CN102575398A - 无纺布以及其制造方法 - Google Patents

无纺布以及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN102575398A
CN102575398A CN201080043106XA CN201080043106A CN102575398A CN 102575398 A CN102575398 A CN 102575398A CN 201080043106X A CN201080043106X A CN 201080043106XA CN 201080043106 A CN201080043106 A CN 201080043106A CN 102575398 A CN102575398 A CN 102575398A
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nonwoven fabric
protrusion
staple fibre
section
back side
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山口正史
水谷聪
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Unicharm Corp
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Unicharm Corp
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Abstract

本发明是软便容易透过的无纺布。无纺布(1)通过相互熔接热塑性合成树脂的短纤维(11)而形成。在无纺布(1)的表面(2)上形成在宽度方向(B)反复起伏且向长度方向(A)相互并行地延伸的隆起部(6)和沟槽部(7)。当无纺布(1)把其背面(3)设为下侧地置于水平面(H)时,在隆起部(6)的背面(3)与水平面(H)之间形成高空隙部(21)。在隆起部(6)的顶点附近,短纤维(11)向无纺布(1)的厚度方向延伸地倾斜。

Description

无纺布以及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无纺布以及其制造方法,更具体地是涉及适于作为以一次性尿布为一例的体液吸收性物品的透液性表面片加以使用的无纺布以及其制造方法。
背景技术
以往,众所周知,在一次性尿布或生理用卫生巾等体液吸收性物品中的吸收体用透液性表面片覆盖。另外,还众所周知,作为该透液性表面片使用无纺布,在该无纺布中多使用由热塑性合成树脂形成的短纤维。例如,日本特开2008-25080号公报(专利文献1)所公开的无纺布是适于作为表面片使用的材料。该无纺布是通过对由热塑性合成树脂的短纤维形成的纤维网喷射热风而形成的,具有相互并行地向机械方向延伸的隆起部和沟槽部,在与机械方向正交的交叉方向上,这些隆起部和沟槽部交替地排列。
先前技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2008-25080号公报(JP2008-25080A)
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
在上述以往的无纺布的一例中,通过从在纤维网宽度方向排列的多个喷嘴对纤维网喷射热风,在喷嘴正下方的纤维网上形成沟槽部,在处于相邻的喷嘴与喷嘴之间的纤维网上形成隆起部。在该隆起部的外观密度要比沟槽部的外观密度高。当把这样的无纺布作为一次性尿布的表面片使用时,例如粘度高的软便那样的排泄物有滞留在外观密度高的隆起部的倾向,有时难以快速透过表面片而向位于表面片之下的吸收体转移。
本发明的课题是对以往的无纺布进行改进,使得在作为表面片使用时软便容易透过。
用于解决课题的手段
