CN101498229A - Zero discharge natural gas power generation and liquefaction apparatus - Google Patents
Zero discharge natural gas power generation and liquefaction apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101498229A CN101498229A CNA2008100049455A CN200810004945A CN101498229A CN 101498229 A CN101498229 A CN 101498229A CN A2008100049455 A CNA2008100049455 A CN A2008100049455A CN 200810004945 A CN200810004945 A CN 200810004945A CN 101498229 A CN101498229 A CN 101498229A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
A zero-emission power generation device receives high-temperature and high-pressure natural gas from a well, the natural gas is expanded by one or multiple turbo-expanders and then optimized and converted and also delivered to a fuel battery to generate electricity, heat, carbon dioxide and water. Furthermore, the carbon dioxide is compressed by at least one compressor and also delivered into a well by a pump to be isolated; the turbo-expanders is provided with a shaft of the preferable and shared compressor, so the compressor is operated by utilizing the energy released by the natural gas inside the turbo-expanders, and the compressor is used for compressing the isolated carbon dioxide in the well. In one embodiment, the natural gas is used for a heat exchanger to generate liquid natural gas flows, the rest of the natural gas is expanded by the turbo-expanders and is treated in a converter before being delivered to the fuel battery, and a transverter can be used between the converter and the fuel battery. Besides, the solid oxide fuel battery is preferable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to the natural gas power device.More specifically, the present invention relates to electricity generating device, described electricity generating device utilization is generated electricity under the situation of the atmospheric emission that does not have greenhouse gases from the rock gas of gas field recovery and owing to the carbon dioxide sequestration by-product.Electricity generating device of the present invention can provide pure liquid natural gas (LNG) and/or the hydrogen output as needs.
Background technique
Global warming and be the research and the field of enlivening of discussing to terrestrial climate, sea level and human life style's potential impact.Although the reason to global warming has some contentions, there are indubitable data, promptly comprise carbon dioxide (CO
2) the atmospheric level of greenhouse gases rise rapidly.Carbon dioxide level in earth atmosphere is in historical high level.Other greenhouse gases are little although the potential that the greenhouse of carbon dioxide warms is than some, owing to be discharged into the absolute mass of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, in any greenhouse gases in atmosphere, carbon dioxide has the highest influence at present.
Because combustion of fossil fuels is discharged in the earth atmosphere above the carbon dioxide of 24,000,000,000 tonnes (tons) altogether in calendar year 2001 according to estimates.Some foretell: before 2025, total discharging of carbon dioxide may reach 35,000,000,000 tons.Obviously need research, design and realize minimizing greenhouse gas emission technical solution, to improve (to improved) energy solution.Also be apparent that the extensive replacement that fossil fuel in very short period, can not occur or substitute.Yet, be released to the great amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere if can collect and store (or isolated), can limit the potential impact of carbon dioxide to global warming.Isolation processing also may provide the extra time of research and design alternative energy source solution for society.
Geo-logical terrain such as saliferous aquifer, discarded oil field and gas field and coal bed methane reservoir are the main candidate ground (candidates) of the longer-term storage of carbon dioxide.Making great efforts to confirm to be used for the geology place that is fit to of carbon dioxide sequestration, this place near the industrial region that great amount of carbon dioxide is discharged into the atmosphere (for example, Meng Ting Neil factory (MountaineerPlant) in river valley, Ohio, West Virginia, the southern Li Baite oil field (South Liberty Oil field) of close Houston, Texas etc.).Isolating the place carries cost to suit near big carbon dioxide source for the height of avoiding crossing big distance pumping carbon dioxide.The present invention considers near the electricity generating device carbon dioxide sequestration, and is minimum will carry cost to reduce to.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide in the gas field or the natural gas power device in close gas field, this natural gas power device generates electricity under the situation of the atmospheric emission that does not have greenhouse gases.
Another object of the present invention provides in the gas field or the natural gas power device in close gas field, and this natural gas power device generates electricity and carbon dioxide by-product is isolated in the gas field.
Another purpose of the present invention provides in the gas field or the natural gas power device in close gas field, and this natural gas power device produces pure basically LNG as product.
A further object of the present invention provides in the gas field or the natural gas power device in close gas field, and this natural gas power device produces potable water as by-product.
Another object of the present invention provides can handle the natural gas power device with low paramount carbon dioxide content under the situation of emission greenhouse gas not.
Another object of the present invention provides and can produce the natural gas power device of hydrogen as by-product.
According to these purposes that will discuss in detail below, according to an embodiment, the natural gas power device is positioned at gas field or close gas field.Obtain rock gas in the well of natural gas power device from the gas field, and utilize rock gas, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and air to produce electric power, heat and by-product, as water and carbon dioxide.The carbon dioxide by-product of SOFC be compressed and driftway under, and enter the stratum that is used for isolating.
According to another embodiment, the rock gas that receives in the well from the gas field is in high pressure and high temperature, and expands by one or more turbo-expanders.Turbo-expander has that the axle that is mechanically connected to one or more compressors is gone up or the more preferably axle of shared this axle.Therefore, utilize the energy that discharges in turbo-expander by rock gas to make compressor operating, this compressor compresses is used for the carbon dioxide that the down-hole isolates.
