WO2021129429A1 - 3-in-1 combined circulation system, transportation vehicle, and charging system - Google Patents

3-in-1 combined circulation system, transportation vehicle, and charging system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021129429A1
WO2021129429A1 PCT/CN2020/135897 CN2020135897W WO2021129429A1 WO 2021129429 A1 WO2021129429 A1 WO 2021129429A1 CN 2020135897 W CN2020135897 W CN 2020135897W WO 2021129429 A1 WO2021129429 A1 WO 2021129429A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston
cylinder
cylinder block
air
outlet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/135897
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
靳普
Original Assignee
至玥腾风科技集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2021129429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021129429A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B1/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
    • F01B1/08—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft and of "flat" type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B23/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01B23/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of energy recovery and utilization, in particular to a three combined cycle system of air compressor, fuel cell and steam power generation, a vehicle, and a charging system.
  • Solid oxide fuel cells can be used to generate electricity.
  • Solid oxide fuel cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, referred to as SOFC
  • SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
  • SOFC operates at high temperatures (800-1000°C) and has the following characteristics: no noble metal catalyst is required; it is highly adaptable to fuel and can operate under various fuel conditions ; Using all solid components, there is no leakage or corrosion; it can be built at will, and the scale and installation location are flexible. These characteristics greatly improve the efficiency of fuel power generation. Because part of the gas-phase fuel that is not completely reacted is contained during the reaction, this part of the gas can continue to burn to generate heat, but it is often used as exhaust gas for evacuating or burning, which leads to waste of energy and is not conducive to environmental protection.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an air compressor, fuel cell and steam power generation three combined cycle system, vehicle, and charging system, which can simultaneously solve the problem of recovery of SOFC power generation waste heat and regenerator exhaust waste heat. , Recycling the heat produced by each link in the system can improve the power generation and recovery efficiency of the entire system.
  • a three combined cycle system including:
  • the air compressor system includes a regenerator, an electric motor, and an air compressor connected to the electric motor.
  • the air compressor is connected to the outside air at its inlet end and connected to the regenerator inlet at its outlet end;
  • the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, the outlet of the regenerator is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell for providing combustion gas for the fuel cell, and the exhaust outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the inlet end of the air compressor for driving the air compressor to rotate;
  • the outlet of the regenerator is connected to the steam power generation system for providing a heat source for the steam power generation system.
  • the steam power generation system is a steam turbine system
  • the steam turbine system includes a heat exchange unit, a circulating water tank, an engine, and a first generator, the outlet of the regenerator is connected with the air inlet of the heat exchange unit, and the water inlet of the heat exchange unit is connected with the water outlet of the circulating water tank,
  • the steam outlet of the heat exchange unit is connected with the engine to provide working steam for the engine, the engine is connected to the first generator to drive the first generator to generate electricity, and the circulating water tank is connected to the engine to recover the working steam and convert it into Water or water-vapor mixture.
  • the engine is a single-side intake spring return type piston engine or a double-side intake type piston engine or a horizontally opposed two-cylinder controlled piston engine;
  • the unilateral air intake spring return type piston engine includes:
  • the piston is installed in the cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is connected to the piston, the other end extends out of the cylinder body and is connected to the crank slider mechanism, the crank slider mechanism is connected to the output shaft, and the output shaft is connected to the first generator;
  • the rodless cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a first air inlet, a first air outlet, the first air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, the first air outlet is connected to the circulating water tank, and the cylinder block has a rod cavity.
  • a spring is set on the side to reset the piston after it has done work;
  • the double-side air-intake piston engine includes:
  • the piston is installed in the cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is connected to the piston, the other end extends out of the cylinder body and is connected to the crank slider mechanism, the crank slider mechanism is connected to the output shaft, and the output shaft is connected to the first generator;
  • the rodless cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a first intake port, a first exhaust port, and the rod cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a second intake port, a second exhaust port, and a first intake port.
  • the second air inlet and the second air inlet are connected to the heat exchange unit, and the first air outlet and the second air outlet are connected to the circulating water tank;
  • the horizontally opposed dual-cylinder controlled piston engine includes:
  • crank slider mechanism and a first cylinder and a second cylinder opposite to the crank slider mechanism
  • the crank slider mechanism is a double slider structure, which includes a crank, a first slider, a first connecting rod, a second slider, a second connecting rod, and an output shaft;
  • the output shaft is connected to the first generator, and the output shaft passes through Set at the center of the crank, one end of the first connecting rod and one end of the second connecting rod are respectively connected to the two end faces of the crank, and the connecting points are distributed on both sides of the output shaft.
  • the other end of the first connecting rod is connected to the first sliding shaft.
  • the other end of the block and the second connecting rod is connected to the second slider;
  • the first cylinder includes a first cylinder block, a first piston, and a first piston rod.
  • the first piston is installed in the first cylinder block.
  • One end of the first piston rod is connected to the first piston, and the other end extends out of the first cylinder block.
  • And connected with the first slider; the rodless cavity side of the first cylinder block is provided with a first air inlet and a first air outlet, the first air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, and the first air outlet is connected to the circulation Water tank
  • the second cylinder includes a second cylinder block, a second piston, a second piston rod, and a second piston rod installed in the second cylinder block.
  • One end of the second piston rod is connected to the second piston, and the other end extends out of the second cylinder cylinder.
  • the second cylinder block is provided with a second air inlet and a second air outlet on the rod cavity side, the second air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, and the second air outlet is connected Circulating water tank.
  • the first generator is a linear generator
  • the engine is a single-side intake spring return type piston engine or a double-side intake type piston engine or a horizontally opposed two-cylinder control type piston engine;
  • the unilateral air intake spring return type piston engine includes:
  • the piston is installed in the cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is connected to the piston, and the other end extends out of the cylinder body and is connected to the linear motor;
  • the rodless cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a first air inlet, a first air outlet, the first air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, the first air outlet is connected to the circulating water tank, and the cylinder block has a rod cavity.
  • a spring is set on the side to reset the piston after it has done work;
  • the double-side air-intake piston engine includes:
  • the piston is installed in the cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is connected to the piston, and the other end extends out of the cylinder body and is connected to the linear motor;
  • the rodless cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a first intake port, a first exhaust port, and the rod cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a second intake port, a second exhaust port, and a first intake port.
  • the second air inlet and the second air inlet are connected to the heat exchange unit, and the first air outlet and the second air outlet are connected to the circulating water tank;
  • the horizontally opposed dual-cylinder controlled piston engine includes:
  • the first cylinder includes a first cylinder block, a first piston, and a first piston rod.
  • the first piston is installed in the first cylinder block.
  • One end of the first piston rod is connected to the first piston, and the other end extends out of the first cylinder.
  • the cylinder block is connected to the linear first generator end; the rodless cavity side of the first cylinder block is provided with a first intake port and a first exhaust port.
  • the first intake port is connected to the heat exchange unit.
  • An exhaust port is connected to the circulating water tank;
  • the second cylinder includes a second cylinder block, a second piston, a second piston rod, and a second piston rod installed in the second cylinder block.
  • One end of the second piston rod is connected to the second piston, and the other end extends out of the second cylinder cylinder.
  • the second cylinder block is connected to the other end of the linear motor; a second air inlet and a second air outlet are provided on the rod cavity side of the second cylinder block.
  • the second air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, and the second air outlet ⁇ Connect the circulating water tank.
  • the steam power generation system is an organic Rankine cycle system
  • the organic Rankine cycle system includes a condenser, an evaporator, a second generator, a turbo expander, and a liquid pump.
  • the outlet of the regenerator is connected to the inlet of the evaporator, and the condenser is connected to evaporate through the liquid pump.
  • the steam outlet of the evaporator is connected with a turboexpander to provide working steam for the turboexpander, and the turboexpander is connected to a second generator for driving the second generator to generate electricity.
  • the condenser is connected to a turbo expander for recovering the water or water-steam mixture converted into the working steam after the work is done.
  • the fuel cell system further includes an afterburner
  • the fuel cell tail gas outlet is connected to the afterburner, and the afterburner gas outlet is connected to the air compressor inlet.
  • the solar energy system includes a solar energy collection device and a solar energy reflector for reflecting sunlight to the solar energy collection, and the solar energy reflector is arranged at the entrance section or the middle section or/and the exit section inside or/and outside of the regenerator.
  • the fuel cell is used to connect to the inlet of the regenerator.
  • the air compressor is a radial turbine
  • the fuel cell is a solid fuel cell or a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • a vehicle including the above-mentioned three combined cycle system
  • the steam power generation system of the three-combined cycle system is connected to the heating element in the vehicle, and is used to recover the heat emitted by the heating element.
  • a charging system including the above-mentioned three combined cycle system;
  • the steam power generation system of the three combined cycle system is connected to the heating element in the charging system, and is used to recover the heat emitted by the heating element.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the three combined cycle system of air compressor, fuel cell and steam power generation provided by the present invention is a three combined system, which can simultaneously solve the problem of recovery of waste heat of SOFC power generation and exhaust heat of regenerator, and produce various links in the system.
  • the heat recovery efficiency can reach 50%-80%;
  • the steam power generation system in the three-combined system can be a steam turbine system or an ORC system (Organic Rankine Cycle System), which has strong versatility.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas produced by the fuel cell of the present invention is passed into the air compressor, which can not only drive the air compressor to rotate and share the pressure of the drive motor, but also can be used as recycled gas to re-enter the air compressor to participate in the cycle, saving energy and efficiency High, the air compressor of the present invention not only plays the role of air compression, but also participates in the circulation in the circulation chain, so that the work of the driving motor is reduced.
  • Cold start at low temperature is one of the important factors that affect the commercial application of fuel cells.
  • the present invention puts the fuel cell in a complete cycle system, which can make the fuel cell start only when the temperature of the outlet gas from the regenerator reaches an appropriate value. , So that the fuel cell is fully utilized, resources are saved, and the use efficiency is high, which is conducive to commercialization.
  • the three combined cycle system of the present invention can be applied to vehicles or power generation systems.
  • the circulating water of the steam power generation system can further recover the heat of the heating elements in the vehicles or power generation systems, such as engine casings, battery packs, and generators. The heat emitted, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a working schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the circulatory system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a working schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the circulatory system of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the engine structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a second schematic diagram of the engine structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is three schematic diagrams of the engine structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a fourth schematic diagram of the engine structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a five schematic diagram of the engine structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a sixth schematic diagram of the engine structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when the vacuum pump is set in FIG. 5;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when the vacuum pump is set in Fig. 8;
  • FIG 11 is a working schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the circulatory system of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a working schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of the circulatory system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a working schematic diagram of Embodiment 5 of the circulatory system of the present invention.
  • This embodiment provides a three combined cycle system of air compressor, fuel cell and steam power generation, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the three combined cycle system of air compressor, fuel cell and steam power generation in this embodiment includes:
  • the air compressor system includes an air compressor 102.
  • the inlet end of the air compressor 102 is connected with external air, and the outlet end of the air compressor 102 is connected to the inlet of the regenerator 101.
  • the air compressor 102 is driven by a motor 103.
  • the fuel cell system 2 includes a fuel cell 201.
  • the outlet of the regenerator 101 is connected to the fuel cell 201 to provide the fuel cell 201 with high-temperature gas required for combustion.
  • the output end of the fuel cell 201 outputs electrical energy.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas generated by it pushes the air compressor 102 to rotate on the one hand, and acts as a cycle on the other hand.
  • the gas is passed into the air compressor 102, and at this time, the motor 103 outputs a small amount of power to drive the air compressor 102 to work, saving energy.
  • the steam power generation system uses the steam turbine system 3, which includes a heat exchange unit 302, a circulating water tank 301, an engine 303, and a first generator 304.
  • Part of the gas discharged from the regenerator 101 is sent to the heat exchange unit 302, while the circulating water tank 301 transfers the circulating water It is sent to the heat exchange unit 302.
  • the circulating water absorbs the heat in the exhaust gas and vaporizes in the heat exchange unit 302 to form high-pressure steam.
  • the high-pressure steam enters the engine 303 to drive the first generator 304 to generate electricity.
  • the high-pressure steam becomes atmospheric steam or a water-steam mixture after performing work, and then enters the circulating water tank 301 to realize recycling.
  • the heat in the exhaust gas of the regenerator 101 is effectively used, and the overall efficiency of the circulation system is improved.
  • cycle process of this embodiment is:
  • the motor 103 drives the air compressor 102 to work.
  • the outside air is passed into the air compressor 102, and then passed into the regenerator 101 after being compressed.
  • the temperature of the gas flowing out of the air compressor 102 is 100-300°C, preferably The ground is 200°C.
  • the gas flowing out of the regenerator 101 is divided into two paths, one enters the heat exchange unit 302 of the steam turbine system 3, and the other enters the fuel cell system 2, and together with the fuel gas, it promotes the reaction of the fuel cell 201 to start and maintain :
  • Part of the gas discharged from the regenerator 101 is delivered to the heat exchange unit 302, while the circulating water tank 301 delivers the circulating water to the heat exchange unit 302.
  • the circulating water absorbs the heat in the exhaust gas and transfers it to the heat exchange unit.
  • the gasification inside 302 forms high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam enters the engine 303 to perform work to drive the first generator 304 to generate electricity.
  • the high-pressure steam becomes atmospheric steam or a water-steam mixture after doing work and enters the circulating water tank 301 to realize recycling.
  • the fuel cell 201 After the fuel cell 201 starts, it gradually generates heat and generates a small amount of electric energy.
  • the exhaust gas produced by it is passed into the air compressor 102, and the cycle is repeated until the fuel cell 201 reacts stably at the optimal temperature, and the gas temperature in the air compressor 102 also rises. And gradually stabilize, the output end gas enters the regenerator 101 to circulate.
  • the fuel cell 201 generates heat after starting, and gradually rises to the optimal reaction temperature, and reacts stably at 800-950°C, (preferably, 900°C), stably outputting electric energy; the exhaust gas produced is passed into the air compressor 102 repeats the cycle.
  • the temperature at the outlet end of the air compressor 102 reaches 550°C-700°C, (preferably, 650°C); the temperature in the regenerator 101 is maintained at 500°C-600°C.
  • the steam power generation system in the three-combined system of this embodiment selects a steam turbine system.
  • the three-combined system can simultaneously solve the problem of recovery of SOFC power generation waste heat and regenerator exhaust waste heat, and recycle the heat produced by each link in the system.
  • the recovery efficiency can reach 50%-80%.
  • an afterburner 202 can be connected to prevent insufficient combustion.
  • the fuel cell 201 outputs electric energy, and part of its incompletely reacted gas is sent to the afterburner 202, and a combustion reaction occurs in the afterburner 202. After that, the exhaust gas is transported from the outlet of the afterburner 202 to the intake end of the air compressor 102 for recycling.
  • the afterburner 202 adopts an existing afterburner, such as an afterburner.
  • the motor 103 drives the air compressor 102 to work.
  • the outside air is passed into the air compressor 102, and then passed into the regenerator 101 after being compressed.
  • the temperature of the gas flowing out of the air compressor 102 is 100-300°C, preferably The ground is 200°C.
  • the gas flowing out of the regenerator 101 is divided into two paths, one enters the heat exchange unit 302 of the steam turbine system 3, and the other enters the fuel cell system 2, and together with the fuel gas, it promotes the reaction start and maintenance of the fuel cell 201 :
  • Part of the gas discharged from the regenerator 101 is delivered to the heat exchange unit 302, while the circulating water tank 301 delivers the circulating water to the heat exchange unit 302.