用于解决上述课题的本发明包括有关无纺布的第一方面和有关该无纺布的制造方法的第二方面。
本发明中的第一方面的对象是无纺布,其由相互熔接的短纤维形成并具有表面和背面,在所述表面形成有向一个方向相互并行地延伸的多条隆起部、和在所述隆起部彼此之间向所述一个方向延伸的多条沟槽部。
在该无纺布中,第一方面的特征如下。即,特征在于,所述无纺布当将所述背面的一侧置于水平面来观察与所述一个方向正交的方向的剖面时,在所述隆起部的所述背面与所述水平面之间,形成作为比所述隆起部的所述短纤维彼此的间隙大的空隙的高空隙部,所述短纤维在所述隆起部之中的至少顶点附近以向所述无纺布的厚度方向延伸的方式倾斜。
在第一方面的一个实施方式中,在所述剖面中,经过所述隆起部的顶点并相对于所述水平面垂直的基准线与所述短纤维的交叉角度的平均值是75度以下。
在第一方面的另一个实施方式中,空隙部面积率是3.5~25.0%,该空隙部面积率是指,在所述剖面中,所述隆起部的剖面面积之中所述短纤维彼此的间隙所占的面积与所述高空隙部的剖面面积之和、相对于所述隆起部的剖面面积与所述高空隙部的剖面面积的合计剖面面积所占的比例。
在第一方面的又一个实施方式中,在所述表面施加20g/cm2的负荷3分钟再静置5分钟之后的所述隆起部的高度的弹性回复率为至少85%。
在第一方面的再一个实施方式中,所述无纺布具有10~80g/m2的单位质量,所述短纤维是具有1~11dtex的纤细度和20~80mm的纤维长度的经过亲水化处理的短纤维。
在第一方面的进而另一个实施方式中,所述短纤维是由熔融温度不同的两种热塑性合成树脂形成的复合纤维,经由所述两种之中所述熔融温度低的一方的所述热塑性合成树脂进行相互熔接。
本发明的第二方面的对象以及特征是用于制造第一方面所述的无纺布的方法,在其制造工序中包括下述工序:
(1)第一工序,该第一工序作为纤维网的预备处理工序,把由热塑性合成树脂的短纤维形成并具有表面和背面的纤维网放置在通气性的支承台上,从所述支承台的下方使第一抽吸作用的同时使纤维网向机械方向行进,在从所述表面朝向所述背面的方向上对所述纤维网喷射第一喷射空气,该第一喷射空气为被加热的喷射空气且风量不足所述第一抽吸的吸气量的3倍,由此,使所述纤维网在厚度方向上压缩的同时使所述短纤维彼此熔接;以及
(2)第二工序,该第二工序在所述预备处理工序之后,从所述支承台的下方使第二抽吸作用的同时使放置在所述支承台上的所述纤维网向所述机械方向行进,从在与所述机械方向正交的交叉方向隔着所需要的间隔排列的多个喷嘴,在从所述纤维网的所述表面朝向所述背面的方向上喷射风量为所述第二抽吸的吸气量的3倍以上的第二喷射空气,使所述第二喷射空气的所述风量的一部分由所述支承台反射,由此,形成向所述机械方向相互并行地延伸的多条隆起部、和在所述隆起部彼此之间向所述机械方向延伸的多条沟槽部,而且,在所述隆起部的所述背面和所述支承台之间,形成比所述隆起部的所述短纤维彼此的间隙大的高空隙部。
发明的效果
在本发明的无纺布的隆起部,除了在顶点附近纤维向无纺布的厚度方向倾斜以外,还在背面侧具有高空隙部,因而,像软便那样的高粘性排泄物容易从隆起部的顶部向下方转移或是透过隆起部。
附图说明
图1是无纺布的局部立体图。
图2是表示无纺布的隆起部的交叉方向的剖面的照片。
图3是表示无纺布的制造工序的一部分的图。
图4是第二喷嘴部的主视图。
图5是表示空隙部面积率与软便透过时间的关系的图。
图6是由(a)、(b)、(c)表示空隙部面积率的测定步骤的图。
图7是表示无纺布的剖面的照片。
图8是示意性表示无纺布的剖面的一部分的图。
具体实施方式
参照附图说明本发明所涉及的无纺布以及其制造方法的具体内容,如以下所示。
图1、图2是示意性表示无纺布1的一部分的立体图和放大到50倍表示无纺布1的剖面的一部分的照片。无纺布1其长度方向、宽度方向和厚度方向由相互正交的双头箭头A、B、C表示,在厚度方向C具有表面2和作为其相反面的背面3。在表面2形成有向长度方向A相互并行地延伸的隆起部6和沟槽部7,在宽度方向B交替地排列的这些隆起部6和沟槽部7描绘出起伏。隆起部6从水平面H起在厚度方向C具有高度Ha,隆起部6相互的高度大体相同。
