CN102533101B - 涂布型扩散剂组合物 - Google Patents
涂布型扩散剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102533101B CN102533101B CN201110378630.9A CN201110378630A CN102533101B CN 102533101 B CN102533101 B CN 102533101B CN 201110378630 A CN201110378630 A CN 201110378630A CN 102533101 B CN102533101 B CN 102533101B
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- diffusing agent
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- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OSFBJERFMQCEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylidene Chemical group [CH]CC OSFBJERFMQCEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYBKVVRRGQSGDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl methyl silicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OC)(OCC)OCC QYBKVVRRGQSGDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明的一个方案的扩散剂组合物含有以下述通式(1)表示的烷氧基硅烷为起始原料的缩合产物(A)、杂质扩散成分(C)和有机溶剂(D)。式(1)中,R1、R2是有机基团,多个R1、R2可以相同,也可以不同。m是0、1、或2。其中,m=0的情况下,缩合产物(A)由多个(1)形成,必然包含m=1或2的烷氧基硅烷。〔化1〕R1 mSi(OR2)4-m??(1)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含用于扩散到半导体基板内的杂质扩散成分的涂布型扩散剂组合物。特别是本发明涉及适合通过喷墨方式在半导体基板表面形成图案的扩散剂组合物。
背景技术
目前,在太阳电池的制造中,半导体基板中形成例如N型杂质扩散层的情况下,从将包含N型杂质扩散成分的扩散剂涂布于半导体基板表面而得的扩散剂中扩散N型杂质扩散成分,形成N型杂质扩散层。具体而言,首先,在半导体基板表面形成热氧化膜,接着通过光刻法将具有规定的图案的抗蚀剂层叠在热氧化膜上,以该抗蚀剂为掩模,通过酸或碱蚀刻被抗蚀剂遮掩的热氧化膜部分,将抗蚀剂剥离,形成热氧化膜的掩模。涂布包含N型杂质扩散成分的扩散剂,在掩模开口的部分形成扩散膜。通过高温使该部分扩散,形成N型杂质扩散层。
另外,近年来提出了使用喷墨方式将扩散剂在半导体基板表面进行图案化的方法(例如参照专利文献1~3)。喷墨方式中,不使用掩模,从喷墨喷嘴向杂质扩散层形成区域选择性地喷出扩散剂并进行图案化,所以与现有的光刻法等相比,无需复杂的工序,即可边削减使用液量边容易地形成图案。
〔现有技术文献〕
〔专利文献〕
〔专利文献1〕日本特开2003-168810号公报
〔专利文献2〕日本特开2003-332606号公报
〔专利文献3〕日本特开2006-156646号公报
如果将现有的涂布型扩散剂涂布于太阳电池用硅晶片这样具有数微米的阶梯差的基板,则涂布液滞留于阶梯差的凹部,烧成·扩散时,滞留的扩散剂收缩导致裂纹产生。如果以不产生裂纹的方式将涂布液形成薄膜,换言之降低涂布液的浓度,则有在阶梯差的肩部(陡坡部)无法得到充分的膜厚的课题。