  • the circulating water absorbs the heat in the exhaust gas and transfers it to the heat exchange unit.
  • the gasification inside 302 forms high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam enters the engine 303 to perform work to drive the first generator 304 to generate electricity.
  • the high-pressure steam becomes atmospheric steam or a water-steam mixture after performing work, and then enters the circulating water tank 301 to realize recycling.
  • the fuel cell 201 After the fuel cell 201 is started, it gradually generates heat and generates a small amount of electrical energy.
  • the generated exhaust gas is passed into the afterburner 202, and the gas discharged from the afterburner 202 is passed into the air compressor 102, and the temperature of the gas in the air compressor 102 rises. And gradually stabilize, the gas at the outlet end enters the regenerator 101 to circulate.
  • the fuel cell 201 generates heat after startup, and gradually rises to the optimal temperature, and reacts stably at 800-950°C (preferably, 900°C), stably outputting electric energy; unreacted gas is introduced into supplemental combustion
  • the reactor 202 further reacts, and the tail gas produced by the afterburner 202 is passed into the air compressor 102 to repeat the cycle.
  • the temperature at the outlet end of the air compressor 102 reaches 550°C-700°C, (preferably, 650°C); in the regenerator 101 The temperature is maintained at 500°C-600°C.
  • the afterburner 202 is added to ensure the full combustion of fuel and improve the energy recovery rate.
  • the engine 303 in the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention may adopt a piston engine.
  • the structure of the piston engine can be realized by a variety of structures, for example, but not limited to the following structures.
  • the engine 303 adopts a single-side intake spring return type piston engine 310. As shown in Figure 3, it includes a cylinder block 311, a piston 312, a spring 313, a piston rod 314, a crank slider mechanism 315 and an output shaft 316.
  • the piston 312 is installed in the cylinder block 311, and one end of the piston rod 314 is connected to the piston 312 The other end extends out of the cylinder block 311 and is connected to the crank slider mechanism 315.
  • the crank slider mechanism 315 is connected to the output shaft 316.
  • the rodless cavity side of the cylinder block 311 is provided with a first air inlet 311-1.
  • An exhaust port 311-2, the first intake port 311-1 is connected to the heat exchange unit 302, the first exhaust port 311-2 is connected to the circulating water tank 301, and the output shaft 316 is connected to the first generator 304;
  • a spring 313 is provided on one side of the rod cavity for resetting the piston 312 after working.
  • an on-off valve 321 can be provided between the first intake port 311-1, the first exhaust port 311-2, and the cylinder block 311, and the on-off valve 321 can be controlled according to the specific working state of the piston engine. In order to realize the control of piston engine action.
  • the on-off valve 321 may be a mechanical on-off valve or an electric on-off valve.
  • the electric on-off valve is relatively simple in principle. It only needs to meet the high-frequency on-off, but it needs to be able to withstand higher temperatures and pressures; the mechanical on-off valve needs to combine the movement of its own piston. Interaction between the two, eliminating the frequency limit of program control, but its structure will be a little more complicated.
  • the high-pressure steam enters the rodless cavity of the piston engine from the heat exchange unit 302 through the first air inlet 311-1, pushing the piston 312 to move linearly, and the piston 312 converts the linear motion of the piston 312 through the crank connecting rod mechanism 315
  • the output shaft 316 drives the first generator 304 to generate electricity; after doing work, the spring 313 pushes the piston 312 to reset, and the exhaust gas or steam-water mixture in the rodless cavity of the piston engine passes through the first exhaust port 311- 2 Enter the circulating water tank 301 for recycling.
  • the engine 303 adopts a piston engine 320 with double-side air intake.
  • the spring 313 is omitted, and at the same time, a second air inlet 311-3 and a second air outlet 311-4 are provided on the side of the cylinder block 311 with the rod cavity.
  • the second air inlet 311-3 is connected to the heat exchange unit 302, and the second air outlet 311-4 is connected to the circulating water tank 301.
  • the other structure is the same as that of the first structure, and repeated description and labeling are omitted here.
  • the high-pressure steam enters the rodless cavity of the piston engine from the heat exchange unit 302 through the first air inlet 311-1, pushing the piston 312 to move linearly, and the piston 312 converts the linear motion of the piston 312 through the crank connecting rod mechanism 315
  • the output shaft 316 drives the first generator 304; after doing work, the high-pressure steam enters the rod cavity of the piston engine through the second air inlet 311-3, pushing the piston 312 to the rodless cavity side ,
  • the exhaust gas or steam-water mixture in the rodless cavity of the piston engine enters the circulating water tank 301 through the first exhaust port 311-2, and then enters the next cycle, and the high-pressure steam enters the piston engine through the first intake port 311-1
  • the rodless cavity pushes the piston 312 to do work.
  • the exhaust gas or steam-water mixture in the rod cavity of the piston engine enters the circulating water tank 301 through the second exhaust port 311-4 to circulate.
  • a switch valve may be provided between the first air inlet 311-1, the first air outlet 311-2, the second air inlet 311-3, the second air outlet 311-4 and the cylinder block 311 321.
  • the on-off valve 321 is controlled according to the specific working state of the piston engine to realize the control of the reciprocating movement of the piston engine; the on-off valve 321 may be a mechanical on-off valve or an electric on-off valve.
  • this structure omits the spring, realizes the reciprocating movement of the piston through the intake and exhaust on both sides, improves the reliability of the control of the piston engine, and simplifies the structure.
  • the engine 303 adopts a two-cylinder control piston engine 330 that is horizontally opposed.
  • the dual-cylinder controlled piston engine 330 includes a crank slider mechanism 335 and a first cylinder and a second cylinder that are arranged opposite to the crank slider mechanism 335.
  • the crank slider mechanism 335 is a double slider structure, which includes a crank 335-1, a first slider 335-2, a first connecting rod 335-3, a second slider 335-4, and a second connecting rod 335- 5 and the output shaft 316; the output shaft 316 passes through the center of the crank 335-1, one end of the first connecting rod 335-3 and one end of the second connecting rod 335-5 are respectively connected to the two end faces of the crank 335-1 , And the connecting points are distributed on both sides of the output shaft 316, the other end of the first connecting rod 335-3 is connected to the first slider 335-2, and the other end of the second connecting rod 335-5 is connected to the second slider 335-4 .
  • the first cylinder includes a first cylinder block 331, a first piston 332, and a first piston rod 334.
  • the first piston 332 is installed in the first cylinder block 331.
  • One end of the first piston rod 334 is connected to the first piston 332, and the other One end extends out of the first cylinder block 331 and is connected to the first slider 335-2;
  • the rodless cavity side of the first cylinder block 331 is provided with a first air inlet 311-1 and a first air outlet 311- 2.
  • the first air inlet 311-1 is connected to the heat exchange unit 302, and the first air outlet 311-2 is connected to the circulating water tank 301.
  • the second cylinder includes: a second cylinder block 337, a second piston 338, a second piston rod 339, and a second piston rod 339 are installed in the second cylinder block 337, one end of the second piston rod 338 is connected to the second piston 338, The other end extends out of the second cylinder block 337 and is connected with the second slider 335-4; the second cylinder block 337 is provided with a second intake port 311-3 and a second exhaust port 311 on the side of the rod cavity. -4, the second air inlet 311-3 is connected to the heat exchange unit 302, and the second air outlet 311-4 is connected to the circulating water tank 301.
  • the high-pressure steam enters the rodless cavity of the first cylinder from the heat exchange unit 302 through the first air inlet 311-1, pushing the first piston 332 to move linearly, and the first piston 332 moves the first piston through the crank connecting rod mechanism 335.
  • the linear motion of a piston 332 is transformed into the rotational motion of the output shaft 316, and the output shaft 316 drives the first generator 304; after doing work, the high-pressure steam enters the rod cavity of the second cylinder through the second air inlet 311-3, and pushes the The second piston 338 moves toward the rodless cavity.
  • the exhaust gas or steam-water mixture in the rodless cavity of the first cylinder enters the circulating water tank 301 through the first exhaust port 311-2. After the second cylinder performs work, the high-pressure steam enters the second cylinder again.
  • One cylinder continues to perform work, repeats the cycle, and realizes the continuous work of the output shaft 316.
  • the first piston rod 334 drives the crank 335-1 of the crank slider mechanism 335 to rotate, and the crank 335-1 rotates counterclockwise.
  • the crank 335 -1 simultaneously drives the second piston rod 339 to move.
  • the second piston rod 339 drives the second piston 338 to move to the crank 335-1.
  • the high-pressure steam enters the second cylinder to perform work.
  • 338 drives the second piston rod 339 to move away from the crank 335-1, and the crank 335-1 continues to rotate counterclockwise.
  • the exhaust gas or steam-water mixture in the rodless chamber of the first cylinder passes through the first row
  • the air port 311-2 enters the circulating water tank 301. That is, in the continuous work process, when the intake of the first cylinder is doing work, the second cylinder is exhausted, and when the intake of the second cylinder is doing work, the first cylinder is exhausted, thereby achieving cyclic work.
  • an on-off valve 321 is provided between the first air inlet 311-1, the first air outlet 311-2, the second air inlet 311-3, the second air outlet 311-4 and the cylinder, according to The specific working state of the piston engine controls the on and off of the on-off valve 321 to realize the control of the reciprocating motion of the piston engine.
  • the on-off valve 321 may be a mechanical on-off valve or an electric on-off valve.
  • the inside of the heat exchange unit 302 can be connected to the first air inlet 311-1 and the second air inlet 311-3 through an electromagnetic reversing valve to connect the first air outlet 311-2 and the second row
  • the air port 311-4 is connected to the circulating water tank 301 through an electromagnetic reversing valve, and the actions of the first cylinder and the second cylinder can be controlled by the action control of the electromagnetic reversing valve, making the control of the piston engine simpler and more accurate.
  • the specific structure of the engine 303 is that the cylinder drives the crank connecting rod, that is, the linear reciprocating motion of the piston is converted into the rotational motion of the crank, and then the first generator 304 is driven;
  • the present invention can also use a linear motor, that is, the first generator 304 is a linear generator, and the piston rod is directly connected to the linear motor, and the linear movement of the piston directly drives the linear motor to generate electricity. This can further simplify the overall structure.
  • the specific structure principle is as follows:
  • the engine 303 is a single-side intake spring return type piston engine 310, as shown in Fig. 6, including:
  • the piston 312 is installed in the cylinder block 311, one end of the piston rod 314 is connected to the piston 312, and the other end extends out of the cylinder block 311 and is connected to the first generator 304;
  • the rodless cavity side of the cylinder block 311 is provided with a first intake port 311-1, a first exhaust port 311-2, the first intake port 311-1 is connected to the heat exchange unit 302, and the first exhaust port 311 -2 is connected to the circulating water tank 301, and a spring 313 is provided on the side of the cylinder block 311 with the rod cavity for the reset of the piston 312 after it has done work.
  • the engine 303 is a double-side-intake piston engine 320, as shown in Fig. 7, including:
  • the piston 312 is installed in the cylinder block 311, one end of the piston rod 314 is connected to the piston 312, and the other end extends out of the cylinder block 311 and is connected to the first generator 304;
  • the rodless cavity side of the cylinder block 311 is provided with a first intake port 311-1, a first exhaust port 311-2, and the cylinder block 311 has a rod cavity side with a second intake port 311-3.
  • the second exhaust port 311-4, the first intake port 311-1, the second intake port 311-3 are connected to the heat exchange unit 302, the first exhaust port 311-2, the second exhaust port 311-4 Connect the circulating water tank 301.
  • the engine 303 is a horizontally opposed two-cylinder controlled piston engine 330, as shown in Fig. 8, including:
  • the first cylinder includes a first cylinder block 331, a first piston 332, and a first piston rod 334.
  • the first piston 332 is installed in the first cylinder block 331, and one end of the first piston rod 334 is connected to the first piston 332.
  • the other end extends out of the first cylinder block 331 and is connected to one end of the first generator 304;
  • one side of the rodless cavity of the first cylinder block is provided with a first intake port 311-1 and a first exhaust port 311-2 ,
  • the first air inlet 311-1 is connected to the heat exchange unit 302, and the first air outlet 311-2 is connected to the circulating water tank 301;
  • the second cylinder includes a second cylinder block 337, a second piston 338, a second piston rod 339, and a second piston rod 339 installed in the second cylinder block 337.
  • One end of the second piston rod 339 is connected to the second piston 338, and the other One end extends out of the second cylinder block 337 and is connected to the other end of the first generator 304;
  • the second cylinder block 337 is provided with a second intake port 311-3 and a second exhaust port 311- on the side with the rod cavity. 4.
  • the second air inlet 311-3 is connected to the heat exchange unit 302, and the second air outlet 311-4 is connected to the circulating water tank 301.
  • the specific selection of the structure of the power generating device can be optimized according to the working conditions and usage scenarios.
  • a single set of piston engines is provided to drive the operation of the power generating device
  • the present invention can also be provided with multiple sets of piston engines to drive the operation of the power generating device. That is, the piston engines are arranged in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of engines simultaneously drive multiple groups of cranks to rotate, and the multiple groups of cranks are installed on the same output shaft, and the output shaft is connected to the engine. This can improve the operating reliability of the power generation device and at the same time increase the power generation efficiency.
  • the rod cavity of the first cylinder and the rodless cavity of the second cylinder may be connected to the first vacuum pump P1 and the second vacuum pump P2, as shown in FIG. 9 , As shown in Figure 10.
  • the corresponding vacuum pump also starts to work at the same time, pumping the corresponding chamber to a negative pressure state.
  • this embodiment is based on the first embodiment, replacing the steam turbine system 3 of the steam power generation system with the ORC system 4 (that is, the organic Rankine cycle system):
  • the ORC system 4 (ie, organic Rankine cycle system) includes a condenser 401, an evaporator 402, a second generator 403, a turbo expander 404, and a liquid pump 405. Part of the gas discharged from the regenerator 101 of the gas turbine system 1 is delivered to the evaporator 402, while the condenser 401 delivers the condensed water to the evaporator 402 through the liquid pump 405. In the evaporator 402, the condensed water absorbs the heat in the exhaust gas and is The evaporator 402 is gasified to form high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam passes through the turbo expander 404 to drive the second generator 403 to generate electricity. The high-pressure steam becomes atmospheric steam or a water-steam mixture after doing work and enters the condenser 401 to realize recycling. Therefore, the heat in the exhaust gas of the regenerator 101 is effectively used, and the overall efficiency of the cycle is improved.
  • a condenser 401 Part of the gas discharged from the regenerator
  • the motor 103 drives the air compressor 102 to work.
  • the outside air is passed into the air compressor 102, and then passed into the regenerator 101 after being compressed.
  • the temperature of the gas flowing out of the air compressor 102 is 100-300°C, preferably The ground is 200°C.
  • the gas flowing out of the regenerator 101 is divided into two paths, one path enters the evaporator 402 of the ORC system 4, and the other path enters the fuel cell system 2, and together with the fuel gas, it promotes the reaction start and maintenance of the fuel cell 201:
  • a part of the gas discharged from the regenerator 101 is sent to the evaporator 402, while the condenser 401 sends the condensed water to the evaporator 402 through the liquid pump 405.
  • the condensed water absorbs the heat in the exhaust gas and transfers it to the evaporator.
