CN102510845B - 电介质陶瓷以及层叠陶瓷电容器 - Google Patents

电介质陶瓷以及层叠陶瓷电容器 Download PDF

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CN102510845B
CN102510845B CN201080042263.9A CN201080042263A CN102510845B CN 102510845 B CN102510845 B CN 102510845B CN 201080042263 A CN201080042263 A CN 201080042263A CN 102510845 B CN102510845 B CN 102510845B
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dielectric ceramics
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铃木祥一郎
竹田敏和
池田润
森田惠
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Abstract

本发明提供一种例如适合在如车载用那样的高温环境下被使用的层叠陶瓷电容器中使用的电介质陶瓷。该电介质陶瓷具有由组成式:(1-x)(Ba1-yCay)mTiO3+xCaTiO3+aRe2O3+bMgO+cMnO+dV2O3+eSiO2表示的组成(Re是Gd、Dy、Y、Ho和/或Er),并满足0.001≤x≤0.02、0.08≤y≤0.20、0.99≤m≤1.05的各条件,并且,在利用将(1-x)(Ba,Ca)TiO3+xCaTiO3设为1摩尔时的摩尔份表示了a、b、c、d以及e时,满足0.01≤a≤0.04、0.005≤b≤0.035、0≤c≤0.01、0≤d≤0.01、0.01≤e≤0.04的各条件。由该电介质陶瓷构成层叠陶瓷电容器(1)的电介质陶瓷层(3)。