发明内容
〔发明所要解决的课题〕
本发明是鉴于上述课题完成的,其目的在于对于提供一种含杂质扩散成分的涂布型扩散剂组合物,涂布于半导体基板时能够得到充分的膜厚,并且进行烧成、扩散时难以出现裂纹的技术。
〔用于解决课题的手段〕
本发明的一个方案是一种涂布型扩散剂组合物。该扩散剂组合物是用于使杂质扩散成分扩散于半导体基板的扩散剂组合物,其特征在于,含有以下述通式(1)表示的烷氧基硅烷为起始原料的缩合产物(A)、杂质扩散成分(C)和有机溶剂(D)。
〔化1〕
R1 mSi(OR2)4-m(1)
式(1)中,R1、R2是有机基团,多个R1、R2可以相同,也可以不同。m是0、1、或2。其中,m=0的情况下,缩合产物(A)由多个通式(1)表示的烷氧基硅烷形成,必定包含m=1或2的烷氧基硅烷。
根据该方案的扩散剂组合物,能够得到充分的涂布膜厚,并且涂布于具有阶梯差的基板后,在进行烧成、扩散的情况下难以产生裂纹。
附图说明
图1的(A)~(C)是用于说明实施方式的杂质扩散层的形成方法的工序剖面图。
具体实施方式
通过优选实施方式说明本发明。但这些实施例只是用于说明本发明,并不限定本发明的范围。
实施方式的扩散剂组合物被用于向半导体基板扩散杂质。特别是本实施方式的扩散剂组合物在通过喷墨方式将涂布液在半导体基板上选择性地图案化时优选使用。应予说明,上述半导体基板能够用作太阳电池用基板。
实施方式的扩散剂组合物作为必需成分含有以烷氧基硅烷为起始原料的缩合产物(A)、杂质扩散成分(C)、和有机溶剂(D),作为任意成分含有缩合产物(B)。特别是本实施方式的扩散剂组合物适合通过喷墨涂布于具有0.5μm以上的阶梯差的基板。以下,对于扩散剂组合物包含的各成分进行详细说明。
(A)缩合产物
缩合产物(A)是以下述通式(1)表示的烷氧基硅烷为起始原料,将下述通式(1)表示的烷氧基硅烷水解而得到的反应产物。
〔化2〕
R1 mSi(OR2)4-m(1)
式(1)中,R1、R2是有机基团,多个R1、R2可以相同,也可以不同。m是0、1、或2。其中,m=0的情况下,缩合产物(A)由多个通式(1)表示的烷氧基硅烷形成,必定包含m=1或2的烷氧基硅烷。
上述通式(1)中的m为0的情况下的硅烷化合物(i)用下述通式(2)表示。
Si(OR51)a(OR52)b(OR53)c(OR54)d···(2)
式(2)中,R51、R52、R53及R54分别独立地表示与上述R2相同的有机基团。a、b、c及d是0≤a≤4、0≤b≤4、0≤c≤4、0≤d≤4,并且是满足a+b+c+d=4的条件的整数。
通式(1)中的m是1的情况下的硅烷化合物(ii)用下述通式(3)表示。
R65Si(OR66)e(OR67)f(OR68)g···(3)
式(3)中,R65表示与上述R1相同的有机基团。R66、R67、及R68分别独立地表示与上述R2相同的有机基团。e、f、及g是0≤e≤3、0≤f≤3、0≤g≤3,并且满足e+f+g=3的条件的整数。
通式(1)中的m是2的情况下的硅烷化合物(iii)用下述通式(4)表示。
R70R71Si(OR72)h(OR73)i···(4)
式(4)中,R70及R71表示与上述R1相同的有机基团。R72、及R73分别独立地表示与上述R2相同的有机基团。h及i是0≤h≤2、0≤i≤2,并且满足h+i=2的条件的整数。
缩合产物(A)例如可以通过将选自上述硅烷化合物(i)~(iii)中的1种或2种以上在酸催化剂、水、有机溶剂的存在下进行水解的方法来调制。特别是(i)表示的硅烷化合物必定与(ii)或(iii)的硅烷化合物一同水解。
酸催化剂可以使用有机酸、无机酸。作为无机酸,可以使用硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、盐酸等,其中优选磷酸、硝酸。作为有机酸,可以使用甲酸、草酸、富马酸、马来酸、冰醋酸、乙酸酐、丙酸、正丁酸等羧酸、及具有含硫酸残基的有机酸。作为具有含硫酸残基的有机酸,可以举出有机磺酸等,作为它们的酯化物,可以举出有机硫酸酯、有机亚硫酸酯等。其中,特别优选有机磺酸、例如下述通式(5)表示的化合物。
