CN102459957B - 用于高混合动力串联/并联高速电机驱动系统的驱动配置 - Google Patents

用于高混合动力串联/并联高速电机驱动系统的驱动配置 Download PDF

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CN102459957B
CN102459957B CN201080035266.XA CN201080035266A CN102459957B CN 102459957 B CN102459957 B CN 102459957B CN 201080035266 A CN201080035266 A CN 201080035266A CN 102459957 B CN102459957 B CN 102459957B
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motor
vehicle
wheel
driven systems
speed changer
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CN102459957A (zh
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保罗·博什科维奇
J·阿克塞尔·拉德马赫尔
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Karma Automotive LLC
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Fisker Automotive Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4816—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox internal shaft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明揭示一种用于车辆的电机驱动系统配置。所述电机驱动系统包括可操作以用于给所述车辆提供动力的发动机、可操作以用于给所述车辆的第一车轮及第二车轮提供动力的电机。所述电机驱动系统还包括安装于所述发动机与所述电机之间且与所述电机及所述发动机操作地啮合的第一变速器。所述第一变速器包括用于将所述电机与所述发动机耦合及解耦的第一离合器。所述电机驱动系统还包括与所述变速器操作地啮合且耦合到所述第一车轮及所述第二车轮的差速器及用于停用所述电机与所述车轮之间的连接的离合器。

Description

用于高混合动力串联/并联高速电机驱动系统的驱动配置
相关申请案交叉参考
本申请案请求在2009年6月24日提出申请的第61/220,048号美国临时申请案的权益及优先权，所述申请案以引用方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明一般来说涉及一种用于车辆的电机驱动系统。更特定来说，本发明涉及一种用于混合动力串联及并联高速电机驱动系统的驱动配置。
背景技术
混合动力电动车辆(HEV)及全电动车辆(FEV)使用电机来将电能转换成动能。HEV将内部燃烧发动机与一个或一个以上电动机组合，而FEV仅使用电动机。电机通常为产生用以驱动车辆及所述车辆的电机驱动系统的动力的动力系(powertrain)的部分。存在包括串联混合动力配置及并联混合动力配置的若干种动力系配置。串联混合动力配置使用由内部燃烧发动机提供动力的电驱动。燃烧发动机驱动发电机，而非直接驱动车轮。串联混合动力配置的发动机可对给电池充电、给电容器充电、直接给电动机提供动力等有用。在并联混合动力配置中，电动机及内部燃烧发动机经安装使得其可一起或独立地给车辆提供动力。内部燃烧发动机、电动机及齿轮箱可通过自动控制的离合器耦合。当车辆正以电模式操作时，内部燃烧发动机之间的离合器断开，而到齿轮箱的离合器啮合。当车辆正以燃烧模式操作时，发动机及电机以相同速度或齿轮比相依比例速度运行。