  • the gasification inside 402 forms high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam passes through the turbo expander 404 to drive the second generator 403 to generate electricity.
  • the high-pressure steam becomes atmospheric steam or a water-steam mixture after doing work and enters the condenser 401 to realize recycling.
  • the fuel cell 201 After the fuel cell 201 starts, it gradually generates heat and generates a small amount of electric energy.
  • the exhaust gas produced by it is passed into the air compressor 102, and the cycle is repeated until the fuel cell 201 reacts stably at the optimal temperature, and the gas temperature in the air compressor 102 also rises. And gradually stabilize, the output end gas enters the regenerator 101 to circulate.
  • the fuel cell generates heat after startup, and gradually rises to the optimal reaction temperature, and reacts stably at 800-950°C (preferably 900°C) to stably output electric energy; the exhaust gas produced is passed into the air compressor 102 The cycle is repeated, and at this time, the temperature at the outlet end of the air compressor 102 reaches 550°C-700°C, (preferably, 650°C); the temperature in the regenerator 101 is maintained at 500°C-600°C.
  • the steam power generation system in the three-combined system of this embodiment selects the ORC system.
  • the three-combined system can simultaneously solve the recovery problems of SOFC power generation waste heat and regenerator exhaust waste heat, and recycle the heat produced by each link in the system.
  • the recovery efficiency can reach 50%-80%.
  • an afterburner 202 is added on the basis of the third embodiment.
  • the afterburner 202 can be connected after the fuel cell 201 to prevent insufficient combustion.
  • the fuel cell 201 outputs electric energy and part of the gas that is not completely reacted is sent to the afterburner 202.
  • the gas is delivered from the outlet of the afterburner 202 to the intake end of the air compressor 102 for recycling.
  • the afterburner 202 adopts an existing afterburner, such as an afterburner.
  • the motor 103 drives the air compressor 102 to work.
  • the outside air is passed into the air compressor 102, and then passed into the regenerator 101 after being compressed.
  • the temperature of the gas flowing out of the air compressor 102 is 100-300°C, preferably The ground is 200°C.
  • the gas flowing out of the regenerator 101 is divided into two paths, one path enters the evaporator 402 of the ORC system 4, and the other path enters the fuel cell system 2, and together with the fuel gas, it promotes the reaction start and maintenance of the fuel cell 201:
  • a part of the gas discharged from the regenerator 101 is sent to the evaporator 402, while the condenser 401 sends the condensed water to the evaporator 402 through the liquid pump 405.
  • the condensed water absorbs the heat in the exhaust gas and transfers it to the evaporator.
  • the gasification inside 402 forms high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam passes through the turbo expander 404 to drive the second generator 403 to generate electricity.
  • the high-pressure steam becomes atmospheric steam or a water-steam mixture after doing work and enters the condenser 401 to realize recycling.
  • the fuel cell 201 After the fuel cell 201 is started, it gradually generates heat and a small amount of electrical energy.
  • the generated exhaust gas is passed into the afterburner 202, and the gas discharged from the afterburner 202 is passed into the air compressor 102, and the cycle is repeated until the fuel cell 201 is at the end.
  • Optimum temperature stabilizes the reaction, and the temperature of the gas in the air compressor 102 also rises and gradually stabilizes and enters the regenerator 101 to circulate.
  • the fuel cell 201 generates heat after startup, and gradually rises to the optimum temperature, and reacts stably at 800-950°C (preferably 900°C), stably outputting electric energy; the exhaust gas produced is passed into the air compressor 102 The cycle is repeated, and at this time, the temperature at the outlet end of the air compressor 102 reaches 550°C-700°C, (preferably, 650°C); the temperature in the regenerator 101 is maintained at 500°C-600°C.
  • the afterburner 202 is added to ensure the full combustion of fuel and improve the energy recovery rate.
  • a solar system 5 is added to the circulation system, see FIG. 13.
  • Fig. 13 adds the solar energy system 5 on the basis of the first embodiment, it should be understood that the solar energy system 5 of this embodiment is also applicable to the three combined cycle systems of other embodiments.
  • the solar reflector 501 reflects sunlight to the solar collector 502, and the solar collector 502 can be arranged inside or/and outside the entrance section or/and the middle section or/and the exit section of the regenerator 101. It can also be arranged at the entrance of the fuel cell 201 to connect to the regenerator 101.
  • a radial turbine can be selected as the air compressor 102 of the present invention.
  • the fuel cell 201 is a solid fuel cell (such as a carbonate fuel cell) or a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • the three combined cycle system of the present invention can be applied to vehicles or charging systems to further recover the output produced by the heating elements in the vehicles or charging systems.
  • the above-mentioned circulating water can first recover the heat generated by the drive motor, battery pack, and electrical components in the vehicle, and then enter the heat exchange unit for exchange. Heat is used to recover the heat emitted by the driving motor, battery pack, and electrical components of the delivery tool, thereby further improving the thermal efficiency of the circulation system of the present invention.
  • the above-mentioned circulating water can first recover the heat generated by the driving motor, battery pack, and electrical components in the charging system, and then enter the heat exchange Unit heat exchange, the charging system can be a charging car, a mobile charging station, etc.
  • the combined cycle system further includes an energy storage branch, that is, the electricity generated by the original system is used to electrolyze water and collect the electrolyzed product hydrogen.
  • the branch is connected to the combustion chamber. At that time, hydrogen can be burned as fuel to make the system work continuously and stably.
  • the compressed air can be temporarily stored and passed into the turbine to generate power when needed.

Abstract

A 3-in-1 combined circulation system, a transportation vehicle, and a charging system. The circulation system comprises: an air compressor system, comprising a heat regenerator (101), an electric motor (103), and an air compressor (102) connected to the electric motor (103), wherein an air inlet end of the air compressor (102) is connected to external air, and an air outlet end of the air compressor (102) is connected to an inlet of the heat regenerator (101); a fuel cell system, comprising a fuel cell (201), wherein an outlet of the heat regenerator (101) is connected to an inlet of the fuel cell and is for providing combustion gas to the fuel cell (201), and an exhaust outlet of the fuel cell (201) is connected to the air inlet end of the air compressor (102) and is for driving the air compressor (102) to rotate; and a steam electric power generation system, wherein the outlet of the heat regenerator (101) is connected to the steam electric power generation system, and is for providing a heat source to the steam electric power generation system. The system resolves issues arising in the recovery of electric power generation waste heat in an SOFC and recovery of exhaust waste heat of the heat regenerator (101) by recycling heat produced by each link in the system, thereby improving the efficiency of electric power generation and recovery of the entire system.

Description

一种三联合循环系统、交通工具、充电系统A three-combined cycle system, vehicle, and charging system 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及能量回收及利用技术领域，尤其涉及一种空压机、燃料电池和蒸汽发电三联合循环系统、交通工具、充电系统。The invention relates to the technical field of energy recovery and utilization, in particular to a three combined cycle system of air compressor, fuel cell and steam power generation, a vehicle, and a charging system.
背景技术Background technique
在发电系统中，可通过固体氧化物燃料电池进行发电。固体氧化物燃料电池(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell，简称SOFC)在高温下(800-1000℃)运行，具有以下特点：不需要使用贵金属催化剂；对燃料的适应性强，能在各种燃料情况下运行；使用全固态组件，不存在漏液、腐蚀问题；可以随意搭建，规模和安装地点灵活等。这些特点使燃料发电效率大大提高。由于反应时含有部分未完全反应的气相燃料，该部分气体本可继续燃烧产生热量，但却经常被当做废气进行排空或者燃烧处理，从而导致能源的浪费，也不利于环境保护。In the power generation system, solid oxide fuel cells can be used to generate electricity. Solid oxide fuel cell (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, referred to as SOFC) operates at high temperatures (800-1000°C) and has the following characteristics: no noble metal catalyst is required; it is highly adaptable to fuel and can operate under various fuel conditions ; Using all solid components, there is no leakage or corrosion; it can be built at will, and the scale and installation location are flexible. These characteristics greatly improve the efficiency of fuel power generation. Because part of the gas-phase fuel that is not completely reacted is contained during the reaction, this part of the gas can continue to burn to generate heat, but it is often used as exhaust gas for evacuating or burning, which leads to waste of energy and is not conducive to environmental protection.
因此，如何提高发电系统中热量循环利用和回收效率以提高发电系统的产电量是本领域技术人员亟需解决的一项技术问题。Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of heat recycling and recovery in the power generation system to increase the power output of the power generation system is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种空压机、燃料电池和蒸汽发电三联合循环系统、交通工具、充电系统，可同时解决SOFC发电余热和回热器排气余热的回收问题，将系统中各环节产出的热量循环利用，可提高整个系统的发电和回收效率。In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an air compressor, fuel cell and steam power generation three combined cycle system, vehicle, and charging system, which can simultaneously solve the problem of recovery of SOFC power generation waste heat and regenerator exhaust waste heat. , Recycling the heat produced by each link in the system can improve the power generation and recovery efficiency of the entire system.
本发明的技术方案如下：The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种三联合循环系统，包括：According to one aspect of the present invention, a three combined cycle system is provided, including:
空压机系统，包括回热器、电动机以及与电动机连接的空压机，所述空压机进气端接入外界气体，出气端连接回热器进口；The air compressor system includes a regenerator, an electric motor, and an air compressor connected to the electric motor. The air compressor is connected to the outside air at its inlet end and connected to the regenerator inlet at its outlet end;
燃料电池系统，包括燃料电池，所述回热器出口连接燃料电池进口用于为燃料电池提供燃烧气体，所述燃料电池尾气出口连接空压机进气端用于推动空压机旋转；The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, the outlet of the regenerator is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell for providing combustion gas for the fuel cell, and the exhaust outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the inlet end of the air compressor for driving the air compressor to rotate;
以及，蒸汽发电系统，所述回热器出口连接蒸汽发电系统用于为蒸汽发电系统提供热源。And, for a steam power generation system, the outlet of the regenerator is connected to the steam power generation system for providing a heat source for the steam power generation system.
进一步的，所述蒸汽发电系统为汽轮机系统；Further, the steam power generation system is a steam turbine system;
所述汽轮机系统包括换热单元、循环水箱、发动机以及第一发电机，所述回热器出口与换热单元进气口连接，所述换热单元的进水口与循环水箱的出水口连接，换热单元的蒸汽出口与发动机连接用于为发动机提供做功蒸汽，所述发动机连接第一发电机用于驱动第一发电机发电，所述循环水箱连接发动机用于回收做功蒸汽做功后转化成的水或者水汽混合物。The steam turbine system includes a heat exchange unit, a circulating water tank, an engine, and a first generator, the outlet of the regenerator is connected with the air inlet of the heat exchange unit, and the water inlet of the heat exchange unit is connected with the water outlet of the circulating water tank, The steam outlet of the heat exchange unit is connected with the engine to provide working steam for the engine, the engine is connected to the first generator to drive the first generator to generate electricity, and the circulating water tank is connected to the engine to recover the working steam and convert it into Water or water-vapor mixture.
进一步的，所述发动机为单侧进气弹簧复位式活塞发动机或双侧进气式活塞发动机或水平对置的双缸控制式活塞发动机；Further, the engine is a single-side intake spring return type piston engine or a double-side intake type piston engine or a horizontally opposed two-cylinder controlled piston engine;
所述单侧进气弹簧复位式活塞发动机包括：The unilateral air intake spring return type piston engine includes:
气缸缸体、活塞、弹簧、活塞杆、曲柄滑块机构以及输出轴；Cylinder block, piston, spring, piston rod, crank slider mechanism and output shaft;
其中，所述活塞安装于气缸缸体内，活塞杆一端连接活塞，另一端伸出气缸缸体并与曲柄滑块机构连接，曲柄滑块机构连接输出轴，输出轴连接第一发电机；Wherein, the piston is installed in the cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is connected to the piston, the other end extends out of the cylinder body and is connected to the crank slider mechanism, the crank slider mechanism is connected to the output shaft, and the output shaft is connected to the first generator;
气缸缸体的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口，第一排气口，第一进气口连接换热单元，第一排气口连接循环水箱，气缸缸体的有杆腔一侧设置弹簧，用于活塞做功后的复位；The rodless cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a first air inlet, a first air outlet, the first air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, the first air outlet is connected to the circulating water tank, and the cylinder block has a rod cavity. A spring is set on the side to reset the piston after it has done work;
所述双侧进气式活塞发动机包括：The double-side air-intake piston engine includes:
气缸缸体、活塞、活塞杆、曲柄滑块机构以及输出轴；Cylinder block, piston, piston rod, crank slider mechanism and output shaft;
其中，所述活塞安装于气缸缸体内，活塞杆一端连接活塞，另一端伸出气缸缸体并与曲柄滑块机构连接，曲柄滑块机构连接输出轴，输出轴连接第一发电机；Wherein, the piston is installed in the cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is connected to the piston, the other end extends out of the cylinder body and is connected to the crank slider mechanism, the crank slider mechanism is connected to the output shaft, and the output shaft is connected to the first generator;
气缸缸体的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口，第一排气口，气缸缸体的有杆腔一侧设置有第二进气口，第二排气口，第一进气口、第二进气口连接换热单元，第一排气口、第二排气口连接循环水箱；The rodless cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a first intake port, a first exhaust port, and the rod cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a second intake port, a second exhaust port, and a first intake port. The second air inlet and the second air inlet are connected to the heat exchange unit, and the first air outlet and the second air outlet are connected to the circulating water tank;
所述水平对置的双缸控制式活塞发动机包括：The horizontally opposed dual-cylinder controlled piston engine includes:
曲柄滑块机构和相对设置于曲柄滑块机构两侧的第一气缸和第二气缸；A crank slider mechanism and a first cylinder and a second cylinder opposite to the crank slider mechanism;
其中，曲柄滑块机构为双滑块结构，其包括曲柄、第一滑块、第一连接杆，第二滑块，第二连接杆以及输出轴；输出轴连接第一发电机，输出轴穿设于于曲柄的中心，第一连接的一端、第二连接杆的一端分别连接于曲柄的两个端面，且连接点分布于输出轴的两侧，第一连接杆的另一端连接第一滑块、第二连接杆的另一端连接第二滑块；Among them, the crank slider mechanism is a double slider structure, which includes a crank, a first slider, a first connecting rod, a second slider, a second connecting rod, and an output shaft; the output shaft is connected to the first generator, and the output shaft passes through Set at the center of the crank, one end of the first connecting rod and one end of the second connecting rod are respectively connected to the two end faces of the crank, and the connecting points are distributed on both sides of the output shaft. The other end of the first connecting rod is connected to the first sliding shaft. The other end of the block and the second connecting rod is connected to the second slider;
第一气缸包括第一气缸缸体，第一活塞，第一活塞杆，第一活塞安装于第一气缸缸体内，第一活塞杆一端连接第一活塞，另一端伸出第一气缸缸体并与第一 滑块连接；第一气缸缸体的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口、第一排气口，第一进气口连接换热单元，第一排气口连接循环水箱；The first cylinder includes a first cylinder block, a first piston, and a first piston rod. The first piston is installed in the first cylinder block. One end of the first piston rod is connected to the first piston, and the other end extends out of the first cylinder block. And connected with the first slider; the rodless cavity side of the first cylinder block is provided with a first air inlet and a first air outlet, the first air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, and the first air outlet is connected to the circulation Water tank
第二气缸包括第二气缸缸体、第二活塞、第二活塞杆、第二活塞杆安装于第二气缸缸体内，第二活塞杆一端连接第二活塞，另一端伸出第二气缸缸体并与第二滑块连接；第二气缸缸体的有杆腔一侧设置有第二进气口，第二排气口，第二进气口连接换热单元，第二排气口连接循环水箱。The second cylinder includes a second cylinder block, a second piston, a second piston rod, and a second piston rod installed in the second cylinder block. One end of the second piston rod is connected to the second piston, and the other end extends out of the second cylinder cylinder. Body and connected with the second slider; the second cylinder block is provided with a second air inlet and a second air outlet on the rod cavity side, the second air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, and the second air outlet is connected Circulating water tank.