R13-X(5)
[上述式(5)中,R13是可以具有取代基的烃基,X是磺酸基。]
上述通式(5)中,作为R13的烃基,优选碳原子数为1~20的烃基。该烃基可以是饱和烃基,也可以是不饱和烃基,可以为直链状、支链状、环状中的任一种。R13的烃基为环状的情况下,例如优选苯基、萘基、蒽基等芳香族烃基,其中优选苯基。该芳香族烃基中的芳香环中,作为取代基,可以键合1个或多个碳原子数为1~20的烃基。作为该芳香环上的取代基的烃基可以是饱和的,也可以是不饱和的,可以是直链状、支链状、环状中的任一种。另外,作为R13的烃基可以具有1个或多个取代基,作为该取代基,例如可以举出氟原子等卤原子、磺酸基、羧基、羟基、氨基、氰基等。
上述酸催化剂作为在水的存在下将烷氧基硅烷水解时的催化剂起作用,但使用的酸催化剂量优选调制成在水解反应的反应系中的浓度为1~1000ppm、特别是5~800ppm的范围。水的添加量因此使得硅氧烷聚合物的水解率发生变化,所以对应于想要得到的水解率而决定。
水解反应的反应系中的有机溶剂例如可以举出甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇(IPA)、正丁醇之类一元醇、甲基-3-甲氧基丙酸酯、乙基-3-乙氧基丙酸酯之类烷基羧酸酯、乙二醇、二甘醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、己烷三醇等多元醇、乙二醇单甲基醚、乙二醇单乙基醚、乙二醇单丙基醚、乙二醇单丁基醚、二甘醇单甲基醚、二甘醇单乙基醚、二甘醇单丙基醚、二甘醇单丁基醚、丙二醇单甲基醚、丙二醇单乙基醚、丙二醇单丙基醚、丙二醇单丁基醚等多元醇的单醚类或它们的单乙酸酯类、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯之类酯类、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异戊基酮之类酮类、乙二醇二甲基醚、乙二醇二乙基醚、乙二醇二丙基醚、乙二醇二丁基醚、丙二醇二甲基醚、丙二醇二乙基醚、二甘醇二甲基醚、二甘醇二乙基醚、二甘醇甲基乙基醚之类多元醇的羟基全部烷基醚化而成的多元醇醚类等。上述有机溶剂可以单独使用,也可以组合2种以上进行使用。
通过在该反应系中使烷氧基硅烷发生水解反应,能够得到缩合产物(A)。该水解反应通常用5~100小时左右完成,为了缩短反应时间,优选在超过80℃的温度范围进行加热。
反应完成后,得到含有合成的缩合产物(A)和反应中使用的有机溶剂的反应溶液。缩合产物(A)可以通过目前公知的方法与有机溶剂分离,在干燥的固体状态下或根据需要置换了溶剂的溶液状态下通过上述方法而得到。
缩合产物(A)包含下述通式(6)表示的结构。
〔化3〕
式(6)中,X是烷氧基,Y是有机基团。n:l为95:5~0:100的范围。作为Y,可以举出烷基、芳基、环氧基、或-R3-R4表示的基团。式(6)中,多个X、Y可以相同,也可以不同。R4是芳基或含有乙烯性不饱和双键的基团,R3是碳原子数为1~9的亚烷基,可以是具有不同的R3的情况。
缩合产物(A)中,作为X中的烷氧基,可以举出碳原子数为1~10的烷氧基,优选碳原子数为1~5的烷氧基,例如可以举出甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、叔丁氧基。进一步可以优选举出甲氧基。
缩合产物(A)中,作为Y中的烷基,可以举出碳原子数为1~10的烷基,例如可以举出甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基等直链状的烷基;1-甲基乙基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、1-乙基丁基、2-乙基丁基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基等支链状的烷基;环戊基、环己基、金刚烷基、降冰片基、异冰片基、三环癸基等环状烷基。优选碳原子数为1~5的烷基,更优选碳原子数为1~3的烷基,特别优选为甲基。