According to another embodiment, the rock gas that receives in the well from the gas field is in high pressure and high temperature, and passes through one or more heat exchangers with abundant reduction temperature, and making can be from the stream of a part of rock gas acquisition liquid natural gas (LNG).Except that LNG stream, also that some rock gases are warm again in heat exchanger, one or two utilizes in described other two embodiments then.Therefore, the non-LNG stream of rock gas finally can be transported in the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), and be used to produce electric power, heat and by-product such as water and carbon dioxide.With the carbon dioxide by-product compression of SOFC, and import the down-hole, and enter the stratum that is used for isolating.Alternatively, perhaps use with SOFC, non--LNG stream can be expanded by one or more turbo-expanders as described above, described turbo-expander has the axle of shared one or more compressors or is mechanically connected to axle on the axle of one or more compressors.Therefore, utilize the energy that discharges in turbo-expander by rock gas to make compressor operating, the carbon dioxide of this compressor compresses power generating equipment is used for the down-hole and isolates.
For those skilled in the art, by the detailed description that the accompanying drawing that provides with reference to combination is understood, other purpose of the present invention and advantage will become obvious.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 1 a is to use the cross section of the prior art decompressor/compressor turbine of single shaft.
Fig. 2 is the schematic representation of second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic representation of the 3rd embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic representation of the 4th embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Forward Fig. 1 to, referring to first embodiment of the present invention.Stratum 10 with rock gas (or methane-this term uses convertibly at this) is shown as has one or more well or wells 20 that are used to produce rock gas.Usually produce rock gas at hundreds of psig (pound/square inch gauge) to the pressure range that surpasses between 10,000 psig according to the technology of knowing, described pressure depends primarily on the therefrom degree of depth on the stratum of process gas.Typically, also with respect to the temperature of laminar surface temperature rising gas peripherally.According to first embodiment, by pipeline 25 will be transported to pipe at the rock gas that well 20 is produced be positioned at stratum 10 or near electricity generating device 30.Electricity generating device 30 comprises the following units: one or more turbo-expanders 32; Optional heat exchanger 34, converter 36, second heat exchanger 38, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) 40, separator 42 and the compressor of choosing wantonly 44.
As seen in fig. 1, electricity generating device 30 receives rock gases, and makes it pass through one or more turbo-expanders 32 (having shown), reduces its temperature and pressure in the expansion of this rock gas, and reclaims merit (as mentioned below) with useful form of power.The effluent of turbo-expander is fed in the optional heat exchanger 34, and described heat exchanger 34 (after starting) is with preheating before the reaction of rock gas in converter 136.The rock gas of preheating in converter 36 with water reaction with according to reaction
Generate hydrogen (H
2) and carbon monoxide (CO), described water is to produce at circuit another part as described below, and be optional (after starting) by second heat exchanger, 38 preheatings of temperature between 700 ℃ and 1100 ℃ (definitely under the pound/square inch, being typically 900 ℃) at 20psia-.This reaction is absorbed heat, and promptly it needs heat, and this heat is as described belowly to provide by SOFC40.Before in supplying to SOFC 40, make CO and H
2Mixture (with any residual methane and water) is in 38 coolings of second heat exchanger.
SOFC 40 be play basically by Siemens (Siemens, AG) or the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell of the effect of the SOFC that sells of Ah Ku of Massachusetts Westwood door Trix (Acumentrics of Westwood).Particularly, air-flow (is mainly CO and H
2Mixture and residual methane and water) be fed among the SOFC with the air stream that contains oxygen.The reaction that takes place in SOFC comprises: (1)
(2)
(3)
The 3rd reaction is heat release, and the Gibbs free of this reaction is what highly to bear, makes that this reaction will continue to finish under suitable condition.SOFC at high temperature works.This allows to be converted into expeditiously electric power, the inner conversion and high-quality byproduct heat, and described heat can be used to supply with heat after the required starting of converter 36 by heat exchanger 34 and 38.
The output of SOFC not only has electric power and heat, and the air that water (steam), carbon dioxide is arranged and have less oxygen.Air is released in the ambient air, and the air that can enter with heating by optional heat exchanger 41.By the separator 42 that can realize with the form of cyclone separator or film with water and carbon dioxide separation.Some water (steam) are carried with pipe get back in the converter 36 with in this utilization.All the other are the high-purity waters that can bottle, store or utilize in addition (for example, being used for agricultural).To be sent in one or more compressors 44 (having shown) by the carbon dioxide that separator 42 separates, described compressor 44 is with CO
2Pressure be increased to permission and carbon dioxide be pumped into downwards in well 20 and the stratum 10 with the level in this isolation by pipeline or pipe-line system 45.As skilled in the art to understand, carbon dioxide is pumped into wherein and the well of isolating can be or can not be the identical well of therefrom producing methane.When using identical well, this well is typically dual completion.
