CN102529221B - 防火弹性绝缘体 - Google Patents
防火弹性绝缘体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102529221B CN102529221B CN201110372906.2A CN201110372906A CN102529221B CN 102529221 B CN102529221 B CN 102529221B CN 201110372906 A CN201110372906 A CN 201110372906A CN 102529221 B CN102529221 B CN 102529221B
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- fire
- retardant
- elastomer
- compound
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
- F16L59/145—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems providing fire-resistance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
- B29K2105/046—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous with closed cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0001—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular acoustical properties
- B29K2995/0002—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular acoustical properties insulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0012—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular thermal properties
- B29K2995/0015—Insulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0012—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular thermal properties
- B29K2995/0016—Non-flammable or resistant to heat
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及基于通用多层弹性体或热塑性弹性体的绝热和/或隔音材料,该材料具有改进的耐火性和低生烟性;制造这种材料的方法以及该材料和形成的复合材料的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基于通用多层弹性体或热塑性弹性体的绝热和/或隔音材料,其具有改进的阻燃性和低生烟性;制造这种材料的方法以及该材料和形成的复合材料的应用。
技术背景
弹性体材料作为发泡材料(如 牌, 牌)用于绝缘用途已有很长时间。但是,由于弹性体具有有机物性质,且多孔材料比实心弹性体更加容易点燃,所述发泡弹性体往往是可燃至很易燃的。
已经进行许多尝试去改进有机聚合物泡沫材料的阻燃性,例如通过在弹性体混合料中加上内部阻燃剂(这在橡胶工业中是标准的);和/或施加阻燃保护层:人们可以想到复合材料,在此复合材料中特别阻燃的聚合物形成外层;但是防火的最普遍的方法是使用由金属箔或金属片(出于适用性和成本的考虑,主要是铝)组成的外层,并且常具有一层或多层的没有可燃性或低可燃性的内层。
这一技术已经几乎用于许多种类的排气装置:填充硬质泡沫材料的铝蜂窝材料、下层具有矿棉的金属箔、下层具有金属网的箔层、各种各样的外层箔、穿孔箔、下层纤维或者具有膨胀体系的箔。大多数发明人声称将金属箔或金属片和纤维(织造或非织造的),例如与低可燃性纤维(铝/聚酯或聚酰胺或几种纤维层)一起使用,但是大多数是不燃性纤维一起使用。存在几个专利,其发明人都使用金属(大多数是铝)箔作为最外层,下层具有(玻璃)纤维或薄纱或稀松织物以及具有孔、纤维的箔。
