CN1024923C - 一种润滑剂组合物 - Google Patents
一种润滑剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1024923C CN1024923C CN89107992A CN89107992A CN1024923C CN 1024923 C CN1024923 C CN 1024923C CN 89107992 A CN89107992 A CN 89107992A CN 89107992 A CN89107992 A CN 89107992A CN 1024923 C CN1024923 C CN 1024923C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- composition
- compound
- alkyl
- amine
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- -1 Nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 64
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 43
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCO BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CMWSRWTXVQLHNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)propane Chemical compound CC(C)CSCC(C)C CMWSRWTXVQLHNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 34
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 33
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 35
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 30
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 24
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 12
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical group CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 4
- LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylethanolamine Chemical compound NCCNCCO LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical group CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BZJTUOGZUKFLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclooctane Chemical group CC1CC(C)CC(C)CC(C)C1 BZJTUOGZUKFLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 231100000761 test methods regulation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-but-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C\C IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940117958 vinyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000207 volumetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
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- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
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Abstract
本文叙述了用于减少硫化氢的含氮羧酸化合物。本发明的组合物最好也包括含碱金属或碱土金属化合物。
Description
本发明涉及含硫的一种润滑剂组合物,该组合物用于切削液中,并抑制来自该组合物的硫化氢的形成。
在1987年9月1日公开的美国专利4,690,767中,DiBiase和Vinci描述了通过使用具有任意含有羧酸或酸酐的受阻胺来控制硫化氢从油溶性
的硫化有机化合物中放出。在1986年10月7日公开的美国专利4,615,818中,也由DiBiase和Vinci作出了类似的揭示。通过不饱和化合物与硫和硫化氢的混合物在高于大气压的压力下和在催化剂存在下进行反应来制备的硫化组合物,由Davis描述在1978年10月10日公开的美国专利4,119,549中。对于Davis的这类含活性硫组合物可用于润滑剂组合物以及齿轮润滑剂、金属加工润滑剂和液压流体中。上述专利的类似披露可在1978年10月10日公开的由Davis和Holden描述的美国专利4,119,550中得知。
1979年10月9日公开的美国专利4,170,560,由Lowe叙述了润滑油组合物,其中含硫物质的抗氧化剂与羟胺化合物共同使用。在1945年9月4日公开的美国专利2,384,146中,Wallace描述了使用链烷醇胺在硫化润滑剂中作为臭味抑制剂。Wallace等人在1946年1月15日公开的美国专利2,392,891中描述了被指出用于抑制产生臭味的含有石油硫酸钠皂的硫化油、硫化油和三乙醇胺。
1966得3月1日公开的美国专利3,238,130,由Mstson描述了使用烷氧基化胺在含有油溶性的有机含硫化合物的组合物中作为一种组分。美国专利3,909,426叙述了含有二苄化二硫和醋酸钙的润滑脂组合物。Herd等人在美国专利4,476,672中描述了在镁、钙和钡化合物存在下基本组分的硫化作用。
Lincoln等人在1947年2月4日公开的美国专利2,415,296中叙述了在含有硫化合物的润滑剂中使用胺化合物。Watkins在1949年4月19日公开的美国专利2,467,713中描述了含有钙有机化合物和烯属硫化物的润滑剂组合物。Watkins的组分指出具有改进的特性,特别是在氧化和腐蚀方面。
因此,正如后面所描述的,通常已知的是硫化化合物,而且往往是含活性硫化合物可用于增加润滑剂和切削液的极压的性能。活性硫的存在是可产生硫化氢的一个难对付的问题。硫化氢是有毒气体,即使含量很低时,仍可产生令人恶心的臭味。通常认为胺化合物可用来至少部分地控制硫化氢。低分子量胺化合物一般具有刺激性的问题,因此,使用胺使硫化氢不挥发不是令人满意的。本发明使用的使硫化氢不挥发的抑制剂具有低刺激性,于是,是非常令人满意的。
本发明涉及一类独特的胺化合物,特别是当与有机化合物的碱金属或碱土金属盐相结合时,这类胺化合物控制了在含活性硫化合物中硫化氢的放出。已发现,本发明的胺化合物在效力方面具有很高的选择性。就某些含非活性硫组合物来说,胺化合物会增进硫化氢的产生。也应注意到,当胺一般用于控制硫化氢时,胺本身的形态可能导致对皮肤的刺激,特别是对敏感的工作人员,于是,当很多胺化合物可控制硫化氢产生时,意想不到的是一种特殊形式的胺会如此做到不引起皮肤过敏。
在整篇说明书和权利要求书中,除另有说明外,百分比和比率是以重量计的,温度为摄氏度,压力为KPa表压。需进一步指出的是,本发明给出的数值范围是示范性的并可兼有。就本文引用的适合本发明的参考文献来说,它们被引入可全面地作为参考。
本发明涉及的润滑剂组合物包括:
(A)润滑粘度的油;
(B)具有至少一种约12至500个碳原子的烃基取代基的至少一种多元羧酸化合物与至少一种下述化合物:(ⅰ)N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺,或(ⅱ)所说胺的羟基取代的多(羟氧基)衍生物进行反应的反应产物;
(C)含活性硫有机化合物;和
(D)至少一种含碱金属或碱土金属化合物;
本发明还描述的润滑剂组合物包括:
(A)200份至1000份润滑粘度的油;
(B)0.5份至20份含氮羧酸化合物,该化合物是通过具有C12至C500烃基取代的琥珀酸或其酐与至少一种N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺反应来制备的,其中的胺是单或二烃基N-取代的,且至少一个烃基取代基是乙基;
(C)5份至350份含活性硫化合物;和
(D)0.5份至10份至少一种含碱金属或碱土金属化合物。
本发明另外实施方案的浓缩物包括:
(B)0.5份至20份含氮羧酸化合物,该化合物是通过具有C12至C500烃基取代的琥珀酸或其酐与至少一种N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺反应来制备的,其中的胺是单或二烃基N-取代的,且至少
一个烃基取代基是乙基;
(C)5份至350份含活性硫化合物;和
(D)0.5份至10份至少一种含碱金属或碱土金属化合物。
本发明也企图描述的一种减少来自含活性硫化合物的游离硫化氢存在的方法,该方法包括的步骤是(C)含活性硫化合物与(B)含氮羧酸化合物相接触,上述的含氮羧酸化合物是通过具有至少一种约12至500碳原子的烃基取代基的至少一种多元羧酸酰化剂与至少一种下述化合物:(ⅰ),N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺;(ⅱ).所说胺的羟基取代的多(烃氧基)类似物;或(ⅲ).(ⅰ)和(ⅱ)的混合物反应来制备,以及加热(B)和(C)的混合物,以便减少游离硫化氢的含量。
本发明涉及对硫化氢气体的控制。硫化氢是剧毒的,次于毒性的是它具有一种令人讨厌的臭味。许多含硫组合物具有产生硫化氢的性能。润滑油组合物,特别是那些用于切削液的润滑油组合物含有能够产生硫化氢的大量组分。因此,非常希望提供一种方法来控制硫化氢从这类产物中放出。
在本发明中要讨论的第一种组分是润滑粘度的油,对本发明有用的润滑油通常是用于多种目的的包括液压流体、切削液等的基础油。
组分(A)
在本发明的流体制备中所使用的润滑粘度的油可基于天然油、合成油或其混合物。
天然油包括动物油和植物油(如蓖麻油、猪油)以及矿物润滑油,例如煤油和经溶剂处理或酸处理的链烷类、环烷类或混合的链烷-环烷类的矿物润滑油。从煤和页岩中得到的润滑粘度的油也是有用的。合成的润滑油包括烃油和卤素取代的烃油,例如聚合的和共聚的烯烃(如,聚丁烯、聚丙烯、丙烯-异丁烯共聚物、氯化聚丁烯等);聚(1-己烯)、聚(1-辛烯)、聚(1-癸烯)等,及其混合物;烷基苯(如,十二烷基苯、十四烷基苯、二壬基苯、二(2-乙己基)苯等);聚苯(如,联苯、三联苯-烷基化聚苯等);烷基化二苯醚和烷基化二苯硫和其衍生物、类似物以及同系物等。
其中端羟基已被酯化作用、醚化作用等改性的烯化氧聚合物和共聚物及其衍生物构成了可使用的另一类已知的合成润滑油。这些润滑油可通过环氧乙烷或1,2-环氧丙烷、这些聚氧化烯(如,具有平均分子量约1000的甲基聚异丙二醇醚、具有分子量约500-1000的聚乙二醇的二苯醚、具有分子量约1000-1500的聚丙二醇的二乙醚,等等)的烷基和芳基醚、或其单和多羧酸酯,如乙酸酯、混合的C3-C8脂肪酸酯、或三水缩四乙二醇的C13氧化酸双酯的聚合所制备的油来说明。
可使用的另一类适合的合成润滑油包括二羧酸(如苯二甲酸、琥珀酸、烷基琥珀酸、链烯基琥珀酸、马来酸、壬二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、富马酸、己二酸、亚油酸二聚物、丙二酸、烷基丙二酸、链烯基丙二酸等)与多种醇(如丁醇、己醇、十二烷醇、2-乙基己醇、1,2-亚乙基二醇、二甘醇单醚、丙二醇等)形成的酯。这些酯的具体实例包括己二酸二丁酯、癸二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、富马酸二正己酯、癸二酸二辛酯、壬二酸二异辛酯、壬二酸二异癸酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二癸酯、癸二酸双二十烷基酯、亚油酸二聚物的2-乙基己基二酯、一摩尔的癸二酸与两摩尔的三水缩四乙二醇和两摩尔的2-乙基己酸等反应形成混合酯。
作为合成油有用的酯也包括由C5至C12的一元羧酸与多元醇和多羟基醚,如新戊醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、三季戊四醇等制备的那些酯。
硅基油类,如多烷基、多芳基、多烷氧基或多芳氧基硅氧烷油和硅酸酯油构成另一类有用的合成润滑剂[如,硅酸四乙酯、硅酸四异丙酯、硅酸四(2-乙基己基)酯、硅酸四(4-甲基己基)酯、硅酸四(对叔丁基苯基)酯、己基(4-甲基-2-戊氧基)二硅氧烷、聚甲基硅氧烷、聚甲基苯基硅氧烷等]。其他合成的润滑油包括含磷酸的液态酯(如,磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸三辛酯、癸烷磷酸的二乙基酯等)、聚合四氢呋喃等。
本发明的流体也可含有水,以作为部分取代润滑粘度的油。当润滑油使用水时,一般它的含量是5%至80%,最好为10%至70%(以润滑油重量计)。水的含量一般要足以溶解或分散剩余的组分。通常使用乳化剂以帮助制备油和水的乳化液。
组分(B)
本发明要讨论的第二种组分是具有至少一种约12至约500个碳原子烃基取代基的至少一种多元羧酸化合物与至少一种下述化合物:(ⅰ)N-(羟
基取代的烃基)胺,或(ⅱ)所说胺的羟基取代的多(烃氧基)衍生物进行反应的反应产物。多元羧酸化合物在本文也称为羧酸酰化剂。
羧酸化合物
通常,这些羧酸酰化剂是通过烯烃聚合物或其氯化的类似物与不饱和羧酸或其衍生物,如富马酸、马来酐等反应来制备。用多于1摩尔的单官能的酰化剂得到多官能团。一般它们是多元羧酸酰化剂,如烃基取代的琥珀酸和酐。这些酰化剂通常具有至少一种约12至约500个碳原子的烃基取代基,通常,这种取代基具有平均约20,典型的为30至约300或500个碳原子,经常它具有平均约50至约250个碳原子。
在本发明的上下文中使用的术语“烃基”、“烃基取代基”等代表具有直接连接到分子的剩余部分并且具有占优势的烃基特性的取代基。这类取代基包括如下:
(1)烃取代基,这就是脂族的(如烷基或链烯基)、脂环族的(如环烷基、环链烯基)取代基;芳族的、脂族的和脂环族取代的芳香核等;以及环状取代基,其中的环是通过分子的另外部分完成的(这就是说,任何两个指示取代基可以一起形成脂环族基);
(2)取代的烃取代基,这就是含有非烃基的那些取代基,在本发明的上下文中,其非烃基没有改变占优势的烃基取代基的特性,在本技术领域中那些熟练的技术人员将了解这类基[如卤素(特别是氯和氟)、烷氧基、巯基、烷巯基、硝基、亚硝基、次硫酸基等);
(3)杂取代基,这就是说,在本发明的上下文中,该杂取代基将含有除在另外由碳原子组成的环或链中存在的碳以外的杂原子,而同时具有占优势的烃基特性。适合的杂原子对本技术领域中熟练的那些技术人员将是显而易见的,并且包括,如硫、氧、氮,且这类取代基,如吡啶基、呋喃基、苯硫基、咪唑基等是这些杂取代基的典型实例。
通常,在烃基取代基中,每10个碳原子将存在不多于约三个基或杂原子,并且最好不多于一个,典型的是,在烃基取代基中没有这类基或杂原子,因此,它将是纯烃基。
通常,在本发明中使用的酰化剂中存在的烃基取代基没有炔键不饱和现象。而烯键不饱和现象是指一般烯键将是这样存在的,以致于使在取代基中每10个碳-碳键存在不多于一个乙烯键。取代基经常是完全饱和的,因此不存在烯键不饱和现象。
正如上面所指出的,在本发明的酰化剂中存在的烃基取代基可以由烯烃聚合物或其氯化类似物中得到。得到烯烃聚合物的烯烃单体是通过具有一个或多个乙烯键不饱和基来表示能够聚合的烯烃和单体的特征。它们可以是单烯类单体,如乙烯、丙烯、丁烯-1、异丁烯和辛烯-1,或多烯类单体(通常是二烯类单体,如丁二烯-1,3和异戊二烯)。
一般这些单体是端烯烃,这就是,通过存在的-C=CH2基来表示烯烃特征的。然而,某些内烯烃也可作为单体(有时这些内烯烃称为中烯烃)。当使用这类中烯烃单体时,一般它们是与端烯烃结合使用,以便产生共聚体的烯烃聚合物。虽然烃基取代基也可包括芳基(特别是苯基和低级烷基和/或低级烷氧基取代的苯基,如对(叔丁基苯基)和能够从可聚合的环状烯烃或脂环族取代的可聚合的环状烯烃得到的一类脂族基,而烯烃聚合物通常没有这类基。不过,由1,3-二烯和苯乙烯两种化合物,如丁二烯-1,3和苯乙烯或对(叔丁基)苯乙烯的共聚物得到的烯烃聚合物对于这一普通的规则是例外的。
通常,烯烃聚合物是具有约2至约16个碳原子的端烃基烯烃的均聚物或共聚物。更典型的一类烯烃聚合物是选自由2至6个碳原子,特别是2至4个碳原子的端烯的均聚物和共聚物组成的那类聚合物。
可用于制备能得到烃基取代基的烯烃聚合物的端烯烃单体和中烯烃单体的具体实例包括乙烯、丙烯、丁烯-1、丁烯-2、异丁烯、戊烯-1、己烯-1、庚烯-1、辛烯-1、壬烯-1、癸烯-1、戊烯-2、四聚丙烯、二异丁烯、三聚异丁烯、丁二烯-1,2、丁二烯-1,3、戊二烯-1,2、戊二烯-1,3、异戊二烯、己二烯-1,5、2-氯丁二烯-1,3、2-甲基庚烯-1,3-环己基丁烯-1,3,3-二甲基戊烯-1、苯乙烯二乙烯苯、乙烯基乙酸酯、烯丙基醇、1-甲基乙烯基乙酸酯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸乙酯、乙基·乙烯基醚和甲基·乙烯基酮。当然,纯烃基单体是更典型的,且端烯烃单体是特别典型的。
一般烯烃聚合物是在路易斯酸催化剂,如氯化铝、三氟化硼存在下,通过具有丁烯含量约35至75%(重量)和异丁烯含量约30至60%(重量)的C4炼油物流的聚合而得到的聚异丁烯类。这些聚异丁烯含有占优势(这就是说,大于总重复单元的80%)的异丁烯重复单元构型。
-CH2C(CH3)2- (Ⅰ)
一般,本发明所使用的羧酸酰化剂中的烃基取代基是可以用标记“hyd”表示的具有约12至约500个碳原子的烃基、烷基或链烯基。有用的酰化剂包括含有约30-500碳原子的烃基取代基的取代的琥珀酸酰化剂。
通常,在制备组分(B)中所使用的酰化剂是可用下式表示的取代的琥珀酸或其衍生物,