缩合产物(A)中,作为Y中的芳基,例如可以举出苯基、联苯基(biphenyl)基、芴基(fluorenyl)基、萘基、蒽基(anthryl)、菲基等。优选为苯基。另外,Y的芳基可以具有烷基、烷氧基、羟基等取代基。作为Y的芳基的取代基中的烷基,可以举出与上述Y中的烷基同样的基团,作为Y的芳基的取代基中的烷氧基,可以举出与上述X中的烷氧基同样的基团。
缩合产物(A)中,作为Y中的环氧基,可以举出碳原子数为3~10的环氧基,更优选碳原子数为3~7的环氧基。
缩合产物(A)中,作为R3中的碳原子数为1~9的亚烷基,可以举出直链状或支链状的亚烷基。优选碳原子数为1~7、更优选碳原子数为1~5的直链状的亚烷基,特别是优选为亚甲基、亚乙基、正亚丙基。
缩合产物(A)中,作为R4中的含有乙烯性不饱和双键的基团,优选末端具有乙烯性不饱和双键的基团,特别优选下述式表示的基团。
〔化4〕
缩合产物(A)中,作为R4中的芳基,可以举出与上述Y中的芳基同样的基团。
缩合产物(A)中,作为Y,从在溶液中的保存稳定性优异方面考虑,特别优选芳基或-R3-R4表示的基团。
(B)缩合产物
缩合产物(B)是以下述通式(7)表示的烷氧基硅烷为起始原料,将下述通式(7)表示的烷氧基硅烷通过与缩合产物(A)同样的方法进行水解而得到的反应产物。
〔化5〕
Si(OR5)4(7)
式(7)中,R5是有机基团,多个R5可以相同,也可以不同。
上述通式(7)可以举出与上述通式(1)的m为0时的硅烷化合物(i)同样的化合物。
作为上述通式(7)的具体例,可以举出四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷、四丙氧基硅烷、四丁氧基硅烷、四戊氧基硅烷、四苯氧基硅烷、三甲氧基单乙氧基硅烷、二甲氧基二乙氧基硅烷、三乙氧基单甲氧基硅烷、三甲氧基单丙氧基硅烷、单甲氧基三丁氧基硅烷、单甲氧基三戊氧基硅烷、单甲氧基三苯氧基硅烷、二甲氧基二丙氧基硅烷、三丙氧基单甲氧基硅烷、三甲氧基单丁氧基硅烷、二甲氧基二丁氧基硅烷、三乙氧基单丙氧基硅烷、二乙氧基二丙氧基硅烷、三丁氧基单丙氧基硅烷、二甲氧基单乙氧基单丁氧基硅烷、二乙氧基单甲氧基单丁氧基硅烷、二乙氧基单丙氧基单丁氧基硅烷、二丙氧基单甲氧基单乙氧基硅烷、二丙氧基单甲氧基单丁氧基硅烷、二丙氧基单乙氧基单丁氧基硅烷、二丁氧基单甲氧基单乙氧基硅烷、二丁氧基单乙氧基单丙氧基硅烷、单甲氧基单乙氧基单丙氧基单丁氧基硅烷等四烷氧基硅烷,其中优选为四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷。
缩合产物(A)和缩合产物(B)的SiO2换算质量比(A:B)优选为100:0~5:95的范围。“SiO2换算质量比”是指缩合产物(A)中的SiO2换算质量和缩合产物(B)中的SiO2换算质量之比。另外,“SiO2换算质量”是指将各缩合产物中的Si成分的含量换算为SiO2的质量而得的值。即,缩合产物(A)作为构成成分是不可或缺的,缩合产物(B)为任意成分。其中,如果缩合产物(B)的质量比率超过95,则由缩合产物(A)产生的効果降低,故不优选。另外,考虑到通过在缩合产物(A)中添加缩合产物(B),能够提高扩散剂组合物的杂质扩散能力,优选本申请的扩散剂组合物含有缩合产物(A)和缩合产物(B)两者。SiO2换算质量比(A:B)更优选为85:15~10:90的范围,最优选为65:35~20:80的范围。
(C)杂质扩散成分
