CN102536239B - Long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method - Google Patents
Long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method which comprises the following steps of: (1) digging an upper gate road tunnel and a lower gate road tunnel; (2) reinforcing a roof plate of the lower gate road tunnel, and drilling an energy collecting hole for presplitting blasting on the roof plate; (3) recovering till that a gob is formed; (4) blasting in response to the energy collecting hole, so that a kerf is formed at the roof plate; (5) breaking and sinking a mining face, so that a new tunnel is formed; (6) taking the original lower gate road tunnel as the upper gate road tunnel of the next mining face, and digging a lower gate road tunnel opposite to the upper gate road tunnel, so that a new mining face is formed; and (7) repeating the steps (2)-(6), and continuously mining coal till that the coal bed is completely mined. Every two mining faces in the method are continuous, and can not be supported by coal pillars, so that the method is high in mining efficiency, free of long-time waiting when the tunnel is formed, and high in working efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of exploitation method of coal seam, especially relevant with the seam mining method of coal wall.
Background technology
Increase along with the coal mining degree of depth; broadwall adopts the upper gate road of way protection of reserved coal pillar conventionally; urgency due to geostatic stress when tunnel is darker increases the width increase that causes reserved coal pillar; conventional longwall exploitation work plane stays (pick) lane production practice along sky; the roadway engineering amount that exists in during deep mining operation is large, digging than high, production efficiency is low; the potential safety hazards such as Gas Outburst, the bump that serious waste of resources and reserved coal pillar cause takes place frequently, goaf air leaking, have become the significant problem that perplexs and affect safety of coal mines and high-efficiency mining.
Mainly in coal mining country, for the research without coal pillar mining, mainly concentrate on gob side entry driving and gob side entry retaining two aspects both at home and abroad at present.Gob side entry driving is after a upper working face extraction completes, and stope roof caving is abundant, and spoil obtains pushing compacting, overlying strata ore deposit is pressed to manifest and is stopped, after adjoining rock stability, in goaf and one of coal body edge formation, unload pressure zone, in unloading pressure zone, again tunnel a new tunnel.Gob side entry driving must be complete at a upper section working face extraction, and stope roof caving completes also just can dig lane after compacting, therefore needs considerable time, to the production of a lot of mines of China, takes over and cause very large difficulty.
Gob side entry retaining is in this working face extraction process, to adopt relevant technology that the lower crossheading in this work plane is remained, as the upper crossheading of next working face extraction.In current edge air gallery technology, in lane, supporting has successively developed log hut, H shaped steel shack, compressibile support, anchor rete cord etc., and roadside support has developed the technology such as grillage, close standing props, waste pack, concrete block, paste body filling and high-water material filling.Although obtain certain achievement, still have a lot of deficiencies and problem: ignore the support action of the other coal body in lane, in lane, less, roadside support and surrouding rock deformation are inharmonious for the application of active support technology, and design of its support lacks systematicness.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide that a kind of supporting is reliable, production efficiency is high and the long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method of coal column need not be set.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method, comprises the steps:
(1) on coal seam, excavate two tunnels that are communicated with and as head, adopt upper gate road and the lower gate road of face;
(2) lower gate road top board is reinforced, and be upwards drilled with successively a plurality of cumulatives hole being arranged in a linear on this lower gate road top board;
(3) carry out back production, until form goaf, tunnel disappears;
(4) in goaf, explosion is carried out in the corresponding cumulative hole site of the top board of former lower crossheading position, the pre-broken face of a side formation at top board near production face, and this pre-broken face is the joint-cutting along the two-way extension of former lower crossheading direction near a side of production face at top board;
(5) pressure from deep layer rock stratum, top, goaf sinks production face roof break, and former lower gate road position becomes tunnel again, and the goaf being caving has formed the lateral wall of time gate road after the pre-broken face in lower gate road presplitting side edge is caving;
(6) using tunnel that former lower gate road position automatically forms as the upper gate road of next production face, and excavate relatively the lower gate road of gate road on this, form new production face;
(7) repeating said steps (2)-(6), cut coal continuously, until this seam mining is complete.
Further, described step also comprises the steps: sensor installation on the top board of lower gate road in (2), and wire transmission is to ground, and lower gate road state is carried out to remote real time monitoring.
Further, in described step (2), adopt constant resistance and large deformation anchor rod to reinforce the back as lower crossheading.
Further, in described step (4), adopt bilateral cumulative energy presplit blasting method to carry out directed joint-cutting.
