CN102481737B - 地面覆盖结构以及用于生产所述结构的设备和方法 - Google Patents

地面覆盖结构以及用于生产所述结构的设备和方法 Download PDF

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CN102481737B
CN102481737B CN201080036697.8A CN201080036697A CN102481737B CN 102481737 B CN102481737 B CN 102481737B CN 201080036697 A CN201080036697 A CN 201080036697A CN 102481737 B CN102481737 B CN 102481737B
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F·费拉约洛
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    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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    • A61F13/51Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
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    • A61F13/51498Details not otherwise provided for
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D28/00Producing nets or the like, e.g. meshes, lattices
    • B29D28/005Reticulated structure comprising reinforcements of substantial or continuous length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • B32B5/024Woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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Abstract

一种用于地面覆盖结构(6)的生产设备,所述设备包括用于格栅加强构件(10)的设备入口区和设备出口区。该设备还包括:移动装置(4),该移动装置设计成在操作时将格栅加强构件(10)沿预定路径从入口区移动到出口区;供应装置(11),该供应装置用于将呈丝(7)形式的处于流态的塑料材料供应到布置在预定路径上的格栅加强构件(10);和冷却装置(2、3),该冷却装置用于冷却缠结在格栅加强结构上的呈丝(7)形式的塑料材料。入口区和出口区相对于供应装置沿预定路径彼此相对地布置。

Description

地面覆盖结构以及用于生产所述结构的设备和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及地面覆盖结构领域。
本发明尤其针对一种地面覆盖结构进行了开发,该地面覆盖结构包括通常土工复合(geocomposite)材料层或塑料材料层和具有高机械强度的加强构件(例如格栅类型的加强构件)。本发明还涉及特别设计用于生产这种地面覆盖结构的设备和生产方法。
背景技术
从意大利专利说明书No.01257665中已知通过一种生产方法来用熔融材料覆盖金属格栅,该生产方法主要包括将这种熔融材料的丝沉积到金属格栅上,随后通过冷却流体使这些丝凝固。在意大利专利说明书No.01257665中提出的发明的主要缺点之一在于:这些丝没有完全粘附到金属格栅上,因此在使用过程中可能与格栅脱离。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是通过提供一种例如在其使用过程中保持完整的地面覆盖结构来解决已知结构的缺点。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种生产简单且经济的地面覆盖结构,该地面覆盖结构可由操作者在安全条件下容易地安装,而且使用可靠。