其他发明人声称仅使用低可燃性纤维或不燃性纤维(主要是玻璃纤维)作为外层,有时结合使用其他层(如玻璃纤维涂层、基质中的纤维、低可燃性材料内层、无机纤维层,部分填充有不燃物、不燃性纤维和竹层,泡沫材料上填充纤维的蜂窝材料、纤维增强的树脂外层或膨胀层上的纤维/箔)。其他专 利声称使用玻璃纤维作为外层,或者使用多层纤维层来构建结构,但是他们均没有清楚地将防火性能作为目标。CN1613640提及具有阻燃浸渍物的双层毡层;US5698302提及在硬质泡沫材料上的双层玻璃纤维层,但是既未描述该双层玻璃纤维层也未打算将该层作为阻燃纤维材料,因为其施加在本身包含阻燃树脂的聚合物材料上;DE19640887要求一种纤维增强的硅酸盐层,用于防火的目的。
除了GB2378919外,所有上述的发明主要集中在硬质泡沫材料保护,其中公开了橡胶状内层,但是整个复合材料基本上还是硬的。总的来说,所有这些方法实际上涵盖了有关阻燃的各种要求,但是其各自的通用性受到限制,且其性能很大程度上取决于基材,取决于各层是如何施加的等。因此,大多数上述的发明要求或者至少也提及基材本身的阻燃性。
在建筑工业中涉及的要求和阻燃试验的认证变得越来越全球化,但也更加精确和与应用相关,因此,除了可燃性外,还考虑更多的挑战(例如,ASTM E-84和EN 13823),如生烟性和密度。
因此,在我们的研究过程中,我们发现现有技术不适于安全地达到对于有机物的最高可能的阻燃级别(例如,EN 13823/EN 13501-1的B s1 d0、UL 94的V-0等),甚至对于最广泛使用的聚合物泡沫材料基,在一些情况下,这些体系甚至会导致性能变差(见表1中层压AF的结果)。性能较好的体系(例如,至少分别达到B s3 d0或V-1级)则表明是昂贵、复杂的,既不经济,也不生态。
上述材料的普通缺陷是采用的阻燃措施会导致燃烧不完全,这样作为烟气含量的颗粒会导致烟气密度高,同时也部分伴有高生烟性。以下讨论传统防火体系失败的其他原因。
一些现有技术并不基于传统的体系:KR102006021127揭示了在铝箔层上具有保护性聚合物层的复合材料,所述铝箔层本身在泡沫材料上面。但是,并没有声称这种体系具有防火性能,可能不符合各种要求,因为所述聚合物太容易燃烧。CH650196描述了一种感兴趣的据说阻燃的复合材料,其中,铝箔是穿孔的,并且是第二层,所述复合材料被包含阻燃剂的聚酯纤维外层覆盖。另外,上述JP8199709描述了一种体系,其中,所述金属箔不一定必须是最外层。
但是,按照我们的研究,甚至这些非典型体系显示涉及燃烧测试结果的适用性、再现性以及一致性的缺陷。例如,JP 8199709正确地描述包含阻燃剂的缓慢燃烧的外层通过下层铝导体的帮助将燃烧的热量扩散,但是我们发现从这种扩散能力饱和的某个时刻开始,过热的金属层将导致外层和基材均出现不想要的“跳火”,导致该箔周围的复合材料完全燃烧。CH650196中提到的复合材料显示将在稍晚的时刻出现这种效应,但是无论怎样结果都是“跳火”。此处延缓跳火的原因是穿孔的箔允许热量均匀扩散到基材中,但是最高不会达到产生可燃气体的临界水平。最后,还有GB2222185中的正确假设,可以被火焰熔掉的第一层可能具有保护功能,当进行上述试验方法和认证时表明该保护功能完全无效,因为熔化层最后也总要自发地点燃。
此外,我们观察到在所有三种情况中,在跳火之前和之后明显产生黑的和/或致密的烟气,这是涉及认证的另一个负面依据。而且,大多数上述层状材料很硬,因此会破坏由弹性的、软质发泡材料(如用于好的和易安装和密封容许等)提供的一些优点。
发明内容
因此,本发明的主要目的是提供一种防火弹性体材料或体系,它是通用的、可靠的、经济的且容易应用的。它必须满足各应用领域中的现代规定,其方法是在火焰达到或被转移到泡沫材料基材之前以最大的可能扩散火焰及其热量。而且,烟气的形成应以最佳的可能方式进行抑制,并尽可能维持弹性体一些基本的良好性能。
令人惊奇的是,发现当围绕现有技术的体系、并使用低可燃性或不燃性纤维作为下层不燃性箔层的最外层时,可以获得未显示上述缺点的通用材料。或者,可以使用在第二低可燃性或不燃性纤维层上的纤维层。这两种解决方案达到针对火焰蔓延和热量扩散、以及对气体(但非烟气固体颗粒)的可渗透性的合适性能。
本发明的材料包括层(A),见图1,其是作为层(B)和/或基材/芯(C)中至少一层上(较好是外表面)上的最外层(即保护外层)施加的至少一层纤维层,如绝缘板/片或管(在本发明中,“纤维的”是指长宽比至少10∶1的纤维、长条和碎片)。纤维层包括任意无机或有机类的纤维和/或长条。优选纤维和/或 长条显示低可燃性或不燃性(在本发明中,低可燃性是指至少按照DIN 4102B1和/或ASTM E-84火焰蔓延100测得为阻燃的),如来自例如剑麻、大麻、椰子纤维、纤维素、棉、羊毛、竹的天然或有机纤维材料,或者来自例如碳、聚酯、聚芳酰胺(polyaramide)、聚酰亚胺、PTFE、玻璃、金属、陶瓷/矿石的合成或无机纤维材料。
所述纤维和/或长条可以是实心的或者中空的。所述纤维和/或长条较好用非有机处理(例如,基于硅烷的)涂覆,因为广泛用在纱线和纺织品工业的有机加工助剂(如,硬脂酸、动植物脂肪和油等)对可燃性存在负面影响。