杂质扩散成分(C)是通常作为掺杂剂用于太阳电池的制造的化合物。杂质扩散成分(C)是含有III族(13族)或V族(15族)元素的化合物的N型或P型的杂质扩散成分,在形成太阳电池中的电极的工序中,能够在半导体基板内形成N型或P型的杂质扩散层(杂质扩散区域)。作为杂质扩散成分(C)包含的V族元素的化合物,例如可以举出P2O5、Bi2O3、Sb(OCH2CH3)3、SbCl3、As(OC4H9)3、磷酸二丁酯、磷酸单丁酯、磷酸二乙酯、磷酸单乙酯、磷酸二甲酯、磷酸单甲酯等磷酸酯。杂质扩散成分(C)的浓度可以对应于形成在半导体基板上的杂质扩散层的层厚等适当调整。应予说明,作为III族的杂质扩散成分(C),可以举出B2O3、三辛基硼等硼酸酯类、Al2O3等。
相对于缩合产物(A)及缩合产物(B)中的总SiO2换算质量,所述杂质扩散成分(C)中的杂质原子的换算质量之比优选为SiO2换算质量:杂质原子换算质量=95:5~50:50的范围,更优选为85:15~60:40的范围。如果杂质的比率大于下限值,则显示良好的扩散性能,如果低于上限,则热扩散处理后不产生扩散剂中的有机成分的残渣。
本实施方式的扩散剂组合物作为其他成分进一步包含表面活性剂、溶剂成分或添加剂。通过包含表面活性剂,能够提高涂布性、平坦化性、展开性,能够减少涂布后形成的扩散剂组合物层的涂布不均的发生。作为这种表面活性剂成分,可以使用目前公知的物质,优选为硅系表面活性剂。另外,表面活性剂成分相对于扩散剂组合物整体,优选含量为100~10000质量ppm、优选为300~5000质量ppm、进一步优选为500~3000质量ppm的范围。如果在2000质量ppm以下,则扩散处理后的扩散剂组合物层的剥离性优异,所以更优选。表面活性剂成分可以单独使用,也可以组合使用。另外,本申请中的缩合产物(A)与硅系表面活性剂根据添加量、効果相区別,作为与硅系表面活性剂不同的构成成分存在于组合物中。
溶剂成分没有特别限定,例如可以举出甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇等醇类、丙酮、二乙基酮、甲基乙基酮等酮类、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯等酯类、丙二醇、丙三醇、二丙二醇等多元醇、二丙二醇二甲基醚、乙二醇二甲基醚、乙二醇二乙基醚、丙二醇二甲基醚、丙二醇二乙基醚等醚类、乙二醇单甲基醚、乙二醇单乙基醚、丙二醇单甲基醚、丙二醇单乙基醚、二丙二醇单甲基醚等单醚系二醇类、四氢呋喃、二氧杂环己烷等环状醚类、丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇单乙基醚乙酸酯等醚系酯类。
为了调整扩散剂组合物的粘度等特性,根据需要添加添加剂。作为添加剂,可以举出聚丙二醇等。
通过以上说明的扩散剂组合物,在涂布于半导体基板时能够得到充分的膜厚,并且涂布于具有阶梯差的基板后,进行烧成、扩散的情况下能够抑制裂纹的发生。
(杂质扩散层的形成方法、及太阳电池的制造方法)
参照图1,说明包含在N型的半导体基板上通过喷墨方式喷出含有N型的杂质扩散成分(C)的上述扩散剂组合物形成图案的工序、使扩散剂组合物中的杂质扩散成分(C)扩散到半导体基板中的工序的杂质扩散层的形成方法、具备由此形成了杂质扩散层的半导体基板的太阳电池的制造方法。图1(A)~(C)是用于说明包含实施方式的杂质扩散层形成方法的太阳电池制造方法的工序剖面图。
首先,如图1(A)所示,在硅基板等N型的半导体基板1上选择性地涂布含有N型的杂质扩散成分(C)的上述扩散剂组合物2和含有P型的杂质扩散成分的扩散剂组合物3。含有P型的杂质扩散成分的扩散剂组合物3通过周知的方法调制,例如通过旋涂法等周知的方法在半导体基板1的整个表面涂布扩散剂组合物3,然后,使用烘箱等周知的手段使涂布的扩散剂组合物3干燥。然后,通过周知的光刻法及蚀刻法,将扩散剂组合物3形成图案状。应予说明,可以将扩散剂组合物3通过喷墨方式选择性涂布于半导体基板1的表面而形成图案。