无纺布1是通过利用由热塑性合成树脂形成的短纤维11、理想的是具有1~11dtex的纤细度和20~80mm的纤维长度的短纤维11并对其喷射热风使其相互融接而成的。另外,无纺布1是适合作为以一次性尿布或生理用卫生巾为一例的体液吸收性穿用物品的透液性表面片使用的材料,这样使用时的无纺布1理想的是具有10~80g/m2的单位质量,短纤维11理想的是经过亲水化处理。无纺布1的表面2,形成凹条部的沟槽部7的宽度方向B的尺寸Wc处在0.4~2mm的范围,形成凸条部的隆起部6的宽度方向B的尺寸Wa处在2~5mm的范围。隆起部6的高度Ha处在1~5mm的范围。沟槽部7理想的是位于比高度Ha低0.7~2.5mm之处。为了使短纤维11相互的熔接容易并且使无纺布1在厚度方向C可弹性地压缩,短纤维11理想的是通过把熔融温度不同的两种合成树脂组合而形成的复合纤维,通过将熔融温度低的合成树脂熔融而进行相互熔接。作为合成树脂的组合,例如有聚乙烯和聚酯、聚乙烯和聚丙烯等公知或周知的组合。复合纤维既可以是芯鞘型的复合纤维,也可以是并置型的复合纤维。芯鞘型的复合纤维既可以是同芯型的复合纤维,也可以是偏芯型的复合纤维。这些复合纤维理想的是通过热处理或机械处理而产生卷缩的纤维。另外,在本发明的短纤维11中,除了使用复合纤维外,也可以使用由聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚酯等形成的化纤短纤维。
图3、图4是为了制造图1、图2的无纺布1而使用的工序的局部图、和该局部图中的第二喷嘴部920的主视图。在图3中,在作为支承台的在厚度方向具有通气性的行进传送带200上,放置由短纤维11形成的具有10~80g/m2的单位质量的梳理纤维网100,向机械方向MD行进。在行进传送带200中,使用例如具有30网眼以上的开口的网板。在机械方向MD设有:作为预备处理工序的第一工序901,其用于将梳理纤维网100在其厚度方向上压缩并使短纤维11相互熔接,使梳理纤维网100的质地稳定;第二工序902,其在预备处理后的梳理纤维网100上形成隆起部6。在第一工序901中,对梳理纤维网100,从第一喷嘴部910喷射经过加热的第一喷射空气911,该第一喷射空气911经过传送带200被吸引到第一抽吸盒912。第一喷射空气911的风量设定为不到第一抽吸盒912的吸气量的3倍。第一喷射空气911温度设定为能使短纤维11相互熔接的温度。
在图3的第二工序902中,对由第一工序901处理过的梳理纤维网100,从第二喷嘴部920喷射多条经过加热的第二喷射空气921。第二喷射空气921使由第一工序901得到的质地稳定的梳理纤维网100局部地向交叉方向CD移动,在第二喷射空气921相互间形成隆起部6,为此的第二喷嘴部920的风量设定为第二抽吸盒925的吸气量的至少3倍。
在图4的第二喷嘴部920,从在交叉方向CD取所需要的中心间距离a进行设置的多个喷嘴(未图示)向梳理纤维网100喷射第二喷射空气921。当风量开始超过第二抽吸盒925的吸气量时,第二喷射空气921分成经过传送带200被第二抽吸盒925吸引的流动P和沿传送带200向交叉方向CD的两侧的流动Q、R这样的倾向变强(参照图4),当第二喷射空气921的风量达到超过第二抽吸盒925的吸气量的3倍的程度时,依靠第二喷射空气921的作用的隆起部6、沟槽部7以及高空隙部21的形成逐渐变得显著。因此,在第二工序902中为了切实地形成这些隆起部6、沟槽部7和高空隙部21,作为传送带200,理想的是,使用30网眼以上的通气性传送带、或是使用开口率为5~30%且在开口部和开口部之间形成的非通气部的宽度处在1~20mm的范围的通气性开口板,同时将来自第二喷嘴部920的风量设定为第二抽吸盒925的吸气量的3倍以上。