进一步的，所述第一发电机为直线发电机，所述发动机为单侧进气弹簧复位式活塞发动机或双侧进气式活塞发动机或水平对置的双缸控制式活塞发动机；Further, the first generator is a linear generator, and the engine is a single-side intake spring return type piston engine or a double-side intake type piston engine or a horizontally opposed two-cylinder control type piston engine;
所述单侧进气弹簧复位式活塞发动机包括：The unilateral air intake spring return type piston engine includes:
气缸缸体、活塞、弹簧、活塞杆；Cylinder block, piston, spring, piston rod;
其中，所述活塞安装于气缸缸体内，活塞杆一端连接活塞，另一端伸出气缸缸体并连接所述直线电机；Wherein, the piston is installed in the cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is connected to the piston, and the other end extends out of the cylinder body and is connected to the linear motor;
气缸缸体的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口，第一排气口，第一进气口连接换热单元，第一排气口连接循环水箱，气缸缸体的有杆腔一侧设置弹簧，用于活塞做功后的复位；The rodless cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a first air inlet, a first air outlet, the first air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, the first air outlet is connected to the circulating water tank, and the cylinder block has a rod cavity. A spring is set on the side to reset the piston after it has done work;
所述双侧进气式活塞发动机包括：The double-side air-intake piston engine includes:
气缸缸体、活塞、活塞杆；Cylinder block, piston, piston rod;
其中，所述活塞安装于气缸缸体内，活塞杆一端连接活塞，另一端伸出气缸缸体并连接所述直线电机；Wherein, the piston is installed in the cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is connected to the piston, and the other end extends out of the cylinder body and is connected to the linear motor;
气缸缸体的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口，第一排气口，气缸缸体的有杆腔一侧设置有第二进气口，第二排气口，第一进气口、第二进气口连接换热单元，第一排气口、第二排气口连接循环水箱；The rodless cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a first intake port, a first exhaust port, and the rod cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a second intake port, a second exhaust port, and a first intake port. The second air inlet and the second air inlet are connected to the heat exchange unit, and the first air outlet and the second air outlet are connected to the circulating water tank;
所述水平对置的双缸控制式活塞发动机包括：The horizontally opposed dual-cylinder controlled piston engine includes:
第一气缸、第二气缸；The first cylinder, the second cylinder;
其中，第一气缸包括第一气缸缸体，第一活塞，第一活塞杆，第一活塞安装于第一气缸缸体内，第一活塞杆一端连接第一活塞，另一端伸出第一气缸缸体并与所述直线第一发电机端连接；第一气缸缸体的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口、第一排气口，第一进气口连接换热单元，第一排气口连接循环水箱；The first cylinder includes a first cylinder block, a first piston, and a first piston rod. The first piston is installed in the first cylinder block. One end of the first piston rod is connected to the first piston, and the other end extends out of the first cylinder. The cylinder block is connected to the linear first generator end; the rodless cavity side of the first cylinder block is provided with a first intake port and a first exhaust port. The first intake port is connected to the heat exchange unit. An exhaust port is connected to the circulating water tank;
第二气缸包括第二气缸缸体、第二活塞、第二活塞杆、第二活塞杆安装于第二气缸缸体内，第二活塞杆一端连接第二活塞，另一端伸出第二气缸缸体并与所 述直线电机另一端连接；第二气缸缸体的有杆腔一侧设置有第二进气口，第二排气口，第二进气口连接换热单元，第二排气口连接循环水箱。The second cylinder includes a second cylinder block, a second piston, a second piston rod, and a second piston rod installed in the second cylinder block. One end of the second piston rod is connected to the second piston, and the other end extends out of the second cylinder cylinder. The second cylinder block is connected to the other end of the linear motor; a second air inlet and a second air outlet are provided on the rod cavity side of the second cylinder block. The second air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, and the second air outlet口Connect the circulating water tank.
进一步的，所述蒸汽发电系统为有机朗肯循环系统；Further, the steam power generation system is an organic Rankine cycle system;
所述有机朗肯循环系统包括冷凝器、蒸发器、第二发电机、透平膨胀机以及液体泵，所述回热器出口与蒸发器进气口连接，所述冷凝器通过液体泵连接蒸发器的进水口，所述蒸发器的蒸汽出口与透平膨胀机连接用于为透平膨胀机提供做功蒸汽，所述透平膨胀机连接第二发电机用于驱动第二发电机发电，所述冷凝器连接透平膨胀机用于回收做功蒸汽做功后转化成的水或者水汽混合物。The organic Rankine cycle system includes a condenser, an evaporator, a second generator, a turbo expander, and a liquid pump. The outlet of the regenerator is connected to the inlet of the evaporator, and the condenser is connected to evaporate through the liquid pump. The steam outlet of the evaporator is connected with a turboexpander to provide working steam for the turboexpander, and the turboexpander is connected to a second generator for driving the second generator to generate electricity. The condenser is connected to a turbo expander for recovering the water or water-steam mixture converted into the working steam after the work is done.
进一步的，所述燃料电池系统还包括补燃器；Further, the fuel cell system further includes an afterburner;
所述燃料电池尾气出口连接所述补燃器，所述补燃器出气口连接空压机进气端。The fuel cell tail gas outlet is connected to the afterburner, and the afterburner gas outlet is connected to the air compressor inlet.
进一步的，还包括太阳能系统；Further, it also includes solar energy systems;
所述太阳能系统包括太阳能收集装置以及用于将太阳光反射到太阳能收集的太阳能反射镜，所述太阳能反射镜设置在回热器内部或/和外部的入口段或和中段或/和出口段或燃料电池用于连接回热器的入口处。The solar energy system includes a solar energy collection device and a solar energy reflector for reflecting sunlight to the solar energy collection, and the solar energy reflector is arranged at the entrance section or the middle section or/and the exit section inside or/and outside of the regenerator. The fuel cell is used to connect to the inlet of the regenerator.
进一步的，所述空压机为径流式涡轮，所述燃料电池为固体燃料电池或质子交换膜燃料电池。Further, the air compressor is a radial turbine, and the fuel cell is a solid fuel cell or a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
根据本发明另一方面，提供一种交通工具，包括上述的三联合循环系统；According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including the above-mentioned three combined cycle system;
所述三联合循环系统的蒸汽发电系统连接交通工具中的发热元件，用于回收发热元件所散发的热量。The steam power generation system of the three-combined cycle system is connected to the heating element in the vehicle, and is used to recover the heat emitted by the heating element.
根据本发明另一方面，提供一种充电系统，包括上述的三联合循环系统；According to another aspect of the present invention, a charging system is provided, including the above-mentioned three combined cycle system;
所述三联合循环系统的蒸汽发电系统连接充电系统中的发热元件，用于回收发热元件所散发的热量。The steam power generation system of the three combined cycle system is connected to the heating element in the charging system, and is used to recover the heat emitted by the heating element.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1.本发明提供的空压机、燃料电池和蒸汽发电三联合循环系统是一种三联合系统，其可以同时解决SOFC发电余热和回热器排气余热的回收问题，将系统中各环节产出的热量循环利用，其回收效率可达到50％-80％；该三联合系统中的蒸汽发电系统可选择汽轮机系统或者ORC系统(有机朗肯循环系统)，通用性强。1. The three combined cycle system of air compressor, fuel cell and steam power generation provided by the present invention is a three combined system, which can simultaneously solve the problem of recovery of waste heat of SOFC power generation and exhaust heat of regenerator, and produce various links in the system. The heat recovery efficiency can reach 50%-80%; the steam power generation system in the three-combined system can be a steam turbine system or an ORC system (Organic Rankine Cycle System), which has strong versatility.
2.本发明的燃料电池产生的高温高压尾气通入空压机，既可以推动空压机旋转而分担驱动电机的压力，也可以作为回收气重新通入空压机参与循环，节约能源并且效 率高，本发明的空压机不只起到压气作用，还处于循环链中参与循环，使驱动电机做功减少。2. The high-temperature and high-pressure tail gas produced by the fuel cell of the present invention is passed into the air compressor, which can not only drive the air compressor to rotate and share the pressure of the drive motor, but also can be used as recycled gas to re-enter the air compressor to participate in the cycle, saving energy and efficiency High, the air compressor of the present invention not only plays the role of air compression, but also participates in the circulation in the circulation chain, so that the work of the driving motor is reduced.
3.低温冷启动是影响燃料电池商业化应用的重要因素之一，本发明将燃料电池置于一整套循环系统之中，可以使燃料电池在回热器出气温度达到一个合适的值时才启动，使燃料电池被充分利用，节约资源，使用效率高，利于商业化。3. Cold start at low temperature is one of the important factors that affect the commercial application of fuel cells. The present invention puts the fuel cell in a complete cycle system, which can make the fuel cell start only when the temperature of the outlet gas from the regenerator reaches an appropriate value. , So that the fuel cell is fully utilized, resources are saved, and the use efficiency is high, which is conducive to commercialization.
4.本发明的三联合循环系统可应用于交通工具或发电系统中，通过蒸汽发电系统的循环水可进一步回收交通工具或发电系统中发热元件的热量，例如发动机壳体、电池组，发电机散发的热量等。4. The three combined cycle system of the present invention can be applied to vehicles or power generation systems. The circulating water of the steam power generation system can further recover the heat of the heating elements in the vehicles or power generation systems, such as engine casings, battery packs, and generators. The heat emitted, etc.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明的循环系统实施例一的工作示意图；Figure 1 is a working schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the circulatory system of the present invention;
图2是本发明的循环系统实施例二的工作示意图；Figure 2 is a working schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the circulatory system of the present invention;
图3是本发明的发动机结构一示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the engine structure of the present invention;
图4是本发明的发动机结构二示意图；Figure 4 is a second schematic diagram of the engine structure of the present invention;
图5是本发明的发动机结构三示意图；Figure 5 is three schematic diagrams of the engine structure of the present invention;
图6是本发明的发动机结构四示意图；Figure 6 is a fourth schematic diagram of the engine structure of the present invention;
图7是本发明的发动机结构五示意图；Figure 7 is a five schematic diagram of the engine structure of the present invention;
图8是本发明的发动机结构六示意图；Figure 8 is a sixth schematic diagram of the engine structure of the present invention;
图9是本发明图5设置真空泵时结构示意图；9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when the vacuum pump is set in FIG. 5;
图10是本发明图8设置真空泵时结构示意图；Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when the vacuum pump is set in Fig. 8;
图11是本发明的循环系统实施例三的工作示意图；Figure 11 is a working schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the circulatory system of the present invention;
图12是本发明的循环系统实施例四的工作示意图；Figure 12 is a working schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of the circulatory system of the present invention;
图13是本发明的循环系统实施例五的工作示意图。Fig. 13 is a working schematic diagram of Embodiment 5 of the circulatory system of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了更好的了解本发明的技术方案，下面结合具体实施例、说明书附图对本发明作进一步说明。In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings of the specification.
实施例一Example one
本实施例提供一种空压机、燃料电池和蒸汽发电三联合循环系统，如图1所示。This embodiment provides a three combined cycle system of air compressor, fuel cell and steam power generation, as shown in FIG. 1.
本实施例的空压机、燃料电池和蒸汽发电三联合循环系统包括：The three combined cycle system of air compressor, fuel cell and steam power generation in this embodiment includes:
空压机系统，包括空压机102，空压机102进气端接入外界气体，其出气端连接回热器101进口，空压机102由电动机103带动。The air compressor system includes an air compressor 102. The inlet end of the air compressor 102 is connected with external air, and the outlet end of the air compressor 102 is connected to the inlet of the regenerator 101. The air compressor 102 is driven by a motor 103.
燃料电池系统2，包括燃料电池201。回热器101出口连接至燃料电池201，为燃料电池201提供燃烧所需的高温气体，燃料电池201输出端输出电能，其产生的高温高压尾气一方面推动空压机102旋转、一方面作为循环气体通入空压机102，此时电动机103输出少量功率即可带动空压机102工作，节约能量。The fuel cell system 2 includes a fuel cell 201. The outlet of the regenerator 101 is connected to the fuel cell 201 to provide the fuel cell 201 with high-temperature gas required for combustion. The output end of the fuel cell 201 outputs electrical energy. The high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas generated by it pushes the air compressor 102 to rotate on the one hand, and acts as a cycle on the other hand. The gas is passed into the air compressor 102, and at this time, the motor 103 outputs a small amount of power to drive the air compressor 102 to work, saving energy.
蒸汽发电系统，选用汽轮机系统3，包括换热单元302、循环水箱301、发动机303、第一发电机304，回热器101排出的一部分气体输送到换热单元302，同时循环水箱301将循环水输送到换热单元302，在换热单元302内，循环水吸收尾气中的热量并在换热单元302内气化形成高压蒸汽，高压蒸汽进入发动机303做功驱动第一发电机304发电。高压蒸汽做功后成为常压蒸汽或者水汽混合物冷却后进入循环水箱301，以实现循环利用。从而有效利用了回热器101的排气中的热量，提高循环系统整体效率。The steam power generation system uses the steam turbine system 3, which includes a heat exchange unit 302, a circulating water tank 301, an engine 303, and a first generator 304. Part of the gas discharged from the regenerator 101 is sent to the heat exchange unit 302, while the circulating water tank 301 transfers the circulating water It is sent to the heat exchange unit 302. In the heat exchange unit 302, the circulating water absorbs the heat in the exhaust gas and vaporizes in the heat exchange unit 302 to form high-pressure steam. The high-pressure steam enters the engine 303 to drive the first generator 304 to generate electricity. The high-pressure steam becomes atmospheric steam or a water-steam mixture after performing work, and then enters the circulating water tank 301 to realize recycling. Thus, the heat in the exhaust gas of the regenerator 101 is effectively used, and the overall efficiency of the circulation system is improved.
进一步地，本实施例的循环过程为：Further, the cycle process of this embodiment is:
1.电动机103带动空压机102工作，外界气体通入空压机102，经压缩后通入回热器101内，此时从空压机102中流出的气体温度为100-300℃，优选地，为200℃。1. The motor 103 drives the air compressor 102 to work. The outside air is passed into the air compressor 102, and then passed into the regenerator 101 after being compressed. At this time, the temperature of the gas flowing out of the air compressor 102 is 100-300°C, preferably The ground is 200°C.