hyd CH(COOH)CH2COOH (Ⅱ)
这类琥珀酸酰化剂可通过马来酐、马来酸或富马酸与上面叙述的烯烃聚合物反应来制备。一般,该反应包括在约150℃至约200℃下将两种反应物加热。聚烯烃的混合物以及不饱和的一元和二元羧酸也可使用。
N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺
本发明的羟基烃基胺每个分子通常具有1至约4个羟基,典型的是具有1至约2个羟基。这些羟基每一个都键合到烃基上或羟基取代的烃基上,而其烃基或羟基取代的烃基又键合到分子中的胺部分上。这些N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺可以是单胺或多胺,并且它们可具有总计高达约40个碳原子,一般它们总计达20个碳原子,然而,典型的是,它们是只含单羟基的单胺。这些胺可以是伯胺、仲胺或叔胺,而N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺可以具有一个或多个任何这些类型的氨基。二种或多种任何上述的胺(A)(Ⅱ)也可使用来制备羧酸增溶剂(A)。
用于本发明的N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺的实例是N-(羟基低级烷基)胺和多胺,如2-羟乙基胺、3-羟丁基胺、二(2-羟乙基)胺、三(2-羟乙基)胺、二(2-羟丙基)胺、N,N,N′-三(2-羟乙基)亚乙基二胺,N,N,N′,N′-四(2-羟乙基)亚乙基二胺、N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪、N,N′-二(3-羟丙基)哌嗪、N-(2-羟乙基)吗啉、N-(2-羟乙基)-2-吗啉酮、N-(2-羟乙基)-3-甲基-2-吗啉酮、N-(2-羟丙基)-6-甲基-2-吗啉酮、N-(2-羟乙基)-5-乙酯基-2-哌啶酮、N-(2-羟丙基)-5-乙酯基-哌啶酮、N-(2-羟乙基)-5-(N-丁氨基甲酰)-2-哌啶酮、N-(2-羟乙基)哌啶、N-(4-羟丁基)哌啶、N,N-二(2-羟乙基)甘氨酸,和其具有脂族醇,特别是低级烷基醇、N,N-二(3-羟丙基)甘氨酸的醚,等等。
另外的氨基醇是在美国专利3,576,743中用下述通式描述的羟基取代的伯胺
Ra-NH2(Ⅲ)
其中Ra是含有至少一个醇羟基的一价有机基;根据这个专利,在Ra中碳原子的总数不多于约20。含有总计达约10个碳原子的羟基取代的脂族伯胺是有用的。通常有用的是多羟基取代的链烷醇伯胺,在该伯胺中,仅有具有含达10个碳原子和4个羟基的一个烷基取代基的一个氨基存在(即伯氨基)。
这些链烷醇伯胺相当于RaNH2,其中Ra是单或多羟基取代的烷基。一般是至少一个羟基是伯醇羟基。三羟甲基氨基甲烷是典型的羟基取代的伯胺。羟基取代的伯胺的具体例子包括2-氨基-1-丁醇、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇、对-(β-羟乙基)苯胺、2-氨基-1-丙醇、3-氨基-1-丙醇、2-氨基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-氨基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、N-(β-羟丙基)-N′-(β-氨乙基)哌嗪、2-氨基-1-丁醇、乙醇胺、β-(β-羟基乙氧基)乙胺、葡糖胺、glusoamine、4-氨基-3-羟基-3-甲基-1-丁烯(它可用已有技术中的方法,通过氧化异戊二烯与氨进行反应来制备)、N-3-(氨丙基)-4(2-羟乙基)哌啶、2-氨基-6-甲基-6-庚醇、5-氨基-1-戊醇、N-(β-羟乙基)-1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,3-二氨基-2-羟基丙烷、N-(β-羟基乙氧基)-亚乙基二胺、等等。对在本发明中用来作为N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺的羟基取代的伯胺的进一步描述见美国专利3,576,743,本文中清楚地引用该专利,以便作为揭示这类胺的参考。
一般,胺是伯、仲或叔链烷醇胺或其混合物。这类胺可分别用下式表示:
H2N-R′-OH、R″NHR′OH和(R″)2NR′OH其中每个R″独自是具有1至约8个碳原子的烃基或具有2至约8个碳原子的羟基取代的烃基,而R′
是具有约2至约8个碳原子的二价烃基。该式中的-R′-OH基表示羟基取代的烃基。R″可以是无环基、脂环基或芳基。一般它是无环的直链或支链的亚烷基,例如乙烯基、1,2-丙烯基、1,2-丁烯基、1,2-十八烯基,等等。当两个R″基存在于同一个分子中时,它们可以通过直接的碳一对一碳键或通过杂原子(例如,氧、氮或硫)来连接以形成5、6、7或8员环的结构。这样的杂环胺的例子包括N-(羟基低级烷基)-吗啉、-硫化吗啉、-哌啶、-噁唑烷、-噻唑烷等等。然而,一般每个R″是最多达7个碳原子的低级烷基。
胺也可以是一种醚的N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺。这些是上述胺的羟基取代的多(烃氧基)类似物(这些类似物也包括羟基取代的氧化烯类似物)。通过环氧化物与上述胺进行反应可以很方便地制备这类胺,且可用下式表示:
H2N-(R′O)xH
R″NH(R′O)xH
(R″)2N(R′O)xH
其中X是2至约15的数值,且R′和R″的定义如上所述。
这些链烷基醇胺的多胺类似物,特别是烷氧基化的亚烷基多胺(如N,N-(二乙醇)亚乙基二胺)也可以用来制备本发明的增溶剂。这样的多胺可通过亚烷基胺(如亚乙基二胺)与具有2至约20个碳原子的一种或多种烯化氧(如环氧乙烷、氧化十八烯)进行反应来制备。类似的烯化氧链烷醇胺的反应产物也可使用,例如,该产物可由上述的伯、仲或叔链烷醇胺与乙烯、丙烯或高级环氧化物以1∶1至1∶2的摩尔比进行反应来制备。进行这类反应的反应物的比例和温度对本技术领域中那些熟练的技术人员来说是已知的。
烷氧基化亚烷基多胺的例子包括N-(2-羟乙基)亚乙基二胺、N,N-二(2-羟乙基)亚乙基二胺、1-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪、单(羟丙基)取代的二亚乙基三胺、二(羟丙基)取代的四亚乙基五胺、N-(3-羟丁基)四亚甲基二胺等等。由上述举例说明的羟基亚烷基多胺经氨基或经羟基缩合而获得的高级同系物同样是有用的。经氨基的缩合产生高级胺同时脱氨,而经羟基的缩合产生含醚键产物并同时脱水。上述单或多胺的任何两种或多种的混合物也是有用的。
N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺的特别有用的例子包括单、二、和三乙醇胺、二乙基乙醇胺、二(3-羟丙基)胺、N-(3-羟丁基)胺、N-(4-羟丁基)胺、N,N-二(2-羟丙基)胺、N-(2-羟乙基)吗啉和它的硫化类似物、N-(2-羟乙基)环己胺、N-3-羟基环戊胺、邻间和对氨基苯酚、N-(羟乙基)哌嗪、N,N′-二(羟乙基)哌嗪、等等。优选的胺是二乙基乙醇胺和乙醇胺及其混合物。
酰化剂和胺的反应
酰化剂与羟胺的反应可在约30℃和直到但不包括具有最低的这样的分解温度的反应组分和/或产物的分解温度的范围内进行。该反应一般在约50℃至约150℃范围内进行,但通常在低于约100℃下进行。该反应经常在酯形成条件下进行,并且这样所形成的产物是,例如,酯、盐、酰胺、酰亚胺、酰胺酯或这类产物的混合物。该盐可以是内盐,其中一个羧基结合到氮原子上成为离子型的,在它的同一基中,其盐可以是外盐,其中与氮原子(不是形成酯基的同一基的部分)形成离子盐基。酰化剂的混合物和/或羟胺的混合物可以使用。
一般,酰化剂与N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺的比例是每当量酰化剂在0.5至约3摩尔胺的范围内。酰化剂的当量可以通过用其分子量除以存在的羧基官能数来确定。通常这些可以从酰化剂的结构式或凭经验用已知的滴定法来确定。例如,琥珀酸酐或二烷基酯酰化剂的当量为其分子量的一半。胺的当量由氢原子数确定,以每个胺的氢表示一当量。
酰化剂与羟胺的反应可以在通常为液态的、实质上惰性的有机溶剂/稀释剂,例如苯、辛烷、和工业用混合物,如多种纺织用酒精和石脑油的存在下进行。也可以使用少量矿物油。这样的溶剂/稀释剂有助于温度的控制、粘度的控制等等。但是,当反应物能够充分流动时,通常不使用这样的溶剂/稀释剂,反应则在没有任何物质而在只有酰化剂和羟胺存在下进行。端烯烃单体是非常典型的。
制备组分(B)的实例如下。
实施例B-Ⅰ
向6,720份的聚(异丁烯)取代的琥珀酐(分子量1120Mn)中在1.5小时内缓慢加入702
份的二乙基乙醇胺,并同时混合。反应温度保持在90℃,并同时搅拌以完成混合。将这一中间混合物在90℃下另外加热0.5小时,然后加入366份单乙醇胺。将该混合物在90℃下保持最后0.5小时,并冷却便形成组分(B-Ⅰ)。
实施例B-Ⅱ
在2小时内向224份聚(异丁烯)取代的琥珀酐(分子量为1120Mn)中缓慢加入468份二乙基乙醇胺,并同时在90℃下搅拌。在90℃下继续另外加热1小时。这种组分(B-Ⅱ)在室温下是一种粘稠的褐色液体。
组分C
组分(C)是含活性硫的化合物。活性硫的定义是该化合物在149℃下用铜粉活化的硫的定义。测定活性硫的试验方法用在切削液中对于活性硫的标准试验方法规定:D1662-69〔(1979年审定)由美国试验和材料学会(ASTM)宣布〕来测定。正如下面所揭示的那样,可进一步说明本文使用的硫化合物。最好活性硫化合物是可分散于油/或水中。
