbine expansion process working medium, is suitable for the middle-low temperature heat utilization.
2) improvement of the utilization of LNG cold energy and whole combined generating system performance.LNG at first is used as the exhaust of the low-temperature receiver condensation organic working medium turbine of power cycle, and the back pressure of organic working medium turbine is significantly reduced, and increases the output of organic Rankine circuit power.The LNG that comes out through condenser still has a large amount of cold energy, behind freezer heat exchanger release cold energy, gets into the inter cooler of air compressor, cools off the exhaust of main air compressor, thereby reduces the wasted work of air compressor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the combined cycle system of traditional SOFC and gas turbine;
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of traditional organic rankine cycle system;
Fig. 3 the present invention is based on the fuel cell of cold energy use and the structured flowchart of organic Rankine circulation combined generating system.
Wherein, the corresponding relation of label and element is among the figure:
| 1 | The |
2 | Inter |
3 | |
| 4 | |
5 | Water pump | 6 | |
| 7 | |
8 | The |
9 | |
| 10 | SOFC | 11 | The |
12 | |
| 13 | First generator | 14 | |
15 | |
| 16 | The organic working |
17 | |
18 | |
| 19 | |
20 | The freezer heat exchanger | 1’ | Air compressor |
| 2’ | Fuel compressor | 3’ | Water pump | 4’ | Primary heater |
| 5’ | Secondary heater | 6’ | The 3rd heater | 7’ | Mixer |
| 8’ | SOFC | 9’ | The firing chamber | 10’ | Gas turbine |
| 11’ | Generator | 12’ | Inverter | 1” | |
| 2” | The organic working |
3” | |
4” | |
| 5” | |
21 | Gas ductwork | 22 | The LNG storage tank |
Embodiment
A kind of embodiment to system of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
The present invention relates to a kind of SOFC and organic Rankine circulation combined generating system based on the LNG cold energy use; Adopt the fuel of hydrogen-rich fuel rock gas as SOFC; Organic working medium can be exported electric energy to the external world as the working medium of Rankine cycle power generation system.The present invention is made up of SOFC, afterburner, gas turbine, heat exchanger, turbine, condenser, suction booster pump, compressor etc.Intact inflammable gas and the air of unreacted burns away in afterburner in the SOFC; Produce the combustion gas of HTHP; Get into gas turbine acting output electric energy, the high-temperature exhaust air of gas turbine is preheated air, fuel and water successively, realizes the waste heat gas utilization; Fuel gas exhaust still has higher temperature grade after preheating, belongs to middle-low temperature heat, adopts the organic Rankine circulation that these middle-low temperature heats are recycled, and converts electric energy output into, realizes the cascade utilization of energy; LNG is used as the exhaust of organic Rankine circuit low-temperature receiver condensation organic working medium turbine, and the back pressure of organic working medium turbine is significantly reduced, and increases the output of organic Rankine circuit power, has utilized the cold energy of LNG simultaneously.The LNG that comes out through condenser still has a large amount of cold energy; Behind freezer heat exchanger release cold energy, a part gets into the inter cooler of air compressor, the exhaust of cooling main air compressor; Thereby reduce the wasted work of air compressor, unnecessary part is supplied with gas ductwork.The system of being invented can significantly improve energy transformation efficiency, has reduced pollutant emission, improves the performance of system.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention is a kind of based on the SOFC of LNG cold energy use and the structured flowchart of organic Rankine circulation combined generating system, and this system comprises main air compressor 1, inter cooler 2, double stage compressor 3, fuel compressor 4, water pump 5, primary heater 6, secondary heater 7, the 3rd heater 8, mixer 9, SOFC 10, afterburner 11, gas turbine 12, generator I 13, inverter 14, exhaust heat boiler 15, organic working medium turbine 16, generator II 17, condenser 18, suction booster 19, freezer heat exchanger 20, gas ductwork 21 and LNG storage tank 22.