扩散剂组合物2通过喷墨方式选择性地涂布于半导体基板1的表面,由此制成图案状。即,从周知的喷墨喷出机的喷墨喷嘴向半导体基板1的N型杂质扩散层形成区域喷出扩散剂组合物2进行图案化。形成图案后,使用烘箱等周知的手段使涂布的扩散剂组合物2固化·干燥。作为喷墨喷出机,使用利用一施加电压就变形的压电元件(piezo元件)的压电方式喷出机。应予说明,可以使用利用通过加热而产生的气泡的热方式喷出机等。
然后,如图1(B)所示,将扩散剂组合物2及扩散剂组合物3被图案化的半导体基板1载置于例如电炉等扩散炉内进行烧成,使扩散剂组合物2中的N型的杂质扩散成分(C)及扩散剂组合物3中的P型的杂质扩散成分从半导体基板1的表面扩散到半导体基板1内。应予说明,可以代替扩散炉,通过惯用的激光照射将半导体基板1加热。由此使N型的杂质扩散成分(C)扩散到半导体基板1内,形成N型杂质扩散层4,另外,使P型的杂质扩散成分扩散到半导体基板1内,形成P型杂质扩散层5。
接着,如图1(C)所示,通过周知的蚀刻法,除去形成在半导体基板表面的氧化膜。可以通过以上的工序,形成杂质扩散层。
上述实施方式中,在N型硅晶片上形成杂质扩散层,但也可以在P型硅晶片上形成杂质扩散层。另外,上述实施方式使用喷墨法在半导体基板的表面涂布杂质扩散剂,由此形成扩散剂层,可以采用旋转涂布法、喷出印刷法、辊涂印刷法、网板印刷法、凸版印刷法、凹版印刷法、胶版印刷法等其他方法形成扩散剂层。
本发明不限于上述实施方式,也可以基于本领域技术人员的知识施加各种设计变更等变形,施加了这种变形的实施方式也包括在本发明的范围内。
〔实施例〕
以下说明本发明的实施例,但这些实施例只是用于说明本发明的例子,并不限定本发明。
实验中使用的扩散剂组合物的各成分及含量示于表1~表4。应予说明,以下的实施例中,作为表面活性剂,使用SF8421EG(TORAY·DOWCORNING社制)。另外,溶剂的含量在以各扩散剂组合物的总重量为100wt%时,从100wt%中减去各成分的含量得到的余量全部为溶剂的含量。
〔表1〕
〔表2〕
〔表3〕
表1~表5中,结构A-1、A-2、A-3、A-4是下述化学式表示的缩合产物。
〔化6〕
〔化7〕
〔化8〕
〔化9〕
〔表4〕
〔表5〕
另外,表1~表5中记载的结构A-5、结构B-1、DPGM如下所述。
结构A-5:有机硅氧烷(信越化学社制、X-41-1056)
结构B-1:Si(OC2H5)4的水解产物
DPGM:二丙二醇单甲基醚
(被膜性评价)
使用各实施例及各比较例的扩散剂组合物,采用喷墨打印机(武藏工程社制)在实施了镜面处理的半导体晶片上印刷(1次涂布)5像素线(500μm宽)。对于印刷结果,将得到以上的涂布膜厚的情况标记为良好(○),将得到以上低于的涂布膜厚的情况标记为不良(△)、将得到低于的涂布膜厚的情况标记为不合格(×)。
如表1~表4所示,包含缩合产物(A)的各实施例中,涂布膜厚的评价结果均为良好(○),而不含缩合产物(A)的各比较例中,涂布膜厚的评价结果为不良(△)或不合格(×)。由此可知,为了得到充分的涂布膜厚,缩合产物(A)发挥的作用大。
(耐裂纹性评价)
使用各实施例及各比较例的扩散剂组合物,在具有3μm的阶梯差的半导体晶片上采用喷墨打印机(武藏工程社制)进行印刷后,于950℃进行烧成、扩散处理。在烧成、扩散处理后通过显微镜观察确认有裂纹的情况标记为不合格(×),将烧成、扩散处理后通过显微镜观察没有确认有裂纹的情况标记为良好(○)。
如表1~表4所示,在包含缩合产物(A)的各实施例中,耐裂纹性的评价结果均为良好(○),相反,不含缩合产物(A)的各比较例中,耐裂纹性的评价结果为不合格(×)。由此可知,为了得到充分的耐裂纹性,缩合产物(A)发挥的作用大。
(扩散性能的评价)