Description

电介质陶瓷以及层叠陶瓷电容器
技术领域
本发明涉及电介质陶瓷以及层叠陶瓷电容器,尤其涉及例如适合在如车载用那样的高温环境下被使用的层叠陶瓷电容器中使用的电介质陶瓷、以及使用电介质陶瓷而构成的层叠陶瓷电容器。
背景技术
在以车载用等为用途的层叠陶瓷电容器中,与通常的层叠陶瓷电容器相比,被要求更高温域的保证。例如,层叠陶瓷电容器被要求EIA标准的X8R特性(在-55~125℃中,以25℃为基准的静电电容的变化率为±15%以内)等。
在被要求这样的保证的情况下,作为构成层叠陶瓷电容器所具备的电介质陶瓷层的电介质陶瓷的主成分,例如使用了日本特开2006-199534号公报(专利文献1)所记载那样的(Ba,Ca)TiO3系的材料。
但是,在上述专利文献1所记载的电介质陶瓷中,存在容易引起绝缘电阻率降低这一问题。而且,如果想要提高绝缘电阻率,则介电常数变低,存在难以兼顾绝缘电阻率与介电常数这一问题。
专利文献1:日本特开2006-199534号公报
发明内容
鉴于此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种能够解决上述那样的问题的电介质陶瓷,即提供一种适合例如在如车载用那样的高温环境下被使用的层叠陶瓷电容器中使用的电介质陶瓷。
本发明的另一目的在于,提供一种使用上述的电介质陶瓷而构成的层叠陶瓷电容器。
为了解决上述的技术课题,本发明涉及的电介质陶瓷具有利用组成式:(1-x)(Ba1-yCay)TiO3+xCaTiO3+eSiO2表示的组成,并满足0.001≤x≤0.02以及0.08≤y≤0.20的各条件,并且,在利用将(1-x)(Ba1-yCay)TiO3+xCaTiO3设为1摩尔时的摩尔份表示e时,
满足0.01≤e≤0.04的条件。
本发明涉及的电介质陶瓷在优选的实施方式中,具有利用组成式:(1-x)(Ba1-yCay)mTiO3+xCaTiO3+aRe2O3+bMgO+cMnO+dV2O3+eSiO2表示的组成(Re是从Gd、Dy、Y、Ho以及Er中选出的至少1种),并满足0.001≤x≤0.02、0.08≤y≤0.20以及0.99≤m≤1.05的各条件,并且,在利用将(1-x)(Ba1-yCay)mTiO3+xCaTiO3设为1摩尔时的摩尔份分别表示a、b、c、d以及e时,满足0.01≤a≤0.04、0.005≤b≤0.035、0≤c≤0.01、0≤d≤0.01以及0.01≤e≤0.04的各条件。
在本发明涉及的电介质陶瓷中,CaTiO3主要与(Ba,Ca)TiO3主相粒子独立地存在,其存在形态可考虑二次相粒子、晶粒边界、三态点等,没有特别限定。
本发明还适合下述的层叠陶瓷电容器,该层叠陶瓷电容器具备:电容器主体,其具有层叠的多个电介质陶瓷层、以及沿着电介质陶瓷层间的特定的界面形成的多个内部电极而构成;和多个外部电极,其形成在电容器主体的外表面上相互不同的位置,并且与内部电极中的特定的内部电极电连接。本发明涉及的层叠陶瓷电容器的特征在于,电介质陶瓷层由上述的本发明涉及的电介质陶瓷形成。
根据本发明涉及的电介质陶瓷,由于高温下的可靠性高,并在规定的范围内添加了CaTiO3,所以可以使绝缘电阻率以logρ(ρ的单位为“Ω·m”)上升为10以上,并得到介电常数1000以上。该值是以Ca置换量(y)大至0.08以上的高温保证用的材料组成而应特别书写的值。可推测其原因在于,通过微量添加规定量的CaTiO3,晶界中的Ca浓度稳定且作为主相粒子的(Ba,Ca)TiO3粒子间的Ca成分的移动被抑制,Ca浓度的粒子间偏差变少。
根据本发明的前述优选实施方式,可得到进一步满足EIA标准的X8R特性、且高温负荷可靠性以在175℃施加了电场强度30V/mm的直流电压时的平均故障寿命计较高为20小时以上的电介质陶瓷。
因此,通过将本发明涉及的电介质陶瓷用于层叠陶瓷电容器,能够确保出色的高温负荷可靠性。因此,可将层叠陶瓷电容器用于车载用途。
附图说明
图1是通过图示方式对使用本发明涉及的电介质陶瓷而构成的层叠陶瓷电容器1进行表示的剖视图。
图2是表示与在实验例1中制成的试样14相关的陶瓷烧结体的XRD图谱的图。
具体实施方式
图1是通过图示方式对使用本发明涉及的电介质陶瓷而构成的层叠陶瓷电容器1进行表示的剖视图。
层叠陶瓷电容器1具备电容器主体2。电容器主体2构成为具有层叠的多个电介质陶瓷层3、和沿着多个电介质陶瓷层3之间的特定的多个界面分别形成的多个内部电极4以及5。内部电极4以及5形成为到达电容器主体2的外表面,但被引出到电容器主体2的一个端面6为止的内部电极4、与被引出到另一个端面7为止的内部电极5在电容器主体2的内部交替配置。
在电容器主体2的外表面上且在端面6以及7上,按照与内部电极4以及5分别电连接的方式,分别形成有外部电极8以及9。作为这些外部电极8以及9的材料,可以使用Ni、Ni合金、Cu、Cu合金、Ag或者Ag合金等。外部电极8以及9,通常通过在电容器主体2的两端面6以及7上涂敷向金属粉末添加玻璃粉而得到的导电性膏,并对其进行烧接而形成。
另外,可以根据需要,在外部电极8以及9上形成由Ni、Cu等构成的第1镀膜,进而在其上形成由焊锡、Sn等构成的第2镀膜。
