CN102596353A - 过滤元件、过滤装置和用于制造过滤元件的方法 - Google Patents

过滤元件、过滤装置和用于制造过滤元件的方法 Download PDF

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CN102596353A
CN102596353A CN2010800506954A CN201080050695A CN102596353A CN 102596353 A CN102596353 A CN 102596353A CN 2010800506954 A CN2010800506954 A CN 2010800506954A CN 201080050695 A CN201080050695 A CN 201080050695A CN 102596353 A CN102596353 A CN 102596353A
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filter element
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injection moulding
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CN102596353B (zh
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K·格沃尔夫
M·迈尔
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Mann and Hummel GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14065—Positioning or centering articles in the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/111—Making filtering elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
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    • B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/52—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material
    • B01D46/521—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material using folded, pleated material
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/543—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining more than two hollow-preforms to form said hollow articles
    • B29C66/5432—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining more than two hollow-preforms to form said hollow articles joining hollow covers and hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
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    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
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  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
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Abstract

一种过滤元件(1)具有过滤材料片(2)的彼此流体密封地相连接的相对而置的端部截段(3A，3B)，其中喷注的和/或挤压出的塑料包壳(5)包围端部截段(3A，3B)的端棱(4A，4B)。一种用于制造相应的过滤元件(1)的方法包括利用塑料包壳(5)包住过滤材料片(2)的端部截段(3A，3B)的相对而置的端棱(4A，4B)以构造无端管。