According to an aspect of the present invention, one or more compressors 44 of system are provided with power by the turbo-expander 32 of system.More particularly, and as seen in Fig. 1 a, the turbo-expander/compressor 48 that plays a part to be reached by the gram Marcelo Rios turbine that (Cryostar) (California) produces basically comprises: compressor 44 and decompressor 32 with total axle 49.Therefore, all functions that will reclaim by turbo-expander 32 are in compressed side, with Driven Compressor 44.To be directly delivered to the carbon dioxide that is used to isolate with compression on the compressor by the merit that the expansion from the high pressure methane on stratum produces by turbo-expander, significantly improve the efficient of system.Other if desired compression arbon dioxide then can utilize some electric power that produce by SOFC to make other compressor operating.
According to another aspect of the present invention, can divide away from stream at some hydrogen that converter generates, and be stored in the suitable memory device to utilize when needed or shipment, replacement supplies to whole outputs of converter 36 among the SOFC 40.
The electricity generating device 30 that it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that Fig. 1 can handle carbon dioxide content be do not have, low or high natural gas flow.Particularly, carbon dioxide will will be supplied among the SOFC with the air-flow that provides by converter with methane stream by any decompressor, heat exchanger and converter, and will separate with the separated device of carbon dioxide that generates by SOFC.
Forward Fig. 2 now to, referring to second embodiment of the present invention.Second embodiment and first embodiment are similar, and identical part is to represent with the same tag that increases " 100 ".Therefore, the stratum 110 with rock gas (methane) is shown as and has one or more wells or the well 120 that is used to produce rock gas.Usually produce rock gas at hundreds of psig to the pressure range that surpasses between 10,000 psig according to the technology of knowing, described pressure depends primarily on the therefrom degree of depth on the stratum of process gas.Typically, also with respect to the temperature of laminar surface temperature rising gas peripherally.According to second embodiment, by pipeline 125 will be transported to pipe at the rock gas that well 120 is produced be positioned at stratum 110 or near electricity generating device 130.Electricity generating device 130 comprises the following units: one or more turbo-expanders 132; Optional heat exchanger 134, converter 136, second heat exchanger 138, transducer (shifter) 139, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) 140, separator 142 and the compressor of choosing wantonly 144.
As seen in fig. 2, electricity generating device 130 receives rock gases, and makes it pass through one or more turbo-expanders 132 (having shown), reduces its temperature and pressure in the expansion of this rock gas, and reclaims merit (as mentioned below) with useful form of power.The effluent of turbo-expander is fed in the optional heat exchanger 134, and described heat exchanger 134 (after starting) is with preheating before the reaction of rock gas in converter 136.The rock gas of preheating in converter 136 with water reaction with according to reaction
Generate hydrogen (H
2) and carbon monoxide (CO), described water is to produce at circuit another part as described below, and is optional by second heat exchanger 138 preheatings of temperature between 700 ℃ and 1100 ℃.This reaction is absorbed heat, and promptly it needs heat, and this heat is as described belowly to provide by SOFC 140.Supplying to transducer 139 as, making CO and H with before Osaka gas model FPS 1000 (Osaka Gas Model FPS 1000) is similarly in the transducer
2Mixture (with any residual methane and water) is in 138 coolings of second heat exchanger.In transducer, from the output of converter and water (also from the output of SFC140 as described below, obtaining) reaction with according to reaction
Generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen.Then carbon dioxide and hydrogen (with any residual methane, water and carbon monoxide) are fed in the separator 142.
The separator 142 of the embodiment of Fig. 2 can be to play a part film that bigger carbon dioxide molecule is separated with littler hydrogen molecule.Alternatively, can use the separator of other type, for example the separator that adsorbs based on transformation.Carbon dioxide is fed in one or more compressors 144 (having shown), and described compressor 144 is with CO
2Pressure be increased to permission and carbon dioxide be pumped into downwards in well 120 (can or can not be the identical well of therefrom producing methane) and the stratum 110 with the level in this isolation by pipeline or pipe-line system 145.With hydrogen supply in SOFC.
SOFC 140 be play basically by Siemens (Siemens, AG) or the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell of the effect of the SOFC that sells of Ah Ku of Massachusetts Westwood door Trix (Acumentrics of Westwood).Particularly, the H of self-separation device 142 in the future
2Air-flow is fed among 140 SOFC with the air stream that contains oxygen.The key reaction that takes place in SOFC is exothermic reaction
The Gibbs free of this reaction is highly negative, makes this reaction to continue to the right under the condition that is fit to, and will discharge the energy of significant quantity.SOFC at high temperature works.This allows to be converted into expeditiously electric power, the inner conversion and high-quality byproduct heat, and described heat can be used to supply with heat after the required starting of converter 136 by heat exchanger 134 and 138.
The output of SOFC not only has electric power and heat, and the air that water (steam) is arranged and have less oxygen.Air is released in the ambient air, before this its air that can enter with heating by optional heat exchanger 141.Some water (steam) are carried with pipe get back in converter 136 and the transducer 139 (by heat exchanger 138) with in this utilization.All the other are the high-purity waters that can bottle, store or utilize in addition (for example, being used for agricultural).
