CN102438963B - 层叠体形成用乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜 - Google Patents
层叠体形成用乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102438963B CN102438963B CN201080022205.XA CN201080022205A CN102438963B CN 102438963 B CN102438963 B CN 102438963B CN 201080022205 A CN201080022205 A CN 201080022205A CN 102438963 B CN102438963 B CN 102438963B
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- embossing
- face
- duplexer
- ethene
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10559—Shape of the cross-section
- B32B17/10577—Surface roughness
- B32B17/10587—Surface roughness created by embossing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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Abstract
本发明提供用于层叠体的形成的乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜,该薄膜形成了有效防止薄膜保管时的粘连等的压花,且具有层叠工序中定位所必需的良好粘性。一种层叠体形成用薄膜(40),其特征在于,该薄膜由含有乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物的组合物形成,仅仅在所述薄膜的一个面(41)上具有压花,所述具有压花的面的相反面(42)上形成有微细凹凸(43),该凹凸的平均间隔Sm为600~1600μm,且表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为1.2~2.2μm。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及夹层玻璃用中间膜、太阳能电池用密封膜等用于形成层叠体的乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜,尤其涉及被赋予了有效用于防止薄膜保管时的粘连等的压花且具有层叠工序中定位所必需的良好粘性(用轻的力量短时间内粘合于被粘附体的力量)的薄膜。
背景技术
迄今,由含有乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(以下简称为EVA)等乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物的组合物形成的薄膜(以下简称为乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜)以夹层玻璃用中间膜、太阳能电池用密封膜之类的形式用于层叠体的形成。乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜作为夹层玻璃用中间膜时,被夹持在玻璃板之间,发挥耐贯穿性或防止破损的玻璃飞散等功能,作为太阳能电池用密封膜时,配置在太阳能电池用单元的表面和背面上,发挥确保绝缘性、确保机械耐久性等功能。
在制造夹层玻璃时,例如,将如图3所示中间膜5配设在2块玻璃板7A和7B之间而获得的层叠体在减压下预压接,将各层中残留的空气脱气之后,通过加热加压,进行主压接,使层叠体粘接一体化。
另外,在制造太阳能电池时,通常,将如图4所示依次形成有由玻璃板等构成的表面侧透明保护部件11、表面侧密封膜13A、硅发电元件等太阳能电池用单元14、背面侧密封膜13B和背面侧保护部件(后盖)12的层叠体在减压下预压接,将各层中残留的空气脱气之后,进行加热加压,使表面侧密封膜13A和背面侧密封膜13B交联固化,粘接一体化。
要求这种乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜在保管时不发生薄膜彼此附着、形成块状的现象(称之为粘连),制造夹层玻璃、太阳能电池等层叠体时的层叠工序的操作性良好,以及预压接工序的脱气性良好等。脱气不充分时,有可能发生所得夹层玻璃的透明性降低或太阳能电池的发电效率劣化,或耐久性变得不充分、长期使用时产生气泡。
作为满足这些要求的乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜,开发了在薄膜的单面或两面上形成了微细凹凸形状图案(称之为压花)的夹层玻璃用中间膜、太阳能电池用密封膜(专利文献1、2)。另外,例如,作为制造在两面上赋予了压花的薄膜的方法,开发了规定一对压花辊(是指用于赋予上述薄膜压花的辊)的一个面与另一个面的辊的表面粗糙度、辊温度和压制压力的关系的制造方法(专利文献3)等。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2001-130931号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2000-185027号公报
专利文献3:日本特开平7-178812号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