Description

过滤元件、过滤装置和用于制造过滤元件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其带有多层过滤介质(例如过滤无纺材料(Filtervliesmaterial))的过滤元件。此外，说明了一种过滤装置和用于制造过滤元件的方法。
为了例如在汽车领域中过滤流体(如燃料、工作介质(Betriebsmittel)或内腔空气)，通常使用折叠的或起褶的过滤无纺材料。在此需要将这些平的过滤材料的不同的棱边或者端部截段相互连接。已知的过滤元件例如由首先锯齿状折叠的过滤材料片(其被成形成管状体)制成。为了封闭管状体，那么折叠截段必须被流体密封地相互连接。
背景技术
过去在此使用金属夹或者夹子，其将两个彼此相叠的平的截段保持相互贴靠。也通常将两个过滤材料片(Filtermaterialbogen)相互粘合或者通过焊接相互连接。尤其对于多层的过滤介质，例如薄的无纺材料的多个层，其是防水的或具有特别的中间层，难以阻止在彼此邻近的棱边处磨散(Ausfransen)。特别的困难在于将待连接的平的介质流体密封地相互连接，这意味着待过滤的流体不允许在连接部位处未过滤地穿过过滤材料。
在该背景下，本发明目的在于提供一种改善的过滤装置，其尤其带有过滤管介质的相连接的端部折叠截段。
发明内容
该目的通过根据权利要求1的过滤元件来实现。
相应地，过滤元件具有过滤材料片的彼此流体密封地相连接的相对而置的端部截段，其中喷注的和/或挤压出的塑料包壳(Kunststoffummantelung)包围端部截段的端棱。
喷注的和/或挤压出的塑料包壳在此密封相互连接的端部截段或端棱。优选地，塑料包壳在其整个长度上包围端棱。当过滤材料锯齿状地折叠时，因此在彼此叠置的端部折叠截段之间产生流体密封的连接，以便构造无端波纹管(Endlosfaltenbalg)。
在过滤元件的变体中，塑料包壳借助于注塑方法围绕并且/或者到端棱上来施加。
在过滤元件的变体中，塑料包壳借助于挤压方法围绕并且/或者到端棱上来施加。
尽管通常使用挤压出的热粘合剂，其仅仅被施加到内侧上、即在平的彼此叠置的端部截段之间，所提出的塑料包壳完全包围待连接的截段。
作为过滤材料尤其可考虑过滤无纺材料和/或滤纸。作为原材料，相应的过滤无纺物或滤纸或由此的组合的片通常被裁剪、折叠并且接下来端部截段被相互连接。那么得出被继续加工的无端波纹管。
相应地，过滤元件具有带有至少两个端部截段的平的过滤材料，其中这两个截段截段相互固定并且不存在打开的端部截段，因为喷注的和/或挤压出的塑料包壳包围端部截段的两个端棱。
过滤截段在此也可具有多个层，其中例如在层之间填充有吸收材料，如活性炭颗粒。例如使用过滤介质，其在两个层之间具有吸收污物或有气味物质的活性炭颗粒。尤其对于多层的过滤介质，通过塑料包壳实现，这些层不磨散或者在层之间引入的颗粒不从过滤元件中落出。
此外提出一种过滤装置，其具有相应的过滤元件并且可构造为用于机动车的工作介质过滤器，例如燃料过滤器、油过滤器或者空气过滤器或内腔过滤器。
在过滤装置中，过滤元件尤其可设置在上部的与下部的盖子之间。也提及过滤端板(Filterendscheibe)，锯齿状的波纹管设置到它们之间。
尤其地，塑料包壳那么可具有与上部的和下部的盖子或所使用的端板相同的材料。因为端板必须是对于待过滤的介质(例如汽油或润滑剂)有抗性的，所以相同的材料提供用于塑料包壳的选择。因此不需选择其它的、例如合适的粘合剂，其此外可使脏的过滤器的清除困难。
此外，提出一种用于制造过滤元件的方法。在此实现以塑料包壳注塑包覆(Umspritzen)过滤材料片的端部截段的相对而置的端棱以构造无端管或者在挤压过程中相对而置的端棱的连接。
例如，热塑性的材料被熔化作为塑料材料并且以限定包壳的形式以注塑方法被喷注。可选地，该方法包括，端部截段被平地彼此叠置。此外，过滤材料片可多重锯齿状地平行于端棱被折叠。
优选地，端棱其整个长度完全被注塑包覆。在注塑包覆之前端棱可被相互挤压。此外，该相互挤压也可在注塑包覆期间实现。
在该方法的变体中，相互挤压通过注塑工具实现。压棱(Presskante)可被集成到注塑工具中，其一方面固定彼此相叠的过滤材料面而另一方面形成用于待喷注的塑料的空腔。这些压棱可以以与端部截段的端棱的任意距离来调整，使得端部截段和端棱(其应被以塑料包壳住)的区域可容易地调节。
本发明的另外的可能的执行方案还包括之前或者以下关于实施例所说明的特征、方法步骤或者实施形式的未明确提及的组合。在此专业人员也将添加各个方面作为对本发明的相应的基本形式的改善或者补充。
本发明的另外的设计方案是从属权利要求以及本发明的以下所说明的实施例的内容。此外，根据实施例参考附图详细阐述本发明。
附图说明
其中：
图1显示了过滤元件的第一实施例的透视性的图示；
图2显示了过滤元件的第二实施例的透视性的图示；
图3显示了过滤元件的第二实施例的横截面图示；
图4显示了过滤装置的实施例的示意性的图示；
图5显示了用于说明过滤元件的制造方法的变体的图示；
图6显示了过滤元件的备选的实施例的横截面图示；
图7显示了用于过滤元件的制造布置的实施例的剖示图；以及
图8显示了在制造布置中使用的挤压管(Extrusionsrohr)的实施例的剖示图。
在附图中相同的或者功能相同的元件(只要未另作说明)设有相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
图1显示了过滤元件的第一实施例。在此过滤元件1由平的过滤介质的片(例如过滤无纺材料)形成。首先，矩形的过滤无纺材料片那么这样成形，使得片3的端部截段相互紧靠。因此在图1中得到无端过滤管2，其中端部截段3由塑料包壳5来保持，其例如以注塑方法围绕端部折叠部(Endfalte)或端棱被喷注。塑料包壳5在此以阴影线示出。过滤元件1例如可在过滤装置中被引入过滤杯(Filtertopf)中，使得待过滤的流体(例如燃料、油或者还有空气)可穿过过滤介质并且在此被净化。
在此，喷注的塑料包壳5在整个长度L上或在图1的图示中在整个高度上流体密封地包围相应的两个彼此相连接的端部截段。