在这样的层叠陶瓷电容器1中,电介质陶瓷层3由具有用组成式:(1-x)(Ba1-yCay)TiO3+xCaTiO3+eSiO2表示的组成的电介质陶瓷构成。在上述组成式中,满足0.001≤x≤0.02以及0.08≤y≤0.20的各条件,并且,
在利用将(1-x)(Ba1-yCay)TiO3+xCaTiO3设为1摩尔时的摩尔份表示了e时,满足0.01≤e≤0.04的条件。
对上述电介质陶瓷而言,由于在规定的范围内添加了CaTiO3,所以使绝缘电阻率以logρ(ρ的单位为“Ω·m”)计上升到10以上,并且,可获得1000以上的介电常数。可推测其原因在于:通过添加规定量的CaTiO3,晶界中的Ca浓度稳定,并且,作为主相粒子的(Ba,Ca)TiO3粒子间的Ca成分的移动被抑制,使得Ca浓度的粒子间偏差减少。
在如该实施方式那样,使用上述电介质陶瓷制作层叠陶瓷电容器1的情况下,通过适量添加Mn、V、Re(Re是从Gd、Dy、Y、Ho以及Er中选出的至少1种)等元素,能够改善温度特性、可靠性等诸特性。
即,上述电介质陶瓷层3优选由具有利用组成式:(1-x)(Ba1-yCay)mTiO3+xCaTiO3+aRe2O3+bMgO+cMnO+dV2O3+eSiO2表示的组成(Re是从Gd、Dy、Y、Ho以及Er中选出的至少1种)的电介质陶瓷构成。在该组成式中,满足0.001≤x≤0.02、0.08≤y≤0.20以及0.99≤m≤1.05的各条件,并且在利用将(1-x)(Ba1-yCay)mTiO3+xCaTiO3设为1摩尔时的摩尔份分别表示了a、b、c、d以及e时,满足0.01≤a≤0.04、0.005≤b≤0.035、0≤c≤0.01、0≤d≤0.01以及0.01≤e≤0.04的各条件。
根据具有上述组成的电介质陶瓷,能够进一步满足EIA标准的X8R特性,而且,高温负荷可靠性在以在175℃施加了电场强度为30V/mm的直流电压时的平均故障寿命计较高为20小时以上。
因此,在层叠陶瓷电容器1中,能够确保出色的高温负荷可靠性。
此外,图示的层叠陶瓷电容器1是具备2个外部电极8以及9的双端子型层叠陶瓷电容器,但也可以应用于多端子型的层叠陶瓷电容器。
接下来,对为了确认本发明的效果而实施的实验例进行说明。
[实验例1]
准备Ca置换量被调整成表1所示的“y”的(Ba1-yCay)TiO3,并且准备CaTiO3、MnO以及SiO2,将它们按照(1-x)(Ba1-yCay)TiO3+xCaTiO3+cMnO+eSiO2的组成式中的“x”、“c”以及“e”成为表1所示的数值的方式进行称量,来准备混合后的原料粉末。这里,“c”以及“e”表示将(1-x)(Ba1-yCay)TiO3+xCaTiO3设为1摩尔时的摩尔份。
接下来,对该原料粉末添加聚乙烯醇缩丁醛系粘合剂以及乙醇等有机溶剂,利用球磨机进行湿式混合,调制了陶瓷浆。
接下来,通过刮刀法使该陶瓷浆成形为片状,得到了陶瓷生片。
接下来,在该陶瓷生片上印刷以Ni为主体的导电性膏,形成了成为内部电极的导电性膏膜。
接着,按照上述的导电性膏膜被引出的一侧相互不同的方式层叠多枚陶瓷生片,得到了半成品的电容器主体。
接下来,在N2气氛中以350℃的温度对该半成品的电容器主体进行加热,使粘合剂燃烧,然后在氧分压为10-10~10-12MPa的由H2-N2-H2O气体构成的还原气氛中,以表1所示的温度烧制2个小时,使电容器主体烧结。
接下来,对烧结后的电容器主体的两端面涂敷含有B2O3-SiO2-BaO系玻璃粉的银膏,并在N2气氛中以600℃的温度进行烧接,形成与内部电极电连接的外部电极,从而得到成为试样的层叠陶瓷电容器。
如此得到的层叠陶瓷电容器的外形尺寸为宽度1.0mm、长度2.0mm以及厚度0.5mm,夹设在内部电极间的电介质陶瓷层的厚度为3μm。而且,有效电介质陶瓷层的数量为5,每1层的内部电极的对置面积为1.3×10-6m2
针对与这些得到的各试样相关的层叠陶瓷电容器,利用自动桥接式测定器在25℃下施加1Vrms、1kHz的交流电压来测定静电电容(C)以及介电损失(tan δ),根据得到的C和内部电极面积以及电介质陶瓷层的厚度,计算出相对介电常数(ε)。
另外,利用绝缘电阻计在25℃施加两分钟15kV/mm的直流电压来测定绝缘电阻(R),基于得到的R和层叠陶瓷电容器的构造,计算出绝缘电阻率(ρ)。
这些结果表示于表1。
[表1]
在表1中,对试样编号赋予了*的是本发明范围外的试样。
如表1所示,在本发明的范围内的试样3~9、12~18以及21~24中,满足了0.001≤x≤0.02、0.08≤y≤0.20、0≤c≤0.01以及0.01≤e≤0.04的各条件。根据这些试样3~9、12~18以及21~24,绝缘电阻率以logρ(ρ的单位为“Ω·m”)计为10以上,并且得到了1000以上的ε。
与此相对,在CaTiO3量“x”小于0.001的试样1以及2中,绝缘电阻率以log ρ计小于10。另一方面,在CaTiO3量“x”超过0.02的试样10中,ε小于1000。
图2中表示了与本发明的范围内的试样14相关的陶瓷烧结体的XRD图谱。在图2中,用箭头表示的部分是CaTiO3的峰。主要的大峰全都是(Ba,Ca)TiO3的峰。这样,在XRD图谱中,出现微量添加的CaTiO3的峰引人注目。