然而,这些被赋予了压花的乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜就防止保管时的粘连、改进制造时的层叠体的脱气性而言是有效的,但就层叠工序的操作性而言未必称得上是良好的。即,为了使层叠工序的操作性良好,需要能够将上述薄膜精确定位地层叠在玻璃板等上的程度的粘性(用轻的力量短时间内粘合于被粘附体上的力量),但由于压花而粘性降低,因此层叠时容易滑动,难以精确定位。
作为其对策,考虑了使用仅单面赋予压花的薄膜,在赋予了压花的面的相反面(以下简称为非压花面)进行层叠工序的定位,但根据本发明人等的研究发现,即使制造仅单面赋予压花的薄膜,也不能获得具有良好粘性的非压花面。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种用于层叠体的形成的乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜,该薄膜被赋予了有效用于防止薄膜保管时的粘连等的压花且具有层叠工序中定位所必需的良好粘性。
用于解决问题的方案
上述目的通过一种层叠体形成用薄膜来达成,其特征在于,该薄膜由含有乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物的组合物形成,仅仅在所述薄膜的一个面上具有压花,所述具有压花的面的相反面上形成有微细凹凸,该凹凸的平均间隔Sm为600~1600μm,且表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为1.2~2.2μm。
一般,仅在树脂薄膜的单面上赋予压花时,采用在转印压花的压花辊和与该压花辊对向配置的加压辊之间进行压延的方法。通常,加压辊使用具有用于将压花辊的凹凸形状图案充分转印到树脂薄膜上的规定弹性的橡胶制辊。迄今为止,包括如专利文献3那样在两面上赋予压花时的方法在内,对调节被赋予了压花的面(以下简称为压花面)的表面状态的方法进行了各种研究。然而,对于仅在单面上赋予压花时结果上产生的非压花面的表面状态基本没有研究过。
通常,根据其材料性质,橡胶制加压辊的辊表面不具有如金属表面那样的平滑性,存在微细凹凸,因此,该微细凹凸有时被转印到非压花面的表面上。本发明人等发现,仅在一个面上具有压花的层叠体形成用薄膜中,通过将非压花面上形成的微细凹凸的平均间隔Sm及其表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra设定在上述范围内,可获得具备具有良好粘性的非压花面的层叠体形成用薄膜。
本发明的层叠体形成用薄膜的优选实施方式如下所述。
(1)所述具有压花的面的相反面的微细凹凸的平均间隔Sm为600~1200μm。
(2)所述具有压花的面的相反面的表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为1.7~2.2μm。
(3)根据技术方案1~3的任一项所述的层叠体形成用薄膜,其中,所述乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物是乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。
(4)根据技术方案4所述的层叠体形成用薄膜,其中,所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的醋酸乙烯酯重复单元的含量相对于100质量份所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物为20~35质量份。
(5)根据技术方案1~5的任一项所述的层叠体形成用薄膜,其为夹层玻璃用中间膜或太阳能电池用密封膜。本发明的层叠体形成用薄膜的非压花面具有良好的粘性,因此,作为层叠时需要精确定位的夹层玻璃用中间膜、太阳能电池用密封膜特别有效。
发明的效果
本发明的层叠体形成用乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜是被赋予了有效防止保管时的粘连及改进层叠体制造时的脱气性的压花、且具有层叠工序中定位所必需的良好粘性的层叠体形成用薄膜,因此可以提供密合性优异且制造时的操作性优异的夹层玻璃用中间膜、太阳能电池用密封膜等。
附图说明
图1所示为本发明的层叠体形成用乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜的一个代表性例子的简要截面图。
图2所示为用于获得本发明的层叠体形成用乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜的制造方法的一个代表性例子,(A)为显示全体的简要截面图,(B)为辊与薄膜的接触部分(图2(A)的虚线部分)的放大简要截面图。
图3是用于说明普通夹层玻璃的简要截面图。
图4是用于说明普通太阳能电池的简要截面图。
附图标记说明
5夹层玻璃用中间膜
7A、7B玻璃板
11表面侧透明保护部件
12背面侧保护部件
13A表面侧密封膜
13B背面侧密封膜
14太阳能电池单元(solarcellunit)
21压花辊
22橡胶制加压辊
23a第一导向辊
23b第二导向辊
23c第三导向辊
24凹凸形状图案
25辊表面
30成型体
31压花面
32非压花面
40层叠体形成用薄膜
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图来说明本发明的层叠体形成用乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜。图1所示为本发明的层叠体形成用乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜的一个代表性例子的简要截面图。