为了实现上述目的,本发明涉及如所附权利要求书中所限定的地面覆盖结构以及相关生产设备和方法。
本发明的一个主要优点是其提供一种地面覆盖结构,该地面覆盖结构能够有效地以持久方式保持小尺寸或大尺寸的地面区域。本发明的另一个优点是提供一种设备,该设备在操作过程中能够使用具有高机械强度和高刚性系数的加强构件。
附图说明
根据参考附图给出的本发明实施例的下面详细描述,其它特征和优点将更加清楚,附图仅通过非限制性实例的方式提供,附图中:
图1是用于生产本发明的地面覆盖结构的设备的示意图;
图2是本发明的金属格栅的另一个实施例的局部平面图;
图3是本发明的金属格栅的另一个实施例的局部平面图;
图4是本发明的金属格栅的另一个实施例的局部平面图;
图5是图4实施例的另一个变型的局部平面图;
图6是本发明的地面覆盖结构的局部剖视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中,用于本发明的地面覆盖结构6的生产设备1包括入口区“I”和出口区“O”,加强构件10(优选格栅类型的,例如但不限于金属格栅)通过入口区被插入设备中,以形成根据本发明的加强结构,地面覆盖结构6通过出口区从设备中取出。
设备还包括移动装置,该移动装置用于使加强构件10沿预定移动方向从入口区“I”移动到出口区“O”。该移动装置优选包括驱动构件,该驱动构件优选但不限于辊子4。辊子4连接到马达和/或致动器装置(未示出),该马达和/或致动器装置设计成使得该辊子沿箭头8所示的方向绕轴线9转动,该轴线对应于辊子的对称轴线。根据本发明的另一个实施例,移动装置还包括分别布置在设备的入口区和/或出口区的供给卷轴(未示出)和/或卷绕卷轴(未示出),以便于格栅加强构件10的移动和/或成品覆盖结构6的收集。移动装置还可包括布置在辊子4的上游和/或下游的一个或多个惰辊13,加强构件和/或加强结构可沿预定的移动方向在辊子4上滑动。
生产设备1还包括用于供应处于流态的呈丝形式的塑料材料(优选合成聚合物,甚至更优选土工复合材料7)的供应装置。供应装置优选包括由容器形成的挤出单元11和布置在容器底部上的供应板,塑料材料在容器内变成其流态。供应板包括可选择地闭合的多个孔,或包括多个喷嘴或任何可将塑料材料7以其流态呈丝形式通过它们进行供应的其它供应装置。挤出单元11布置在驱动辊子4附近,更具体说是沿加强构件10的预定移动方向或预定路径布置在驱动辊子4的上游并且在入口区“I”的下游。在这种配置中,入口区“I”和出口区“O”沿预定方向或预定路径相对于挤出单元11彼此相对地布置。
设备还包括冷却装置,该冷却装置例如是容纳冷却流体3的罐2,冷却流体优选但不限于水。罐2沿与加强构件10在设备1内的移动方向或路径一致的优选方向是细长的。驱动辊子4被部分浸没在冷却流体3中,并且驱动辊子沿优选方向或路径的纵向位置可相对于塑料材料供应装置进行调整。
本领域的技术人员显然可提供不同的冷却装置,例如使用空气的装置或其它冷却装置,而不会因此背离本发明的范围。
如图1所示,格栅加强构件10包括在使用时面向驱动辊子4的第一表面10a和与第一表面相反的第二表面10b。
构成本发明系统的构件的空间布置尤其设计用于实现上述目的和优点。在该布置中,入口区“I”和出口区“O”沿预定方向或路径相对于供应单元11彼此相对地布置,更具体地,入口区“I”和出口区“O”相对于经过切线4′的竖直平面彼此相对地布置,该切线被规定为在冷却水3的自由液面下方的线,加强构件10的第一表面10a沿着该切线与辊子4的外表面接触。
如图2至图5所示,加强构件10优选但不限于包括金属格栅。这种金属格栅更优选为具有六边形网眼的双绞类型的,包括多根相邻的线12,每根线与至少一根相应的纵向线12交织。金属线12优选但不限于由钢制成。
金属格栅10还优选但不限于包括一根或多根金属线缆14、16,每根金属线缆与至少一根相邻的金属线12交织或互连。金属线缆14、16可沿两个优选方向布置,该优选方向是与线12的方向平行的方向和与线12的方向成直角的方向,并且可优选但不限于通过锚固装置18彼此连接或与线12连接。锚固装置18可布置在例如但不限于两根线缆14、16的每个相交点处或者仅在某些点处而且优选在每根线缆14、16的端部处。锚固装置18可以基本均匀的方式分布在金属格栅10中,或者可以集中在金属格栅10的预定区域,在这种情况下,金属格栅将包括具有不同表面强度的区域。线缆14、16在金属格栅中的分布还可以是大致均匀的或者不均匀的。已经观察到:根据强度,将线缆14、16以规则间隔的方式布置是尤其有利的,其中间距在20cm到1.5m的范围内,优选间距为25cm、40cm、50cm和100cm;然而,这些数值不应当被认为以任何方式限制本发明。