常规串联混合动力配置及并联混合动力配置可在某些操作条件下遭受效率损失，因为发电机及电动机两者中经历损失。这些效率损失由电机绕组中的电阻、变换器中的切换等引发，且可在各种操作条件下发生，例如其中注意到影响最严重的公路巡航条件。另外，如果前车轴与后车轴不能机械地连结，那么四轮驱动串联需要三个电机器(一个在前车轴上，一个在后车轴上，且一个安装于发动机上充当发电机)。此外，作为对常规架构的修改的常规串联混合动力配置及并联混合动力配置包括以增加成本的速度操作的电机器。
因此，此项技术中需要一种用于电机驱动系统的效率更高且成本更高效且增强车辆性能的驱动配置。
发明内容
因此，本发明涉及一种用于车辆的电机驱动系统配置。所述电机驱动系统包括可操作以用于给所述车辆提供动力的发动机、可操作以用于给所述车辆的第一车轮及第二车轮提供动力的电机。所述电机驱动系统还包括安装于所述发动机与所述电机之间且与所述电机及所述发动机操作地啮合的第一变速器。所述第一变速器包括用于将所述电机与所述发动机耦合及解耦的第一离合器。所述电机驱动系统还包括与所述变速器操作地啮合且耦合到所述第一车轮及所述第二车轮的差速器。
本发明的一个优点在于所述驱动配置/布置促进操作及性能方面的较高效率。本发明的另一优点在于其减少所需要的电机器的数目(当与串联混合动力电动全轮驱动(eAWD)相比时)。本发明的又一优点在于其允许从发动机到车轮的机械动力传送以改善效率。本发明的再一优点在于所述驱动配置实现具有低复杂性及降低的成本的紧凑封装。
将容易地了解本发明的其它特征及优点，因为在结合附图阅读随后的说明之后可更好地对其加以理解。
附图说明
图1是根据示范性实施例的车辆的透视图。
图2是根据示范性实施例的用于图1的车辆的电机驱动系统配置的示意图。
图3是根据另一实施例的电机驱动系统配置的示意图。
图4是详述根据示范性实施例的用于图1的车辆的各种操作模式及电机驱动系统组件的对应操作的图表。
图5是根据示范性实施例的具有电机驱动系统的车辆及动力系架构的俯视图。
具体实施方式
大体参照各图且特定参照图1，图解说明车辆10。在此实例中，车辆10为汽油及电动力的插电式混合动力电动车辆(HEV)。车辆10可为具有电池的客车、卡车或其它类型的车辆。在另一实例中，车辆10为专用电池动力的车辆。在又一实例中，车辆10为全电动车辆(FEV)。发动机可对另一燃料进行操作，例如柴油、甲烷、丙烷、氢等。
现在参照图2，其展示用于车辆(例如，HEV等)的电机驱动系统配置12及布置。所述电机驱动系统包括以操作啮合耦合在一起的各种组件，例如发动机14、电机16、第一变速器(齿轮箱)18a、第二变速器18b、差速器22、第一离合器24a、第二离合器24b、第一车轮26及第二车轮28。电机驱动系统12还包括一个或一个以上车轴、轴等，其操作地互连电机驱动系统12的各种组件。所述电机驱动系统还可包括传统上已知或者与动力系或电机驱动系统相关联的其它组件。涵盖各种类型的发动机，例如四缸汽油动力的发动机等。对发动机的选择取决于各种因素，例如车辆大小、重量、电池容量等。电机16可为电机器，例如高速电动机。电动机的实例包括12v高速电动机、DC串绕电动机、永磁式DC电动机、相位AC感应电机等。第一变速器18a及第二变速器18b可为单速变速器、双速变速器、多速变速器、使用行星齿轮减速器的单速变速器等中的一者。本发明的电机驱动系统12使用对当前标准零件的修改以最小化设计要求及/或使用具有最小化封装体积的配置的独特布置。独立于电机速度选择电机的较大自由允许给定类型的车辆的更好电机匹配，此改善车辆效率。
电机驱动系统12相对于车辆10的宽度配置成横向布置。电机16经由延伸穿过第一变速器18且进入到发动机14中的电机轴连接到发动机14。发动机14连接到第一变速器18a且经由第一离合器24a与第一变速器18a耦合及解耦。应注意，第一离合器24a可以替代方式定位，例如，定位于第一变速器18a的任一侧上、定位于第一变速器18a内部或内，等等。
电机16操作地连接到第一变速器18a及第二变速器18b。第二变速器18b(例如)通过第二离合器24b操作地连接到差速器22。差速器22通过轴等操作地连接到第一车轮26及第二车轮28。应注意，第二离合器24b也可以替代方式定位，例如，定位于第二变速器18b的任一侧上、定位于第二变速器18b内部或内，等等。