所述纤维可以为织物或非织造织物的形式。由于在性能几乎相当的条件下非织造织物更加经济,优选非织造织物。通常,优选纤维排列为平均网眼尺寸或筛孔为0.01-2.00mm,优选0.04-0.80mm,尤其优选0.10-0.25mm;优选的平均线或纤维密度为5-500/厘米,优选10-250/厘米,尤其优选20-60/厘米。
(A)可以通过粘合剂、较好是阻燃性粘合剂粘合,或者若其配有例如熔体层则通过自身粘附到其他层(例如,B)上。
纤维材料可以至少30重量%埋入基质中,便于(A)的施加,以改善表面外观和性能。因此,优选阻燃基质材料,如CPE、PVC或包含阻燃剂或其本身是阻燃剂的聚合物掺合物。
而且,本发明的材料包括作为第二最外层的至少一层(B),即保护内层,它可以是至少一层穿孔或非穿孔的不燃性箔,较好是非穿孔的。优选金属箔(例如,铝、铁、铜等)作为不燃性箔,其中,箔的优选厚度范围是1-400微米,尤其优选2-50微米。铝是作为金属箔的优选材料,因为其具有良好的导热性、良好的密封性以及涉及应用(结合/粘结、相容性等)的优异性能,见图1a。
代替金属箔作为层(B)的另一可能性是由低可燃性或不燃性、实心或中空的纤维和/或长条组成的至少一层,所述纤维和/或长条例如是来自如剑麻、大麻、纤维素、椰子纤维、棉、竹的天然或有机纤维材料,或者来自例如碳、聚酯、聚芳酰胺(polyaramide)、聚酰亚胺、玻璃、陶瓷/矿石的合成或无机纤维材料,见图1b。优选是不燃性纤维和/或长条,尤其优选是无机处理的玻璃纤维,优选作为织物或非织造织物。薄纱的优选平均网眼尺寸或筛孔尺寸 为0.01-0.80mm,尤其优选是0.08-0.5mm,优选平均线或纤维密度为5-250/厘米,尤其是40-100/厘米。
所述纤维材料可以至少30重量%埋入基质中,便于(B)的施加,以提高其性能。因此,优选阻燃基质材料,如CPE、PVC或包含阻燃剂或其本身是阻燃剂的聚合物掺合物。
(B)可以通过粘合剂、较好是阻燃性粘合剂粘合,或者若其配有例如熔体层(它可以施加到(B)的两侧上)则通过自身粘附到其他层(例如,(A)和(C))上。
(A)和(B)也可以制成预制复合层压材料,然后通过熔融、胶合或任意其他的连接方法(例如,层压或共挤出方法)施加到(C)上。
(A)和/或(B)可以形成一个或多个重叠物的方式施加到(C)上,所述重叠物可以用作接缝密封和/或对接。各重叠物可以通过粘合剂(较好是低可燃性或不可燃的粘合剂)粘附或者通过其自身或者机械的方式来附着。这种重叠密封例如可用于平面(见图2a)和管状材料(见图2b)。
而且,本发明的材料包括层(A)和(B)下面的基材或芯化合物(C),该芯化合物包括至少一层发泡交联弹性体掺合物或发泡并任选交联的热塑性弹性体掺合物,两者均可以基于例如ACM/AEM、AU/EU、BR、BIIR、CIIR、CM/CPE、CR、CSM/CSR、(G)(E)CO、EPM/EPDM、EVM、FKM/F(E)PM、GPO、IR、IIR、(V)MQ、(H)NBR、NR、SBR、T等的聚合物,见图1。
(C)的发泡弹性体或热塑性弹性体掺合物包括交联体系,如过氧化物、氢化硅烷化试剂、辐射活化剂(用于辐射或UV固化)、硫化合物、双酚、金属氧化物等。
而且,发泡弹性体或热塑性弹性体掺合物包括选自化学发泡剂(例如,释放二氧化碳、氮气、氧气或水)和/或物理发泡剂(例如,溶剂、CO2、N2、其他气体)类的至少一种发泡剂。
可以将所述弹性体或热塑性弹性体掺合物发泡为闭孔或开孔泡沫材料或海绵材料。优选闭孔泡沫材料,其闭孔含量至少为80%,按照ISO 845的密度小于200kg/m3,优选小于100kg/m3,尤其优选小于65kg/m3;按照EN 12667将导热系数降低至在0℃下小于0.080W/m*K,优选在0℃下小于0.040W/m*K。
而且,所述弹性体或热塑性弹性体掺合物包含一种或多种任意种类的填料,如金属和半金属氧化物或氢氧化物、炭黑、碳酸盐、硫酸盐等,以及它们的任意组合。
而且,所述弹性体或热塑性弹性体掺合物包含热和/或逆转稳定剂体系。所述稳定剂可选自炭黑、金属氧化物(例如,氧化铁)和氢氧化物(例如,氢氧化镁)、金属有机配合物、自由基捕获剂(例如,生育酚衍生物)、复合硅酸盐(例如,珍珠岩、蛭石),以及它们的任意组合。
而且,所述弹性体或热塑性弹性体掺合物包含各种其他填料或添加剂,如其他弹性体、热塑性弹性体和/或热塑性和/或热固性基聚合物混合物,或它们的组合,或回收材料,其他回收的聚合物基材料,纤维等。
所述弹性体或热塑性弹性体掺合物还包含任意种类和任意比例的添加剂,如阻燃剂、生物杀伤剂、增塑剂、稳定剂(例如,抗UV、臭氧、逆转等)、着色剂等,包括改进其制造、应用、外观和使用性能的添加剂,例如,抑制剂、阻滞剂、促进剂等;和/或使其适用于应用需求的添加剂,如结焦和/或膨胀添加剂,如发泡石墨,使材料在遇火时自膨胀,以封闭和保护例如壁和舱壁穿透;和/或在遇火时使管道、壁穿透等会产生自陶瓷化作用的物质,如硼化合物、含硅化合物等;和/或内部粘合促进剂,确保共挤出和共层压应用中的自粘合性能,如硅酸酯、官能硅烷、多元醇等。