隔着中心间距离a被喷射的第二喷射空气921在交叉方向CD的位置与图1的无纺布1的沟槽部7的位置一致。在梳理纤维网100中,位于第二喷射空气921正下方的短纤维11的一部分以向交叉方向CD的两侧等分地分开的方式进行移动而加入到隆起部6的形成中,而在第二喷射空气921正下方剩余的短纤维形成沟槽部7。另外,短纤维11除了这样的移动之外,处于相邻的第二喷射空气921相互间的短纤维朝着把中心间距离a二等分的中心线f(参照图4)向交叉方向CD移动而形成隆起部6。此时,第二喷射空气921中的流动Q、R发挥作用,使得将作为纤维网100在传送带200上水平放置的短纤维11沿中心线f向传送带200的上方推起,还发挥作用,使得在各个隆起部6的背面3和传送带200之间形成比较大的高空隙部21(参照图2)。在纤维网100如此形成隆起部6和高空隙部21的过程中,在第二工序902的上游侧,大体水平放置的短纤维11成为沿着隆起部6的表面2中的倾斜的表面2a朝向上下方向地改变了其朝向的状态。在包括这样的短纤维11的无纺布1的隆起部6中,尿或软便容易沿短纤维11从上向下进行转移,例如若是无纺布1作为一次性尿布的表面片使用,则向该无纺布1所覆盖的吸收体的转移也变得容易。
根据发明者所认识到的情况,在无纺布1的制造工序中的第二抽吸盒925的吸气量恒定时,在图2的剖面中,作为形成于隆起部6的背面3和水平面H之间的高空隙部21的面积与隆起部6的短纤维11相互间的间隙22的面积之和的空隙部面积、相对于隆起部6的剖面面积与高空隙部21的面积之和所占的比例,称为本发明中的空隙部面积率,该面积率有随着从第二喷嘴部920喷射的第二喷射空气921的风量发生变化的倾向。空隙部面积率的测定方法将于后述。另外,根据发明者进一步认识到的情况,无纺布1的人工软便的透过时间有依存于空隙部面积率的倾向。这些认识是在以下这样的作业中得到的。即,在短纤维11中,使用了鞘成分是聚乙烯、芯成分是聚酯、鞘和芯的容积比为6∶4的同芯复合纤维。该复合纤维是纤细度为2.6dtex、纤维长度为64mm、每25.4mm具有15个机械卷缩、进行了亲水化处理的纤维。梳理纤维网100是通过利用梳理机处理该短纤维11而得到的,具有30g/m2的单位质量。在图3、图4所示的工序中,第一喷嘴部910的条件如下:喷嘴直径:1mm,交叉方向CD的喷嘴的中心间距离:2mm,喷嘴和梳理纤维网的距离:5mm,第一喷射空气911的温度:140℃,第一喷射空气911的风量:3.3L/min,第一抽吸盒912的吸气速度:5m/sec。另外,第二喷嘴部920的条件如下:喷嘴直径:1mm,交叉方向CD的喷嘴的中心间距离a:4mm,喷嘴和梳理纤维网100的表面的距离:5mm,第二喷射空气921的温度:180℃,第二喷射空气921的风量:4.0~8.3L/min,第二抽吸盒925的吸气速度:5m/sec。由这些条件得到的无纺布作为其精加工工序,在图3的工序后,使其在机械方向MD具有1.8m的长度的热处理室(未图示)中以20m/min的速度通过,进而使短纤维11相互熔接。在该热处理室中,使138℃的热风以0.7m/sec的速度循环。另外,第一喷嘴部910和第二喷嘴部920中的第一、第二喷射空气911、921的温度,是对喷嘴从其上游供给的空气的设定温度,虽然这些第一、第二喷射空气911、921向短纤维11喷射时的温度变得比设定温度低,但不测定该温度。
表1表示的是,把第二抽吸盒925的吸气速度固定在5m/sec、使第二喷射空气921的风量在4.0~8.3L/min之间变化而得到的无纺布的空隙部面积率、软便透过时间、体积回复率及平均纤维角度的测定结果。
[表1]
Figure BDA0000147575950000081
图5表示表1中的空隙部面积率与软便透过时间的关系。本发明的无纺布1在图5中的空隙部面积率至少为3.5%,对于这样的无纺布1,可以切实地缩短软便的透过时间。另外,具有这样作用的无纺布1理想的是具有至少60%的体积回复率,隆起部6的顶部的平均纤维角度理想的是75度以下。