2.从回热器101中流出的气体分为两路，一路进入汽轮机系统3的换热单元302中，另一路进入燃料电池系统2中，与燃料气一起促使燃料电池201的反应启动及维持：2. The gas flowing out of the regenerator 101 is divided into two paths, one enters the heat exchange unit 302 of the steam turbine system 3, and the other enters the fuel cell system 2, and together with the fuel gas, it promotes the reaction of the fuel cell 201 to start and maintain :
1)回热器101排出的一部分气体输送到换热单元302，同时循环水箱301将循环水输送到换热单元302，在换热单元302内，循环水吸收尾气中的热量并在换热单元302内气化形成高压蒸汽，高压蒸汽进入发动机303做功带动第一发电机304发电。高压蒸汽做功后成为常压蒸汽或者水汽混合物进入循环水箱301，以实现循环利用。1) Part of the gas discharged from the regenerator 101 is delivered to the heat exchange unit 302, while the circulating water tank 301 delivers the circulating water to the heat exchange unit 302. In the heat exchange unit 302, the circulating water absorbs the heat in the exhaust gas and transfers it to the heat exchange unit. The gasification inside 302 forms high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam enters the engine 303 to perform work to drive the first generator 304 to generate electricity. The high-pressure steam becomes atmospheric steam or a water-steam mixture after doing work and enters the circulating water tank 301 to realize recycling.
2)燃料电池201启动后，逐渐产生热量并产生少部分电能，其产生的尾气通入空压机102，重复循环直至燃料电池201在最佳温度稳定反应，空压机102内气体温度也上升并逐渐稳定，输出端气体进入回热器101内循环。该步骤中，燃料电池201启动后产生热量，并逐渐升至最佳反应温度，在800-950℃稳定反应，(优选地，为900℃)，稳定输出电能；产生的尾气通入空压机102重复循环， 此时空压机102出气端温度达到550℃-700℃，(优选地，为650℃)；回热器101中的温度保持在500℃-600℃。2) After the fuel cell 201 starts, it gradually generates heat and generates a small amount of electric energy. The exhaust gas produced by it is passed into the air compressor 102, and the cycle is repeated until the fuel cell 201 reacts stably at the optimal temperature, and the gas temperature in the air compressor 102 also rises. And gradually stabilize, the output end gas enters the regenerator 101 to circulate. In this step, the fuel cell 201 generates heat after starting, and gradually rises to the optimal reaction temperature, and reacts stably at 800-950°C, (preferably, 900°C), stably outputting electric energy; the exhaust gas produced is passed into the air compressor 102 repeats the cycle. At this time, the temperature at the outlet end of the air compressor 102 reaches 550°C-700°C, (preferably, 650°C); the temperature in the regenerator 101 is maintained at 500°C-600°C.
本实施例的三联合系统中的蒸汽发电系统选择汽轮机系统，本三联合系统可以同时解决SOFC发电余热和回热器排气余热的回收问题，将系统中各环节产出的热量循环利用，其回收效率可达到50％-80％。The steam power generation system in the three-combined system of this embodiment selects a steam turbine system. The three-combined system can simultaneously solve the problem of recovery of SOFC power generation waste heat and regenerator exhaust waste heat, and recycle the heat produced by each link in the system. The recovery efficiency can reach 50%-80%.
实施例二Example two
本实施例与实施例一不同之处在于，在实施例一的基础上增加了补燃器202。The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that an afterburner 202 is added on the basis of the first embodiment.
参见图2，燃料电池201后可以连接补燃器202，以防止燃烧不充分，燃料电池201输出电能，且其未完全反应的部分气体输送至补燃器202，补燃器202内产生燃烧反应后，尾气自补燃器202出口输送至空压机102进气端循环利用。Referring to Figure 2, after the fuel cell 201, an afterburner 202 can be connected to prevent insufficient combustion. The fuel cell 201 outputs electric energy, and part of its incompletely reacted gas is sent to the afterburner 202, and a combustion reaction occurs in the afterburner 202. After that, the exhaust gas is transported from the outlet of the afterburner 202 to the intake end of the air compressor 102 for recycling.
进一步地，所述补燃器202采用现有补燃装置，如补燃炉等。Further, the afterburner 202 adopts an existing afterburner, such as an afterburner.
本实施例的循环过程为：The cycle process of this embodiment is:
1.电动机103带动空压机102工作，外界气体通入空压机102，经压缩后通入回热器101内，此时从空压机102中流出的气体温度为100-300℃，优选地，为200℃。1. The motor 103 drives the air compressor 102 to work. The outside air is passed into the air compressor 102, and then passed into the regenerator 101 after being compressed. At this time, the temperature of the gas flowing out of the air compressor 102 is 100-300°C, preferably The ground is 200°C.
2.从回热器101中流出的气体分为两路，一路进入汽轮机系统3的换热单元302中，另一路进入燃料电池系统2中，和燃料气一起促使燃料电池201的反应启动及维持：2. The gas flowing out of the regenerator 101 is divided into two paths, one enters the heat exchange unit 302 of the steam turbine system 3, and the other enters the fuel cell system 2, and together with the fuel gas, it promotes the reaction start and maintenance of the fuel cell 201 :
1)回热器101排出的一部分气体输送到换热单元302，同时循环水箱301将循环水输送到换热单元302，在换热单元302内，循环水吸收尾气中的热量并在换热单元302内气化形成高压蒸汽，高压蒸汽进入发动机303做功带动第一发电机304发电。高压蒸汽做功后成为常压蒸汽或者水汽混合物冷却后进入循环水箱301，以实现循环利用。1) Part of the gas discharged from the regenerator 101 is delivered to the heat exchange unit 302, while the circulating water tank 301 delivers the circulating water to the heat exchange unit 302. In the heat exchange unit 302, the circulating water absorbs the heat in the exhaust gas and transfers it to the heat exchange unit. The gasification inside 302 forms high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam enters the engine 303 to perform work to drive the first generator 304 to generate electricity. The high-pressure steam becomes atmospheric steam or a water-steam mixture after performing work, and then enters the circulating water tank 301 to realize recycling.
2)燃料电池201启动后，逐渐产生热量并产生少部分电能，产生的尾气通入补燃器202，补燃器202中排出的气体通入空压机102，空压机102内气体温度上升并逐渐稳定，出气端气体进入回热器101内循环。该步骤中，燃料电池201启动后产生热量，并逐渐升至最佳温度，在800-950℃稳定反应，(优选地，为900℃)，稳定输出电能；未反应完全的气体通入补燃器202进一步反应，补燃器202产生的尾气通入空压机102重复循环，此时空压机102出气端温度达到550℃-700℃，(优选地，为650℃)；回热器101中的温度保持在500℃-600℃。2) After the fuel cell 201 is started, it gradually generates heat and generates a small amount of electrical energy. The generated exhaust gas is passed into the afterburner 202, and the gas discharged from the afterburner 202 is passed into the air compressor 102, and the temperature of the gas in the air compressor 102 rises. And gradually stabilize, the gas at the outlet end enters the regenerator 101 to circulate. In this step, the fuel cell 201 generates heat after startup, and gradually rises to the optimal temperature, and reacts stably at 800-950°C (preferably, 900°C), stably outputting electric energy; unreacted gas is introduced into supplemental combustion The reactor 202 further reacts, and the tail gas produced by the afterburner 202 is passed into the air compressor 102 to repeat the cycle. At this time, the temperature at the outlet end of the air compressor 102 reaches 550°C-700°C, (preferably, 650°C); in the regenerator 101 The temperature is maintained at 500℃-600℃.
本实施例，通过增加补燃器202的方式，以保证燃料的充分燃烧，提高能量回收率。In this embodiment, the afterburner 202 is added to ensure the full combustion of fuel and improve the energy recovery rate.
进一步的，本发明实施例一和实施例二中的发动机303可以采用活塞发动机。活塞发动机的结构可以通过多种结构实现，例如、但不限于以下几种结构。Further, the engine 303 in the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention may adopt a piston engine. The structure of the piston engine can be realized by a variety of structures, for example, but not limited to the following structures.
结构一：Structure one:
本结构中，发动机303采用单侧进气弹簧复位式活塞发动机310。如图3所示，其包括气缸缸体311，活塞312，弹簧313，活塞杆314，曲柄滑块机构315以及输出轴316，活塞312安装于气缸缸体311内，活塞杆314一端连接活塞312，另一端伸出气缸缸体311并与曲柄滑块机构315连接，曲柄滑块机构315连接输出轴316，气缸缸体311的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口311-1，第一排气口311-2，第一进气口311-1连接换热单元302，第一排气口311-2连接循环水箱301，输出轴316连接第一发电机304；气缸缸体311的有杆腔一侧设置有弹簧313，用于活塞312做功后的复位。In this structure, the engine 303 adopts a single-side intake spring return type piston engine 310. As shown in Figure 3, it includes a cylinder block 311, a piston 312, a spring 313, a piston rod 314, a crank slider mechanism 315 and an output shaft 316. The piston 312 is installed in the cylinder block 311, and one end of the piston rod 314 is connected to the piston 312 The other end extends out of the cylinder block 311 and is connected to the crank slider mechanism 315. The crank slider mechanism 315 is connected to the output shaft 316. The rodless cavity side of the cylinder block 311 is provided with a first air inlet 311-1. An exhaust port 311-2, the first intake port 311-1 is connected to the heat exchange unit 302, the first exhaust port 311-2 is connected to the circulating water tank 301, and the output shaft 316 is connected to the first generator 304; A spring 313 is provided on one side of the rod cavity for resetting the piston 312 after working.
作为优选，可在第一进气口311-1，第一排气口311-2、与气缸缸体311之间设置开关阀321，根据活塞发动机的具体工作状态控制开关阀321的通断，以实现对活塞发动机动作的控制。Preferably, an on-off valve 321 can be provided between the first intake port 311-1, the first exhaust port 311-2, and the cylinder block 311, and the on-off valve 321 can be controlled according to the specific working state of the piston engine. In order to realize the control of piston engine action.
具体地，开关阀321可以是机械式开关阀或者电动式开关阀。其中电动式开关阀从原理上讲，较为简单，仅需满足高频通断即可，但是其需要能够承受较高的温度和压力；机械式开关阀，则需要结合本身活塞的运动，彼此之间进行联动，省去了程序控制的频率限制，但其结构上会稍复杂一些。Specifically, the on-off valve 321 may be a mechanical on-off valve or an electric on-off valve. Among them, the electric on-off valve is relatively simple in principle. It only needs to meet the high-frequency on-off, but it needs to be able to withstand higher temperatures and pressures; the mechanical on-off valve needs to combine the movement of its own piston. Interaction between the two, eliminating the frequency limit of program control, but its structure will be a little more complicated.
工作状态下，高压蒸汽由换热单元302经第一进气口311-1进入活塞发动机的无杆腔，推动活塞312做直线运动，活塞312通过曲柄连杆机构315将活塞312的直线运动转化为输出轴316的旋转运动，输出轴316带动第一发电机304发电；做功后，弹簧313推动活塞312复位，活塞发动机的无杆腔内的乏气或者汽水混合物经第一排气口311-2进入循环水箱301循环使用。In the working state, the high-pressure steam enters the rodless cavity of the piston engine from the heat exchange unit 302 through the first air inlet 311-1, pushing the piston 312 to move linearly, and the piston 312 converts the linear motion of the piston 312 through the crank connecting rod mechanism 315 In order to rotate the output shaft 316, the output shaft 316 drives the first generator 304 to generate electricity; after doing work, the spring 313 pushes the piston 312 to reset, and the exhaust gas or steam-water mixture in the rodless cavity of the piston engine passes through the first exhaust port 311- 2 Enter the circulating water tank 301 for recycling.
结构二：Structure 2:
本结构中，发动机303采用双侧进气的活塞发动机320。如图4所示，其在结构一的基础上，省去弹簧313，同时在气缸缸体311的有杆腔一侧设置有第二进气口311-3，第二排气口311-4，第二进气口311-3连接换热单元302，第二排气口311-4连接循环水箱301，其它结构与结构一相同，在此不做重复说明和标 注。In this structure, the engine 303 adopts a piston engine 320 with double-side air intake. As shown in Figure 4, on the basis of structure 1, the spring 313 is omitted, and at the same time, a second air inlet 311-3 and a second air outlet 311-4 are provided on the side of the cylinder block 311 with the rod cavity. , The second air inlet 311-3 is connected to the heat exchange unit 302, and the second air outlet 311-4 is connected to the circulating water tank 301. The other structure is the same as that of the first structure, and repeated description and labeling are omitted here.
工作状态下，高压蒸汽由换热单元302经第一进气口311-1进入活塞发动机的无杆腔，推动活塞312做直线运动，活塞312通过曲柄连杆机构315将活塞312的直线运动转化为输出轴316的旋转运动，输出轴316带动第一发电机304；做功后，高压蒸汽经第二进气口311-3进入活塞发动机的有杆腔，推动活塞312向无杆腔一侧运动，活塞发动机的无杆腔内的乏气或者汽水混合物经第一排气口311-2进入循环水箱301，然后进入下一个循环周期，高压蒸汽经第一进气口311-1进入活塞发动机的无杆腔，推动活塞312做功，活塞发动机有杆腔内的乏气或者汽水混合物经第二排气口311-4进入循环水箱301循环。In the working state, the high-pressure steam enters the rodless cavity of the piston engine from the heat exchange unit 302 through the first air inlet 311-1, pushing the piston 312 to move linearly, and the piston 312 converts the linear motion of the piston 312 through the crank connecting rod mechanism 315 In order to rotate the output shaft 316, the output shaft 316 drives the first generator 304; after doing work, the high-pressure steam enters the rod cavity of the piston engine through the second air inlet 311-3, pushing the piston 312 to the rodless cavity side , The exhaust gas or steam-water mixture in the rodless cavity of the piston engine enters the circulating water tank 301 through the first exhaust port 311-2, and then enters the next cycle, and the high-pressure steam enters the piston engine through the first intake port 311-1 The rodless cavity pushes the piston 312 to do work. The exhaust gas or steam-water mixture in the rod cavity of the piston engine enters the circulating water tank 301 through the second exhaust port 311-4 to circulate.
作为优选，可在第一进气口311-1，第一排气口311-2、第二进气口311-3，第二排气口311-4与气缸缸体311之间设置开关阀321，根据活塞发动机的具体工作状态控制开关阀321的通断，以实现活塞发动机往复运动的控制；开关阀321可以是机械式开关阀或者电动式开关阀。Preferably, a switch valve may be provided between the first air inlet 311-1, the first air outlet 311-2, the second air inlet 311-3, the second air outlet 311-4 and the cylinder block 311 321. The on-off valve 321 is controlled according to the specific working state of the piston engine to realize the control of the reciprocating movement of the piston engine; the on-off valve 321 may be a mechanical on-off valve or an electric on-off valve.
本结构与结构一相比，其省去了弹簧，通过两侧进气和排气实现了活塞的往复运动，提高了活塞发动机控制的可靠性，并简化了结构。Compared with the first structure, this structure omits the spring, realizes the reciprocating movement of the piston through the intake and exhaust on both sides, improves the reliability of the control of the piston engine, and simplifies the structure.
结构三：Structure three:
本结构中，发动机303采用水平对置的双缸控制式活塞发动机330。如图5所示，双缸控制式活塞发动机330包括曲柄滑块机构335和相对设置于曲柄滑块机构335两侧的第一气缸和第二气缸。In this structure, the engine 303 adopts a two-cylinder control piston engine 330 that is horizontally opposed. As shown in FIG. 5, the dual-cylinder controlled piston engine 330 includes a crank slider mechanism 335 and a first cylinder and a second cylinder that are arranged opposite to the crank slider mechanism 335.