为了消音和/或消除热量以及增加粘附要施加的其他层的表面,(C)可在其一侧或两侧上形成表面结构。所述结构可以具有任意形状,如三角形、正弦形、矩形、梯形、(半)圆形、(半)多边形(例如,蜂窝状)等,以及它们的任意组合。任意形状的结构可以二维的方式,作为例如脊或管施加,或者以三维的方式,例如,球形突起施加,以及它们的任意组合的方式施加;所述结构可以纵向或横向或者以其组合施加。这可以通过挤出、压花、深拉(deep-drawing)、模塑、通过直接施加结构或者通过将其施加到载体(层),以冷、温或热的状态,或者以可用方法的任意组合来实现。因此,在(C)上面的层(B)和(A)也可以显示出表面结构。
本发明的材料包含用于粘合(D)的合适体系,以将化合物(A)、(B)和(C)或者所述层分别粘合到(E)和/或(F)上,或分别相互粘合,见图1。优选的粘合体系对要连接的基材是完全相容的,以确保其良好的粘合(是指:具有类似的 极性、形态或表面能和/或基于基材的聚合物)和/或较好具有固有的阻燃性能。尤其优选的是包含卤化化合物或含磷化合物的粘合剂,例如,基于弹性体或热塑性塑料,如氯丁二烯、PVC、CPE等,或者低可燃性到不燃性粘合剂,如硅酸盐基粘合剂如碱金属硅酸盐(水玻璃)体系。
为分别粘合层(A)和(B)或(B)和(C),粘合体系(D)不一定要具有相同的组成,可以自由选择,以可能达到的最好方式符合各个要求,该体系可以是液体或糊状,或者是固体,以及可以作为热熔体使用。由于层(A)和(B)的防火效果很显著,例如(B)和(C)的粘合层甚至包含可燃性粘合剂或者热熔体如PE或丙烯酸类聚合物。
而且,在(A)和(B)之间、和/或在(B)和(C)之间、和/或(A)的上面,本发明的材料可以包含另外的功能层(E),可有助于预定应用所需的机械强度以及阻燃性。因此,(E)化合物可以是各种形式的例如纤维、箔、纸、片等,但是也是自陶瓷化、结焦的或者膨胀化合物,或者遇火时释放阻燃或冷却或稀释物质(例如,气体、蒸气、液体、卤化物等)的化合物;或阻燃剂(例如,卤化(例如,CR、CPE、PVC)或磷酸化(例如,含磷酸根的)有机化合物。化合物(E)可以通过(D)粘合或者通过其自身粘附到其他化合物材料上。
而且,本发明材料包含另外的功能层(F),作为(A)上的覆盖层,作为例如防护层、增强层或装饰层或者作为“燃烧时的损失层”,见图1。优选的层要么是本身阻燃的,或者是易烧掉的或熔掉的,以不干扰(A)(B)(C)层体系的功能。化合物(F)可以通过(D)粘合或者通过其自身粘附到其他化合物材料上。
而且,本发明材料可以包含预定应用所需的元件(G),如电缆等情况的金属丝插入物,用于建筑用途等的实心部件如木材、玻璃、金属或混凝土结构,并且也包括金属管,例如波纹钢或铜,以制造预绝缘的管,见图1。元件(G)可以通过(D)粘合或者通过其自身或者或松或紧地机械连接附着到其他层材料上。
本发明材料的主要优点是其对于在有关安全的环境中应用的适应性,所述环境要求低火焰蔓延和/或低生烟性(例如,ASTM E-84、EN 13823/EN13501-1模拟和认证的,见表1和2)。通过特定效果来提供从阻燃到甚至防燃的性能,根据我们以下的结论,所述特定效果是本发明材料的层会在形成时以及在可燃气体迁移与火焰和热扩散一起时产生的:
1.当到达第一(外部)纤维层时,火焰在高表面上扩散,与光滑和/或封闭表面如箔或片相比,每单位表面的净热量产生显著降低。而且,由于上述扩散,也由于纤维导热系数比金属箔或聚合物层低,穿透到复合材料中的热量也较低。相比之下,由于在可燃性测试早期箔熔融和/或撕裂,使用铝箔作为外层的上述现有技术体系在大多数条件下将出现“跳火”。
2.当快到第二层时,已经变弱的热量和火焰会出现以下的情况:
要么(a)被金属箔反射,或者通过第二纤维层进一步扩散。在热量更深入穿透到发泡聚合物中时,它会分解成可燃气体,该可燃气体要么被箔截留(通过纤维外层来防止因气压造成的箔撕裂,这一性能在现有技术中也没有提供),并因此防止可能的跳火;
要么(b)第二纤维层或金属箔将这些气体向表面或火焰前沿的迁移减慢,和/或将所述气体稀释到纤维基质中,使它们保持在低于每体积或表面单位的临界限值。
效果2a和2b都能防止跳火,并且可以和1一起形成受控的、缓慢的燃烧(当其在复合材料的外表面发生时燃烧缓慢,但是供应足够的氧气)。相比标准的将会形成“受抑制”燃烧(氧气不足)的阻燃体系(由于不完全燃烧而产生高生烟性(比较表1:SMOGRA和TSP值)),这不会产生很多烟。
本发明材料的很突出的优点是涉及燃烧测试的通用性,并且,结果几乎与基材或芯无关(见表2)。
本发明材料的有关上述优点的另一优点是不用采取其他的措施来使基材或芯阻燃。
这形成本发明材料的另一优点,该材料对于泡沫基材或芯及其成分来说是自由、经济以及生态的选择。
这形成本发明材料的另一优点,因为不需要卤化阻燃剂来获得所需的阻燃性。尤其是溴化阻燃剂对环境问题是危险的,在遇火时会产生毒烟。为此,已经部分禁止溴化阻燃剂。因此,也不需要阻燃增效剂如三氧化锑和硼酸的金属盐,其使用甚至在讨论中或者已经受限制了。