本发明的层叠体形成用薄膜40如图1所示,仅在一个面(压花面41)上具有压花,其相反面(非压花面42)的表面上形成有微细凹凸43。在此处,微细凹凸43的平均间隔Sm为600~1600μm,且非压花面41的表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为1.2~2.2μm。由此,形成具有良好粘性的非压花面42。层叠体形成用薄膜40的平均厚度根据用途而不同,一般为50μm~2mm,尤其优选为100μm~1.5mm。
图2(A)所示为用于获得本发明的层叠体形成用薄膜的制造方法的一个代表性例子的简要截面图,图2(B)为辊与薄膜的接触部分的放大简要截面图。为了获得本发明的层叠体形成用薄膜,如图2(A)所示,首先,将由含有乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物的组合物形成的薄膜30插入到具有微细凹凸形状图案的不锈钢等金属制压花辊21和与其对向配置的硅橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶等橡胶制加压辊22之间。接着,将薄膜30按箭头方向运送的同时,在压花辊21与橡胶制加压辊22之间加热加压,进行压延。此时,压花辊21的微细凹凸形状图案被转印到薄膜30上。压花辊21的温度根据薄膜30的组合物的配方而不同,例如,优选为20~40℃,特别优选为20~30℃。
接着,薄膜30经由第一导向辊23a,通过第二导向辊23b和第三导向辊23c,在被施加规定张力的状态下被运送的同时冷却,获得层叠体形成用薄膜40。通常,所得层叠体形成用薄膜40被卷取成卷筒状(未图示),保管到使用时。
薄膜30例如通过将含有乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物和交联剂等的组合物投入到混合辊等中,进行熔融混炼之后成型为薄膜状来获得。作为成型方法,可使用以往公知的成型方法。例如,可以使用压延成型法、挤出成型法、注射成型法、或加热压制法等。压延成型法由于能够高速生产具有均一厚度的薄膜,因此是特别有用的。压延成型法是通过熔融混炼等将组合物混合之后,投入到加热辊中,压延,从而成型为薄膜状的方法。组合物的混合温度根据配方而不同,例如优选通过在40~90℃、尤其60~80℃的温度下加热混炼来进行。另外,关于加热辊的温度,在含有交联剂的情况下,优选为交联剂不反应或基本上不反应的温度。例如优选为40~90℃,特别优选为50~80℃。薄膜30的成型可以用连续进行薄膜成型和压花赋予工序之类的装置进行,也可以用预先仅仅将薄膜30成型的装置来进行。
现在更详细地说明利用压花辊21的压延工序部分,如图2(B)所示,在薄膜30的压花面31压上压花辊21的凹凸形状图案24,通过橡胶制加压辊22的弹性,凹凸形状图案24被充分转印到压花面31上。此时,薄膜30的非压花面32被压到橡胶制加压辊22的辊表面25。由于橡胶制加压辊22的原料是橡胶制的,因此,通常,辊表面25没有如金属表面那样的平滑性,存在微细凹凸。因此,薄膜30的非压花面32部分转印橡胶制加压辊22的辊表面25的微细凹凸,由于该被转印的微细凹凸,非压花面32有时不能获得良好的粘性。
在本发明中,层叠体形成用薄膜40的非压花面通过橡胶制加压辊22的辊表面25形成有微细凹凸。层叠体形成用薄膜40的非压花面的表面状态受压花辊21的压制压力、橡胶制加压辊22的辊表面25的状态以及运送时施加在薄膜30上的张力等的影响。在本发明中,控制这些条件,使得非压花面的微细凹凸的平均间隔Sm为600~1600μm,且表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为1.2~2.2μm。由此,非压花面可以具有良好的粘性。考虑由这些条件决定的压花面的压花转印性、薄膜的收缩松弛性等时,非压花面的微细凹凸的平均间隔Sm优选为600~1200μm。另外,非压花面的表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra优选为1.7~2.2μm。
对于橡胶制加压辊22的辊表面25而言,通常,表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为0.1~15μm,优选为0.5~2.5μm,更优选为0.5~1.5μm,特别是1.0~1.5μm。另外,压花辊21的压制压力一般为0.1~3.0MPa,优选为0.1~1.0MPa,更优选为0.1~0.5MPa,特别是0.1~0.3MPa。
另外,层叠体形成用薄膜40的压花面的压花的凹凸形状图案、表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra只要以可防止保管时的粘连、提高制造时的脱气性的程度形成即可,没有特别限制。例如,可以将凹凸形状图案的凸部形成为圆形状、半圆形状、多角形状,按规定间隔设置,或者将凸部设置为条纹状、网状。尤其,由于制造容易,优选将凸部设置为条纹状的凹凸形状图案。另外,压花面的表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra通常为3~50μm,优选为5~10μm。
另外,在本发明中,表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra是按照JIS-B0601(1994)的方法测定的值。即,是在粗糙度曲线的平均线的方向上从粗糙度曲线抽取规定的长度,算出该抽取部分的从平均线到测定曲线的偏差的绝对值总和、再平均而获得的值。
另外,凹凸的平均间隔Sm是按照JIS-B0601(1994)的方法测定的值。即,是在粗糙度曲线的平均线的方向上从粗糙度曲线抽取规定的长度,求出该抽取部分的对应于一个峰和与该峰相邻的一个谷的平均线的长度之和、再平均而获得的值。
进而,在本发明中,“良好粘性”优选的是,使非压花面与玻璃板接触,施加90秒钟500g的载荷之后,以300mm/分钟的速度剥离时的密合力(用粘性仪(MODEL:DPX-SOT(IMADACo.,Ltd.制造)测定)为0.4N以上。
[乙烯-不饱和酯共聚合剂]