Further, in described step (1) and step (6), also need that leakproof fire prevention is carried out in tunnel and process.
Further, in described step (2), sensor comprises roof separation indicator and rockbolt stress instrument.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, the present invention compared with prior art, in the present invention, on the top board of lower gate road work plane one side, be drilled with the cumulative hole for presplit blasting, and carry out explosion in corresponding cumulative hole site, a side at top board near production face forms along the joint-cutting of former lower gate road direction extension, goaf is caving along this joint-cutting, make former lower gate road position automatic lane forming, and this back is not caving by can in goaf to be affected, can keep good state, then the upper gate road that this tunnel is next production face of take continues next round exploitation, between every two production face, be continuous, without coal column, support, coefficient of mining is high, Qie Cheng lane process need not wait as long for, operating efficiency improves.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
Fig. 1 is production face structure schematic top plan view in a kind of long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that in a kind of long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method of the present invention, production face structure master looks schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that in a kind of long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method of the present invention, head adopts crossheading reinforcing and hole structure schematic diagram under face;
Fig. 4 is that in a kind of long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method of the present invention, head adopts face formation goaf structural representation;
Fig. 5 is that in a kind of long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method of the present invention, goaf is caving structural representation;
Fig. 6 is constant resistance and large deformation anchor rod structural representation in a kind of long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The exemplary embodiments that embodies feature & benefits of the present invention will describe in detail in the following description.Be understood that the present invention can have various variations on different embodiment, it neither departs from the scope of the present invention, and explanation wherein and accompanying drawing be when the use that explain in itself, but not in order to limit the present invention.
In the present invention, adopt without pillar mining method, first need to form head and adopt face.As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the method that formation head adopts face 1 is identical with existing method, on the edge of seam mining, establish and exploit first position, on this position, adopt the S100A type machine of always determining to excavate parallel tunnel 2,3,2,3, two, two parallel tunnels and be communicated with by tunnel 4 at afterbody.Submarginal tunnel 2 is upper gate road, near the tunnel 3 of continuing production face, is lower gate road, and in connection, gate road 2 is back production face 4 with the tunnel of lower gate road 3.Each production face must form two tunnels, and upper gate road is for transport of materials tunnel, and lower gate road is the tunnel for return air.In reality exploitation, from back production face 4, exploit, until adopt all coal in region between empty upper gate road 2 and lower gate road 3, then carry out the exploitation of next production face.
Then as shown in Figure 3, the lower gate road 3 of head being adopted to face 1 carries out supporting.Supporting comprises passive protecting and active support, and passive protecting is to take and put framework in lower gate road 3, bears passively the strength that lower gate road 3 top boards press down, and this kind support pattern consumptive material is high, cost is high and supporting effect is limited.Active support is to install anchor pole additional on lower gate road 3 top boards 5, and with Strengthening Roof 5, the general length of this anchor pole 6, at 5-10 rice, is carried out the top board 5 of gate road 3 under jacking by connecting the comparatively firm lithosphere in upper strata.Common bolt deformation amount is little, easily fractures, and adopts constant resistance and large deformation anchor rod to reinforce in the present invention, and the patent that notification number is CN101858225B has been carried out open in detail to this constant resistance and large deformation anchor rod.Constant resistance and large deformation anchor rod 6 is evenly distributed on the top board 5 of lower gate road 3 that head adopts face 1, and spacing is set in 2-5 rice as required.
As shown in Figure 6, constant resistance and large deformation anchor rod 6 is for a of roadway with large deformation and high stress tunnel design, can keep constant-resistance and lean on mechanical carriage to keep the anchor pole of elongation specially.Constant resistance and large deformation anchor rod 6 comprises nut 61, ball pad 62, pallet 63, permanent resistance install 64, adapter sleeve 65 and the body of rod 66, permanent resistance install 64 is tubular structure, be set in the afterbody of the body of rod 66, pallet 63 and nut 61 are sleeved on the afterbody of permanent resistance install 64 successively, wherein the mid portion of pallet 63 is provided with a hole and passes for permanent resistance install 64, nut 61 is threadedly connected to permanent resistance install 64, and the ball pad 62 of buffering is installed between nut 61 and pallet 63, and adapter sleeve is arranged on permanent resistance install 64 other ends.