本发明材料的另一优点是由于所述层状体系接受了防燃性能,它可以显著减少危险化学品(如卤化的、含磷的)。通过使用硅酸盐基粘合剂,甚至可以放弃最终的基本卤化化合物(CR/CPE/PVC粘合剂)。硅酸盐粘合剂层仅要求 很薄,因此不影响最终部件的性能,例如,柔韧性。使用硅酸盐胶的另一优点就是它们不是溶剂,而是水基的。
本发明材料的另一优点是它还可以足够柔韧,可以围绕小的半径弯曲,或者容易围绕管道抓住各管。
本发明材料的另一优点是在优选的组合物中,它不含PVC和邻苯二甲酸酯,它们两者均因环境和健康问题在观察和讨论中。
本发明材料的另一优点是其阻燃性几乎与要防火的部件的几何形状无关。
本发明材料的另一优点是可以通过采用箔型/厚度和/或纤维型、直径、长度、薄纱密度、编织角度等使其性能适应所需的性能曲线图(涉及机械学、阻尼、绝缘、柔韧性等)。
本发明材料的突出优点是它可以经济的方式用连续工艺生产,例如,通过挤出和还与预制层压材料一起的共层压。它显示了在可能的制造和应用上的通用性。它可以直接被挤出、共挤出、层压、模塑、共模塑、重叠模塑(overmoulded)、焊接等成为多层体系,因此,它可以不受限制的成形方式施加到汽车、运输工具、航空器、大楼和建筑物、家具、机械工程和许多其他工业的各表面上,甚至通过材料制造工艺之后的热成形或其他成形方法施加。
本发明材料的另一优点是它可以通过工业中广泛使用的标准方法形成变化的、指定形状,并且它不需要专门的设备。
本发明材料的另一优点是使用用于层(A)和/或(B)的中空纤维来提高绝缘效果。
所述材料的另一优点是化合物(C)可以包含不会失去其阻燃性的很高含量的相同或其他种类的废料或回收材料。
因此,本发明材料的突出优点是消除发泡聚合物的阻燃性的影响,使聚合物基和/或整个弹性体或热塑性弹性体化合物可以很经济。因此,例如NR或SBR基掺合物可以用作绝缘泡沫材料,此外这些掺合物作为独立的产品从未通过各自的可燃性规定。
本发明材料的相关优点是所述外层提供另外的阻挡性能,对绝热和阻挡蒸气扩散有积极效果。通常,按照EN 12086,整个复合材料的水蒸气扩散阻 挡性能至少为μ2500,较好至少为μ5000,尤其优选至少为μ10000。蒸气阻挡性能对防止经过湿气凝结在绝缘下面腐蚀来说是必不可少的。
本发明材料的另一优点是其宽温度范围,该范围仅由发泡聚合物确定。例如,本发明使用发泡硅弹性体(MVQ)作为化合物(C)的材料可以用在-100℃到最高+300℃,或者在热固性泡沫材料的情况下可用到最高400℃。
本发明材料的另一优点是其绝热和隔音/防震的适用性,如上所述,适用很低到很高的温度。作为一个另外的优点,金属箔作为蒸气阻挡层和反射层,它还可以消音。所述玻璃纤维作为另外的绝缘层,尤其是使用中空纤维时。
本发明材料的另一优点是其抗机械负载、压力、切口形成、切割和咬(包括鸟、啮齿动物或白蚁等侵袭)的抗冲击性,它是室外绝缘用途的另一优点。
本发明材料的另一优点是它具有很高的抗UV和臭氧性能,甚至如果发泡层(C)不具备相应的抵抗性能。
附图说明
图1是说明本发明第一实施方式(a)和第二实施方式(b)所述材料的图。
图2是说明用于平面材料(a)和管状材料(b)的重叠密封的图。
具体实施方式
实施例
在以下实施例和对比例中,从市场上获得所需的泡沫材料和其他材料(例如,英国Armacell有限公司; 德国ArmacellGmbH;相同聚合物基,但不同添加剂; NH=NH/Armaflex,均来自德国Armacell GmbH)或者按照现有技术的步骤制成25mm厚样品。使用市售的粘合剂等(:防火多层织物体系,德国Hapuflam GmbH; :防火油漆/涂层,德国b.i.o.Brandschutz GmbH,均自粘合的,其他:CR基粘合剂520,德国Armacell GmbH;纤维:STW,德国,CPE: 美国陶氏化学公司(Dow Chemical)通过轻微和恒定的压力将所述保护层施加到泡沫材料部件上。在对比例中,所述层尽可能地按照各文献提供的工艺施加。
表1:按照EN 13823/EN 13501-1(单独燃烧项目/圆角测试)进行的泡沫材料化合物的可燃性测试结果:按照EN 13823进行的可燃性和测定总热量释放(THR)、火焰生长速率(RIGRA)、烟气生长速率(SMOGRA)和总生烟量(TSP);按照EN 13501的可燃性分级(最佳单独级别:B s1 d0)。无星号加粗体的实施例是本发明的材料。
1)箔作为最外层,如在大多数现有技术文献中使用的。
表2:使用具有不同泡沫材料层(C)的本发明体系(A)(B)(C)的按照EN13823/EN13501-1进行的燃烧测试,在片形状的材料上进行。无星号加粗体 的实施例是本发明的材料。
1)按照ASTM E84标准(隧道燃烧测试)测试基于NBR/PVC和EPDM的体系,达到25/50级火焰蔓延/烟气(最佳级别)。
2)在硅酸盐粘合剂的情况下为B s1 d0(美国Rutland)。
