CN110966002B - A method of roof cutting and pressure relief based on dense drilling - Google Patents

A method of roof cutting and pressure relief based on dense drilling Download PDF

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CN110966002B
CN110966002B CN201911200014.7A CN201911200014A CN110966002B CN 110966002 B CN110966002 B CN 110966002B CN 201911200014 A CN201911200014 A CN 201911200014A CN 110966002 B CN110966002 B CN 110966002B
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drilling
pressure relief
roof
upper section
dense
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CN110966002A (en
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姚强岭
刘梓昌
夏泽
马军强
申乾
李�杰
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02Determining slope or direction
    • E21B47/022Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/04Measuring depth or liquid level
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/08Measuring diameters or related dimensions at the borehole
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于密集钻孔的切顶卸压方法,包括步骤S1:确定钻孔布置区域;S2:钻孔的间距依据钻孔周边岩体塑性区的边界确定,以保证密集钻孔能有效构造人工岩体结构弱化带;钻孔角度根据砌体梁理论和围岩结构S‑R稳定原理选取;钻孔的深度依据顶板自重与采动应力能克服人工岩体结构弱化带的残余抗剪强度的条件进行计算选取;S3:在上区段工作面临近下区段的顺槽超前支护段外,沿着工作面方向朝斜向上区段方向成组打钻孔。本发明通过密集钻孔开挖,使钻孔的弱化带相互叠加、互相连通,从而形成人工岩体结构弱化带,以对上区段顶板进行人工切顶卸压,极大减少了切顶成本,操作简单且对矿井环境自适应性强。

Figure 201911200014

The invention discloses a method for top cutting and pressure relief based on dense drilling, which includes steps S1: determining the drilling arrangement area; S2: determining the spacing of the drilling holes according to the boundary of the plastic zone of the rock mass around the drilling holes, so as to ensure the dense drilling holes It can effectively construct the weakened zone of artificial rock mass structure; the drilling angle is selected according to the masonry beam theory and the S-R stability principle of the surrounding rock structure; the depth of the drilling hole is based on the dead weight of the roof and the mining stress, which can overcome the residual of the weakened zone of the artificial rock mass structure. The conditions of shear strength are calculated and selected; S3: Drill holes in groups along the direction of the working face towards the direction of the oblique upper section outside the forward support section along the groove near the lower section of the working face of the upper section. In the present invention, through intensive drilling and excavation, the weakened zones of the boreholes are superimposed and connected with each other, so as to form a weakened zone of artificial rock mass structure, so as to perform artificial roof cutting and pressure relief on the roof of the upper section, which greatly reduces the cost of roof cutting. , simple operation and strong adaptability to the mine environment.