变速器18a、18b可通过断开或闭合离合器24a、24b或通过将车辆10移位到空档而与发动机、电机、差速器等解耦。第一变速器18a及第二变速器18b位于发动机14与电机16之间且使得电机16能够相对于发动机14的速度以任何速度转动且从而增加车辆10的效率及性能。此外，将变速器18a、18b定位于发动机14与电机16之间使得能够以不受发动机速度限制妨碍的速度范围操作电机16，从而允许较低成本的电机16。电机16(经由电机轴)通过轴及齿轮操作地连接到差速器22。差速器22经由输出轴耦合到前轮26、28。此在驱动与后车轴上的另一电机耦合的情况下允许各种车辆操作模式。如果将单独的驱动电机添加到车轮，那么车辆操作模式包括EV 4WD模式、HEV 4WD模式及串联2WD模式。
本发明的电机驱动系统配置12包括发动机14与车轮26、28之间的机械连杆，从而最小化或消除发电机及/或电机16中的效率损失。此外，一个电机器用作发电机且安装于发动机14上。此使得能够减少所需要或使用的电机器的数目且使得电机器能够以允许最低成本的速度操作。举例来说，与较高速电机相比，大、慢的电机需要较大发电机(其需要更多磁性材料)来实现给定量的动力。本发明的电机驱动系统配置12还使得能够使用高速电机且从而降低驱动轴系成本。
在EV 4WD模式中，发动机14与电机16之间的离合器24a断开。电机16使用电池电力驱动前轮26、28且后轮由另一电机驱动。
在HEV 4WD模式中，电机16在起步时提供动力且速度较低。在较高速度下，发动机14也提供动力。在巡航速度下，发动机14将大多数或所有动力直接提供给前轮26、28，从而避免经由两个电机器的损失。如果前轮26、28开始滑行或如果需要将动力提供给所有车轮，那么后电机将给后轮提供动力。
在串联2WD模式中，电机16与发动机14之间的离合器24c闭合。电机16与车轮26、28之间的离合器24a、24b断开。发动机14给电机16提供动力。电机16(由发动机提供动力)将电动力提供给后驱动。
现在参照图3，其展示替代电机驱动系统配置212的示意图。在此实施例中，电机驱动系统212相对于车辆10的长度配置成纵向布置。发动机214通过差速器222连接到第一车轮226且连接到第二车轮228。发动机214还经由第一离合器224a连接到第一变速器218a(或者，第一变速器218a可为单速行星齿轮减速器等)。应注意，第一离合器224a可以替代方式定位，例如，定位于第一变速器218a的任一侧上、定位于第一变速器218a内部或内，等等。第一变速器218a操作地连接到电机216。电机216经由第二离合器224b操作地连接到第二变速器218b。第二变速器218b经由齿轮230(例如，小齿轮、行星齿轮组等)操作地连接到差速器222。应注意，第二离合器224b可以替代方式定位，例如，定位于第二变速器218b的任一侧上、定位于第二变速器218b内部或内，等等。
现在参照图4，其展示详述图2及图3的电机驱动系统的操作模式的各种实例的图表，但也涵盖其它实例。当车辆正以特定模式操作时，驱动系统的组件(例如，发动机、第一离合器、第一变速器或齿轮箱、电机、第二变速器或齿轮箱及第二离合器)发挥功能。
在250处所展示的操作模式1中，电机正在启动发动机。在此模式中，发动机正在起动，第一离合器闭合，第一变速器处于啮合状态，电机提供动力，第二变速器未在使用，且第二离合器断开。
在255处所展示的操作模式2中，发动机及/或电机正在驱动车辆的车轮。在此模式中，发动机正在提供动力，第一离合器闭合，第一变速器处于啮合状态，电机提供动力，第二变速器处于啮合状态，且第二离合器闭合。
在260处所展示的操作模式3中，发动机正在驱动电机(充当发电机)且车辆车轮解耦。在此模式中，发动机正在给车辆提供动力，第一离合器闭合，第一变速器处于啮合状态，电机正在发电，第二变速器未在使用，且第二离合器断开。为驱动车辆10，第二电机必须存在，例如，在车辆10的后部等。
在265处所展示的操作模式4中，电机正在驱动车辆车轮(EV操作)。在此模式中，发动机未在使用，第一离合器断开，第一变速器未在使用，电机提供动力，第二变速器处于啮合状态，且第二离合器闭合。
在270处所展示的操作模式5中，电机正在从车辆车轮提取动力且车辆正在经历再生制动。在此模式中，发动机未在使用(而是可能处于空闲或关断)，第一离合器断开，第一变速器未在使用，电机正在发电，第二变速器处于啮合状态，且第二离合器闭合。