According to an aspect of the present invention, one or more compressors 144 of system by as the turbo-expander 132 of the top system of being discussed with reference to figure 1 be provided with power, and in preferred embodiments, be positioned to and comprise total axle.Therefore, all functions that will reclaim by turbo-expander 132 are in compressed side, with Driven Compressor 144.To be directly delivered to the carbon dioxide that is used to isolate with compression on the compressor by the merit that the expansion from the high pressure methane on stratum produces by turbo-expander, significantly improve the efficient of system.Other if desired compression arbon dioxide then can utilize some electric power that produce by SOFC to make other compressor operating.
According to another aspect of the present invention, some hydrogen in converter and/or transducer 139 generations can be divided away from stream, and be stored in the suitable memory device to utilize when needed or shipment, replace whole outputs with converter 136 to supply in the transducer 139 and/or replace whole outputs of transducer 139 are supplied among the SOFC 140.
The electricity generating device 130 that it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that Fig. 2 can handle carbon dioxide content be do not have, low or high natural gas flow.Particularly, carbon dioxide will be with methane stream by any decompressor, heat exchanger and converter, to be supplied in the transducer with the air-flow that provides by converter, and will separate with the separated device 142 of carbon dioxide that generates by transducer.
Forward Fig. 3 now to, referring to the 3rd embodiment of the present invention.The 3rd embodiment has some and the common unit of first embodiment (with second embodiment), and with respect to first embodiment, identical unit is to represent with the same tag that increases " 200 ".Therefore, the one or more wells or the well (not showing) that are used to produce rock gas of the stratum (not show) with rock gas (methane) passes.Usually produce rock gas at hundreds of psig to the pressure range that surpasses between 10,000 psig according to the technology of knowing, described pressure depends primarily on the therefrom degree of depth on the stratum of process gas.Typically, also with respect to the temperature of laminar surface temperature rising gas peripherally.According to the 3rd embodiment, the methane of artesian well is transported to pipe by first pipeline or pipe (not shown) and is positioned at stratum or near electricity generating device 230 in the future.Electricity generating device 230 comprises the following units: level Four heat exchanger 211 (having unit 211a, 211b, 211c, 211d); Shunt 213; Valve decompressor 215; Gas/liquid separation 217; Mixer 219; One or more turbo- expander 232a, 232b; Heat exchanger 234; Converter 236; Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) 240; Air/air heat exchanger 241; One or more water- separator 242a, 242b, 242c; And one or more compressor 244a, 244b, 244c.
More specifically, will deliver to level Four heat exchanger 211, and be reduced to subsequently expansion in the temperature of this rock gas and will cause the point that liquefies from the rock gas that one or more wells are fed to the electricity generating device 230.Separate by the rock gas of shunt 213, make about gas of 10% to 40% be sent to valve decompressor 215, and remaining gas is sent back to the fourth stage 211d of heat exchanger 211 cooling.The pressure of delivering to the gas of valve decompressor 215 is reduced by the valve decompressor, thereby cause a large amount of gas liquefactions.Then this stream is fed in the separator 217 that liquid LNG is separated with natural gas vapor.About 20-30% of all methane that provide by well 220 typically is provided liquid LNG, and road as known in the art, is stored in the suitable memory device to be shipped to the place of needs.
The methane gas that is sent back to the fourth stage 211d of heat exchanger is heated, and to be fed to pressure ratio be 1.1 to 10.0 that preferable range is among 3.0 to 8.0 the turbo-expander 232a in three grades of 211d, 211c of heat exchanger and 211b.As the result of this expansion, the useful work that from turbine, reclaims as described below.Effluent (outlet) temperature from turbo-expander 232a is the function that enters temperature, pressure ratio and turbine efficiency, to supply to the third level 211c of level Four heat exchanger from the effluent of turbo-expander then, in this will flow the several years that preferably reheat to environment, be fed to then among the second turbo-expander 232b, the described second turbo-expander 232b is substantially the same with turbo-expander 232a aspect its pressure ratio.Second turbo-expander equally preferably provides the useful work of utilization as described below.To be fed to from the effluent of turbo-expander 232b in the mixer 219, will mix with rock gas from the rock gas of vapour separator 217 from turbo-expander 232b at this.All level Four that the stream that carry to mix then passes heat exchanger 211 arrive another heat exchanger 234 then with preheating before it being fed in the converter 236.
The rock gas of preheating in converter 236 with water (it is to produce at circuit another part as described below) reaction, with according to reaction
Generate hydrogen (H
2) and carbon monoxide (CO), and described water is preheated to the temperature between 700 ℃ and 1100 ℃ by heat-heat exchanger 234 (or independent heat exchanger-do not have to show).