Figure 201911200014

Description

Roof cutting pressure relief method based on intensive drilling
Technical Field
The invention relates to a drilling top-cutting pressure relief method, in particular to a top-cutting pressure relief method based on intensive drilling.
Background
By 2020, the coal yield in China can reach 39 hundred million tons, and the coal yield is increased by 9.57 hundred million tons compared with the prior art. To meet the demand for coal, the mining depth is increasing every year. On one hand, along with the increase of the depth of a coal seam, the mine pressure is continuously increased, and in order to meet production requirements, the tunneling of the gate way of the working face of the lower section must be carried out while the mining of the working face of the upper section is carried out, and the surrounding rock of the gob-side roadway is in a high stress state under the influence of the mining of the upper section. On the other hand, 38% of the fully mechanized mining working surfaces in China belong to hard top plates with high pressure intensity, after the working surfaces are mined, the hard top plates are difficult to collapse in time, a cantilever structure is easy to form, the cantilever structure can be caused to rotate and sink after the basic roof is broken, the stress of surrounding rocks around an adjacent roadway is increased, the roadway adjacent to the working surfaces is seriously deformed, and the dynamic disasters such as severe vibration and impact mine pressure of rock masses of the working surfaces, coal and gas outburst and the like are caused.
Aiming at the problems of serious gob-side entry driving surrounding rock deformation and high roof control difficulty, the deformation of the surrounding rock cannot be effectively controlled by means of the traditional anchor rod and anchor cable for reinforcing and supporting the roadway, and the stress concentration of the gob-side roadway surrounding rock can be fundamentally reduced only by cutting off the mechanical connection between the basic top cantilever rock beam of the gob-side basic top and the gob-side roadway roof plate and releasing the elastic potential energy accumulated in the roof plate, so that the stability of the gob-side roadway surrounding rock is improved. The existing common technical methods comprise a blasting top-cutting pressure relief technology, a hydraulic fracturing weakening top-cutting pressure relief technology and a composite perforation top-cutting pressure relief technology. However, explosive blasting is adopted in both blasting top-cutting pressure relief technology and composite perforation top-cutting pressure relief technology, explosive blasting is only suitable for low-gas mines, high-gas mines need strict use technical requirements, and top-cutting blasting may cause the roof in a roadway to be cut down in advance, so that roof management is difficult. The hydraulic fracturing weakening roof-cutting pressure relief technology has the problems of complex equipment process, poor adaptability to roadway natural conditions and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a roof cutting pressure relief method based on dense drilling, which is characterized in that dense drilling is carried out on a top plate through reasonably designing drilling parameters, and roof cutting pressure relief is carried out; the problem of overlarge rock burst during mining of small coal pillars in the process of coal mine deep mining gob-side entry retaining can be effectively solved; the roof cutting and pressure relief can be carried out in time under the conditions that a hard roof of the goaf cannot be collapsed in time and the elastic potential energy in the roof is accumulated in a large amount; in order to reduce the number of drilling holes as much as possible to improve the labor efficiency under the condition of ensuring the roof cutting and pressure relief, drilling parameters need to be calculated to obtain an optimal value.
The invention discloses a roof cutting and pressure relief method based on dense drilling, which comprises the following steps of:
s1: determining a borehole arrangement area: the drill holes are positioned on the top plate of the gate way along the upper section and are adjacent to the lower section, and the arrangement direction of the drill holes is the same as the direction extending along the gate way;
s2: determining drilling parameters required by top cutting, including the diameter, the interval, the angle and the depth of a drill hole;
diameter of the drilled hole: according to the size damage condition of the plastic damage area around the drill holes with different diameters, values are taken through calculation of a mechanical formula and numerical simulation;
the distance between the drilled holes: solving the stress state of the rock mass around the drill hole according to an elastic theory, obtaining an approximate boundary line equation of the plastic zone of the rock mass around the drill hole according to the elastic mechanics theory, the stress balance condition of the elastic-plastic zone and a Moire intensity criterion, and calculating and determining a reasonable drill hole interval by substituting mine geological data so as to connect the weakening zones outside the adjacent drill hole plastic zones to form the weakening zones;
drilling angle: selecting an included angle between a drill hole and a roadway top plate in the horizontal direction from a lower section to an upper section according to a masonry beam theory and a surrounding rock structure S-R stabilization principle;