图6利用(a)~(c)的一系列照片表示测定由图3、图4的工序得到的无纺布的隆起部6中的空隙部面积率的步骤。该步骤如下。另外,图6的(a)的照片与图2的照片相同。
A.测定用试片的制作
(1)利用Kokuyo切断刀HA-7B(商品名)用的可换刀HA-100切断作为测定对象的无纺布,准备具有无纺布的交叉方向CD的剖面的试片,将其放在测定台的水平面H上。
(2)在试片的表面2上放置丙烯板(未图示),进而放置重物(未图示),在试片上施加0.6g/cm2的负荷。
(3)使用Keyence数字显微镜VHX-100,摄取试片的剖面的50倍的照片(参照图2、图6的a)。
B.隆起部的剖面面积和空隙部面积率的测定
(1)使用图像解析软件USB DEGIITAL SCALE,读取在上述A中制作的图像。
(2)读出各图像,把直方图值设定为80,使图像二进制化(图6的b)。
(3)在图像中指定作为观察对象的隆起部,用如图示那样的通过水平面H的矩形的线L围住(图6的c)。
(4)在指定的隆起部中,通过图像解析,求出短纤维密集而呈白色的部分的面积S1
(5)在指定的隆起部中,通过图像解析,求出在水平面H上方呈黑色的部分(短纤维不存在的部分)的面积S2
(6)由下式求出空隙部剖面面积和空隙部面积率。
空隙部剖面面积=S1+S2
空隙部面积率=S2/(S1+S2)
表1中的软便透过时间的测定步骤如下。
(1)把作为测定对象的无纺布切割成100×100mm而用作试片。
(2)把两根内径52mm的圆筒上下连接,在圆筒和圆筒间放置试片。此时,使30网眼、厚度0.3mm的合成树脂性网贴靠在试片下侧,防止试片挠曲。
(3)在5秒钟内向上侧的圆筒注入40ml的人工软便。人工软便的组成为纤维素∶膨润土∶水=3.3∶6.7∶90。
(4)求出从注入人工软便起、到人工软便开始进入试片之后残留在试片的上表面不动为止的时间,作为软便透过时间。
另外,求出在软便透过时间测定前后的试片的重量差,把该差作为试片上的软便残存量,而在表1中对于空隙部面积率为2.1~6.3%的无纺布的软便残存量都可以看成处在4~5g的范围内且大体恒定。
表1的体积回复率的测定步骤如下。
(1)把作为测定对象的无纺布切割成100×100mm用作测定用试片,放置在水平面上。
(2)在试片的表面放置厚度为T0的丙烯板,在丙烯板上进一步放置重物,在试片上施3g/cm2的负荷,静置3分钟。
(3)接着,使用千分表从丙烯板上测定试片和丙烯板的厚度T1
(4)接着,追加重物,在试片上施加20g/cm2的负荷,静置3分钟,之后使用千分表,测定试片和丙烯板的厚度T2
(5)使作用于试片的负荷返回到3g/cm2后静置5分钟,之后使用千分表测定试片和丙烯板的厚度T3
(6)根据下式计算试片的体积回复率。
体积回复率(%)=(T3-T0)/(T1-T0)×100
图7、图8是表示用于说明表1中的平均纤维角度的测定步骤的无纺布的剖面的照片、和示意性表示该剖面的一部分的图。
(1)把作为测定对象的无纺布、例如图1的无纺布1切割成100×100mm作为测定用试片30,把该试片30在70℃下加热30分钟,消除在试片30的处理过程中产生的折皱或折痕,使试片30尽可能平坦。
(2)使用Kokuyo切断刀HA-7B(商品名)用的标准可换刀HA-100,将试片30在交叉方向CD切断,制作观察用的切断面31(参照图7),把该试片30放在水平的面上。
(3)利用电子显微镜(Keyence公司制实时表面观看显微镜VE-7800)观察切断面31,摄取切断面31的30倍的放大照片(参照图7)。在摄影中使试片的隆起部6的整个高度进入视野。
(4)在摄取到的图像的放大照片中,划出与水平的面一致的水平线H、和通过隆起部6的顶点与水平的面H正交的垂直基准线Y0
(5)进而,相对于图像,在垂直基准线Y0两侧划出与垂直基准线Y0的平行间隔为100μm的垂直的辅助线Y1、Y2
(6)如图8所示,对于图像中的各短纤维11,在与两根辅助线Y1、Y2的交点标注标记M1、M2