扩散性能的评价通过测定扩散处理后的片材电阻值来进行评价。认为片材电阻值越低,扩散性能越高。使用实施例27~30、37、40~41的扩散剂组合物,分别在P型Si基板(面方位<100>、电阻率5~15Ω·cm)上通过旋涂法进行涂布。涂布在Si基板上的扩散剂组合物的膜厚約在100℃、200℃下各实施1分钟的预烘焙后,使用加热炉(光洋THERMALSYSTEM制VF-1000),在氮气氛下进行950℃、30分钟的加热。然后,将Si基板在5%HF水溶液中浸渍10分钟,除去基板表面的氧化膜。应予说明,对于实施例27~30,分别在2点制作试样。对于各试样,通过4探针法(国际电气制VR-70)测定5处的片电阻值,对于各实施例,分别得到共10点的片电阻值后,算出总计10点的平均值。将由此得到的片电阻值的平均值示于表5。片电阻值的目标根据使用目的和条件而不同,优选为300Ω/□以下,更优选为150Ω/□以下,最优选为100Ω/□以下。
如表5所示,确认了使用缩合产物(A)、缩合产物(B)的结构以及成分、及杂质扩散物(C)的成分相同、改变了杂质扩散成分(C)的含量的实施例27~30的扩散剂组合物时的片电阻值随着磷原子的含量减少而増加的倾向。根据本次实验结果,确认了杂质的扩散性良好。另外,确认了在使SiO2换算质量和杂质换算质量之比相同的基础上,使用改变缩合产物(A)、缩合产物(B)的SiO2换算质量比的实施例37、40~41的扩散剂组合物时的片电阻值有缩合产物(B)的比率越高、越降低的倾向。
Claims (13)
1.一种涂布型扩散剂组合物,所述扩散剂组合物用于使杂质扩散成分扩散至半导体基板,其特征在于,含有:
以下述通式(1)表示的烷氧基硅烷为起始原料的缩合产物(A)、
杂质扩散成分(C)和
有机溶剂(D),
〔化1〕
R1 mSi(OR2)4-m(1)
式(1)中,R1、R2是有机基团,多个R1、R2相同或不同,m是0、1或2,其中,缩合产物(A)必须包含m=1的烷氧基硅烷和/或m=2的烷氧基硅烷,
缩合产物(A)包含用下述通式(2)表示的结构,
〔化2〕
式(2)中,X是烷氧基,Y是有机基团,n:l为95:5~0:100的范围。
2.如权利要求1所述的涂布型扩散剂组合物,其中,所述Y是烷基、芳基、环氧基、或-R3-R4表示的基团,
多个X、Y相同或不同,R4是芳基或含有乙烯性不饱和双键的基团,R3是碳原子数为1~9的亚烷基,R3任选相同或不同。
3.如权利要求1所述的涂布型扩散剂组合物,其中,进一步含有以下述通式(3)表示的烷氧基硅烷为起始原料的缩合产物(B),
〔化3〕
Si(OR5)4(3)
式(3)中,R5是有机基团,多个R5相同或不同。
4.如权利要求2所述的涂布型扩散剂组合物,其中,进一步含有以下述通式(3)表示的烷氧基硅烷为起始原料的缩合产物(B),
〔化3〕
Si(OR5)4(3)
式(3)中,R5是有机基团,多个R5相同或不同。
5.如权利要求3所述的涂布型扩散剂组合物,其中,缩合产物(A)和缩合产物(B)的SiO2换算质量比、即A:B为100:0~5:95。
6.如权利要求4所述的涂布型扩散剂组合物,其中,缩合产物(A)和缩合产物(B)的SiO2换算质量比、即A:B为100:0~5:95。
7.如权利要求1所述的涂布型扩散剂组合物,其中,所述杂质扩散成分(C)含有III族元素或V族元素的化合物。
8.如权利要求2所述的涂布型扩散剂组合物,其中,所述杂质扩散成分(C)含有III族元素或V族元素的化合物。
9.如权利要求3所述的涂布型扩散剂组合物,其中,相对于缩合产物(A)及缩合产物(B)中的总SiO2换算质量,所述杂质扩散成分(C)中的杂质原子的换算质量之比为SiO2换算质量:杂质原子换算质量=95:5~50:50的范围。
10.如权利要求4所述的涂布型扩散剂组合物,其中,相对于缩合产物(A)及缩合产物(B)中的总SiO2换算质量,所述杂质扩散成分(C)中的杂质原子的换算质量之比为SiO2换算质量:杂质原子换算质量=95:5~50:50的范围。
11.如权利要求1所述的涂布型扩散剂组合物,其中,用于利用喷墨进行涂布。
12.如权利要求2所述的涂布型扩散剂组合物,其中,用于利用喷墨进行涂布。
13.如权利要求1所述的涂布型扩散剂组合物,其中,所述涂布型扩散剂组合物用于涂布在具有0.5μm以上的阶梯差的基板。
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