图2显示了第二实施例的透视性的图示，其中，过滤元件10由锯齿状折叠的过滤无纺材料形成。通过端部截段或端部折叠截段3由喷注为塑料包壳5的塑料材料相互连接，锯齿状的过滤材料被成型成管2。通过锯齿状的折叠，在过滤元件10中得到过滤材料的更大的表面。平的过滤材料的端部截段3的连接在接下来的图中更精确地示出。
在图3中显示了过滤元件的在图2中示出的实施形式的横截面。在图3的图示中，从上面观察在图2的方向上的折叠轮廓或者向下观察波纹管。因此得到带有相应相反的方向的折叠6和15。这两个端部折叠截段3A、3B通过塑料包壳5(其通过塑料注塑方法来实现)相互连接且密封。在此，塑料包壳5完全地包围端部折叠截段3A、3B的端棱4A、4B。没有流体可通过彼此相连接的端部截段3A、3B从波纹管的内腔中漏出。
图4显示了过滤装置11，例如作为燃料过滤器，其实施有如之前所说明的过滤元件10。过滤装置或燃料过滤器13包括由锯齿状的过滤材料形成的波纹管2，其保持在两个盖子12、13之间。波纹管对应于过滤元件10，在其中两个端部截段通过喷注的塑料包壳5彼此流体密封地相连接。
上部的盖子13设有接口16，其具有开口17。待过滤的流体例如可在箭头方向18上进入波纹管10的内腔并且通过过滤材料的折叠部流出。当然可考虑另外的过滤装置。例如，过滤元件可被引入过滤杯中或者有棱角的管可被形成。盖子12、13也指端板。
图5中的图示用于阐述用于相应的过滤元件的制造方法的变体。在第一步骤中，如在图5A中所示，提供平的过滤材料片2。过滤材料片2例如矩形地成型。因此相对而置的端部截段3A、3B应被相互连接，由此构造管状的过滤元件体。在此，结果端棱4A、4B尤其被彼此贴靠。为了构造锯齿状的波纹管(如在图2和图3中所示)，首先过滤材料片被打褶或折叠。这在图5B中示出。已知有用于锯齿状地折叠过滤材料的不同的方法。可使用例如相互咬合的折叠刀(Faltmesser)，其在过滤片中引起不同方向的折叠6、15。旋转的刀组件(Messeranordnung)也是已知的。
在图5B中看见折叠的过滤材料片，其中端部截段3A、3B现在对应端部折叠截段3A、3B。
图5C显示了与图3相似的横截面图示。锯齿状的过滤材料片被这样折弯，使得这两个端部折叠截段3A、3B平地彼此叠置。在此，两个端棱4A、4B形成共同的闭合棱边。
在下一步骤中，端部折叠截段3A、3B被压到彼此上。这例如可经由合适的压棱14A、14B实现。图5D在横截面中示意性地显示了两件式的注塑工具7A、7B。注塑工具例如可以以夹子的类型借助于压棱14A、14B使两个端部截段3A、3B压到彼此上或相互挤压。通过在箭头方向8上的相撞(Zusammenfahren)，通过注塑工具7A、7B围绕端棱4A、4B形成空腔。这在图5E中详细地示出。在此这两个注塑工具7A、7B包围空腔9。在该空腔中现在液态的塑料在压力下被引入。
图5F显示了在注塑之后硬化的塑料材料如何还存在于注塑模7A、7B之内。硬化的塑料因此形成塑料包壳5，这在图5F中以阴影线示出。压棱14A、14B与端部截段3A、3B的端棱4A、4B的距离可被匹配于相应的条件。如果沿着棱边4A、4B产生的管线无端连接(Balgnahtendlosverbindung)必须特别牢固，那么可能增大距离或由塑料包围的面。
通过所提出的制造方法，在棱边的整个长度上实现可靠的流体密封的密封。尤其通过棱边的包围将阻止过滤材料的磨散。
图6显示了用于过滤材料片的相互连接的端部截段或端棱的备选的实施例的剖示图。在此示出多层的过滤介质。图6在此在横截面中仅仅显示了通过包壳5相互连接的带有端棱的端部截段。
在此，成型成无端管的过滤材料片具有由过滤无纺材料构成的两个层2A、2B。在层2A、2B之间撒有例如活性炭颗粒19，其用作吸收剂。包壳5由喷注的塑料材料形成。
从图6中可辨识出，过滤材料片2A、2B的端棱4A、4B由包壳5封闭。这尤其意味着，活性炭颗粒19不能落出。
图7和图8显示了一种布置，以便执行用于过滤元件的制造方法的备选的变体。制造布置20(如其在图7中所示)具有挤压机装置33，其用于提供液态的塑料材料。对此，缸21设有加热元件25，其中在挤压缸或挤压管21的内部设置有推进蜗杆34。推进蜗杆34用于将颗粒状的塑料材料23(其可经由漏斗22被填充到缸21的内腔中)在图7的方向上向右输送。同时，颗粒状的塑料体或者塑料颗粒的熔化通过加热元件25实现。
推进蜗杆34的驱动经由马达27实现，其经由轴29连结到减速装置28处。在缸21的端部处连结有工具26，其同样被加热。通过塑料颗粒23的输送和加热，在工具26中准备好用于彼此贴靠的端部截段的包壳的液态塑料材料。
为了将端部截段(例如以在图5中所示的类型)以压棱保持在一起，在图7的布置中使用开缝的管30。纵向开缝的管30用于将过滤材料的端棱或端部截段保持在一起并且同时作为用于塑料包壳的模具或工具。
在图8中管30在横截面中示出。管30具有缝隙，过滤材料的端部折叠截段3A和3B夹入其中。通过管模具，这两个管截段14A、14B夹子式地将这两个过滤材料层3A、3B压到彼此上。此外在管内部，如通过点划线所表示的那样，可构造有轮廓。
锯齿状折叠的或打褶的过滤材料可被引入管缝隙35中(参见图7)。接下来，液态的塑料材料被引入管30的内腔中。在冷却之后，围绕端部截段3A、3B的端棱4A、4B和部分产生塑料包壳5。
在此，多个过滤元件10被夹入管缝隙35中或设有塑料包壳5。多个过滤元件10可在图7的方向上向右经由剪裁装置32被相互分离。在图7中挤压管30和剪裁装置32支承在支座31上。
开缝的管可在内侧设有覆层，以便减小液态塑料的粘附。此外，管可在内侧设有任意的轮廓，以便例如实现用于包壳的所希望的几何结构。
所提出的用于封闭端部截段的措施或过滤元件和过滤装置的制造方法导致该管缝连接或端部截段的连接的特别的密封性。此外产生改善的外观，因为不必使用另外的辅助器件、如夹子或粘合剂。此外，尤其在过滤器制造中通常不需要附加的另外的工具，从而加工可特别成本有利地实现。通过使用塑料材料作为包壳，如例如在过滤装置的盖子或端板中被使用的那样，相应的过滤器的清理也可能特别简单且成本有利。