In converter 236 after the reaction, carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be fed to fuel cell 240 or can be with it to deliver to transducer (not showing) with mode identical shown in Fig. 2 in mode identical to those shown in Fig. 1.For the sake of simplicity, the configuration of Fig. 3 shows similarly with Fig. 1, does not wherein show transducer, and carbon dioxide separation occurs in after the reaction in the fuel cell, and will describe the embodiment of Fig. 3 with reference to the configuration of this type hereinafter.Yet be to be understood that: the system that the present invention includes Fig. 3 wherein uses the embodiment that is shown in the configuration among Fig. 2, and wherein the output with converter is fed in the transducer, and carries out carbon dioxide separation before reaching SOFC 240 flowing to.
SOFC 240 be play basically by Siemens (Siemens, AG) or the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell of the effect of the SOFC that sells of Ah Ku of Massachusetts Westwood door Trix (Acumentrics of Westwood).Particularly, air-flow and the air stream that contains oxygen are fed among the SOFC.The reaction that takes place in SOFC comprises: (1)
(2)
(3)
The 3rd reaction is heat release, and the Gibbs free of this reaction is what highly to bear, makes that this reaction will continue to finish under suitable condition.In the SOFC by the battery efficiency indication, the free energy that is responded is converted into electric work.SOFC at high temperature works.This allows to be converted into expeditiously electric power, the inner conversion and high-quality byproduct heat, and described heat can be used to supply with the required heat of converter 236, for example by the heating methane stream with by providing high-temperature water (steam) stream required heat.
The output of SOFC not only has electric power and heat, and the air that water (steam), carbon dioxide is arranged and have less oxygen.Air is released in the ambient air, and the air that can enter with heating by optional heat exchanger 241.Then water (steam) and carbon dioxide are delivered in a succession of water-separator and the compressor.As shown in Figure 3, at first divide dried up and CO by the first water-separator 242a that can realize as required
2Stream.Some water are carried with pipe get back in the converter 236 (by heat exchanger 234) with in this utilization.All the other are the high-purity waters that can bottle, store or utilize in addition (for example, being used for agricultural).To deliver among the first compressor 244a by the carbon dioxide that separator 242a separates.Then the output of the first compressor 244a is delivered among the second water-separator 242b, the described second water-separator 242b generates the water output stream and the carbon dioxide stream of purifying more.Carbon dioxide stream by second compressor 244b compression, is sent among the 3rd water-separator 242c then, and described the 3rd water-separator 242c generates water output stream and even the carbon dioxide stream of purifying more.This stream is delivered among the 3rd compressor 244c, and described the 3rd compressor 244c is with CO
2Pressure be increased to permission carbon dioxide be pumped into downwards in well and the stratum with the level in this isolation.The stream of compression can be delivered among the last water-separator 242d then, afterwards in Different Strata from the well (being dual completion) that therefrom obtains methane to the down-hole that deliver to or deliver in the different wells.
According to an aspect of the present invention, one or more compressor 244a of system and 244b are provided with power by the turbo-expander 232a and the 232b of system.More particularly, the shared total axle of turbo-expander 232a and compressor 244a, and turbo-expander 232b and the shared total axle of compressor 244b.Therefore, all functions that will reclaim by turbo- expander 232a, 232b are in compressed side, with Driven Compressor 244a, 244b.To be directly delivered to the carbon dioxide that is used to isolate with compression on the compressor by the merit that the expansion from the high pressure methane on stratum produces by turbo-expander, significantly improve the efficient of system.Can drive third level compressor 244c by the electric power electricity that produces by SOFC.
First and second embodiments are the same with using, and the electricity generating device 230 of Fig. 3 can produce hydrogen separately.In addition, can to use and handle carbon dioxide content be not have, seldom or high rock gas to electricity generating device 230.
Unless it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the carbon dioxide in the separation bubble before the liquefaction of methane in heat exchanger 211, otherwise the 3rd embodiment may be confined to handle the methane that contains the 0-5% carbon dioxide in air-flow.More specifically, carbon dioxide will be cooled to condensing temperature along with the air-flow of mixing and solidify.If natural gas flow comprises the carbon dioxide greater than 5%, then for fear of freezing problem, suitable any known technology and the device of being to use is as hollow-fibre membrane or other film, PSA (transformation absorption), TSA (alternating temperature (thermal swing) absorption) or TPSA (heating-transformation is adsorbed) adsorbent equipment or amine absorption plant (all less than demonstration) separating carbon dioxide and methane.Adopt membrane technology, the predetermined molecules aperture is used for carbon dioxide and methane separation.In PSA, TSA or TPSA adsorbent equipment, high-pressure spray passes through a wherein bed of absorbing carbon dioxide.At this bed online in preset time length (online), and by carbon dioxide saturated after, charging is switched in second.In PSA, TSA or TPSA circulation, when charging being switched in second, use low pressure to flow out stream or use hot air with first regeneration from liquifier.In amine absorbs, use liquid amine absorbing carbon dioxide from natural gas flow.The amine distillation that will have carbon dioxide afterwards is with release of carbon dioxide.Have nothing to do with using which kind of separating mechanism, the natural gas flow that preferably obtains contains the 0-5% carbon dioxide therein.Have under the situation of 0-5% carbon dioxide at natural gas flow initial or that handle, can use molecular sieve (not showing) that carbon dioxide was further separated before being used for heat exchanger with methane, and/or can use back exchange device pattern so that be fed to the stream in the heat exchanger 234 and discharge " rock gas " in exchanger 211a, 211b, 211c and 211d changing channel (exchange passages) in the logistics, feasible carbon dioxide from incoming flow solidifies out in a passage, is evaporated by lowpressure stream then.By this way, avoid the obstruction of carbon dioxide to solidify.