现在参照图5，其展示具有动力系架构311的车辆310，动力系架构311具有电机驱动系统12。车辆310包括控制车辆310的操作的动力系311。动力系311可包括各种组件，例如发动机、变速器或齿轮箱、驱动轴、差速器、电动机、车轮等，如前文所描述。车辆310还可包括当在某些操作条件下需要时补充一个或一个以上电动机的汽油动力的发动机。电能存储于能量存储装置中，例如电池313。电池313可为单个单元或以预定方式(例如，串联)布置的多个模块。可使用各种类型的电池，例如铅酸或锂离子等。所述电池可容纳于电池盒内且耦合到车辆的车架。车辆310还包括电机驱动系统312。
电机驱动系统312位于车辆的前部且可具有各种配置，例如，图2到图3的电机驱动系统配置。动力系311还可包括在车辆310的后部的电机驱动系统314。在此实施例中，车辆310包括串联混合动力高速电机驱动系统312配置，如图2中所展示。电机驱动系统312包括电机驱动的发电机。电机经由单速或多速变速器驱动后车辆车轮。后轮可为或具有具有或不具有减速器的电机。本发明的电机驱动系统配置中的任一者或其组合可用于任何类型的车辆(例如，HEV等)中且与任何类型的动力系架构(例如，串联后轮驱动(串联RWD)、串联全轮驱动(串联AWD)、全轮驱动并联(AWD并联)等)一起使用。
可通过额外齿轮、比、速度来修改所展示及论述的前述设计且/或将其与其它解决方案、组件等合并在一起。其也可以任何配置安装且使用任何已知技术耦合在一起。
根据以上教示，可对本发明作出许多修改及改变。因此，在所附权利要求书的范围内，可以不同于所具体描述的方式实践本发明。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于混合动力车辆的电机驱动系统配置，所述电机驱动系统包含：
发动机，其可操作以用于给所述车辆提供动力；
第一电机，其可操作以用于给所述车辆的第一车轮及第二车轮提供动力；
第二电机，其可操作以用于给第三车轮及第四车轮提供动力；
第一变速器，其安装于所述发动机与所述第一电机之间且与所述第一电机及所述发动机操作地啮合；
第一离合器，其用于将所述第一电机与所述发动机耦合及解耦；
差速器，其与第二变速器操作地啮合且耦合到所述第一车轮及所述第二车轮；
第二变速器，其与所述第一电机和所述第一变速器之间连接的传动轴操作地啮合以及还与所述差速器操作地啮合；及
第二离合器，其用于将所述第一电机和所述第一变速器之间连接的传动轴与所述差速器耦合及解耦；
其中所述驱动系统经配置以在操作模式中操作，其中闭合所述第一离合器以使所述发动机能够给所述第一电机提供动力，和断开所述第二离合器以使所述第一电机与所述差速器解耦且所述第一电机不能给所述第一车轮和所述第二车轮提供动力；其中在所述操作模式下通过所述第二电机提供动力以驱动所述车辆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电机驱动系统配置，其中所述第一电机为高速电动机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电机驱动系统配置，其中所述第一变速器为多速变速器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电机驱动系统配置，其中所述电机驱动系统相对于所述车辆的长度尺寸配置成横向布置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电机驱动系统配置，其中所述电机驱动系统相对于所述车辆的长度尺寸配置成纵向布置。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电机驱动系统配置，其进一步包含在所述第二变速器与所述差速器之间操作地啮合的齿轮。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电机驱动系统配置，其中所述齿轮为小齿轮。
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US8545353B2 (en) 2013-10-01

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