本发明的活性硫组合物包括至少一种硫化有机化合物。许多硫化有机化合物可以使用,而且这些化合物通常可用下式表示:
RSxR1(Ⅳ)
其中S代表硫,X是具有1至约10的整数值,而R而R1可以是相同或不同的有机基。该有机基可以是含有烷基、芳基、芳烷基、烷芳基、链烷酸酯、噻唑、咪唑、偶磷硫化硫酸盐、β-酮烷基等的烃基或取代的烃基。基本的烃基可以含有其他取代基,例如卤基、氨基、羟基、巯基、烷氧基、芳氧基、硫化、硝基、磺酸、羧酸、羧酸酯等。
硫化组分的具体实例包括芳族、烷基或链烯基硫化物和多硫化物、硫化烯烃、硫化羧酸酯、硫化酯烯烃、硫化油,及其混合物。制备这类油熔性的硫化组分描述在现有技术中。
用于本发明的硫化有机化合物可以是芳族和烷基硫化物,例如二苄基硫、二甲苄基硫、联十六烷基硫、双石蜡硫化物和多硫化物、裂化石蜡油硫化物等。一种制备芳族和烷基硫化物的方法包括氯化烃与无机硫化物的缩合,在此,两个分子中的每个氯原子被取代,而且每个分子的自由价被连到二价硫原子上,一般,反应是在有元素硫存在下进行的。
二链烯基硫化物的实例描述在美国专利2,446,072中。这些硫化物可以通过将含有3至12个碳原子的烯属烃与元素硫在通常以酸式盐形式的锌或类似金属存在下进行反应来制备。这类硫化物的实例包括6,6′-二硫代双(5-甲基-4-壬烯)、2-丁烯基单硫化物和二硫化物(二异丁基硫化物)、和2-甲基-2-丁烯基单硫化物和二硫化物。
硫化烯烃包括由烯烃(最好含有2至6个碳原子)或由此得到的低分子量的聚烯烃与含硫化合物如硫、一氯化硫、二氯化硫、硫化氢及其混合物进行反应而制备的物质。
烯属化合物(Ⅳ)通常是这样的物质,其中每个R的意义(R或R1)独自是烷在、链烯基或芳基、或(很少)相应的取代基。单烯烃和二烯烃化合物,特别前者是优选的,而特别优选的是端单烯烃。具有约3至30,理想的是约3至16,特别是9或小于9,且最好是8个碳原子的烯烃化合物是特别理想的。
乙烯、异丁烯、丙烯及其低聚物是特别优选的烯烃化合物。在这些化合物中,异丁烯和二异丁烯是特别理想的,这是因为它们可易得到,并且特别是由此可制备得到含硫很高的组合物。
另一类含硫的有机化合物包括烯烃的一元或二元羧酸的硫化脂族酯。例如,1至30个碳原子的脂族醇可用于酯化一元羧酸,如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、2,4-戊二烯酸等、或富马酸、马来酸、粘康酸等。这些酯的硫化是与元素硫、一氯化硫和/或二氯化硫一起进行的。
还有另外一类在本发明的组合物中可使用的硫化有机化合物是可由下述通式表示其特征的双酯硫化物:
-Sy[(CH2)xCOOR]2(Ⅴ)
其中,X为约2至约5;y为1至约6,最好是1至约3;而R是具有约4至约20个碳原子的烷基。R基可以是充分地足以保持本发明的组合物在油中的溶解度的直链或支链基。典型的双酯包括硫二链烷酸,如丙酸、丁酸、戊酸和己酸和丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十二烷基和二十烷基的双酯。在双酯硫化物中,一个具体实例是3,3′-硫二丙酸二
月桂基酯。
希望的是,在本发明中不应使用硫化甘油三酯脂肪酸酯。已发现在加入本发明的胺组分时,硫化甘油三酯产生硫化氢气体。因此任何多于微量的硫化甘油三酯在本发明中都是不希望的。所谓微量指的是不应使用大于油溶性的活性硫有机化合物的20%(重量)。脂肪酸的硫化甘油三酯一般是通过硫、一氯化硫、和/或二氯化硫与不饱和的脂肪族酯在高温下反应而得到的那些物质。这样的物质一般是从动物脂肪和植物油,如浮油、亚麻子油、橄榄油、蓖麻油、花生油、菜子油、鱼油、鲸蜡油等中得到的。
活性硫组分的制备如下所述。
实施例C-Ⅰ
硫化烯烃是通过硫、硫化氢和二异丁烯反应来制备的。例如将128克硫(4摩尔)装入按有搅拌器和内冷却蛇管的夹套高压反应器中。冷冻盐水通过蛇管循环以便在引入气体反应物之前冷却反应器。反应器密封后,抽真空到压力小于0.5KPa,并冷却,再向反应器内加入224克(2摩尔)的二异丁烯和34克(1摩尔)的硫化氢。
然后经约1.5小时在外夹套用蒸汽将反应器加热到大约171℃在加热过程中,在约168℃时达到最大压力8600KPa达到反应温度之前,压力开始下降并随着气体反应物的消耗而继续稳定地下降。
在约171℃的反应温度下保持约10小时之后,压力大约是2100-2200KPa,并且压力的下降速率是每小时约30-70KPa。
这时,反应基本完成,而没有反应的硫化氢和二异丁烯则被排至回收系统。当反应器的压力降至环境压力之后,硫化混合物以液体的形式回收。然后向混合物充氮,并真空汽提以除去包括未反应的二异丁烯、硫醇以及单硫化物的低沸点物质。
剩余物就是含有约40%(重量)硫的所需的硫化组分。
组分(D)
组分(D)是至少含有一种碱金属或碱土金属的化合物。这种组分可以是高碱性的,也可以是中性的碱或碱土金属盐。优选的盐是中性的钙或镁盐,特别是中性的烷基苯磺酸钙盐,其中烷基含有12到30个碳原子。用于本发明的碱金属或碱土金属化合物的进一步描述如下。
含金组分(D)可以是碱金属或碱土金属的含硫酸盐、羧酸盐、酚盐和磷酸盐。这些盐可以是中性的或碱性的。前者含有的金属阳离子的量刚好足以中和以盐的阴离子形式存在的酸根;后者含有过量的金属阳离子,因此常被称为高碱性、过碱性或超碱性盐。
这些碱式盐和中性盐可具有油溶性的有机含硫酸,如磺酸、氨基磺酸、硫代磺酸、亚磺酸、次磺酸、偏酯硫酸、亚硫酸和硫代硫酸。它们通常是脂族磺酸或芳族磺酸盐。碱式盐的金属比大于1。金属比是存在的金属总当量与底物当量之比。
磺酸包括单或多核芳族或环脂族化合物。大多数磺酸可以用下式表示:
R1(SO3H)r(Ⅵ)
(R2)xT(SO3H)y(Ⅶ)
其中T是芳族核,例如苯、萘、蒽、菲、二葳并呋喃、噻蒽、吩噻恶、二亚苯基硫、吩噻嗪、苯醚、二苯硫、二苯胺、环己烷、石脑油、萘烷、环戊烷等。R1和R2每个独自为脂族基,R1至少含有约15个碳原子,R2和T中的碳原子之和至少是约15,且r、x和y每个独自为1或更大的数值。
R1的具体实例是由下述物质得到的基,它们是石蜡油、饱和和不饱和的石蜡和包括C2、C3、C4、C5、C6等聚合的聚烯烃,以及含有约15至7000或更多碳原子的烯烃。上式中的基T、R1和R2除上述列举的那些基之外,也可含有其他无机或有机取代基,例如羟基、巯基、卤素、硝基、氨基、亚硝基、硫化物、二硫化物等。下标X通常为1-3,且下标x+y之和通常每分子具有平均值约1-4。
下面是式Ⅰ和Ⅱ所包括范围的油溶性磺酸的实例,当然认为这些例子也可用来说明某些用于本发明的这类磺酸盐。换句话说,对每一种所列举的磺酸,企图也可了解其相应的中性金属盐和碱式金属盐来予以说明。这样的磺酸是石油磺酸、光亮油磺酸;由具有从在100°F(37.7℃)时为约100秒到在210°F(99℃)时为约200秒的赛波特粘度的润滑油馏分得到的磺酸;石蜡油磺酸;例如苯、二苯胺、噻吩、α-氯萘等的单和多蜡取代的磺酸和多磺酸;其它取代的磺酸,如烷基苯磺酸(其中烷基具有至少8个碳原子)、一硫化十六烷基苯酚
磺酸、三十二烷基噻蒽二磺酸、二月桂基β-萘基磺酸和烷芳基磺酸,如十二烷基苯“残留物”磺酸。
后者是由用四聚丙烯或三聚异丁烯烷基化以便在苯环上引入1、2、3或更多支链C12取代基的苯而得到的酸。十二烷基苯残留物主要是单和双十二烷基苯的混合物,可以作为家用洗涤剂生产的副产物而得到。由在直链烷基磺酸盐(LAS)的生产过程中形成的烷基化残留物而获得的类似产物在本发明所用的磺酸盐的制备中也是有用的。
通过与例如SO3进行反应,从洗涤剂生产的副产物制备的磺酸盐对本技术领域中熟练的技术人员来说是熟知的。参见,例如,文章“磺酸盐”[Kirk-Othmer“Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology”第二版,Vol.19.PP.291et seq.,由John Wiley&Sons出版,N.Y.(1969)]。
对中性磺酸盐和碱式磺酸盐的其他描述和制备它们的方法可在下列美国专利中找到:2,174,110;2,174,506;2,174,508;2,193,824;2,197,800;2,202,781;2,212,786;2,213,360;2,228,598;2,223,676;2,239,974;2,263,312;2,276,090;2,276,097;2,315,514;2,319,121;2,321,022;2,333,568;2,333,788;2,335,259;2,337,522;2,347,568;2,366,027;2,374,193;2,383,319;3,312,618;3,471,403;3,488,284;3,595,790和3,798,012。为揭示这方面的内容在此引入这些专利作为参考。还包括脂族磺酸,如石蜡磺酸、不饱和石蜡磺酸、羟基取代的石蜡磺酸、已基丙烯磺酸、四戊烯磺酸、其中含有20至7000或更多的碳原子的聚异丁烯磺酸、氯取代的石蜡磺酸、硝基石蜡磺酸,等;环脂族磺酸,如石脑油磺酸、十六烷基环戊基磺酸、十二烷基环己基磺酸、双(二异丁基)环己基磺酸、单或多蜡取代的环己基磺酸,等等。