drilling depth: after the artificial rock mass structure weakening zone is constructed through the intensive drilling, the self weight of the direct roof and the basic roof and the mining stress caused by the extraction of a working face can stride and fall only by overcoming the residual shear strength of the artificial rock mass structure weakening zone, so that the drilling depth is determined;
s3: drilling construction: and (4) outside the forward-supporting section of the working face of the upper section, which is close to the lower section, of the gateway, and drilling a row of holes above the section obliquely upwards along the direction of the working face according to the drilling parameters determined in the step S2 at the position selected in the step S1.
Further, in step S1, the position of the drill hole is located on the gate board along the next lower section of the upper section, and is located on the side of the coal pillar reserved between the upper section and the lower section.
Preferably, the diameter of the drilled hole is 10-100 mm.
Preferably, the distance between the drill holes is 100-500 mm.
Preferably, the drilling depth is not less than 7 m.
Preferably, the drilling angle is 70-90 degrees.
According to the roof cutting and pressure relief method based on the intensive drilling, provided by the invention, based on the surrounding rock loosening circle theory, drilling parameters can be determined, weakening zones formed by drilling and excavation are mutually overlapped and communicated to form an artificial rock mass structure weakening zone, and a hard top plate of a goaf is broken along an artificial structure weakening plane, namely the artificial rock mass structure weakening zone at an expected position in the stoping process, so that the aim of roof cutting and pressure relief is fulfilled. The problem of overlarge impact ground pressure during small coal pillar mining in the process of coal mine deep mining gob-side entry retaining can be effectively solved; and the roof cutting and pressure relief can be carried out in time under the conditions that the hard roof of the goaf cannot be collapsed in time and the elastic potential energy in the roof is accumulated in a large amount.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a borehole layout for a compact borehole based roof cutting pressure relief method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line I-I of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the collapse of the top plate of FIG. 1 after cutting the top of the drilled hole at II-II;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the distribution of the area of influence of the borehole;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a pressure relief stack for a tight-gauge borehole;
in the figure, 1, gate; 2. an upper section; 3. naturally caving the top plate; 4. top cutting and roof caving; 5. a lower section; 6. drilling; 7. a crushing zone; 8. a plastic region; 9. a weakening zone.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and a mineral case.
The invention provides a roof cutting and pressure relief method based on dense drilling, which comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the arrangement area of the drill holes 6: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the bore 6 is located along the roof of the gate 1 immediately adjacent to the lower section 5 in the upper section 2; the arrangement direction of the drill holes 6 is the same as the extending direction along the gate 1; thereby determining various parameters of the rock formation in the arrangement area of the borehole 6 and providing a basis for the selection of the parameters of the borehole 6. Preferably, the bore 6 may be arranged at a position on the side of the coal pillar reserved between the upper section 2 and the lower section 5.
S2: determining parameters of the drill hole 6 required by top cutting, including the diameter, the interval, the angle and the depth of the drill hole 6;
diameter of the bore 6: according to the size damage condition of the plastic damage area around the drill holes 6 with different diameters, the values are calculated through a mechanical formula and are obtained through numerical simulation: the range of the selection can be 10-100 mm;
spacing of the drilled holes 6: the fracture area 7, the plastic area 8 and the stressed state of a single drill hole 6 are shown in fig. 4, and the fracture area 7, the plastic area 8 and the weakened zone 9 of the drill hole 6 are arranged from the center of the drill hole 6 to the outside in sequence. Solving the stress state of the rock mass around the drill hole 6 according to the elastic theory, obtaining an approximate boundary line equation of the plastic zone 8 of the rock mass around the drill hole 6 according to the elastic mechanics theory, the elastic plastic zone stress balance condition and the Moire strength criterion, and connecting the weakening zones 9 outside the plastic zones 8 of the adjacent drill holes 6 by determining the reasonable distance between the drill holes 6; as shown in fig. 5. The distance between the drill holes 6 can be determined to be 100-500 mm by integrating the actual conditions of all coal mines;