Claims (15)

1.一种过滤元件(1)，其具有过滤材料片(2)的彼此流体密封地相连接的相对而置的端部截段(3A，3B)，其中喷注的或挤压出的塑料包壳(5)包围所述端部截段(3A，3B)的端棱(4A，4B)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的过滤元件(1)，其中所述塑料包壳(5)在所述端棱(4A，4B)的整个长度(L)上包围所述端棱(4A，4B)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的过滤元件(1)，其中所述塑料包壳(5)借助于注塑方法围绕并且/或者到所述端棱(4A，4B)上来施加。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的过滤元件(10)，其中所述过滤材料片(2)多重锯齿状地折叠(6，15)并且构造无端波纹管。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的过滤元件(1)，其中所述过滤材料片具有多个层(2A，2B)。
6.一种过滤装置(11)，其带有根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的过滤元件(10)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的过滤装置(11)，其中所述过滤元件(10)设置在上部的与下部的盖子(12，13)之间并且所述塑料包壳(5)具有与所述上部的和所述下部的盖子(12，13)相同的材料。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的过滤装置(11)，其中所述过滤装置(11)是用于机动车的工作介质过滤器、燃料过滤器、空气过滤器或者内腔过滤器。
9.一种用于制造过滤元件(1)的方法，其包括：以或者由塑料包壳(5)注塑包覆或挤压在过滤材料片(2)的端部截段(3A，3B)的相对而置的端棱(4A，4B)处用于构造无端管。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述端部截段(3A，3B)被平地彼此叠置。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其中所述过滤材料片(2)多重锯齿状地平行于所述端棱(4A，4B)被折叠。
12.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的方法，其中所述端棱(4A，4B)完全沿着其整个长度(L)被注塑包覆。
13.根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的方法，其中所述注塑包覆借助于注塑方法实现。
14.根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的方法，其中所述端部截段(3A，3B)在所述注塑包覆期间被相互挤压。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中所述相互挤压通过注塑工具或分离的压机(7A，7B)实现。
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