能够制备用于本发明的合适的中性和碱式的碱金属和碱土金属盐所用的羧酸包括脂族的、环脂族的、和芳族的一元和多元羧酸,如环烷酸、烷基或链烷基取代的环戊酸、相应的环己酸和相应的芳香酸。脂族酸一般含有至少8个碳原子,最好含有至少12个碳原子。通常其碳原子数不多于400。一般,如果脂族碳链是支链的,则对任一给出的碳原子含量的酸都是更好油溶性的。环脂族和脂族羧酸可以是饱和的或不饱和的。具体实例包括2-乙基己酸、α-亚麻酸、四聚丙烯取代的马来酸、二十二烷酸、异硬脂酸、壬酸、癸酸、棕榈油酸、亚油酸、月桂酸、油酸、蓖麻油酸、十一烷酸、二辛基环戊烷羧酸、十四烷酸、二月桂萘烷羧酸、硬脂酰八氢化茚羧酸、标榈酸、工业上可得到的两种或多种羧酸,如浮油酸、松香酸等的混合物。
在本发明中使用的用于制备盐的优选的一类油溶性羧酸是油溶性的芳香羧酸,这些酸可用下述通式表示:
(R*)aAr*(CXXH)m(Ⅷ)
其中R*是具有至少4个碳原子且不多于约400脂族碳原子的脂族烃基,a是1至4的整数,Ar*是达约14个碳原子的多价的芳烃核,每个X独自为硫或氧原子,且m是1至4的整数,条件是,对于用式Ⅷ表示的每个酸分子,R*和a有平均至少8个由R*基拱提的脂族碳原子。用可变化的Ar*表示的芳香核的实例是由苯、萘、蒽、菲、茚、芴、联苯等得到的多价芳基。通常用Ar*表示的基将是由苯或萘,如亚苯基和亚萘基衍生而来的多价核,例如甲基亚苯基、乙氧基亚苯基、硝基亚苯基、异丙基亚苯基、羟基亚苯基、巯基亚苯基、N,N-二乙基氨基亚苯基、氯代亚苯基、二丙氧基亚萘基、三乙基亚萘基及其相似的三、四、五价核,等等。
通常R*基是纯烃基,最好的基,如烷基或链烯基。然而,R*基可含有少量的取代基,如苯基、环烷基(如,环己基、环戊基等)和非烃基,如硝基、氨基、卤代(如,氯、溴等)低级烷氧基、低级烷巯基、氧代取代基(即,=0)、硫代基(即=S,)、隔断基,如-NH-、-O-、-S-等,条件是保持R*基的基本的烃基特性,为保持达到本发明烃基特性的目的,只要存在于R*基中的非碳原子占有的重量不大于R*基总重量的约10%。
R*基的实例包括丁基、异丁基、戊基、辛基、壬基、十二烷基、二十二烷基、二十四烷基、5-氯己基、4-乙氧基戊基、2-己烯基、环己辛基、4-(对-氯苯)辛基、2,3,5-三甲基庚基、2-乙基-5-甲基辛基和由聚合的烯烃,如氯丁橡胶、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、乙烯-丙烯共
聚物、氯化烯烃聚合物、氧化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物等得到的取代基。同样,Ar基可含有非烃取代基,例如,象低级烷氧基、低级烷巯基、硝基、卤素、少于4个碳原子的烷基或链烯基、羟基、巯基等这样一类不同的取代基。
特别有用的羧基是下式表示的那些基,
R* aAr*(CXXH)m(XH)p(Ⅸ)
其中R*、X、Ar*、m和a同于式Ⅷ中的定义,且P是1至4,通常为1或2的整数。在这种基中,那些特别优选的一类油溶性羧酸如下式所示:
(R**)pha(COOH)b(OH)c (Ⅹ)
其中,式Ⅹ中的R**是含有至少4至约400个碳原子的脂族烃基,ph是苯基,a是1至3的整数,b是1或2,c是0、1或2,且最好是1,条件是,R**和a是这样的,以致于在每个酸分子的脂族烃取代基中,酸分子含有至少平均约12个脂族碳原子。在后一类油溶性羧酸中,其中每个脂族烃取代基中,每个取代基含有平均至少约16个碳原子,且每个分子含1至3个取代基的脂族烃取代的水杨酸是特别有用的。由这类水杨酸制备的盐,其中脂族烃取代基是由聚合的烯烃,特别是聚合的低级1-单烯烃,例如,具有平均碳含量为约30至400个碳原子的聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物等而得到的。
上述式(Ⅷ)和(Ⅸ)相应的羧酸是众所周知的,即可以按照本技术领域中已知的方法来制备。由上式说明的该种类型的羧酸和用于制备它们的中性和碱式金属盐的方法是熟知的,并公开在例如,美国专利2,197,832;2,197,835;2,252,662;2,252,664;2,714,092;3,410,798和3,595,791中。
在本发明中使用的另一类中性和碱式羧酸盐是由下述通式的琥珀酸烃基酯得到的:
R*CH(COOH)CH2COOH (Ⅺ)
其中R*同于上述式Ⅷ中的定义。这类盐及其制备方法叙述在美国专利3,271,130;3,567,637和3,632,610中。
用于制备上文所述的磺酸、羧酸和这些酸的任何两种或多种混合物的碱式盐的具体描述方法的其他专利包括美国专利2,501,731;2,616,904;2,616,905;2,616,906;2,616,911;2,616,924;2,616,925;2,617,049;2,777,874;3,027,325;3,256,186;3,282,835;3,384,585;3,373,108;3,368,396;3,342,733;3,320,162;3,312,618;3,318,809;3,471,403;3,488,284;3,595,790和3,629,109。
中性酚盐和碱式酚盐(通常称为酚盐)在本发明的组合物中也是有用的,并对本技术领域中熟练的技术人员是熟知的。形成酚盐的酚具有下述通式:
(R*)a-(Ar*)-(OH)m(Ⅻ)
其中R*、a、Ar*和m具有与上文式Ⅷ所述的相同的意义并优选其中所述的内容,对于式Ⅷ所描述的上述实例也是适用的。
通常可得到的一类酚盐是由如下通式的酚制备的那些酚盐:
(R′)a(R4)zPh(OH)b(ⅩⅢ)
其中a是1-3的整数,b是1或2,z是0或1,ph为苯基,式ⅩⅢ中的R′是具有平均约30至约400脂族碳原子的基本饱和的烃基取代基,且R4是选自由低级烷基、低级烷氧基、硝基和卤素组成的一类基。
本发明所使用的一类特殊的酚盐是碱式(即高碱性的等)的碱金属和碱土金属的硫化酚盐。用于制备这些硫化酚盐的方法叙述在美国专利2,680,096;3,036,971和3,775,321中。
另一种有用的酚盐是通过亚烷基(如亚甲基)桥接而相连的酚来制备的那些酚盐。这样连接的酚盐以及硫化酚盐详细地叙述在美国专利3,350,038,特别是其中的6-8栏中。
含磷酸的碱和碱土金属盐在本发明的燃料组合物中也是有用的。例如,通过无机磷试剂P2S5与石油馏分,如光亮油或由2至6个碳原子的烯烃得到的聚烯烃反应而制备的膦酸的正盐和碱式盐(膦酸盐)和/或硫化膦酸的正盐和碱式盐。聚烯烃的特殊的实例是具有分子量为700至100,000的聚丁烯。其他已与烯烃反应的含磷试剂包括三氯化磷或三氯化磷一氯化硫的混合物(如,美国专利3,001,981和2,195,517)、亚磷酸盐和亚磷酸盐的氯化物(如美国专利3,033,890和2,863,834)和具有卤化磷的空气或氧(如美国专利2,939,841)。
通过烯烃与硫化磷反应而制备的用于本发明的描述含磷酸和金属盐的其他专利包括下述的美国专利:2,316,078;2,316,079;2,316,080;2,316,081;2,316,082;2,316,085;2,316,088;2,375,315;2,406,575;2,496,508;2,766,206;2,838,484;2,893,959;和2,907,713。在上述专利中所述的作为油的添加剂的那些酸在本发明的燃料组合物中是有用的。通过本技术领域中熟知的反应,这些酸可转化成中性盐和碱式盐。
上文所述的有机含硫酸、羧酸、含磷酸和酚的二种或多种中性盐和碱式盐的混合物可以用于本发明的组合物中。通常该中性盐和碱式是镁盐或钙盐。
下述的具体说明的实施例描述了在本发明组合物中有用的典型的碱和碱土金属组分(D)的制备。
实施例D-Ⅰ
在637份矿物油中的1000份初选的支链的单烷基苯磺酸钠(酸的分子量是522)的混合物用145.7份50%的苛性苏打溶液中和并除去过量的水和苛性苏打,用该方法得到的含钠盐的产物含有2.5%钠和3.7%硫。
实施例D-Ⅱ
除了用化学当量数的Ca(OH)2代替苛性苏打外,重复实施例D-1的步骤。
实施例D-Ⅲ
除了用化学当量数的氧化镁代替苛性苏打外,重复实施例D-Ⅰ的步骤。
实施例D-Ⅳ
在78-85℃下,以每小时3立方英尺二氧化碳(851/小时)的速率,用二氧化碳向906份烷基苯磺酸(用气相渗透压测定法测得具有平均分子量为450)、564份矿物油、600份甲苯、98.7份氧化镁和120份水的混合物中吹入7小时。在整个充碳酸气过程中,不断搅拌反应混合物。充碳酸气后,反应混合物汽提至165℃/20乇(2.65KPa),并过滤残余物,其滤液是具有金属比约3的所需的高碱性磺酸镁的油溶液。
实施例D-Ⅴ
配制323份矿物油、4.8份水、0.74份氯化镁、79份石灰和128份甲醇的混合物,将其加热至约50℃。在搅拌的同时,向该混合物中加入1000份具有平均分子量(用气相渗透压测定法测定)为500的烷基苯磺酸。然后,在约50℃下,以约5.4磅/小时(40.8g/分)的速率,用二氧化碳吹该混合物约2.5小时。充碳酸气后,向其中加入另外的102份油,并在约150-155℃和压力为55mm(7.3KPa)下,将混合物汽提出挥发物。过滤残余物,且其滤液为具有钙含量为约3.7%和金属比约1.7的高碱性磺酸钙的所需油溶液。
实施例D-Ⅵ
通过1当量钙与1当量琥珀酸反应来制备中性的C12聚丙烯琥珀酸钙盐。
组合物的比例和数量
正如在本发明概述中所叙述的那样,本发明的组合物通常含有任一有效量的各种组分。一般,润滑粘度的油作为组合物的组分中的主要量(至少为重量的一半)存在,其余的组分以少量的形式存在。特别希望的是,组分(B)与组分(C)的重量比约5∶1至约1∶200,更好是约3∶1至1∶150。组分(C)与组分(D)的重量比一般为约200∶1至约1∶3,最好为约150∶1至约1∶1。使用的组分(B)与组分(D)的重量比通常为约10∶1至约1∶10,最好约7∶1至约1∶7。