drilling 6 angles: according to the masonry beam theory and the surrounding rock structure S-R stabilization principle, selecting a drilling hole 6 according to an included angle of 70-90 degrees with a horizontal direction from a lower section 5 to an upper section 2 of a roadway roof through calculation; i.e. the angle as shown in fig. 2.
Depth of the drilled hole 6: after the artificial rock mass structure weakening zone is constructed through the intensive drilling 6, the weights of the direct roof and the basic roof and the mining stress caused by the stoping of a working face can stride and fall only by overcoming the residual shear strength of the artificial rock mass structure weakening zone; therefore, an equilibrium equation is derived, and the depth of the borehole 6 is determined by substituting the in situ formation specific parameters. The depth of the bore 6 in a mine is taken to be not less than 7 m.
S3: and (6) drilling 6: in the position close to the reserved coal pillar side, a row of drill holes 6 are drilled obliquely upward from the section 2 along the working face direction according to the parameters of the drill holes 6 determined in the step S2 outside the forepoling section of the gate 1 close to the lower section 5 of the working face of the upper section 2, so as to form dense drill holes 6, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
If roof cutting and pressure relief are not carried out, the top plate of the goaf naturally collapses after the working face of the upper section 2 is pushed forwards, the top plate above the crossheading 1 adjacent to the lower section 5 forms a cantilever structure, and when the roadway is excavated along the air below the cantilever structure again, the roadway pressure is large, and maintenance is difficult. After the holes 6 are drilled according to the parameters of the holes 6, the superposition state of the weakening zones 9 of the holes 6 is shown in fig. 5, the multiple holes 6 form dense-level holes 6, the weakening zones 9 are superposed, under the influence of mining disturbance and high surrounding rock stress, the dense holes 6 are mutually connected and communicated to form an artificial rock mass structure weakening zone structure, under the influence of self weight and mining movement of a rock mass, the top plate can be cut along the weakening zone, as shown in fig. 3, the top plate in a goaf collapses to form a naturally-collapsed top plate 3, and the top plate above the gateway 1 collapses to form a top-cut collapsed top plate 4.
If the roof cutting work is finished and the working face of the upper section 2 is completely mined, the tunneling work of the working face gateway 1 of the lower section 5 can be immediately carried out, and as the basic top cantilever structure of the mining side is damaged, as shown in fig. 3, the influence of the basic top cantilever structure of the working face of the upper section 2 on the working face gateway 1 of the lower section 5 is small in the process of gob-side entry driving, the control difficulty of the surrounding rock of the roadway is reduced, and the supporting is relatively easy. If the excavation connection work is relatively tense, the excavation work of the crossheading 1 of the working face of the lower section 5 can be carried out after the small coal pillar mining side of the working face of the upper section 2 is cut and subjected to pressure relief. In the period of the gob-side excavation of the stope face, unstable bearing pressure stress increasing areas are generated in front of and behind the working face under the severe influence of overlying strata of the mining space after the working face of the upper section 2 is mined, in order to reduce the difficulty of roadway maintenance, the excavation of the gob-side roadway needs to be stopped in the mining-influenced severe areas of the working face of the upper section 2, only the stope of the working face of the upper section 2 and roof cutting pressure relief work are carried out, and the re-excavation work of the gob-side roadway is carried out after the mining of the working face of the upper section 2 exceeds the area. Because the violent mining influence area of the working surface of the upper section 2 is avoided, and the basic top cantilever structure of the mining side is damaged in the gob-side entry driving process of the working surface gate way 1 of the lower section 5, the influence of the mining dynamic pressure of the working surface of the upper section 2 is small, the control difficulty of surrounding rocks of the roadway is reduced, and the support is relatively easy.
According to the roof cutting and pressure relief method based on the intensive drilling, provided by the invention, based on the surrounding rock loosening circle theory, drilling parameters can be determined, weakening zones formed by drilling and excavation are mutually overlapped and communicated to form an artificial rock mass structure weakening zone, and a hard top plate of a goaf is broken along an artificial structure weakening plane, namely the artificial rock mass structure weakening zone at an expected position in the stoping process, so that the aim of roof cutting and pressure relief is fulfilled. The problem of overlarge impact ground pressure during small coal pillar mining in the process of coal mine deep mining gob-side entry retaining can be effectively solved; and the roof cutting and pressure relief can be carried out in time under the conditions that the hard roof of the goaf cannot be collapsed in time and the elastic potential energy in the roof is accumulated in a large amount.