In Fig. 4 referring to the 4th embodiment of the present invention.The 4th embodiment and first embodiment are similar, and identical part is to represent with the same tag that increases " 300 ".Therefore, the stratum 310 with rock gas (methane) is shown as and has well or the well 320 that is used to produce rock gas.Usually produce rock gas at hundreds of psig to the pressure range that surpasses between 10,000 psig according to the technology of knowing, described pressure depends primarily on the therefrom degree of depth on the stratum of process gas.Typically, also with respect to the temperature of laminar surface temperature rising gas peripherally.According to the 4th embodiment, by pipeline or pipe-line system 325 will be transported to pipe at the rock gas that well 320 is produced be positioned at stratum 310 or near electricity generating device 330.Electricity generating device 330 comprises the following units: one or more turbo-expanders 332; Optional heat exchanger 338; Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) 340; Separator 342 and compressor 344.
SOFC340 be play basically by Siemens (Siemens, AG) or the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell of the effect of the SOFC that sells of Ah Ku of Massachusetts Westwood door Trix (Acumentrics of Westwood).Particularly, methane gas stream is fed among the SOFC with the air stream that contains oxygen.The reaction that takes place in SOFC 340 is
This reaction is heat release, and will discharge the energy of significant quantity.Because some methane can not react, so can use afterburner (after-burner) (not showing).
SOFC at high temperature works.The output of SOFC not only has electric power and heat, and the air that water (steam), carbon dioxide is arranged and have less oxygen.Air is released in the ambient air, and the air that can enter with heating by optional heat exchanger 341.By the separator 342 that can realize with the form of film or cyclone separator with water and carbon dioxide separation.The preferred methane gas stream of using steam to enter by heat exchanger 338 preheatings.After cooling, obtain high-purity water by steam, and water can be bottled, stored or utilization (for example, being used for agricultural) in addition.To deliver in one or more compressors 344 (having shown) by the carbon dioxide that separator 342 separates, described compressor 344 is with CO
2Pressure be increased to permission and carbon dioxide be pumped into downwards in well 320 and the stratum 310 with the level in this isolation by pipeline or pipe-line system 345.Although producing under the situation of methane gas by the identical well of isolating with downward pumping carbon dioxide, in Fig. 4, shown dual completion 320, but as skilled in the art to understand, carbon dioxide is pumped into wherein and the well of isolating can be or can not be the identical well of therefrom producing methane.
According to an aspect of the present invention, and as describe with reference to other embodiment in the above, one or more compressors 344 of system preferably are provided with power by the turbo-expanders 332 of system, and with its common shaft.Therefore, all functions that will reclaim by turbo-expander 332 are in compressed side, with Driven Compressor 344.To be directly delivered to the carbon dioxide that is used to isolate with compression on the compressor by the merit that the expansion from the high pressure methane on stratum produces by turbo-expander, significantly improve the efficient of system.Other if desired compression arbon dioxide then can utilize some electric power that produce by SOFC to make other compressor operating.
The electricity generating device 330 that it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that Fig. 4 can handle carbon dioxide content be do not have, low or high natural gas flow.Particularly, carbon dioxide will pass through any decompressor and heat exchanger with methane stream, and will be supplied among the SOFC with methane stream.To the carbon dioxide in the methane be separated with the carbon dioxide that generates by the reaction among the SOFC by separator 342.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the particular technology that is used for the down-hole carbon dioxide sequestration is beyond scope of the present invention.Simultaneously, in any electricity generating device of design consideration the present invention operation, suitable is to determine that carbon dioxide is injected into the pressure when getting back in the stratum, makes the quantity of the compressor that can consider required or expection, and the compression ratio during their operations.Usually, if possible, then suitable is injects the stratum with carbon dioxide under the low pressure of the pressure when producing methane.Therefore, suitable usually is that carbon dioxide is injected more close surface is compared on the stratum with one or more layers of therefrom producing methane layer.Yet, it is also recognized that can be under the pressure higher than methane production pressure injecting carbon dioxide.
Those skilled in the art it should also be understood that, according to an aspect of the present invention, very suitable is to make electricity generating device be positioned at well location to put (on the gas generation stratum), with the methane that will deliver to electricity generating device with come the pipeline of the carbon dioxide refuse of self-generating device to reduce to minimum.Therefore, for the present invention, if electricity generating device in the 100km that well location is put, then electricity generating device be considered to ＂ or put near the ＂ well location.When electricity generating device was located immediately at well location and puts, suitable usually is extended electrical network and makes and electricity generating device can be connected (hook up) to electrical network.Yet, the electric power that produces by fuel cell of the present invention can be used for the industrial purposes of any needs, and/or with electrical power storage in battery or other electric storage system.