表3:使用具有不同纤维层(C)的本发明体系(A)(B)(C)的按照EN 13823/EN13501-1进行的燃烧测试,在EPDM片形状的材料上进行。无星号的所有实施例是本发明的材料。
1)在硅酸盐粘合剂的情况下为B s1 d0。
2)当埋入硅酸盐粘合剂中时为B s2 d0。
Claims (26)
1.一种包含弹性体的材料,所述弹性体发泡成根据ISO 845测试的密度小于200kg/m3;所述弹性体作为芯(C)被至少一层内保护层(B)和至少一层外保护层(A)覆盖;所述内保护层(B)包含厚度为1-400微米的金属箔、或按照DIN 4102 B1和/或ASTM E-84火焰蔓延100测试为至少阻燃的纤维材料,所述外保护层(A)由按照DIN 4102 B1和/或ASTM E-84火焰蔓延100测试为至少阻燃的纤维材料组成;其中,若(A)和(B)均具有纤维性质,(A)与(B)的平均网眼尺寸或筛孔尺寸之比大于1:1。
2.如权利要求1所述的材料,其特征在于,所述弹性体是热塑性弹性体。
3.如权利要求1所述的材料,其特征在于,(B)中的金属箔是铝。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于,(A)和/或(B)中的纤维材料是编织织物、针织织物或非织造织物的形式。
5.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的材料,其特征在于,(A)和/或(B)中的纤维材料至少30重量%埋入基质中。
6.如权利要求4所述的材料,其特征在于,(A)和/或(B)中的纤维材料是玻璃纤维。
7.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的材料,其特征在于,(A)中的纤维材料的平均网眼尺寸或筛孔尺寸为0.01-2.00mm;平均线或纤维密度为5-500/厘米。
8.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的材料,其特征在于,(B)中的纤维材料的平均网眼尺寸或筛孔尺寸为0.01-0.80mm;平均线或纤维密度为5-250/厘米。
9.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的材料,其中,所述芯(C)的闭孔含量至少80%。
10.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的材料,其特征在于,至少层(A)和(B)用阻燃和/或不燃性化合物粘合。
11.如权利要求10所述的材料,其特征在于,在最终层压到(C)上之前,将所述阻燃和/或不燃性化合物预先施加到层(B)上,或者在层(A)和(B)之间。
12.如权利要求10所述的材料,其特征在于,所述阻燃和/或不燃性化合物基于含卤素的化合物和/或硅酸盐化合物。
13.如权利要求1-3、6和11-12任一项所述的材料,其特征在于,为了保护、增强和装饰施加另外的层。
14.如权利要求1-3、6和11-12任一项所述的材料,其特征在于,用粘合剂和/或热熔体和/或热塑性材料将除(A)外的层粘合到(B)上。
15.如权利要求14所述的材料,其中,在最终层压到(C)上之前,已将所述粘合剂和/或热熔体和/或热塑性材料预先施加到层(B)的至少一侧上,或者层(A)和(B)至少一侧之间和/或层(A)和(B)至少一侧的上面以得到包括(A)和(B)的预层压的复合材料层。
16.如权利要求15所述的材料,其特征在于,预层压,是指预制复合材料层至少包括(A)和(B),并用粘合剂和/或热熔体和/或热塑性材料将其施加在(C)的一侧或多侧上。
17.如权利要求1-3、6、11-12和15-16任一项所述的材料,其中,层(A)和/或层(B)形成一个或多个重叠,可用于在至少(A)(B)(C)构造的多层部件之间和/或所述多层部件和其他材料之间形成对接密封和/或接缝密封。
18.如权利要求1-3、6、11-12和15-16任一项所述的材料,其特征在于,按照EN 12086,整个复合材料的水蒸气扩散阻挡性至少为μ2500。
19.如权利要求1-3、6、11-12和15-16任一项所述的材料,其特征在于,按照EN 12667,整个复合材料的导热系数在0℃下小于0.080W/m×K。
20.一种用连续工艺制造权利要求1-19任一项所述材料的方法。
21.如权利要求20所述的制造材料的方法,所述方法是连续的两步挤出/发泡和层压工艺。
22.如权利要求20或21所述的制造材料的方法,其中,至少(A)和(B)的预制复合材料层压到(C)上。
23.权利要求1-19任一项所述材料为了防护的应用。
24.如权利要求23所述的应用,包括用于要求在室内外防护以抵抗温度变化和/或防止火和/或噪音/震动的用途。
25.如权利要求1-19任一项所述材料在绝热和/或隔音和/或消音和/或减震和/或防火中的用途。