在本发明中,对乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物没有特别限制,可以根据用途来使用。例如,作为乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物的不饱和酯单体,可列举出:醋酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯之类的乙烯酯等,丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、马来酸二甲酯、马来酸二乙酯等不饱和羧酸酯。
作为乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物,具体而言,可列举出:乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)等乙烯-乙烯酯共聚物,乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(EEA)、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物等乙烯-不饱和羧酸酯共聚物。在这些当中,从能够制造密合性、透明性优异的层叠体形成用薄膜的观点出发,乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物是优选的。
对乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的醋酸乙烯酯重复单元含量没有特别限制,可以根据用途来选择。相对于100质量份乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,优选为20~35质量份,进一步优选为20~30质量份,特别优选为24~28质量份。EVA的醋酸乙烯酯单元的含量越低,往往EVA组合物越硬。另一方面,醋酸乙烯酯的含量低于20质量份时,EVA组合物的透明性有时降低。另外,超过35质量份时,由EVA组合物形成树脂层时,硬度有时变得不充分。
在本发明中,构成薄膜的组合物可以在乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物中根据需要添加交联剂、交联助剂、粘接改进剂、增塑剂等来制备。
[交联剂]
作为交联剂,可以优选使用在100℃以上的温度下分解、产生自由基的有机过氧化物。有机过氧化物一般考虑成膜温度、组合物的制备条件、固化温度、被粘附体的耐热性、贮藏稳定性来选择。尤其优选半衰期10小时的分解温度为70℃以上的物质。作为上述有机过氧化物,从树脂的加工温度和贮藏稳定性的观点考虑,例如可列举出:1,4-双(叔丁基过氧化羰氧基)己烷、1,5-双(叔丁基过氧化羰氧基)己烷、1,6-双(叔丁基过氧化羰氧基)己烷、2,2-二甲基-1,3-双(叔丁基过氧化羰氧基)丙烷等二官能的具有过氧化单碳酸酯结构的化合物;过氧化苯甲酰、2,5-二甲基己基-2,5-双(过氧化苯甲酸酯)等过氧化苯甲酰系固化剂;过氧化-2-乙基己基单碳酸叔丁酯、1,1-双(叔己基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、过氧化新戊酸叔己酯、过氧化新戊酸叔丁酯、过氧化3,5,5-三甲基己酰、过氧化二正辛酰、过氧化月桂酰、过氧化硬脂酰、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基过氧化-2-乙基己酸酯、过氧化丁二酸、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(2-乙基己酰过氧化)己烷、1-环己基-1-甲基乙基过氧化-2-乙基己酸酯、过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔己酯、过氧化4-甲基苯甲酰、过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、间甲苯甲酰过氧化苯甲酸、过氧化苯甲酰、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧化)-2-甲基环己烷、1,1-双(叔己基过氧化)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、1,1-双(叔己基过氧化)环己烷、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧化)环己烷、2,2-双(4,4-二叔丁基过氧化环己基)丙烷、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧化)环十二烷、过氧化异丙基单碳酸叔己酯、过氧化马来酸叔丁酯、过氧化-3,3,5-三甲基己酸叔丁酯、过氧化月桂酸叔丁酯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(甲基苯甲酰过氧化)己烷、过氧化异丙基单碳酸叔丁酯、过氧化苯甲酸叔己酯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(苯甲酰过氧化)己烷等。这些交联剂可以使用一种,也可以将两种以上组合使用。交联剂的用量相对于100质量份乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物优选为0.05~5质量份,更优选为0.1~3质量份,尤其为0.5~2.5质量份。
[其他]