图2至图5通过举例的方式示出了根据本发明的加强构件的一些实施例和相关变型。在这些实施例中,线缆14、16的存在增加了金属格栅的刚性系数,从而很难(尽管并非不可能)沿线缆14、16延伸的纵向和横向方向弯曲金属格栅。
在图2中,金属格栅10包括多根彼此相邻的纵向线12,以便限定出金属格栅10的纵向方向。每根线12包括至少一个绞合部段20和至少一个非绞合部段21,并且优选在它们的相应绞合部段20的位置处与至少一根其它相应纵向线12交织。金属格栅10还包括与线12交织布置的一根或多根纵向金属线缆14。纵向线缆14可布置在两根线12之间或者邻近这些线中的一根线布置,例如布置在金属格栅10的一个边缘处。纵向金属线缆14包括部段24,一根或多根相邻线12的绞合部段20绕该部段24进行绞合。根据本发明的另一个有利特征,纵向线缆14还可包括与金属格栅的纵向线接合的绞合部段。
图3示出了本发明的另一个实施例,其中,类似于图2中示出的金属格栅的金属格栅10包括横向于纵向线缆14布置的一根或多根横向线缆16。横向线缆16在它们的整个长度上或者仅在部分长度上与纵向线12和/或纵向线缆14交织,并且布置在由线12的两个绞合部段20和/或由纵向线缆14的部段24形成的交织区域22之外。锚固装置18优选但不限于包括成形板30或夹具32或在横向线缆16中直接获得的或者如图5所示与该横向线缆相接合的孔眼42。
在相同金属格栅中可以随意使用相同类型或不同类型的锚固装置,而不会因此背离本发明的范围。
在图4示出的一个其它实施例中,金属格栅10包括通过上述锚固装置18与纵向线12或纵向线缆14接合的一根或多根横向线34。在这种配置中,布置在格栅10边缘上的锚固装置18包括绕纵向线12或纵向线缆14卷绕的横向线34的一个端部36。
根据本发明的方法,在操作时,格栅加强构件(例如上面描述的金属格栅10)被放置在设备1的入口区“I”。金属格栅10随后与移动装置接合,直至其被卷绕在辊子4的下部部分上。然后使辊子4转动,随着辊子转动,可选地在布置在辊子4下游的卷绕卷轴的协助下,驱动金属格栅10朝向出口区“O”。同时,供应装置(优选挤出单元11)开始供应容纳在供应装置中的处于流态的塑料材料7,以使得丝5沉积在金属格栅10上。有利的是,辊子4和挤出单元11的相互布置可使得第一部分丝5在金属格栅浸没在冷却流体3中之前接触金属格栅10的表面,并且与金属格栅的网眼保持接合,而且在表面10b附近以随意方式伸出到金属格栅的网眼下方。在带有塑料材料丝的金属格栅10的那部分与冷却流体3接触时,这些丝开始缠结并且在第一表面10a和第二表面10b上附接至格栅的网眼。
在这种配置中,第二部分丝5在辊子4的外表面和金属格栅的第一表面10a之间的位置处直接落入冷却流体中。该第二部分丝5在它们落入冷却流体3中时开始缠结并且随后与第一表面10a和已经存在于金属格栅10上的丝5接合。辊子的旋转然后驱动第一表面10a与辊子4的外表面接触,从而将第二部分丝5挤压在第一表面10a上。以这种方式,即使第二部分丝5在其与冷却流体3接触时趋于变硬,从而降低其与格栅10接合并且粘附到格栅10上的能力,格栅与辊子4之间的压力作用也可能克服该缺点并且改善粘附。优选地,辊子4的周向速度低于塑料材料丝5从挤出单元11排出的速度,以使得加强构件10可被丝5完全覆盖。
在从辊子4输出时,地面覆盖结构6(详细地在图6中部分示出)因此被生产出,并且包括由固态的缠结丝5形成的土工复合物层完全覆盖的金属格栅10。该覆盖结构包括分别面向金属格栅10的第一表面10a和第二表面10b的下部部分60和上部部分61。
根据本发明的其中一个实施例,在辊子4的挤压作用之后,所述丝在覆盖结构的下部部分60上的密集度显著大于该丝在上部部分61上的密集度。覆盖结构的两部分60、61的土工复合物层的厚度取决于丝5下落速度与辊子4的转动速度之间的关系。换句话说,格栅结构10相对于成品加强结构的整个厚度基本布置在中间位置,并且与成品加强结构缠结的塑料线在格栅结构两侧中的一侧比在另一侧更密集或更紧密。