In the time of in constant resistance and large deformation anchor rod 6 is applied to tunnel, when the deformation energy of roadway surrounding rock exceeds the scope that anchor pole can bear, by being provided with permanent resistance install 64 and the anchor rod body 66 of helicitic texture on its bonding surface, produce relative displacement, also this anchor pole 6 shows as the large deformation of radial drawing along with country rock large deformation.After country rock generation large deformation, its energy is discharged, and constant resistance and large deformation anchor rod 6 still can keep constant working resistance after stretching, the deformation energy of country rock is less than the constant working resistance of constant resistance and large deformation anchor rod 6, permanent resistance install 64 restore to the original state and tightly be sleeved on the body of rod 66 time, tunnel will be again in stable state, has realized the stable of tunnel, has eliminated the potential safety hazards such as roof fall impact.Constant resistance and large deformation anchor rod 6 bearing capacity 15～20KN, elongation all can reach 300～600mm, has larger deformability to adapt to the large deformation ability of gob side entry.
In addition, at head, adopt crossheading 3 under face and near head, adopt on the top board 5 of a side of face 1, use MQT-120J rig on top board 5, to be upwards drilled with successively the cumulative hole 7 being arranged in a linear, to facilitate by this cumulative hole 7, carry out explosion, realize directed joint-cutting.These cumulative hole 7 spacing, at 2-5 rice, are determined according to actual rock stratum feature.Meanwhile, also need, to each tunnel 2,3,4 spraying urine aldehyde plastic foams, with leakproof, to prevent fires.
In the present invention, roof separation indicator and rockbolt stress instrument are also installed on the top board 5 of adopting gate road 3 under face as head, also can on the sidewall of lower gate road 3 and relevant position, bottom surface, shaped position sensor be installed.Roof separation indicator is arranged on top board 5, can find out definite near point with respect to the relative displacement variation of definite far point, to monitor top board 5 falling states; Rockbolt stress instrument is arranged on top board 5 by anchor pole 6, can find out the pressure of pallet 63 end faces of 5 pairs of constant resistance and large deformation anchor rods 6 of top board, to monitor top board 5 whereabouts pressure changing; Shaped position sensor is arranged on respectively on top board 5, bottom surface and two sidewalls of lower gate road 3, and lower gate road 3 cross sectional shapes are changed and monitored.Roof separation indicator, rockbolt stress instrument and shaped position sensor are monitored the signal obtaining and all by circuit, are transferred on ground, carry out on the ground data transaction, and by forms such as Ethernets, the data after changing are carried out to remote transmission, staff can and analyze these data in remote monitoring, realizes lower gate road 3 states are carried out to remote real time monitoring.
Complete after above-mentioned work, in this production face, progressively carry out back production, until form goaf.As shown in Figure 4, form behind goaf, the lower gate road 3 one side sidewalls that head adopts face 1 disappear, and join together with goaf, and tunnel disappears.
Head adopts face 1 and forms behind goaf, on the top board 5 of former lower gate road 3, bilateral cumulative energy presplit blasting device is installed in the position in corresponding cumulative hole 7, connect explosion lead-in wire, this place's top board 5 is carried out to explosion presplitting, top board 5 at former lower gate road 3 forms a pre-broken face near goaf one side, this pre-broken face is the joint-cutting along the two-way extension of former lower crossheading 3 direction near a side of production face at top board 5, namely on the top board 5 of former lower gate road 3, has realized directed joint-cutting.The patent No. of bilateral cumulative energy presplit blasting method is ZL200610113007X, and this blasting method can realize the presplitting effect to top board 5 country rocks, can protect again top board 5 not to be subject to the destruction of explosion simultaneously; be simple and easy to use; demolition effect is good, with low cost, easy to operate.
This blasting technique big gun hole of constructing on presplitting line, adopts the powder charge of bilateral cumulative energy device, and makes cumulative direction corresponding to rock mass presplitting direction.Detonation product will form cumulative shooting flow on two direction initializations, and produce concentrated tensile stress, and presplitting big gun hole is run through along cumulative direction, form pre-broken face.Because the rock between boring is broken; rendrock unit consumption will decline greatly; due to the protection of energy-gathering device to country rock, borehole circumference rock mass institute damaged also reduces greatly, so this technology can reach the object that can protect again gob side entry top board when realizing presplitting simultaneously.Wherein bilateral cumulative energy device is through processing by the tubing (comprising two kinds of pvc pipe and metal tubes) of some strength (uniaxial compressive strength is 1.6MPa～2.0MPa); Energy-gathering device diameter is different according to blasthole diameter, and the size of its value is determined according to the coefficient of decoupling charge of specific rock mass; Cumulative hole shape on bidirectional stretch energy-gathering device is various, can be circular, oval, square, rectangle etc., and its parameter is determined according to lithology, explosive; The stress of primary rock states of cumulative hole pore size on bidirectional stretch energy-gathering device, pitch of holes and lithology, rock mass structure and construction rock mass etc. are relevant, need to set up corresponding functional relation, according to correlation computations result, design.