Those skilled in the art it should also be understood that: All aspects of of the present invention can be irrespectively accomplished with others of the present invention.Therefore, for example, when still the axle of turbo-expander (it produces merit from methane) and compressor (compression arbon dioxide) being linked together, can use the fuel cell of other type or other power generation cycle to replace SOFC.
In this description and the several embodiments and the correlation technique of the natural gas power device under the situation in carbon dioxide sequestration have been described.Although described specific embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to and limit the invention to this, in fact intention is that scope of the present invention such as related domain allow ground so wide, and should similarly understand this specification.Therefore, although disclose concrete converter, transducer and SOFC device, be to be understood that and use other device.In addition, described individual system, be to be understood that electricity generating device can have a plurality of systems of parallel running or depend on its amount with the rock gas of processing, single amplifying system.And, although disclose concrete structure, be to be understood that and can also use other structure that reason is that individual unit can be replaced by a plurality of unit about heat exchanger, turbogenerator, compressor and water-separator, vice versa.In addition, although described the electricity generating device that is positioned at the gas production stratum, but be to be understood that rock gas is being transported in the factory with pipe, and carbon dioxide is transported to the down-hole with pipe isolates under the situation in required place, electricity generating device can be positioned at the place, stratum " near ".Therefore, those skilled in the art are to be understood that and can also carry out other modification to it under the situation that the spirit of the present invention that provided and desired scope are not provided.
Claims (25)
1. a natural gas power device is located on or near the methane production stratum of being passed by at least one well, and described natural gas power device comprises:
First pipeline that is connected with described well, the described methane of described line transportation;
The turbo-expander that is connected with described first pipeline, wherein said turbo-expander receives the described methane of producing from described well under first pressure, and therefrom produce merit, described methane leaves described turbo-expander under the pressure that reduces with respect to described first pressure, described turbo-expander has axle;
The fuel cell and the separator that are connected with described turbo-expander, wherein the output from described fuel cell and separator comprises electric power, heat, water and carbon dioxide;
Compressor, described compressor receives described carbon dioxide, and with its compression, wherein said compressor is connected with the described shaft mechanical of described turbo-expander; And
Second pipeline, described second pipeline is connected with described compressor, and compressed carbon dioxide is transported in the geo-logical terrain to isolate therein.
2. according to the natural gas power device of claim 1, wherein:
Described compressor uses the axle of the described axle of described turbo-expander as described compressor.
3. according to the natural gas power device of claim 1, also comprise:
The converter that connects described turbo-expander and described fuel cell and separator, described converter receive water and from the described methane of described turbo-expander, and generate hydrogen and carbon monoxide as output by it.
4. according to the natural gas power device of claim 3, wherein:
At least a portion that use goes out from the described aquatic products of described fuel cell is as the described water that is fed in the described converter.
5. according to the natural gas power device of claim 3, wherein:
To be fed in the described fuel cell with oxygen from the described carbon monoxide and the described hydrogen output of described converter, and described fuel cell therefrom produces described electric power, heat and carbon dioxide and current.
6. according to the natural gas power device of claim 5, wherein:
Described separator is with described carbon dioxide in the described stream and described water separation.
7. according to the natural gas power device of claim 6, wherein:
Described fuel cell is a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, and described oxygen obtains from air inlet.
8. according to the natural gas power device of claim 3, also comprise:
Transducer, described transducer receives described carbon monoxide and the described hydrogen output from described converter, and utilize described output and water to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen flow, wherein described stream is fed in the described separator, in described fuel cell, described fuel cell produces described electric power, described heat and described water to described separator with described hydrogen supply.
9. natural gas power device according to Claim 8, wherein:
Described fuel cell is the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with air inlet.
10. according to the natural gas power device of claim 3, also comprise:
Heat exchanger, described heat exchanger use at least a of the described water that used by described converter from the described heat heating of described fuel cell and described methane.
11. according to the natural gas power device of claim 10, wherein:
Described heat exchanger heats described water and the described methane that is used by described converter simultaneously.
12. according to the natural gas power device of claim 1, wherein:
The described geo-logical terrain that described carbon dioxide is isolated therein is described methane production stratum.
13. according to the natural gas power device of claim 12, wherein:
Described well be therefrom first degree of depth obtain described methane and in second degree of depth different with described first degree of depth with described carbon dioxide sequestration dual completion therein.
14. a natural gas power device is positioned at the methane production stratum of being passed by at least one well, described natural gas power device comprises:
First pipeline that is connected with described well, the described methane of described line transportation;
Converter, described converter receives water and described methane, and generates hydrogen and carbon monoxide as output by it;
The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and the separator that are connected with described converter output, wherein the output from described fuel cell and separator comprises electric power, heat, water and carbon dioxide;
Compressor, described compressor receives described carbon dioxide, and with its compression; And
Second pipeline, described second pipeline is connected with described compressor, and compressed carbon dioxide is transported in the described stratum to isolate therein.