(7)用直线S连结两根辅助线Y1、Y2上的标记M1、M2,求出该直线S与垂直基准线Y0的交叉角度α、β,把α、β之中值小的交叉角度作为纤维角度θ。
(8)对于图像中焦点对准的所有的短纤维11求出纤维角度θ,把求出的纤维角度的算术平均值作为平均纤维角度θm
附图标记说明
1:无纺布,2:表面,3:背面,6:隆起部,7:沟槽部,11:短纤维,21:高空隙部,100:纤维网,200:支承台(传送带),901:预备处理工序(第一工序),902:第二工序,911:第一喷射空气,921:第二喷射空气,A:长度方向,B:宽度方向,C:厚度方向,MD:机械方向,CD:交叉方向,θm:平均纤维角度。

Claims (7)

1.一种无纺布,该无纺布由相互熔接的短纤维形成并具有表面和背面,在所述表面形成有向一个方向相互并行地延伸的多条隆起部、和在所述隆起部彼此之间向所述一个方向延伸的多条沟槽部,其特征在于:
所述无纺布当将所述背面的一侧置于水平面来观察与所述一个方向正交的方向的剖面时,在所述隆起部的所述背面与所述水平面之间,形成作为比所述隆起部的所述短纤维彼此的间隙大的空隙的高空隙部,所述短纤维在所述隆起部之中的至少顶点附近以向所述无纺布的厚度方向延伸的方式倾斜。
2.如权利要求1所述的无纺布,其特征在于,在所述剖面中,经过所述隆起部的顶点并相对于所述水平面垂直的基准线与所述短纤维的交叉角度的平均值是75度以下。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的无纺布,其特征在于,空隙部面积率是3.5~25.0%,该空隙部面积率是指,在所述剖面中,所述隆起部的剖面面积之中所述短纤维彼此的间隙所占的面积与所述高空隙部的剖面面积之和、相对于所述隆起部的剖面面积与所述高空隙部的剖面面积的合计剖面面积所占的比例。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的无纺布,其特征在于,在所述表面施加20g/cm2的负荷3分钟再静置5分钟之后的所述隆起部的高度的弹性回复率为至少85%。
5.如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的无纺布,其特征在于,所述无纺布具有10~80g/m2的单位质量,所述短纤维是具有1~11dtex的纤细度和20~80mm的纤维长度的经过亲水化处理的短纤维。
6.如权利要求1~5中任一项所述的无纺布,其特征在于,所述短纤维是由熔融温度不同的两种热塑性合成树脂形成的复合纤维,经由所述两种之中所述熔融温度低的一方的所述热塑性合成树脂进行相互熔接。
7.一种无纺布的制造方法,其特征在于,在权利要求1所述的无纺布的制造工序中包括下述工序:
(1)第一工序,该第一工序作为纤维网的预备处理工序,把由热塑性合成树脂的短纤维形成并具有表面和背面的纤维网放置在通气性的支承台上,从所述支承台的下方使第一抽吸作用的同时使纤维网向机械方向行进,在从所述表面朝向所述背面的方向上对所述纤维网喷射第一喷射空气,该第一喷射空气为被加热的喷射空气且风量不足所述第一抽吸的吸气量的3倍,由此,使所述纤维网在厚度方向上压缩的同时使所述短纤维彼此熔接;以及
(2)第二工序,该第二工序在所述预备处理工序之后,从所述支承台的下方使第二抽吸作用的同时使放置在所述支承台上的所述纤维网向所述机械方向行进,从在与所述机械方向正交的交叉方向隔着所需要的间隔排列的多个喷嘴,在从所述纤维网的所述表面朝向所述背面的方向上喷射风量为所述第二抽吸的吸气量的3倍以上的第二喷射空气,使所述第二喷射空气的所述风量的一部分由所述支承台反射,由此,形成向所述机械方向相互并行地延伸的多条隆起部、和在所述隆起部彼此之间向所述机械方向延伸的多条沟槽部,而且,在所述隆起部的所述背面和所述支承台之间,形成比所述隆起部的所述短纤维彼此的间隙大的高空隙部。
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