Embodiment is: after air boosts through main air compressor 1; Cool through inter cooler 2 again; Get into double stage compressor 3, pass through heater I 6 then, send into the cathode electrode plate of SOFC 10 by the high-temperature exhaust air preheating of combustion gas turbine; Fuel (rock gas) from after inter cooler 2 intensifications passes through fuel compressor 4 respectively, secondary heater 7 heating; After water pressurizes in water pump 5,, in mixer 9, fully mix, together send into the anode electrode of SOFC 10 with fuel after the preheating through the heating of the 3rd heater 8.Externally output DC takes place after the electrochemical reaction in fuel and oxygen in SOFC 10, convert Ac output into through inverter 14.Afterwards, the afterburner 11 that the inflammable gas entering completely of the unreacted oxygen of cathode exhaust and anode end reaction is attached thereto carries out perfect combustion, produces high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, and gas turbine 12 is connected with afterburner 11.High-temperature high-pressure fuel gas gets into acting in the gas turbine 12, drives 13 generatings of connected first generator.The high-temperature exhaust air of gas turbine 12 is admitted to primary heater 6, secondary heater 7, the 3rd heater 8 successively; Preheated air, fuel and water successively, the middle cryogenic gas of discharging at last gets into exhaust heat boiler 15, gives organic working medium with energy transfer; Make organic working medium reach capacity state or superheat state; Working medium gets into acting in the organic working medium turbine 16 afterwards, drives and its coaxial second generator, 17 generatings that are connected, and the exhaust of organic working medium turbine 16 is condensed into liquid state by LNG in condenser 18; Through after suction booster 19 pressurizations, send in the exhaust heat boiler 15 and heated then by the exhaust of gas turbine.LNG Liquefied natural gas (LNG) gets into the exhaust of condensation organic working medium turbine 16 in the condenser 18 from LNG storage tank 22 as low-temperature receiver; Get into then in the freezer heat exchanger 20; Discharge cold energy; A part gets into the inter cooler 2 of air compressor afterwards, and the exhaust of cooling main air compressor 1 is delivered to fuel compressor 4 as the fuel of SOFC 10 then; The redundance rock gas of from freezer heat exchanger 20, discharging feeds gas ductwork.
System of the present invention both can improve energy conversion efficiency, realized cascaded utilization of energy, and a large amount of cold energy that can utilize LNG to be rich in are again realized cascaded utilization of energy.
The above is merely one embodiment of the present invention; It or not whole or unique mode of execution; The conversion of any equivalence that those of ordinary skills take technological scheme of the present invention through reading specification of the present invention is claim of the present invention and contains.
Claims (6)
1. fuel cell and organic Rankine circulation combined generating system based on a LNG cold energy use is characterized in that: the combined cycle system, organic rankine cycle system and the LNG cold energy source that comprise SOFC and gas turbine;
The combined cycle system of SOFC and gas turbine; Wherein, Air is after main air compressor (1) boosts; Get into inter cooler (2) and cool, get into secondary air gas compressor (3) then, then after primary heater (6) preheating, get into the cathode electrode plate of SOFC (10); Fuel passes through gas compressor (4) and secondary heater (7) successively after inter cooler (2) heats up; Water after the 3rd heater (8) heating, fully mixes in mixer (9) with fuel after the preheating after water pump (5) pressurization, and last is with anode electrode plate of entering SOFC (10); The unreacted oxygen of SOFC (10) cathode exhaust and anode end reaction inflammable gas completely together get into the afterburner (11) that is attached thereto and carry out perfect combustion; Produce high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, gas turbine (12) is connected with afterburner (11); The high-temperature exhaust air of gas turbine (12) is admitted to primary heater (6), secondary heater (7), the 3rd heater (8), preheated air, fuel and water successively successively;
Organic rankine cycle system; Comprise the exhaust heat boiler (15), organic working medium turbine (16), condenser (18), the suction booster (19) that connect successively; Wherein, One end of said suction booster (19) links to each other with condenser (18), and the other end links to each other with exhaust heat boiler (15), the middle cryogenic gas that the waste heat of said exhaust heat boiler (15) is discharged after from the high-temperature exhaust air of gas turbine (12) preheated air, fuel and water successively;
LNG cold energy source; It is stored in the LNG storage tank (22), links to each other with the condenser (18) of organic rankine cycle system, is used for the exhaust of condensation organic working medium turbine (16); Discharge cold energy through freezer heat exchanger (20) then; At last, a part gets into inter cooler (2) the fueling battery that acts as a fuel, and redundance is supplied with gas ductwork (21).
2. fuel cell and organic Rankine circulation combined generating system based on the LNG cold energy use according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: afterburner (11) produces high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas and gets into acting in the gas turbine (12), drives first generator (13) generating that is connected with gas turbine (12).
3. fuel cell and organic Rankine circulation combined generating system based on the LNG cold energy use according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the middle cryogenic gas that the high-temperature exhaust air of gas turbine (12) is discharged behind preheated air, fuel and the water successively gets into exhaust heat boiler (15); Give organic working medium with energy transfer; Make organic working medium reach capacity state or superheat state; Get into acting in the organic working medium turbine (16) afterwards, drive and coaxial second generator (7) generating that is connected of organic working medium turbine (16).
4. fuel cell and organic Rankine circulation combined generating system based on the LNG cold energy use according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: externally output DC takes place behind the chemical reaction in fuel and oxygen in SOFC (10), convert Ac into through the inverter (14) that is connected with SOFC (10) and export.
5. fuel cell and organic Rankine circulation combined generating system based on the LNG cold energy use according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: organic rankine cycle system can run under the subcritical behavior, adopts R123, R245fa, R600, R134a, isopentane, pentane, R113, R11, R152a, R236fa, R236ea or the R141b refrigeration agent working medium as system's operation.
6. fuel cell and organic Rankine circulation combined generating system based on the LNG cold energy use according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: organic rankine cycle system can run under the supercritical behavior, adopts carbon dioxide, R125 or the R227ea working medium as system's operation.
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