15. the natural gas power device according to claim 14 also comprises:
The turbo-expander that is connected with described first pipeline, wherein said turbo-expander receives the described methane of producing from described well under first pressure, and therefrom produce merit, described methane leaves described turbo-expander under the pressure that reduces with respect to described first pressure, described turbo-expander has axle, and wherein said compressor is connected with described shaft mechanical.
16. according to the natural gas power device of claim 14, wherein:
To be fed in the described Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with air from the described carbon monoxide and the described hydrogen output of described converter, and described fuel cell therefrom produces described electric power, heat and carbon dioxide and current, and described separator is with described carbon dioxide in the described stream and described water separation.
17. the natural gas power device according to claim 14 also comprises:
Transducer, described transducer receives described carbon monoxide and the described hydrogen output from described converter, and utilize described output and water to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen flow, wherein described stream (steam) is fed in the described separator, in described fuel cell, described fuel cell produces described electric power, described heat and described water to described separator with described hydrogen supply.
18. one kind is made up natural gas power and liquefaction plant, described combination natural gas power and liquefaction plant are located on or near the methane production stratum of being passed by at least one well, and it comprises:
First pipeline that is connected with described well, the described methane of described line transportation;
Heat-exchange device, described heat-exchange device receive described methane to be flowed and the steam natural gas flow by its production liquid natural gas (LNG);
Be used to store the device of described LNG;
Converter, described converter receives water and described steam natural gas flow, and generates hydrogen and carbon monoxide as output by it;
The fuel cell and the separator that are connected with described converter output, wherein the output from described fuel cell and separator comprises electric power, heat, water and carbon dioxide;
First compressor, described first compressor receives described carbon dioxide, and with its compression; With
Second pipeline, described second pipeline is connected with described first compressor, and compressed carbon dioxide is transported in the geo-logical terrain to isolate therein.
19. according to the combination natural gas power and the liquefaction plant of claim 18, wherein:
Described heat-exchange device comprises multi-stage heat-exchanger and shunt.
20. according to the combination natural gas power and the liquefaction plant of claim 19, wherein:
Described heat-exchange device also comprises valve decompressor that is connected with described shunt and the separator that is connected with described valve decompressor, and described separator is connected with the described device that is used to store described LNG.
21. combination natural gas power and liquefaction plant according to claim 18 also comprise:
First turbo-expander that is connected with described heat-exchange device, wherein said first turbo-expander receives the described steam natural gas flow that is in first pressure, and therefrom produce merit, described methane leaves described turbo-expander under the pressure that reduces with respect to described first pressure, described turbo-expander has the axle that is connected with described compressor.
22. combination natural gas power and liquefaction plant according to claim 21 also comprise:
Second turbo-expander that is connected with described heat-exchange device, wherein said second turbo-expander receives the described steam natural gas flow that is in second pressure, and therefrom produce merit, described methane leaves described turbo-expander under the pressure that reduces with respect to described second pressure, described turbo-expander has second; And
Second compressor, described second compressor are connected to described first compressor and described second turbo-expander described second.
23. combination natural gas power and liquefaction plant according to claim 21 also comprise:
With first water-separator of described first compressor associating and second water-separator of uniting with described second compressor, described first and second water-separators are used for water and described carbon dioxide separation.
24. combination natural gas power and liquefaction plant according to claim 22 also comprise:
The 3rd compressor, described the 3rd compressor is connected with described second compressor and is provided with power by described fuel cell.
25. according to the combination natural gas power and the liquefaction plant of claim 18, wherein:
Described fuel cell is a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell.
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| CN101915075A (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2010-12-15 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Gas hydrate mined by adopting low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell method and device thereof |
| CN101915080A (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2010-12-15 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Gas hydrate mined by adopting solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid generation method and device thereof |
| CN102261560A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2011-11-30 | 中国寰球工程公司 | Boil-off gas zero emission system and method |
| CN102628402A (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2012-08-08 | 西安交通大学 | Fuel cell and organic Rankine cycle combined power generating system based on LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) cold energy utilization |
| EP2715062A4 (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2015-07-15 | Vetco Gray Scandinavia As | Apparatus and method for operating a subsea compression system |
| WO2017059515A1 (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2017-04-13 | 1304338 Alberta Ltd. | Method of producing heavy oil using a fuel cell |
| US10968725B2 (en) | 2016-02-11 | 2021-04-06 | 1304338 Alberta Ltd. | Method of extracting coal bed methane using carbon dioxide |
| US11473021B2 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2022-10-18 | 1304338 Alberta Ltd. | Upgrading oil using supercritical fluids |
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| US11473021B2 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2022-10-18 | 1304338 Alberta Ltd. | Upgrading oil using supercritical fluids |
| US10968725B2 (en) | 2016-02-11 | 2021-04-06 | 1304338 Alberta Ltd. | Method of extracting coal bed methane using carbon dioxide |
| US11866395B2 (en) | 2018-03-07 | 2024-01-09 | 1304338 Alberta Ltd. | Production of petrochemical feedstocks and products using a fuel cell |
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