本发明所有按配方制备的润滑剂组合物一般将含有200至1000份的润滑粘度的油;组分(B)为0.5至20份;组分(C)为5份至350份,最好为10份至300份;且组分(D)为0.5份至10份,最好为1至7份。以任何顺序将各组分混合可得到所需的组合物。最好是(B)和(C)相混合并将其加热。另一种方法是(B)、(C)和(D)相混合并加热。最好是,在混合组合物的过程中和之后,通过使用加热以便使之容易地除去游离的或不稳定的硫化氢。一般在25℃至100℃下,常用的是在35℃至90℃下将该组合物加热。
下述为本发明所提出的实施方案。
实施例Ⅰ
制备的组合物包括98份实施例C-Ⅰ的含活性硫的硫化烯烃和2份实施例B-Ⅱ的组分。同时将组合物混合,并在65℃下存放一周,之后测定产生的气体硫化氢。
一周结束时,测定在容器顶部空间含有160PPm硫化氢气体。只含硫化烯烃的对比样品在
顶部空间含有1400PPm的硫化氢。
该实施例证明了通过使用本发明的含氮羧酸化合物明显减少了硫化氢的产生。
实施例Ⅱ
用97份数量的实施例C-Ⅰ的硫化的含活性硫的组分与2份实施例B-Ⅱ的含氮羧酸化合物和1份实施例D-Ⅱ的磺酸钙的中性盐相混合。将上述制备的样品放入加盖的瓶中,并在65℃下加热一周的时间。一周后经观测没有产生硫化氢。而只含活性硫化合物的比较样品,在同样条件下,一周后产生了1400PPm硫化氢。该实施例另外的优点是磺酸钙物质的存在使之组合物更加透明。
实施例Ⅲ
除了用磺酸镁代替磺酸钙之外,按照实施例Ⅱ的方法制备组合物。在65℃下,该产物存放一周后,在顶部空间中没有发现硫化氢。
实施例Ⅳ
根据实施例Ⅱ制备产物,并在这种情况下,由实施例D-Ⅳ的水杨酸镁代替钙盐。水杨酸镁具有12个碳原子的烷基链。
在65℃下按照上述实施例存放的产物的样品表明仅有微量的硫化氢产生。
实施例Ⅴ
按照实施例Ⅱ制备的组合物含有在聚丙烯链中具有12个碳原子(按照实施例D-Ⅵ)的中性聚丙烯取代的琥珀酸钠。在65℃下,将上述产物的样品放在加盖的瓶中存放一周,一周结束时,在样品中没有发现硫化氢。
实施例Ⅵ
使用25份实施例Ⅴ中所述的组合物、500份矿物油和20份动物脂,按照实施例Ⅴ制备一种产物。将上述组合物作为切削液进行试验,并发现达到了它预期的目的。
可以任意存在于本发明使用的金属加工润滑剂中的其他添加剂包括:
抗氧化剂,一般为受阻酚。
表面活性剂,通常为非离子表面活性剂,如烷氧基化的酚等。
腐蚀、磨损和防锈抑制剂。
摩擦改性剂,对其举例说明如下:磷酸或亚磷酸的烷基或链烯基酯(其中的烷基或链烯基含有约10至约40个碳原子)及其金属盐,特别是锌盐;C10-20脂肪酸酰胺;C10-20烷基胺,特别是动物脂胺及其乙氧基化衍生物;这类胺与酸,例如上面提到的部分酯化的硼酸或磷酸的盐;C10-20烷基取代的咪唑啉和类似的含氮杂环。
任何待加工的金属可按照本发明的方法处理。实例是铁类金属、铝、铜、镁、钛、锌和锰。也可将其合金(具有和不具有其他元素,如硅)进行处理,适合的合金实例是黄铜和各种钢(如不锈钢)。
用于本发明方法的组合物,可以以任何适合的方式,在加工操作前或加工操作过程中应用于金属工件。可以将它们应用于金属的整个表面,或应用于需要接触的那个表面的任何部分。例如,可将润滑剂刷在或喷涂在金属上,或可将金属浸渍在润滑剂的槽中,在高速金属成型操作中,最好是喷涂或浸渍。
在本发明方法的典型实施方案中,在加工操作之前,将润滑剂涂在铁类金属工件上。例如,如果工件是要切削的,在它与切削工具接触之前,可以涂上润滑剂。(本发明特别是用于与切削有关的操作)。本发明范围内的也可是,当工件与切削工具接触时,可将润滑剂应用到工件上,或者是将润滑剂应用于切削工具本身,随后通过接触再将润剂转移到工件上。因此,就一般意义来说,本发明的方法包括任何金属加工操作,其中的工件具有无论用什么方法都可将上述的润滑剂应用到其表面上和所说的操作过程中。
Claims (17)
1、一种润滑剂组合物,包括:
(A)润滑粘度的油;
(B)具有至少一种约12至500个碳原子的烃基取代基的至少一种多元羧酸化合物与至少一种下述化合物:(ⅰ)N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺,或(ⅱ)所说胺的羟基取代的多(烃氧基)衍生物进行反应的反应产物;
(C)含活性硫有机化合物:和
(D)至少一种含碱金属或碱土金属化合物;
其中,(B)与(C)的比为5∶1-1∶700,(C)与(D)的比为700∶1-1∶3,(B)与(D)的比为40∶1-1∶20。
2、权利要求1的组合物,其中组分(D)是含碱土金属化合物。
3、权利要求1的组合物,其中多元羧酸化合物是烃基取代的琥珀酸、琥珀酐或其衍生物。
4、权利要求1的组合物,其中含活性硫化合物具有下式:
RSxR1(Ⅳ)
其中S代表硫,x是具有约1至10的整数值,且R和R1是相同或不同的有机基。
5、权利要求2的组合物,其中含碱土金属化合物是钙化合物。
6、权利要求1的组合物,其中(B)与(C)的重量比为约5∶1至1∶200。
7、权利要求1的组合物,其中(C)与(D)的重量比为约200∶1至1∶3。
8、权利要求3的组合物,其中反应产物(B)由下述物质得到:用下式表示的链烷醇胺
H2NR′OH;R″NHR′OH;或(R″)2NR′OH;
或用下式表示的链烷醇胺的烃基取代的氧化烯衍生物
H2N(R′O)xH;R″NH(R′O)xH;
或(R″)2N(R′O)xH
其中每个R″独自为具有1至约8个碳原子的烃基,或具有约2至约8个碳原子的羟基取代的烃基,且R′是具有约2至约18个碳原子的二价烃基,x是约2至约15的整数;或任何上述化合物的混合物。
9、权利要求2的组合物,其中含碱土金属化合物是镁化合物。
10、权利要求1的组合物,其中含活性硫化合物是硫化烯烃。
11、权利要求1的组合物,其中含碱金属或碱土金属化合物是高碱性的物质。
12、权利要求1的组合物,其中含碱金属或碱土金属化合物含有至少一种烃基取代的酚盐、水杨酸盐、磺酸盐、磷酸盐或琥珀酸盐的有机底物。
13、权利要求8的组合物,其中链烷醇胺是二乙基乙醇胺。
14、权利要求1的组合物,其中(B)与(D)的重量比为约10∶1至1∶10。
15、权利要求10的组合物,其中活性硫化合物是二异丁基硫。
16、权利要求1的组合物,其中组分(D)是基本中性的盐。
17、一种润滑剂组合物,包括:
(A)200份至1000份润滑粘度的油;
(B)0.5份至20份含氮羧酸化合物,该化合物是通过具有C12至C500烃基取代的琥珀酸或其酐与至少一种N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺反应来制备的,其中的胺是单或二烃基N取代的,且至少一个烃基取代基是乙基;
(C)5份至350份含活性硫化物;和
(D)0.5份至10份至少一种含碱金属或碱土金属化合物。
18、一种浓缩物,包括:
(B)0.5份至20份含氮羧酸化合物,该化合物是通过具有C12至C500烃基取代的琥珀酸或其酐与至少一种N-(羟基取代的烃基)胺反应来制备的,其中的胺是单或二烃基N-取代的,且至少一个烃基取代基是乙基;
(C)5份至350份含活性硫化合物;和
(D)0.5份至10份至少一种含碱金属或碱土金属化合物。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/239,586 | 1988-09-01 | ||
US07/239,586 US4873006A (en) | 1988-09-01 | 1988-09-01 | Compositions containing active sulfur |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1040818A CN1040818A (zh) | 1990-03-28 |
CN1024923C true CN1024923C (zh) | 1994-06-08 |
Family
ID=22902813
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN89107992A Expired - Fee Related CN1024923C (zh) | 1988-09-01 | 1989-09-01 | 一种润滑剂组合物 |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US4873006A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0407488B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2818680B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1024923C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR243592A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE112304T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU612101B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8907073A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1340486C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE68918589T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK106290A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2018392A6 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI96869C (zh) |