另外,在Ca置换量“y”超过0.20的试样19中,绝缘电阻率以logρ计小于10。另一方面,在Ca置换量“y”小于0.08的试样11中,ε小于1000。
另外,在SiO2添加量“e”小于0.01的试样20中,难以烧结,无法取得特性。另一方面,在SiO2添加量“e”超过0.04的试样25中,ε小于1000。
此外,对于MnO添加量“c”,所有的试样都为0.005,但从以下说明的实验例2可知,如果超过0.01,则在高温负荷可靠性试验中可获得不优选的结果。
[实验例2]
准备(Ba,Ca)/Ti比“m”被调整成表2所示那样的(Ba0.89Ca0.11)mTiO3,并且准备CaTiO3、Y2O3、Gd2O3、Dy2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、MgO、V2O3以及SiO2,将它们按照(1-x)(Ba0.89Ca0.11)mTiO3+xCaTiO3+aRe2O3+bMgO+cMnO+dV2O3+eSiO2的组成式中的“m”、“a”、“b”、“c”、“d”以及“e”成为表2所示的数值的方式进行称量,来准备混合后的原料粉末。这里,“a”、“b”、“c”、“d”以及“e”表示了将(1-x)(Ba0.89Ca0.11)mTiO3+xCaTiO3设为1摩尔时的摩尔份。
然后,与实施例1的情况同样地得到了成为试样的层叠陶瓷电容器。
针对与这些得到的各试样相关的层叠陶瓷电容器,和实验例1的情况同样地求出了相对介电常数(ε)以及绝缘电阻率(ρ)。
并且,在-55℃到150℃的范围内使温度改变的同时,测定静电电容,以25℃的静电电容为基准,求出变化的绝对值为最大的静电电容的变化率(“150℃TCC”),并且判定是否满足EIA标准的X8R特性(“X8R判定”)。关于X8R判定,满足X8R特性的用“○”表示,不满足的用“×”表示。
另外,作为高温负荷可靠性试验,在温度175℃施加30kV/mm的直流电压,来测定其绝缘电阻的经时变化,将各试样的绝缘电阻值变为105Ω以下的时刻设为故障,求出它们的平均故障时间(MTTF)。
它们的结果表示于表2。
[表2]
在表2中,对试样编号赋予了*的是本发明范围外的试样。
如表2所示,在本发明的范围内的试样102~107、110~113、115~118、120~122以及124~128中,满足了0.001≤x≤0.02、0.08≤y≤0.20、0.99≤m≤1.05、0.01≤a≤0.04、0.005≤b≤0.035、0≤c≤0.01、0≤d≤0.01以及0.01≤e≤0.04的各条件。根据这些试样102~107、110~113、115~118、120~122以及124~128,绝缘电阻率以logρ(ρ的单位为“Ω·m”)计为10以上,可得到1000以上的ε,并得到20小时以上的MTTF,150℃TCC为±15%以内,X8R判定为合格。
与此相对,在(Ba,Ca)/Ti比“m”小于0.99的试样101中,150℃TCC超过±15%,X8R判定为不合格。另一方面,在“m”超过1.05的试样108中,MTTF小于20小时。
另外,在Re2O3(Re是Gd、Dy、Y、Ho或者Er)添加量“a”小于0.01的试样109中,150℃TCC超过±15%,X8R判定为不合格。另一方面,在“a”超过0.04的试样114中,MTTF小于20小时。
另外,在MgO添加量“b”小于0.005的试样119中,150℃TCC超过±15%,X8R判定为不合格。另一方面,在“b”超过0.035的试样123中,MTTF小于20小时。
另外,在V2O3添加量“d”超过0.01的试样129中,MTTF小于20小时。
另外,在MnO添加量“c”超过0.01的试样130中,MTTF小于20小时。
附图标记的说明:1-层叠陶瓷电容器;2-电容器主体;3-电介质陶瓷层;4、5-内部电极;8、9-外部电极。

Claims (1)

1.一种层叠陶瓷电容器,其特征在于,具有:
电容器主体,其具有层叠的多个电介质陶瓷层、以及沿着所述电介质陶瓷层间的特定界面形成的多个内部电极而构成;和
多个外部电极,其形成在所述电容器主体的外表面上的相互不同的位置,并且与所述内部电极的特定的内部电极电连接;
并且,所述层叠陶瓷电容器满足EIA标准的X8R特性,
所述电介质陶瓷层由如下的电介质陶瓷形成:
所述电介质陶瓷具有利用组成式:(1-x)(Ba1-yCaymTiO3+xCaTiO3+aRe2O3+bMgO+cMnO+dV2O3+eSiO2表示的组成,Re是从Gd、Dy、Y、Ho以及Er中选出的至少1种,并满足0.001≤x≤0.02、0.08≤y≤0.20、以及0.99≤m≤1.05的各条件,并且,
在利用将(1-x)(Ba1-yCaymTiO3+xCaTiO3设为1摩尔时的摩尔份分别表示了a、b、c、d以及e时,满足0.01≤a≤0.04、0.005≤b≤0.035、0≤c≤0.01、0≤d≤0.01以及0.01≤e≤0.04的各条件。
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