26.如权利要求25所述的应用,包括在建筑物、器皿、容器和管道的内外进行绝热和/或隔音和/或防火中的用途。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10191291.3 | 2010-11-16 | ||
EP10191291.3A EP2455221B1 (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2010-11-16 | Fire protected elastomeric insulation |
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CN102529221A CN102529221A (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
CN102529221B true CN102529221B (zh) | 2016-12-21 |
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CN201110372906.2A Expired - Fee Related CN102529221B (zh) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-08 | 防火弹性绝缘体 |
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US (1) | US9976689B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2455221B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102529221B (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI1105532A2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK2455221T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2569505T3 (zh) |
HR (1) | HRP20160383T1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUE027518T2 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX343084B (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2455221T3 (zh) |
RS (1) | RS54682B1 (zh) |
SI (1) | SI2455221T1 (zh) |
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ES2461897T3 (es) * | 2010-11-29 | 2014-05-21 | Armacell Enterprise Gmbh & Co. Kg | Aislamiento polimérico celular ignífugo |
KR101438926B1 (ko) * | 2012-11-29 | 2014-09-15 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 자동차용 고내열 흡음재 |
US10077917B2 (en) | 2013-05-09 | 2018-09-18 | Carrier Corporation | Drain pan assembly for fan coil unit |
CN107921754A (zh) * | 2015-08-13 | 2018-04-17 | 株式会社Huvis | 包含聚酯发泡体和聚酯树脂层的多层结构的复合物及其用途 |
FR3049029B1 (fr) | 2016-03-18 | 2018-03-09 | Hutchinson | Dispositif antivibratoire tenant au feu destine a une application ferroviaire |
DE102016122145A1 (de) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-17 | Cqlt Saargummi Technologies S.À.R.L. | Bahnmaterial zur Bildung von Dachbelägen |
GB2568688C (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2023-10-25 | Morgan Korea Co Ltd | Materials for fire protection |