Claims (6)

1.一种基于密集钻孔的切顶卸压方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1. a method for decompression and pressure relief based on intensive drilling, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1:确定钻孔布置区域:钻孔位于沿着上区段中的紧邻下区段的顺槽顶板上,钻孔的排列方向与沿着顺槽延伸的方向同向;S1: Determine the drilling arrangement area: the drilling holes are located on the top plate along the groove along the upper section and adjacent to the lower section, and the arrangement direction of the drilling holes is the same as the direction extending along the groove; S2:确定切顶所需的钻孔参数,包括钻孔的直径、间距、角度、深度;S2: Determine the drilling parameters required for top cutting, including the diameter, spacing, angle, and depth of the drilling; 钻孔的直径:根据不同直径钻孔周围塑性破坏区大小破坏情况,通过力学公式计算及数值模拟进行取值;The diameter of the borehole: According to the size of the plastic failure zone around the borehole with different diameters, the value is obtained through mechanical formula calculation and numerical simulation; 钻孔的间距:根据弹性理论求解钻孔周围岩体的应力状态,由弹性力学理论、弹塑性区应力平衡条件和莫尔强度准则可得到钻孔周边岩体塑性区的近似边界线方程,通过代入矿井地质数据计算可确定合理的钻孔间距,使相邻的钻孔塑性区外的弱化带连接构成弱化带;Spacing of boreholes: According to the elastic theory, the stress state of the rock mass around the borehole can be obtained. The approximate boundary line equation of the plastic zone of the rock mass around the borehole can be obtained from the elastic mechanics theory, the stress balance condition of the elastic-plastic zone and the Mohr strength criterion. By substituting mine geological data for calculation, reasonable drilling spacing can be determined, so that weakened zones outside the plastic zone of adjacent boreholes can be connected to form weakened zones; 钻孔角度:根据砌体梁理论和围岩结构S-R稳定原理,选择钻孔与水平方向的夹角;Drilling angle: According to the masonry beam theory and the S-R stability principle of the surrounding rock structure, select the angle between the drilling and the horizontal direction; 钻孔深度:通过密集钻孔构造人工岩体结构弱化带后,直接顶和基本顶自身的重量和工作面的回采引起的采动应力需要克服人工岩体结构弱化带的残余抗剪强度才能跨落,从而确定钻孔深度;Drilling depth: After the artificial rock structure weakened zone is constructed through dense drilling, the weight of the direct roof and the basic roof and the mining stress caused by the mining of the working face need to overcome the residual shear strength of the artificial rock structure weakened zone to cross the area. drop, so as to determine the drilling depth; S3:钻孔施工:在上区段工作面临近下区段的顺槽超前支护段外,在步骤S1选取的位置上,按步骤S2中所确定的钻孔参数沿着工作面方向斜向上区段的上方打一列钻孔。S3: Drilling construction: outside the forward support section along the groove near the lower section of the working face of the upper section, at the position selected in step S1, according to the drilling parameters determined in step S2, obliquely upward along the working face direction Drill a row of drill holes on the top of the section. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于密集钻孔的切顶卸压方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,钻孔的位置位于沿着上区段中的紧邻下区段的顺槽顶板上,且位于上区段与下区段中间预留的煤柱侧。2 . A method for top cutting and decompression based on dense drilling according to claim 1 , wherein in step S1 , the position of the drilling is located along the top plate along the groove in the upper section that is immediately adjacent to the lower section. 3 . on the coal pillar side reserved in the middle of the upper section and the lower section. 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种基于密集钻孔的切顶卸压方法,其特征在于,钻孔直径为10~100mm。3 . The method for top cutting and pressure relief based on dense drilling according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the diameter of the drilling is 10-100 mm. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种基于密集钻孔的切顶卸压方法,其特征在于,钻孔间距为100~500mm。4 . The method for top cutting and pressure relief based on dense drilling according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the spacing between the drilling holes is 100-500 mm. 5 . 5.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种基于密集钻孔的切顶卸压方法,其特征在于,钻孔深度不小于7m。5 . The method for top cutting and pressure relief based on intensive drilling according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the drilling depth is not less than 7m. 6 . 6.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种基于密集钻孔的切顶卸压方法,其特征在于,钻孔角度为70~90°。6 . The method for top cutting and pressure relief based on dense drilling according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the drilling angle is 70° to 90°. 7 .
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CN116104474B (en) * 2023-02-17 2023-08-29 安徽纬培矿山科技有限责任公司 Roof cutting pressure relief method based on roof cutting drilling hole edge concentrated stress fracturing principle

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CN111982632B (en) * 2020-08-27 2023-11-21 大同煤矿集团有限责任公司 A method for simulating the weakening zone of coal mine roof cutting
CN114352286A (en) * 2021-12-10 2022-04-15 安徽恒源煤电股份有限公司 A rapid construction support method for the withdrawal channel of fully mechanized mining face
CN114370250B (en) * 2022-01-12 2023-05-05 山东省煤田地质局第三勘探队 Goaf disaster management method based on stratum exploration

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