其中，曲柄滑块机构335为双滑块结构，其包括曲柄335-1，第一滑块335-2、第一连接杆335-3，第二滑块335-4，第二连接杆335-5以及输出轴316；输出轴316穿设于于曲柄335-1的中心，第一连接杆335-3的一端、第二连接杆335-5的一端分别连接于曲柄335-1的两个端面，且连接点分布于输出轴316的两侧，第一连接杆335-3的另一端连接第一滑块335-2、第二连接杆335-5的另一端连接第二滑块335-4。Among them, the crank slider mechanism 335 is a double slider structure, which includes a crank 335-1, a first slider 335-2, a first connecting rod 335-3, a second slider 335-4, and a second connecting rod 335- 5 and the output shaft 316; the output shaft 316 passes through the center of the crank 335-1, one end of the first connecting rod 335-3 and one end of the second connecting rod 335-5 are respectively connected to the two end faces of the crank 335-1 , And the connecting points are distributed on both sides of the output shaft 316, the other end of the first connecting rod 335-3 is connected to the first slider 335-2, and the other end of the second connecting rod 335-5 is connected to the second slider 335-4 .
第一气缸包括：第一气缸缸体331，第一活塞332，第一活塞杆334，第一活塞332安装于第一气缸缸体331内，第一活塞杆334一端连接第一活塞332，另一端伸出第一气缸缸体331并与第一滑块335-2连接；第一气缸缸体331的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口311-1，第一排气口311-2，第一进气口311-1连接换热单元302，第一排气口311-2连接循环水箱301。The first cylinder includes a first cylinder block 331, a first piston 332, and a first piston rod 334. The first piston 332 is installed in the first cylinder block 331. One end of the first piston rod 334 is connected to the first piston 332, and the other One end extends out of the first cylinder block 331 and is connected to the first slider 335-2; the rodless cavity side of the first cylinder block 331 is provided with a first air inlet 311-1 and a first air outlet 311- 2. The first air inlet 311-1 is connected to the heat exchange unit 302, and the first air outlet 311-2 is connected to the circulating water tank 301.
第二气缸包括：第二气缸缸体337、第二活塞338、第二活塞杆339、第二活塞杆339安装于第二气缸缸体337内，第二活塞杆338一端连接第二活塞338，另一端伸出第二气缸缸体337并与第二滑块335-4连接；第二气缸缸体337的有杆腔一侧设置有第二进气口311-3，第二排气口311-4，第二进气口311-3连接换热单元302，第二排气口311-4连接循环水箱301。The second cylinder includes: a second cylinder block 337, a second piston 338, a second piston rod 339, and a second piston rod 339 are installed in the second cylinder block 337, one end of the second piston rod 338 is connected to the second piston 338, The other end extends out of the second cylinder block 337 and is connected with the second slider 335-4; the second cylinder block 337 is provided with a second intake port 311-3 and a second exhaust port 311 on the side of the rod cavity. -4, the second air inlet 311-3 is connected to the heat exchange unit 302, and the second air outlet 311-4 is connected to the circulating water tank 301.
工作状态下，高压蒸汽由换热单元302经第一进气口311-1进入第一气缸的无杆腔，推动第一活塞332做直线运动，第一活塞332通过曲柄连杆机构335将第一活塞332的直线运动转化为输出轴316的旋转运动，输出轴316带动第一发电机304；做功后，高压蒸汽经第二进气口311-3进入第二气缸的有杆腔，推动第二活塞338向无杆腔一侧运动，第一气缸的无杆腔内的乏气或者汽水混合物经第一排气口311-2进入循环水箱301，第二气缸做功后，高压蒸汽再进入第一气缸继续做功，重复循环，实现输出轴316的连续工作。In the working state, the high-pressure steam enters the rodless cavity of the first cylinder from the heat exchange unit 302 through the first air inlet 311-1, pushing the first piston 332 to move linearly, and the first piston 332 moves the first piston through the crank connecting rod mechanism 335. The linear motion of a piston 332 is transformed into the rotational motion of the output shaft 316, and the output shaft 316 drives the first generator 304; after doing work, the high-pressure steam enters the rod cavity of the second cylinder through the second air inlet 311-3, and pushes the The second piston 338 moves toward the rodless cavity. The exhaust gas or steam-water mixture in the rodless cavity of the first cylinder enters the circulating water tank 301 through the first exhaust port 311-2. After the second cylinder performs work, the high-pressure steam enters the second cylinder again. One cylinder continues to perform work, repeats the cycle, and realizes the continuous work of the output shaft 316.
在图示结构中，高压蒸汽进入第一气缸做功时，第一活塞杆334带动曲柄滑块机构335的曲柄335-1旋转，曲柄335-1按逆时针方向旋转，在此过程中，曲柄335-1同时带动第二活塞杆339运动，第二活塞杆339带动第二活塞338向曲柄335-1一侧运动，当其旋转到预定角度后，高压蒸汽进入第二气缸做功时，第二活塞338带动第二活塞杆339向远离曲柄335-1一侧运动，曲柄335-1则继续按逆时针方向旋转，此时，第一气缸的无杆腔内的乏气或者汽水混合物经第一排气口311-2进入循环水箱301。即在连续做功过程中，第一气缸进气做功时，第二气缸排气，第二气缸进气做功时，第一气缸排气，以此实现循环做功。In the structure shown in the figure, when high-pressure steam enters the first cylinder to perform work, the first piston rod 334 drives the crank 335-1 of the crank slider mechanism 335 to rotate, and the crank 335-1 rotates counterclockwise. In the process, the crank 335 -1 simultaneously drives the second piston rod 339 to move. The second piston rod 339 drives the second piston 338 to move to the crank 335-1. When it rotates to a predetermined angle, the high-pressure steam enters the second cylinder to perform work. 338 drives the second piston rod 339 to move away from the crank 335-1, and the crank 335-1 continues to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the exhaust gas or steam-water mixture in the rodless chamber of the first cylinder passes through the first row The air port 311-2 enters the circulating water tank 301. That is, in the continuous work process, when the intake of the first cylinder is doing work, the second cylinder is exhausted, and when the intake of the second cylinder is doing work, the first cylinder is exhausted, thereby achieving cyclic work.
当然，上述说明只是针对具体工作过程的一个说明，并不构成对本发明的实现过程和其结构的限制。Of course, the above description is only an description of a specific working process, and does not constitute a limitation on the implementation process and the structure of the present invention.
作为优选，第一进气口311-1，第一排气口311-2、第二进气口311-3，第二排气口311-4与缸体之间设置有开关阀321，根据活塞发动机的具体工作状态控制开关阀321的通断，以实现活塞发动机往复运动的控制。具体地，开关阀321可以是机械式开关阀或者电动式开关阀。Preferably, an on-off valve 321 is provided between the first air inlet 311-1, the first air outlet 311-2, the second air inlet 311-3, the second air outlet 311-4 and the cylinder, according to The specific working state of the piston engine controls the on and off of the on-off valve 321 to realize the control of the reciprocating motion of the piston engine. Specifically, the on-off valve 321 may be a mechanical on-off valve or an electric on-off valve.
作为优选，可以将换热单元302内与第一进气口311-1、第二进气口311-3之间通过电磁换向阀连接，将第一排气口311-2、第二排气口311-4通过电磁换向阀与循环水箱301连接，通过电磁换向阀的动作控制即可控制第一气缸和第二气缸的动作，使得活塞发动机的控制更为简单和准确。Preferably, the inside of the heat exchange unit 302 can be connected to the first air inlet 311-1 and the second air inlet 311-3 through an electromagnetic reversing valve to connect the first air outlet 311-2 and the second row The air port 311-4 is connected to the circulating water tank 301 through an electromagnetic reversing valve, and the actions of the first cylinder and the second cylinder can be controlled by the action control of the electromagnetic reversing valve, making the control of the piston engine simpler and more accurate.
在结构一、二、三所公开的三种结构中，发动机303的具体结构为气缸带动曲柄连杆的结构，即将活塞的直线往复运动转换为曲柄的旋转运动，然后带动第一发电机304；除上述结构外，本发明也可以使用直线电机，即第一发电机304为直线发电机，将活塞杆直接连接到直线电机，活塞的直线运动直接驱动直线电机发电。这样可进一步简化整体结构。当其使用场景受限不适合上述三种结构的情况下，可以使用以下结构的结构。具体结构原理如下：Among the three structures disclosed in Structures I, II, and III, the specific structure of the engine 303 is that the cylinder drives the crank connecting rod, that is, the linear reciprocating motion of the piston is converted into the rotational motion of the crank, and then the first generator 304 is driven; In addition to the above structure, the present invention can also use a linear motor, that is, the first generator 304 is a linear generator, and the piston rod is directly connected to the linear motor, and the linear movement of the piston directly drives the linear motor to generate electricity. This can further simplify the overall structure. When the usage scenarios are limited and not suitable for the above three structures, the following structures can be used. The specific structure principle is as follows:
结构四：Structure four:
在本结构中，发动机303为单侧进气弹簧复位式活塞发动机310，如图6所示，包括：In this structure, the engine 303 is a single-side intake spring return type piston engine 310, as shown in Fig. 6, including:
气缸缸体311、活塞312、弹簧313、活塞杆314； Cylinder block 311, piston 312, spring 313, piston rod 314;
其中，所述活塞312安装于气缸缸体311内，活塞杆314一端连接活塞312，另一端伸出气缸缸体311并连接第一发电机304；Wherein, the piston 312 is installed in the cylinder block 311, one end of the piston rod 314 is connected to the piston 312, and the other end extends out of the cylinder block 311 and is connected to the first generator 304;
气缸缸体311的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口311-1，第一排气口311-2，第一进气口311-1连接换热单元302，第一排气口311-2连接循环水箱301，气缸缸体311的有杆腔一侧设置弹簧313，用于活塞312做功后的复位。The rodless cavity side of the cylinder block 311 is provided with a first intake port 311-1, a first exhaust port 311-2, the first intake port 311-1 is connected to the heat exchange unit 302, and the first exhaust port 311 -2 is connected to the circulating water tank 301, and a spring 313 is provided on the side of the cylinder block 311 with the rod cavity for the reset of the piston 312 after it has done work.
结构五：Structure Five:
在本结构中，发动机303为双侧进气式活塞发动机320，如图7所示，包括：In this structure, the engine 303 is a double-side-intake piston engine 320, as shown in Fig. 7, including:
气缸缸体311、活塞312、活塞杆314； Cylinder block 311, piston 312, piston rod 314;
其中，所述活塞312安装于气缸缸体311内，活塞杆314一端连接活塞312，另一端伸出气缸缸体311并连接第一发电机304；Wherein, the piston 312 is installed in the cylinder block 311, one end of the piston rod 314 is connected to the piston 312, and the other end extends out of the cylinder block 311 and is connected to the first generator 304;
气缸缸体311的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口311-1，第一排气口311-2，气缸缸体311的有杆腔一侧设置有第二进气口311-3，第二排气口311-4，第一进气口311-1、第二进气口311-3连接换热单元302，第一排气口311-2、第二排气口311-4连接循环水箱301。The rodless cavity side of the cylinder block 311 is provided with a first intake port 311-1, a first exhaust port 311-2, and the cylinder block 311 has a rod cavity side with a second intake port 311-3. , The second exhaust port 311-4, the first intake port 311-1, the second intake port 311-3 are connected to the heat exchange unit 302, the first exhaust port 311-2, the second exhaust port 311-4 Connect the circulating water tank 301.
结构六：Structure Six:
在本结构中，发动机303为水平对置的双缸控制式活塞发动机330，如图8所示，包括：In this structure, the engine 303 is a horizontally opposed two-cylinder controlled piston engine 330, as shown in Fig. 8, including:
第一气缸、第二气缸；The first cylinder, the second cylinder;
其中，第一气缸包括第一气缸缸体331，第一活塞332，第一活塞杆334，第一活塞332安装于第一气缸缸体331内，第一活塞杆334一端连接第一活塞332， 另一端伸出第一气缸缸体331并与第一发电机304一端连接；第一气缸缸体的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口311-1、第一排气口311-2，第一进气口311-1连接换热单元302，第一排气口311-2连接循环水箱301；The first cylinder includes a first cylinder block 331, a first piston 332, and a first piston rod 334. The first piston 332 is installed in the first cylinder block 331, and one end of the first piston rod 334 is connected to the first piston 332. The other end extends out of the first cylinder block 331 and is connected to one end of the first generator 304; one side of the rodless cavity of the first cylinder block is provided with a first intake port 311-1 and a first exhaust port 311-2 , The first air inlet 311-1 is connected to the heat exchange unit 302, and the first air outlet 311-2 is connected to the circulating water tank 301;
第二气缸包括第二气缸缸体337、第二活塞338、第二活塞杆339、第二活塞杆339安装于第二气缸缸体337内，第二活塞杆339一端连接第二活塞338，另一端伸出第二气缸缸体337并与第一发电机304另一端连接；第二气缸缸体337的有杆腔一侧设置有第二进气口311-3，第二排气口311-4，第二进气口311-3连接换热单元302，第二排气口311-4连接循环水箱301。The second cylinder includes a second cylinder block 337, a second piston 338, a second piston rod 339, and a second piston rod 339 installed in the second cylinder block 337. One end of the second piston rod 339 is connected to the second piston 338, and the other One end extends out of the second cylinder block 337 and is connected to the other end of the first generator 304; the second cylinder block 337 is provided with a second intake port 311-3 and a second exhaust port 311- on the side with the rod cavity. 4. The second air inlet 311-3 is connected to the heat exchange unit 302, and the second air outlet 311-4 is connected to the circulating water tank 301.
根据上述结构公开的技术，发电装置的结构的具体选择可以根据工况和使用场景做出最优化的选择。According to the technology disclosed in the above structure, the specific selection of the structure of the power generating device can be optimized according to the working conditions and usage scenarios.
上述6中结构中，均设置了单组的活塞发动机来驱动发电装置的工作，本发明同样可设置多组活塞发动机来驱动发电装置工作。即，活塞发动机设置为多组，多组发动机同时对应驱动多组曲柄旋转，而多组曲柄安装于同一输出轴，输出轴与发动装置连接。这样可以提高发电装置运行可靠性，同时提高发电效率。In the above-mentioned 6 structures, a single set of piston engines is provided to drive the operation of the power generating device, and the present invention can also be provided with multiple sets of piston engines to drive the operation of the power generating device. That is, the piston engines are arranged in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of engines simultaneously drive multiple groups of cranks to rotate, and the multiple groups of cranks are installed on the same output shaft, and the output shaft is connected to the engine. This can improve the operating reliability of the power generation device and at the same time increase the power generation efficiency.
可选地，可以在本发明的图5和图8所示的结构中，在第一气缸的有杆腔和第二气缸的无杆腔连接第一真空泵P1，第二真空泵P2，如图9、图10所示。当第一气缸或者第二气缸做功时，对应的真空泵也同时开始工作，将相应的腔室抽到负压状态。Optionally, in the structure shown in FIGS. 5 and 8 of the present invention, the rod cavity of the first cylinder and the rodless cavity of the second cylinder may be connected to the first vacuum pump P1 and the second vacuum pump P2, as shown in FIG. 9 , As shown in Figure 10. When the first cylinder or the second cylinder is doing work, the corresponding vacuum pump also starts to work at the same time, pumping the corresponding chamber to a negative pressure state.