IL (1) | IL91502A (zh) |
MX (1) | MX164799B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1990002787A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA896728B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (10)
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US5707940A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-01-13 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Environmentally friendly water based drilling fluids |
US5851963A (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 1998-12-22 | O'bryant; Jeffrey Charles | Organic lubricant |
EP1072590B1 (de) * | 1999-07-29 | 2005-04-13 | Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH | Verfahren zur Verhinderung der Schwefelwasserstoff- und/oder Mercaptanemission aus geschwefelten organischen Verbindungen |
US6677281B2 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2004-01-13 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Synergistic combination of metallic and ashless rust inhibitors to yield improved rust protection and demulsibility in dispersant-containing lubricants |
US20070112386A1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2007-05-17 | Branam Stephen R | Pacifier for infants and toddlers |
CA2645943C (en) | 2007-12-18 | 2011-03-22 | Mud Engineering Inc. | Silicate drilling fluid composition containing lubricating agents and uses thereof |
US8686029B2 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2014-04-01 | Novus International, Inc. | Synergistic antioxidant compositions |
JP2017132875A (ja) * | 2016-01-27 | 2017-08-03 | 東燃ゼネラル石油株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
EP3891260B1 (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2024-09-11 | TotalEnergies OneTech | Hydrogen sulphide and mercaptans scavenging compositions |
WO2024158648A1 (en) | 2023-01-24 | 2024-08-02 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition with phenolic antioxidant and low active sulfur |
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US2392891A (en) * | 1943-09-30 | 1946-01-15 | Standard Oil Co | Stable sulphurized oils and the method of preparing same |
US2384146A (en) * | 1943-03-04 | 1945-09-04 | Standard Oil Co | Stabilization |
US2467713A (en) * | 1944-11-28 | 1949-04-19 | Sinclair Refining Co | Lubricating oil composition |
US2415296A (en) * | 1945-05-16 | 1947-02-04 | Bert H Lincoln | Lubricating oil |
US2764551A (en) * | 1954-05-17 | 1956-09-25 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Ashless detergent additive for lubricating oils |
US2980613A (en) * | 1956-10-11 | 1961-04-18 | Sun Oil Co | Sulfur-containing lubricant inhibited against staining |
US3238130A (en) * | 1958-09-23 | 1966-03-01 | Sinclair Research Inc | Anti-chatter lubricant for limited slip differential |
DE1248643B (de) * | 1959-03-30 | 1967-08-31 | The Lubrizol Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio (V. St. A.) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von öllöslichen aeylierten Aminen |
US3909426A (en) * | 1973-10-03 | 1975-09-30 | Mobil Oil Corp | Extreme pressure grease composition |
US4119549A (en) * | 1975-03-21 | 1978-10-10 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Sulfurized compositions |
US4119550A (en) * | 1975-03-21 | 1978-10-10 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Sulfurized compositions |
US4170560A (en) * | 1976-04-01 | 1979-10-09 | Chevron Research Company | Lubricating oil antioxidant additive composition |
US4072618A (en) * | 1976-08-27 | 1978-02-07 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Metal working lubricant |
US4326972A (en) * | 1978-06-14 | 1982-04-27 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Concentrates, lubricant compositions and methods for improving fuel economy of internal combustion engine |
US4185485A (en) * | 1978-06-30 | 1980-01-29 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Lubricant compositions for can forming |