塑料线在格栅加强结构上的缠结,不管在格栅加强构件的两侧上是基本上均匀的或者具有不同密度,使得可能有效地并以持久的方式保持小尺寸或大尺寸的地面区域。
自然,本发明的原理是一样的,构造的实施例和细节可相对所描述和示出的那些实施例和细节进行宽广的改变,而不会因此背离本发明的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于地面覆盖结构(6)的生产设备,所述生产设备包括:
-用于将格栅类型的加强构件(10)插入所述生产设备中的设备入口区和用于所述格栅类型的加强构件(10)从所述生产设备中取出的设备出口区;
-移动装置(4),所述移动装置设计成在操作时将所述格栅类型的加强构件(10)沿预定路径从所述设备入口区移动到所述设备出口区,
-供应装置(11),所述供应装置用于将处于流态的呈丝(7)形式的塑料材料供应到所述格栅类型的加强构件(10),
-冷却装置(2、3),所述冷却装置用于在操作时冷却呈丝(7)形式的塑料材料,并且因此在所述格栅类型的加强构件(10)上形成缠结的塑料结构,
其特征在于,所述设备入口区和所述设备出口区相对于所述供应装置(11)沿所述预定路径彼此相对地布置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生产设备,其特征在于,所述移动装置包括连接到致动器装置的辊子(4),所述致动器装置设计成在操作时使所述辊子绕轴线转动,以沿所述预定路径移动所述格栅类型的加强构件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生产设备,其特征在于,所述供应装置(11)布置在所述设备入口区的下游并且在用于沿预定路径移动所述格栅类型的加强构件的所述辊子(4)的上游。
4.根据权利要求3所述的生产设备,其特征在于,所述冷却装置包括沿所述预定路径延伸的罐(2),所述罐容纳冷却流体(3)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的生产设备,其特征在于,用于供应呈丝形式的塑料材料的所述供应装置(11)包括:用于容纳处于流态的塑料材料(7)的容器;布置在所述容器的底部上的供应板;和用于供应所述丝的多个供应喷嘴。
6.一种地面覆盖结构,所述地面覆盖结构包括带有缠结在格栅类型的加强构件(10)上的丝的塑料结构(7),所述格栅类型的加强构件相对所述地面覆盖结构的厚度布置在中间位置,其特征在于,在所述格栅类型的加强构件(10)一侧上的丝密集度显著大于在所述格栅类型的加强构件(10)的另一侧上的丝密集度,
其中,所述地面覆盖结构通过根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的生产设备进行生产。
7.根据权利要求6所述的地面覆盖结构,所述格栅类型的加强构件(10)包括多根相邻纵向线(12),每根纵向线与至少一根相应的相邻纵向线(12)交织,其特征在于,所述格栅类型的加强构件(10)还包括一根或多根纵向金属线缆(14),每根纵向金属线缆与至少一根相邻纵向线(12)交织或互连。
8.一种用于生产地面覆盖结构(6)的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-提供格栅类型的加强构件(10),
-将所述格栅类型的加强构件(10)浸入冷却流体(3)中并且使所述格栅类型的加强构件(10)沿预定路径在冷却流体(3)中移动,
-通过供应装置(11)将呈丝(5)形式的处于流态的塑料材料供应到浸没在所述冷却流体中的所述格栅类型的加强构件(10)的一部分;
-挤压沉积到浸没在所述冷却流体(3)中的所述格栅类型的加强构件的那部分上的呈丝(5)形式的塑料材料,以促使塑料材料以缠结方式粘附到所述格栅类型的加强构件(10)上,
-从所述冷却流体(3)中移出粘附有所述塑料材料的所述格栅类型的加强构件的那部分(60、61)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述格栅类型的加强构件包括具有多根相邻纵向线(12)的格栅,每根纵向线与至少一根相邻纵向线(12)交织,所述格栅类型的加强构件(10)还包括一根或多根纵向金属线缆(14),每根纵向金属线缆与至少一根相邻纵向线(12)交织或互连。
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