因为采用的是水蒸汽进行活塞膨胀做功，因此，当背压降低后，即采用抽真空的方法降低排气压力，则做功部分的水蒸汽会有更多的液态水凝结出来，从而产生更多的做功能量，提高整机的发电效率。例如，在第一缸体的有杆腔内的压力为常压时，第一缸体的无杆腔内的蒸汽做功后压力为0.1MPa，而将第一气缸的有杆腔的压力通过真空泵抽到0.005MPa后，两种不同的背压条件，在等熵条件下，0.005MPa背压相比于常压背压，水蒸汽将释放更多的能量，从而将整体的做功效率提高5-8％。Because water vapor is used to expand the piston to perform work, when the back pressure is reduced, the exhaust pressure is reduced by vacuuming, and the water vapor in the work part will condense more liquid water, thereby producing more It can improve the power generation efficiency of the whole machine. For example, when the pressure in the rod cavity of the first cylinder is normal pressure, the pressure of the steam in the rodless cavity of the first cylinder after work is 0.1 MPa, and the pressure in the rod cavity of the first cylinder is passed through the vacuum pump After pumping to 0.005MPa, there are two different back pressure conditions. Under the isentropic condition, the 0.005MPa back pressure will release more energy than the normal pressure back pressure, thereby increasing the overall work efficiency by 5- 8%.
此外，由于本发明中使用循环水来吸收回热器排出的废热，然后推动活塞做功，因此在活塞做功过程中，活塞和缸体之间是不需要添加润滑油和润滑脂的，直接由水润滑即可，因此不需要额外的润滑结构和润滑油供给结构和系统，简化了活塞发动机的结构。In addition, since circulating water is used in the present invention to absorb the waste heat discharged by the regenerator and then push the piston to do work, there is no need to add lubricating oil and grease between the piston and the cylinder during the work of the piston. Lubrication is sufficient, so no additional lubrication structure and lubricating oil supply structure and system are needed, which simplifies the structure of the piston engine.
实施例三Example three
参见图11，本实施例是在实施例一的基础上，将蒸汽发电系统的汽轮机系统3更换为ORC系统4(即有机朗肯循环系统)：Referring to Figure 11, this embodiment is based on the first embodiment, replacing the steam turbine system 3 of the steam power generation system with the ORC system 4 (that is, the organic Rankine cycle system):
ORC系统4(即有机朗肯循环系统)，包括冷凝器401、蒸发器402、第二发电机403、透平膨胀机404，液体泵405。燃气轮机系统1的回热器101排出的一部分气体输送到蒸发器402，同时冷凝器401通过液体泵405将冷凝水输送到蒸发器402，在蒸发器402内，冷凝水吸收尾气中的热量并在蒸发器402内气化形成高压蒸汽，高压蒸汽经过透平膨胀机404带动第二发电机403发电。高压蒸汽做功后成为常压蒸汽或者水汽混合物进入冷凝器401，以实现循环利用。从而有效利用了回热器101的排气中的热量，提高循环的整体效率。The ORC system 4 (ie, organic Rankine cycle system) includes a condenser 401, an evaporator 402, a second generator 403, a turbo expander 404, and a liquid pump 405. Part of the gas discharged from the regenerator 101 of the gas turbine system 1 is delivered to the evaporator 402, while the condenser 401 delivers the condensed water to the evaporator 402 through the liquid pump 405. In the evaporator 402, the condensed water absorbs the heat in the exhaust gas and is The evaporator 402 is gasified to form high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam passes through the turbo expander 404 to drive the second generator 403 to generate electricity. The high-pressure steam becomes atmospheric steam or a water-steam mixture after doing work and enters the condenser 401 to realize recycling. Therefore, the heat in the exhaust gas of the regenerator 101 is effectively used, and the overall efficiency of the cycle is improved.
本实施例的循环过程为：The cycle process of this embodiment is:
1.电动机103带动空压机102工作，外界气体通入空压机102，经压缩后通入回热器101内，此时从空压机102中流出的气体温度为100-300℃，优选地，为200℃。1. The motor 103 drives the air compressor 102 to work. The outside air is passed into the air compressor 102, and then passed into the regenerator 101 after being compressed. At this time, the temperature of the gas flowing out of the air compressor 102 is 100-300°C, preferably The ground is 200°C.
2.从回热器101中流出的气体分为两路，一路进入ORC系统4的蒸发器402中，另一路进入燃料电池系统2中，和燃料气一起促使燃料电池201的反应启动及维持：2. The gas flowing out of the regenerator 101 is divided into two paths, one path enters the evaporator 402 of the ORC system 4, and the other path enters the fuel cell system 2, and together with the fuel gas, it promotes the reaction start and maintenance of the fuel cell 201:
1)回热器101排出的一部分气体输送到蒸发器402，同时冷凝器401通过液体泵405将冷凝水输送到蒸发器402，在蒸发器402内，冷凝水吸收尾气中的热量并在蒸发器402内气化形成高压蒸汽，高压蒸汽经过透平膨胀机404带动第二发电机403发电。高压蒸汽做功后成为常压蒸汽或者水汽混合物进入冷凝器401，以实现循环利用。1) A part of the gas discharged from the regenerator 101 is sent to the evaporator 402, while the condenser 401 sends the condensed water to the evaporator 402 through the liquid pump 405. In the evaporator 402, the condensed water absorbs the heat in the exhaust gas and transfers it to the evaporator. The gasification inside 402 forms high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam passes through the turbo expander 404 to drive the second generator 403 to generate electricity. The high-pressure steam becomes atmospheric steam or a water-steam mixture after doing work and enters the condenser 401 to realize recycling.
2)燃料电池201启动后，逐渐产生热量并产生少部分电能，其产生的尾气通入空压机102，重复循环直至燃料电池201在最佳温度稳定反应，空压机102内气体温度也上升并逐渐稳定，输出端气体进入回热器101内循环。该步骤中，燃料电池启动后产生热量，并逐渐升至最佳反应温度，在800-950℃稳定反应，(优选地，为900℃)，稳定输出电能；产生的尾气通入空压机102重复循环，此时空压机102出气端温度达到550℃-700℃，(优选地，为650℃)；回热器101中的温度保持在500℃-600℃。2) After the fuel cell 201 starts, it gradually generates heat and generates a small amount of electric energy. The exhaust gas produced by it is passed into the air compressor 102, and the cycle is repeated until the fuel cell 201 reacts stably at the optimal temperature, and the gas temperature in the air compressor 102 also rises. And gradually stabilize, the output end gas enters the regenerator 101 to circulate. In this step, the fuel cell generates heat after startup, and gradually rises to the optimal reaction temperature, and reacts stably at 800-950°C (preferably 900°C) to stably output electric energy; the exhaust gas produced is passed into the air compressor 102 The cycle is repeated, and at this time, the temperature at the outlet end of the air compressor 102 reaches 550°C-700°C, (preferably, 650°C); the temperature in the regenerator 101 is maintained at 500°C-600°C.
本实施例的三联合系统中的蒸汽发电系统选择ORC系统，本三联合系统可以同时解决SOFC发电余热和回热器排气余热的回收问题，将系统中各环节产出的热量循 环利用，其回收效率可达到50％-80％。The steam power generation system in the three-combined system of this embodiment selects the ORC system. The three-combined system can simultaneously solve the recovery problems of SOFC power generation waste heat and regenerator exhaust waste heat, and recycle the heat produced by each link in the system. The recovery efficiency can reach 50%-80%.
实施例四Example four
本实施例是在实施例三的基础上增加了补燃器202。In this embodiment, an afterburner 202 is added on the basis of the third embodiment.
参见图12，燃料电池201后可以连接补燃器202，以防止燃烧不充分，燃料电池201输出电能、未完全反应的部分气体输送至补燃器202，补燃器202内产生燃烧反应后，气体自补燃器202出口输送至空压机102进气端循环利用。12, the afterburner 202 can be connected after the fuel cell 201 to prevent insufficient combustion. The fuel cell 201 outputs electric energy and part of the gas that is not completely reacted is sent to the afterburner 202. After the combustion reaction occurs in the afterburner 202, The gas is delivered from the outlet of the afterburner 202 to the intake end of the air compressor 102 for recycling.
进一步地，所述补燃器202采用现有补燃装置，如补燃炉等。Further, the afterburner 202 adopts an existing afterburner, such as an afterburner.
本实施例的循环过程为：The cycle process of this embodiment is:
1.电动机103带动空压机102工作，外界气体通入空压机102，经压缩后通入回热器101内，此时从空压机102中流出的气体温度为100-300℃，优选地，为200℃。1. The motor 103 drives the air compressor 102 to work. The outside air is passed into the air compressor 102, and then passed into the regenerator 101 after being compressed. At this time, the temperature of the gas flowing out of the air compressor 102 is 100-300°C, preferably The ground is 200°C.
2.从回热器101中流出的气体分为两路，一路进入ORC系统4的蒸发器402中，另一路进入燃料电池系统2中，和燃料气一起促使燃料电池201的反应启动及维持：2. The gas flowing out of the regenerator 101 is divided into two paths, one path enters the evaporator 402 of the ORC system 4, and the other path enters the fuel cell system 2, and together with the fuel gas, it promotes the reaction start and maintenance of the fuel cell 201:
1)回热器101排出的一部分气体输送到蒸发器402，同时冷凝器401通过液体泵405将冷凝水输送到蒸发器402，在蒸发器402内，冷凝水吸收尾气中的热量并在蒸发器402内气化形成高压蒸汽，高压蒸汽经过透平膨胀机404带动第二发电机403发电。高压蒸汽做功后成为常压蒸汽或者水汽混合物进入冷凝器401，以实现循环利用。1) A part of the gas discharged from the regenerator 101 is sent to the evaporator 402, while the condenser 401 sends the condensed water to the evaporator 402 through the liquid pump 405. In the evaporator 402, the condensed water absorbs the heat in the exhaust gas and transfers it to the evaporator. The gasification inside 402 forms high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam passes through the turbo expander 404 to drive the second generator 403 to generate electricity. The high-pressure steam becomes atmospheric steam or a water-steam mixture after doing work and enters the condenser 401 to realize recycling.
2)燃料电池201启动后，逐渐产生热量并产生少部分电能，产生的尾气通入补燃器202，补燃器202中排出的气体通入空压机102，重复循环直至燃料电池201在最佳温度稳定反应，空压机102内气体温度也上升并逐渐稳定并进入回热器101内循环。该步骤中，燃料电池201启动后产生热量，并逐渐升至最佳温度，在800-950℃稳定反应，(优选地，为900℃)，稳定输出电能；产生的尾气通入空压机102重复循环，此时空压机102出气端温度达到550℃-700℃，(优选地，为650℃)；回热器101中的温度保持在500℃-600℃。2) After the fuel cell 201 is started, it gradually generates heat and a small amount of electrical energy. The generated exhaust gas is passed into the afterburner 202, and the gas discharged from the afterburner 202 is passed into the air compressor 102, and the cycle is repeated until the fuel cell 201 is at the end. Optimum temperature stabilizes the reaction, and the temperature of the gas in the air compressor 102 also rises and gradually stabilizes and enters the regenerator 101 to circulate. In this step, the fuel cell 201 generates heat after startup, and gradually rises to the optimum temperature, and reacts stably at 800-950°C (preferably 900°C), stably outputting electric energy; the exhaust gas produced is passed into the air compressor 102 The cycle is repeated, and at this time, the temperature at the outlet end of the air compressor 102 reaches 550°C-700°C, (preferably, 650°C); the temperature in the regenerator 101 is maintained at 500°C-600°C.
本实施例，通过增加补燃器202的方式，以保证燃料的充分燃烧，提高能量回收率。In this embodiment, the afterburner 202 is added to ensure the full combustion of fuel and improve the energy recovery rate.
实施例五Example five
本实施例中，在循环系统中加入了太阳能系统5，参见图13。图13虽然为 在实施例一的基础上加入了太阳能系统5，但应当理解，本实施例的太阳能系统5同样适用于其它实施例的三联合循环系统。In this embodiment, a solar system 5 is added to the circulation system, see FIG. 13. Although Fig. 13 adds the solar energy system 5 on the basis of the first embodiment, it should be understood that the solar energy system 5 of this embodiment is also applicable to the three combined cycle systems of other embodiments.
在本实施例中，太阳能反射镜501将太阳光反射到太阳能收集装置502上，太阳能收集装置502可设置在回热器101内部或/和外部的入口段或/和中段或/和出口段、也可设置在燃料电池201用以连接回热器101的入口处。In this embodiment, the solar reflector 501 reflects sunlight to the solar collector 502, and the solar collector 502 can be arranged inside or/and outside the entrance section or/and the middle section or/and the exit section of the regenerator 101. It can also be arranged at the entrance of the fuel cell 201 to connect to the regenerator 101.
本发明各实施例中，由于燃料电池201所需流量较小，而空压机102可输出的流量较大，因此可选用径流式涡轮作为本发明的空压机102。In each embodiment of the present invention, since the fuel cell 201 requires a relatively small flow rate and the air compressor 102 can output a relatively large flow rate, a radial turbine can be selected as the air compressor 102 of the present invention.
本发明各实施例中，燃料电池201为固体燃料电池(如碳酸盐燃料电池)或质子交换膜燃料电池。In various embodiments of the present invention, the fuel cell 201 is a solid fuel cell (such as a carbonate fuel cell) or a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
本发明的三联合循环系统可应用于交通工具或充电系统中，以进一步回收交通工具或充电系统中的发热元件所产生的产量。The three combined cycle system of the present invention can be applied to vehicles or charging systems to further recover the output produced by the heating elements in the vehicles or charging systems.
在本发明提供一种使用该三联合循环系统的交通工具中，上述的循环水可以先对交通工具中的驱动电机，电池组、电器元件所产生的热量先进行回收，后进入换热单元换热，以回收交工工具的驱动电机、电池组、电器元件所散发的热量，进而进一步提高本发明循环系统的热效率。In the vehicle using the three combined cycle system provided by the present invention, the above-mentioned circulating water can first recover the heat generated by the drive motor, battery pack, and electrical components in the vehicle, and then enter the heat exchange unit for exchange. Heat is used to recover the heat emitted by the driving motor, battery pack, and electrical components of the delivery tool, thereby further improving the thermal efficiency of the circulation system of the present invention.
在本发明还提供的一种使用该三联合循环系统的充电系统中，上述的循环水可以先对充电系统中的驱动电机，电池组、电器元件所产生的热量先进行回收，后进入换热单元换热，该充电系统可以是充电车，移动充电站等。In a charging system using the three combined cycle system provided by the present invention, the above-mentioned circulating water can first recover the heat generated by the driving motor, battery pack, and electrical components in the charging system, and then enter the heat exchange Unit heat exchange, the charging system can be a charging car, a mobile charging station, etc.
作为本发明的一种优选实施方式，联合循环系统还包括储能支路，即原系统所发的电用于电解水，并将电解产物氢收集，该支路连通燃烧室，当阳光不足的时候，可将氢作为燃料燃烧，以使系统连续稳定工作。As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the combined cycle system further includes an energy storage branch, that is, the electricity generated by the original system is used to electrolyze water and collect the electrolyzed product hydrogen. The branch is connected to the combustion chamber. At that time, hydrogen can be burned as fuel to make the system work continuously and stably.
作为本发明的一种优选实施方式，压缩空气可临时储存，在需要时通入涡轮做功发电。As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compressed air can be temporarily stored and passed into the turbine to generate power when needed.