JP6455614B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-21 | 2019-01-23 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | エクステリア用化粧部材 |
JP6930569B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-17 | 2021-09-01 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | エクステリア用化粧部材 |
JP6614320B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-04 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | エクステリア用化粧部材の製造方法 |
US10753521B1 (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2020-08-25 | Advance Products & Systems, Llc | Inner diameter seal gasket |
CN110541362B (zh) * | 2019-08-21 | 2021-05-25 | 扬州传扬电缆材料有限公司 | 一种高强度抗压镀锌板 |
FR3100477B1 (fr) * | 2019-09-10 | 2022-11-11 | Safran | Pièce en matériau composite stratifié pour un aéronef, cette pièce ayant des propriétés de protection au feu. |
JP7095778B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-07 | 2022-07-05 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | エクステリア用化粧板 |
US11566746B2 (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2023-01-31 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Fabric jacket to prevent nonmetallic equipment from extreme heat, external damage and fire |
US11619019B2 (en) | 2021-04-06 | 2023-04-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Automated system and installation process for a flexible mat fabric |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20120118589A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
MX2011012200A (es) | 2012-05-15 |
BRPI1105532A2 (pt) | 2013-03-26 |
SI2455221T1 (sl) | 2016-07-29 |
HRP20160383T1 (hr) | 2016-05-06 |
CN102529221A (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
HUE027518T2 (en) | 2016-10-28 |
ES2569505T3 (es) | 2016-05-11 |
RS54682B1 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
MX343084B (es) | 2016-10-24 |
PL2455221T3 (pl) | 2016-07-29 |
US9976689B2 (en) | 2018-05-22 |
EP2455221A1 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
DK2455221T3 (en) | 2016-04-18 |
EP2455221B1 (en) | 2016-01-27 |
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