AU531338B2 (en) * | 1978-06-30 | 1983-08-18 | Mobil Oil Corp. | Metal working lubricants |
FR2469449A1 (fr) * | 1979-11-07 | 1981-05-22 | Lubrizol Corp | Additifs de lubrification comprenant un alkylphenol sulfure et un agent dispersant de haut poids moleculaire |
US4455242A (en) * | 1983-01-10 | 1984-06-19 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Reducing the cloud point of hydrodewaxed base stocks |
US4615818A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-10-07 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Hydrogen sulfide stabilized oil-soluble sulfurized organic compositions |
US4690767A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1987-09-01 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Hydrogen sulfide stabilized oil-soluble sulfurized organic compositions |
US4654156A (en) * | 1985-09-12 | 1987-03-31 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Sulfurized olefins as antiwear additives and compositions thereof |
FR2592956B1 (fr) * | 1986-01-13 | 1989-06-02 | Antoine Antoine | Dispositif de controle de l'etat de surface de materiaux. |
US4711736A (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1987-12-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Sulfurized olefins as antiwear/extreme pressure additives for lubricants and fuels and compositions thereof |
JPS63245493A (ja) * | 1986-02-24 | 1988-10-12 | モ−ビル・オイル・コ−ポレ−ション | オレフイン、硫黄、硫化水素および窒素含有ポリマ−化合物の反応生成物から成る、潤滑剤および炭化水素燃料用添加剤 |
US4855074A (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1989-08-08 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Homogeneous additive concentrates and their formation |
-
1988
- 1988-09-01 US US07/239,586 patent/US4873006A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-08-29 JP JP1510089A patent/JP2818680B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-29 BR BR898907073A patent/BR8907073A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-08-29 DE DE68918589T patent/DE68918589T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-08-29 AT AT89910747T patent/ATE112304T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-08-29 AU AU43039/89A patent/AU612101B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-08-29 EP EP89910747A patent/EP0407488B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-29 WO PCT/US1989/003741 patent/WO1990002787A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-08-30 CA CA000609825A patent/CA1340486C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-08-31 AR AR89314801A patent/AR243592A1/es active
- 1989-09-01 ZA ZA896728A patent/ZA896728B/xx unknown
- 1989-09-01 MX MX17409A patent/MX164799B/es unknown
- 1989-09-01 ES ES8903011A patent/ES2018392A6/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-09-01 CN CN89107992A patent/CN1024923C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-09-03 IL IL91502A patent/IL91502A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-04-30 FI FI902176A patent/FI96869C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-30 DK DK106290A patent/DK106290A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1993
- 1993-07-06 US US08/087,561 patent/US5334318A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI96869B (fi) | 1996-05-31 |
ATE112304T1 (de) | 1994-10-15 |
EP0407488A1 (en) | 1991-01-16 |
DK106290A (da) | 1990-06-22 |
CN1040818A (zh) | 1990-03-28 |
EP0407488B1 (en) | 1994-09-28 |
US4873006A (en) | 1989-10-10 |
AR243592A1 (es) | 1993-08-31 |
FI96869C (fi) | 1996-09-10 |
DE68918589T2 (de) | 1995-01-26 |
DE68918589D1 (de) | 1994-11-03 |
JP2818680B2 (ja) | 1998-10-30 |
ZA896728B (en) | 1990-06-27 |
US5334318A (en) | 1994-08-02 |
MX164799B (es) | 1992-09-24 |
ES2018392A6 (es) | 1991-04-01 |
AU612101B2 (en) | 1991-06-27 |
DK106290D0 (da) | 1990-04-30 |
AU4303989A (en) | 1990-04-02 |
BR8907073A (pt) | 1990-10-02 |
WO1990002787A1 (en) | 1990-03-22 |
CA1340486C (en) | 1999-04-06 |
IL91502A (en) | 1993-07-08 |
JPH03501036A (ja) | 1991-03-07 |
FI902176A0 (fi) | 1990-04-30 |
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