Goaf is under directed joint-cutting impact and under the deep layer rock pressure effect of above goaf, and goaf is caving, as shown in Figure 5.Due to former head, adopt the top board 5 of gate road 3 under face and implemented directed joint-cutting, goaf is caving the top board 5 that the lower former head of Shi Buhui band adopts gate road 3 under face, the goaf being caving has formed the lateral wall (being a-quadrant in Fig. 5) of time gate road 3 after the lower gate road 3 pre-broken faces in presplitting sides edge are caving, and former lower gate road 3 positions become tunnel again.To the lateral wall of the upper gate road 3 of new formation, adopt plain concrete to whitewash airtight, prevent that the pernicious gases such as gas in goaf, CO from entering in the upper gate road 3 of new formation, the lower gate road 3 that former like this head adopts face is just retained the upper gate road that is used as second work plane and reuses.In like manner, while carrying out the back production of the 3rd work plane, utilize the upper gate road of process of the present invention using the lower gate road of second work plane as the 3rd work plane to use.
Finally, the former head of usining adopts tunnel 3 that gate road position under face forms automatically as the upper gate road of next production face, and excavates relatively the lower gate road of gate road 3 on this, and forms new production face.Meanwhile, also need, to each tunnel spraying urine aldehyde plastic foam, with leakproof, to prevent fires.
Repeat above-mentioned stages of mining, cut coal continuously, until this seam mining is complete.Just realized coal wall without coal pillar mining.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, the present invention compared with prior art, in the present invention, on the top board 5 of work plane one side of lower gate road 3, be drilled with the cumulative hole 7 for presplit blasting, and carry out explosion in corresponding cumulative hole site, a side at top board 5 near production face forms along the joint-cutting of former lower gate road 3 directions extensions, goaf is caving along this joint-cutting, make former lower gate road 3 position automatic lane formings, and the top board 5 in this tunnel 3 is not caving by can in goaf to be affected, can keep good state, then the upper gate road that this tunnel 3 is next production face of take continues next round exploitation, between every two production face, be continuous, without coal column, support, coefficient of mining is high, Qie Cheng lane process need not wait as long for, operating efficiency improves.
Technical scheme of the present invention is disclosed as above by preferred embodiment.Those skilled in the art should recognize in the situation that do not depart from change and the retouching that scope and spirit of the present invention that the appended claim of the present invention discloses are done, within all belonging to the protection domain of claim of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) on coal seam, excavate two tunnels that are communicated with and as head, adopt upper gate road and the lower gate road of face;
(2) lower gate road top board is reinforced, and be upwards drilled with successively a plurality of cumulatives hole being arranged in a linear on this lower gate road top board;
(3) carry out back production, until form goaf, tunnel disappears;
(4) in goaf, explosion is carried out in the corresponding cumulative hole site of the top board of former lower crossheading position, the pre-broken face of a side formation at top board near production face, and this pre-broken face is the joint-cutting along the two-way extension of former lower crossheading direction near a side of production face at top board;
(5) pressure from deep layer rock stratum, top, goaf sinks production face roof break, and former lower gate road position becomes tunnel again, and the goaf being caving has formed the lateral wall of time gate road after the pre-broken face in lower gate road presplitting side edge is caving;
(6) using tunnel that former lower gate road position automatically forms as the upper gate road of next production face, and excavate relatively the lower gate road of gate road on this, form new production face;
(7) repeating said steps (2)-(6), cut coal continuously, until this seam mining is complete.
2. long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step also comprises the steps: sensor installation on the top board of lower gate road in (2), and wire transmission is to ground, and lower gate road state is carried out to remote real time monitoring.
3. long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, adopts constant resistance and large deformation anchor rod to reinforce the back as lower crossheading in described step (2).
4. long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, adopts bilateral cumulative energy presplit blasting method to carry out directed joint-cutting in described step (4).
5. long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (1) and step (6), also needs that leakproof fire prevention is carried out in tunnel and processes.
6. long-wall working face coal pillar-free mining method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, in described step (2), sensor comprises roof separation indicator and rockbolt stress instrument.
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