以上描述仅为本申请的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解，本申请中所涉及的发明范围，并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而成的技术方案，同时也应涵盖在不脱离所述发明构思的情况下，由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合而形成的其它技术方案。例如上述特征与本申请中公开的(但不限于)具有类似功能。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the applied technical principles. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to the technical solution formed by the specific combination of the above technical features, and should also cover the technical solutions based on the above technical features without departing from the inventive concept. Or other technical solutions formed by any combination of its equivalent features. For example, the above-mentioned features have similar functions as those disclosed in this application (but not limited to).

Claims (10)

  1. 一种三联合循环系统，其特征在于，包括：A three combined cycle system, which is characterized in that it includes:
    空压机系统，包括回热器、电动机以及与电动机连接的空压机，所述空压机进气端接入外界气体，出气端连接回热器进口；The air compressor system includes a regenerator, an electric motor, and an air compressor connected to the electric motor. The air compressor is connected to the outside air at its inlet end and connected to the regenerator inlet at its outlet end;
    燃料电池系统，包括燃料电池，所述回热器出口连接燃料电池进口用于为燃料电池提供燃烧气体，所述燃料电池尾气出口连接空压机进气端用于推动空压机旋转；The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, the outlet of the regenerator is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell for providing combustion gas for the fuel cell, and the exhaust outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the inlet end of the air compressor for driving the air compressor to rotate;
    以及，蒸汽发电系统，所述回热器出口连接蒸汽发电系统用于为蒸汽发电系统提供热源。And, for a steam power generation system, the outlet of the regenerator is connected to the steam power generation system for providing a heat source for the steam power generation system.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的三联合循环系统，其特征在于，所述蒸汽发电系统为汽轮机系统；The three combined cycle system according to claim 1, wherein the steam power generation system is a steam turbine system;
    所述汽轮机系统包括换热单元、循环水箱、发动机以及第一发电机，所述回热器出口与换热单元进气口连接，所述换热单元的进水口与循环水箱的出水口连接，换热单元的蒸汽出口与发动机连接用于为发动机提供做功蒸汽，所述发动机连接第一发电机用于驱动第一发电机发电，所述循环水箱连接发动机用于回收做功蒸汽做功后转化成的水或者水汽混合物。The steam turbine system includes a heat exchange unit, a circulating water tank, an engine, and a first generator, the outlet of the regenerator is connected with the air inlet of the heat exchange unit, and the water inlet of the heat exchange unit is connected with the water outlet of the circulating water tank, The steam outlet of the heat exchange unit is connected with the engine to provide working steam for the engine, the engine is connected to the first generator to drive the first generator to generate electricity, and the circulating water tank is connected to the engine to recover the working steam and convert it into Water or water-vapor mixture.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的三联合循环系统，其特征在于，所述发动机为单侧进气弹簧复位式活塞发动机或双侧进气式活塞发动机或水平对置的双缸控制式活塞发动机；The three-combined cycle system according to claim 2, wherein the engine is a single-side intake spring-return piston engine or a double-side intake piston engine or a horizontally opposed two-cylinder controlled piston engine;
    所述单侧进气弹簧复位式活塞发动机包括：The unilateral air intake spring return type piston engine includes:
    气缸缸体、活塞、弹簧、活塞杆、曲柄滑块机构以及输出轴；Cylinder block, piston, spring, piston rod, crank slider mechanism and output shaft;
    其中，所述活塞安装于气缸缸体内，活塞杆一端连接活塞，另一端伸出气缸缸体并与曲柄滑块机构连接，曲柄滑块机构连接输出轴，输出轴连接第一发电机；Wherein, the piston is installed in the cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is connected to the piston, the other end extends out of the cylinder body and is connected to the crank slider mechanism, the crank slider mechanism is connected to the output shaft, and the output shaft is connected to the first generator;
    气缸缸体的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口，第一排气口，第一进气口连接换热单元，第一排气口连接循环水箱，气缸缸体的有杆腔一侧设置弹簧，用于活塞做功后的复位；The rodless cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a first air inlet, a first air outlet, the first air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, the first air outlet is connected to the circulating water tank, and the cylinder block has a rod cavity. A spring is set on the side to reset the piston after it has done work;
    所述双侧进气式活塞发动机包括：The double-side air-intake piston engine includes:
    气缸缸体、活塞、活塞杆、曲柄滑块机构以及输出轴；Cylinder block, piston, piston rod, crank slider mechanism and output shaft;
    其中，所述活塞安装于气缸缸体内，活塞杆一端连接活塞，另一端伸出气缸缸体并与曲柄滑块机构连接，曲柄滑块机构连接输出轴，输出轴连接第一发电机；Wherein, the piston is installed in the cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is connected to the piston, the other end extends out of the cylinder body and is connected to the crank slider mechanism, the crank slider mechanism is connected to the output shaft, and the output shaft is connected to the first generator;
    气缸缸体的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口，第一排气口，气缸缸体的有杆腔一侧设置有第二进气口，第二排气口，第一进气口、第二进气口连接换热单元，第一排气口、第二排气口连接循环水箱；The rodless cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a first intake port, a first exhaust port, and the rod cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a second intake port, a second exhaust port, and a first intake port. The second air inlet and the second air inlet are connected to the heat exchange unit, and the first air outlet and the second air outlet are connected to the circulating water tank;
    所述水平对置的双缸控制式活塞发动机包括：The horizontally opposed dual-cylinder controlled piston engine includes:
    曲柄滑块机构和相对设置于曲柄滑块机构两侧的第一气缸和第二气缸；A crank slider mechanism and a first cylinder and a second cylinder opposite to the crank slider mechanism;
    其中，曲柄滑块机构为双滑块结构，其包括曲柄、第一滑块、第一连接杆，第二滑块，第二连接杆以及输出轴；输出轴连接第一发电机，输出轴穿设于于曲柄的中心，第一连接的一端、第二连接杆的一端分别连接于曲柄的两个端面，且连接点分布于输出轴的两侧，第一连接杆的另一端连接第一滑块、第二连接杆的另一端连接第二滑块；Among them, the crank slider mechanism is a double slider structure, which includes a crank, a first slider, a first connecting rod, a second slider, a second connecting rod, and an output shaft; the output shaft is connected to the first generator, and the output shaft passes through Set at the center of the crank, one end of the first connecting rod and one end of the second connecting rod are respectively connected to the two end faces of the crank, and the connecting points are distributed on both sides of the output shaft. The other end of the first connecting rod is connected to the first sliding shaft. The other end of the block and the second connecting rod is connected to the second slider;
    第一气缸包括第一气缸缸体，第一活塞，第一活塞杆，第一活塞安装于第一气缸缸体内，第一活塞杆一端连接第一活塞，另一端伸出第一气缸缸体并与第一滑块连接；第一气缸缸体的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口、第一排气口，第一进气口连接换热单元，第一排气口连接循环水箱；The first cylinder includes a first cylinder block, a first piston, and a first piston rod. The first piston is installed in the first cylinder block. One end of the first piston rod is connected to the first piston, and the other end extends out of the first cylinder block. And connected with the first slider; the rodless cavity side of the first cylinder block is provided with a first air inlet and a first air outlet, the first air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, and the first air outlet is connected to the circulation Water tank
    第二气缸包括第二气缸缸体、第二活塞、第二活塞杆、第二活塞杆安装于第二气缸缸体内，第二活塞杆一端连接第二活塞，另一端伸出第二气缸缸体并与第二滑块连接；第二气缸缸体的有杆腔一侧设置有第二进气口，第二排气口，第二进气口连接换热单元，第二排气口连接循环水箱。The second cylinder includes a second cylinder block, a second piston, a second piston rod, and a second piston rod installed in the second cylinder block. One end of the second piston rod is connected to the second piston, and the other end extends out of the second cylinder cylinder. Body and connected with the second slider; the second cylinder block is provided with a second air inlet and a second air outlet on the rod cavity side, the second air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, and the second air outlet is connected Circulating water tank.
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的三联合循环系统，其特征在于，所述第一发电机为直线发电机，所述发动机为单侧进气弹簧复位式活塞发动机或双侧进气式活塞发动机或水平对置的双缸控制式活塞发动机；The three-combined cycle system according to claim 2, wherein the first generator is a linear generator, and the engine is a single-side intake spring return type piston engine or a double-side intake type piston engine or a horizontal Opposite two-cylinder controlled piston engine;
    所述单侧进气弹簧复位式活塞发动机包括：The unilateral air intake spring return type piston engine includes:
    气缸缸体、活塞、弹簧、活塞杆；Cylinder block, piston, spring, piston rod;
    其中，所述活塞安装于气缸缸体内，活塞杆一端连接活塞，另一端伸出气缸缸体并连接所述直线电机；Wherein, the piston is installed in the cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is connected to the piston, and the other end extends out of the cylinder body and is connected to the linear motor;
    气缸缸体的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口，第一排气口，第一进气口连接换热单元，第一排气口连接循环水箱，气缸缸体的有杆腔一侧设置弹簧，用于活塞做功后的复位；The rodless cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a first air inlet, a first air outlet, the first air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, the first air outlet is connected to the circulating water tank, and the cylinder block has a rod cavity. A spring is set on the side to reset the piston after it has done work;
    所述双侧进气式活塞发动机包括：The double-side air-intake piston engine includes:
    气缸缸体、活塞、活塞杆；Cylinder block, piston, piston rod;
    其中，所述活塞安装于气缸缸体内，活塞杆一端连接活塞，另一端伸出气缸缸体并连接所述直线电机；Wherein, the piston is installed in the cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is connected to the piston, and the other end extends out of the cylinder body and is connected to the linear motor;
    气缸缸体的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口，第一排气口，气缸缸体的有杆腔一侧设置有第二进气口，第二排气口，第一进气口、第二进气口连接换热单元，第一排气口、第二排气口连接循环水箱；The rodless cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a first intake port, a first exhaust port, and the rod cavity side of the cylinder block is provided with a second intake port, a second exhaust port, and a first intake port. The second air inlet and the second air inlet are connected to the heat exchange unit, and the first air outlet and the second air outlet are connected to the circulating water tank;
    所述水平对置的双缸控制式活塞发动机包括：The horizontally opposed dual-cylinder controlled piston engine includes:
    第一气缸、第二气缸；The first cylinder, the second cylinder;
    其中，第一气缸包括第一气缸缸体，第一活塞，第一活塞杆，第一活塞安装于第一气缸缸体内，第一活塞杆一端连接第一活塞，另一端伸出第一气缸缸体并与所述直线第一发电机端连接；第一气缸缸体的无杆腔一侧设置有第一进气口、第一排气口，第一进气口连接换热单元，第一排气口连接循环水箱；The first cylinder includes a first cylinder block, a first piston, and a first piston rod. The first piston is installed in the first cylinder block. One end of the first piston rod is connected to the first piston, and the other end extends out of the first cylinder. The cylinder block is connected to the linear first generator end; the rodless cavity side of the first cylinder block is provided with a first intake port and a first exhaust port. The first intake port is connected to the heat exchange unit. An exhaust port is connected to the circulating water tank;
    第二气缸包括第二气缸缸体、第二活塞、第二活塞杆、第二活塞杆安装于第二气缸缸体内，第二活塞杆一端连接第二活塞，另一端伸出第二气缸缸体并与所述直线电机另一端连接；第二气缸缸体的有杆腔一侧设置有第二进气口，第二排气口，第二进气口连接换热单元，第二排气口连接循环水箱。The second cylinder includes a second cylinder block, a second piston, a second piston rod, and a second piston rod installed in the second cylinder block. One end of the second piston rod is connected to the second piston, and the other end extends out of the second cylinder cylinder. The second cylinder block is connected to the other end of the linear motor; a second air inlet and a second air outlet are provided on the rod cavity side of the second cylinder block. The second air inlet is connected to the heat exchange unit, and the second air outlet口Connect the circulating water tank.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的三联合循环系统，其特征在于，所述蒸汽发电系统为有机朗肯循环系统；The three combined cycle system according to claim 1, wherein the steam power generation system is an organic Rankine cycle system;
    所述有机朗肯循环系统包括冷凝器、蒸发器、第二发电机、透平膨胀机以及液体泵，所述回热器出口与蒸发器进气口连接，所述冷凝器通过液体泵连接蒸发器的进水口，所述蒸发器的蒸汽出口与透平膨胀机连接用于为透平膨胀机提供做功蒸汽，所述透平膨胀机连接第二发电机用于驱动第二发电机发电，所述冷凝器连接透平膨胀机用于回收做功蒸汽做功后转化成的水或者水汽混合物。The organic Rankine cycle system includes a condenser, an evaporator, a second generator, a turbo expander, and a liquid pump. The outlet of the regenerator is connected to the inlet of the evaporator, and the condenser is connected to evaporate through the liquid pump. The steam outlet of the evaporator is connected with a turboexpander to provide working steam for the turboexpander, and the turboexpander is connected to a second generator for driving the second generator to generate electricity. The condenser is connected to a turbo expander for recovering the water or water-steam mixture converted into the working steam after the work is done.
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的三联合循环系统，其特征在于，所述燃料电池系统还包括补燃器；The three-combined cycle system according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the fuel cell system further comprises an afterburner;
    所述燃料电池尾气出口连接所述补燃器，所述补燃器出气口连接空压机进气端。The fuel cell tail gas outlet is connected to the afterburner, and the afterburner gas outlet is connected to the air compressor inlet.
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的三联合循环系统，其特征在于，还包括太阳能系统；The three-combined cycle system according to any one of claims 1-5, further comprising a solar system;
    所述太阳能系统包括太阳能收集装置以及用于将太阳光反射到太阳能收集的太阳能反射镜，所述太阳能反射镜设置在回热器内部或/和外部的入口段或和中 段或/和出口段或燃料电池用于连接回热器的入口处。The solar energy system includes a solar energy collection device and a solar energy reflector for reflecting sunlight to the solar energy collection, and the solar energy reflector is arranged at the entrance section or the middle section or/and the exit section inside or/and outside of the regenerator. The fuel cell is used to connect to the inlet of the regenerator.
  8. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的三联合循环系统，其特征在于，所述空压机为径流式涡轮，所述燃料电池为固体燃料电池或质子交换膜燃料电池。The triple combined cycle system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the air compressor is a radial turbine, and the fuel cell is a solid fuel cell or a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  9. 一种交通工具，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-8任一项所述的三联合循环系统；A vehicle, characterized by comprising the three combined cycle system according to any one of claims 1-8;
    所述三联合循环系统的蒸汽发电系统连接交通工具中的发热元件，用于回收发热元件所散发的热量。The steam power generation system of the three-combined cycle system is connected to the heating element in the vehicle, and is used to recover the heat emitted by the heating element.
  10. 一种充电系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-8任一项所述的三联合循环系统；A charging system, characterized by comprising the three combined cycle system according to any one of claims 1-8;
    所述三联合循环系统的蒸汽发电系统连接充电系统中的发热元件，用于回收发热元件所散发的热量。The steam power generation system of the three combined cycle system is connected to the heating element in the charging system, and is used to recover the heat emitted by the heating element.
PCT/CN2020/135897 2019-12-27 2020-12-11 3-in-1 combined circulation system, transportation vehicle, and charging system WO2021129429A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911407378.2A CN111042919A (en) 2019-12-27 2019-12-27 Triple-combination circulating system, vehicle and charging system
CN201911407378.2 2019-12-27

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CN111042919A (en) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-21 至玥腾风科技集团有限公司 Triple-combination circulating system, vehicle and charging system
CN112502836A (en) * 2020-11-13 2021-03-16 至玥腾风科技集团有限公司 Micro gas turbine combined cycle system

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