交联助剂可以提高乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物的凝胶率、提高层叠体形成用薄膜的粘接性和耐久性。作为交联助剂(具有自由基聚合性基团作为官能团的化合物),除了可列举出氰脲酸三烯丙酯、异氰脲酸三烯丙酯等3官能的交联助剂以外,还可列举出(甲基)丙烯酸酯(例如NK酯等)的单官能或二官能的交联助剂等。其中,优选氰脲酸三烯丙酯和异氰脲酸三烯丙酯,尤其优选异氰脲酸三烯丙酯。这些交联助剂相对于100质量份乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物一般以10质量份以下、优选0.1~5质量份的量使用。
作为粘接改进剂,可以使用硅烷偶联剂。作为硅烷偶联剂的例子,可列举出:γ-氯丙基甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷、γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、β-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三氯硅烷、γ-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-β-(氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。这些硅烷偶联剂可以单独使用,或者可以将两种以上组合使用。另外,上述粘接改进剂的含量相对于100质量份乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物优选为5质量份以下。
作为增塑剂,可以使用亚磷酸三异癸酯、亚磷酸三壬基苯基酯等亚磷酸酯、磷酸酯等含磷化合物,己二酸醚酯、偏苯三酸正辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、己二酸二己酯、癸二酸二丁酯等多元酸的酯,二异丁酸2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇酯、三甘醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、四甘醇二庚酸酯、三甘醇二壬酸酯等多元醇的酯,环氧化脂肪酸烷基酯等。
另外,本发明的组合物根据层叠体形成用薄膜的用途可以使用上述材料以外的添加剂。例如,作为夹层玻璃用中间膜、太阳能电池用密封膜使用时,为了改良或调整各种物性(机械强度、粘接性、透明性等光学特性、耐热性、耐光性、交联速度等),根据需要,可以添加含丙烯酰氧基化合物、含甲基丙烯酰氧基化合物、含环氧基化合物、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂和/或抗老化剂等各种添加剂。
[用途]
本发明的层叠体形成用薄膜在一个面上赋予压花,确保保管时的耐粘连性、制造时的脱气性,且非压花面具有良好的粘性,因此,可以优选作为层叠时需要精确定位的夹层玻璃用中间膜或太阳能电池用密封膜使用。
作为夹层玻璃用中间膜使用时,通常,使通过本发明制造的层叠体形成用薄膜(中间膜)介于两块透明基板之间,接合一体化,制造夹层玻璃。上述透明基板例如可以使用硅酸盐玻璃、无机玻璃板、无着色透明玻璃板等玻璃板,此外还可以使用塑料薄膜。作为上述塑料薄膜,可列举出:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)薄膜、聚丁酸乙二醇酯薄膜,优选PET薄膜。透明基板的厚度一般为0.05~20mm左右。
夹层玻璃的制造例如如图3所示通过用2块透明基板7A和7B夹持中间膜5,层叠,在减压下将该层叠体脱气,在加热下按压(高温层压工序),使中间膜中含有的乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物交联固化,从而使各层接合一体化来进行。交联固化时,通过将上述层叠体在通常100~150℃、尤其130℃附近加热处理10分钟~120分钟、优选10分钟~60分钟来进行。上述交联固化可以在例如80~120℃的温度下预压接之后进行。上述加热处理尤其优选在例如130℃下进行10~30分钟(气氛温度)。另外,上述加热处理优选在层叠体上施加0~800kPa的压制压力的同时进行。交联后的层叠体的冷却一般在室温下进行,尤其冷却速度越快越优选。
另外,用于太阳能电池用密封膜时,通常,使本发明的层叠体形成用薄膜(密封膜)介于表面侧透明保护部件与背面侧保护部件之间,使之交联一体化,从而密封太阳能电池用单元,制造太阳能电池。为了充分密封太阳能电池用单元,可以将表面侧透明保护部件、表面侧密封膜、太阳能电池用单元、背面侧密封膜和背面侧保护部件依次层叠,在减压下将层叠体预压接,将各层残留的空气脱气之后,加热加压,使密封膜交联固化。
在此处,将太阳能电池单元的被光照射一侧(受光面侧)称为“表面侧”,将太阳能电池单元的受光面的相反面侧称为“背面侧”。
在上述太阳能电池中,为了充分密封太阳能电池用单元,例如,可以如图4所示,将表面侧透明保护部件11、表面侧密封膜13A、太阳能电池用单元14、背面侧密封膜13B和背面侧保护部件12层叠,按照加热加压等常规方法,使密封膜交联固化。
在上述加热加压中,例如,可以用真空层压机以温度135~180℃、进而140~180℃、尤其155~180℃、脱气时间0.1~5分钟、压制压力0.1~1.5kg/cm2、压制时间5分钟~15分钟的条件将上述层叠体加热压接。在该加热加压时,通过使表面侧密封膜13A和背面侧密封膜13B中含有的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物交联,可以介由表面侧密封膜13A和背面侧密封膜13B,使表面侧透明保护部件11、背面侧透明部件12和太阳能电池用单元14一体化,将太阳能电池用单元14密封。
另外,本发明的层叠体形成用薄膜(密封膜)不仅可用于如图4所示的使用单晶或多晶的硅晶体系的太阳能电池单元的太阳能电池的密封膜,还可用于薄膜硅系、薄膜无定形硅系太阳能电池、硒化铜铟(CIS)系太阳能电池等薄膜太阳能电池的密封膜。在该情况下,例如,可列举出:在通过化学气相蒸镀法等形成于玻璃基板、聚酰亚胺基板、氟树脂系透明基板等表面侧透明保护部件的表面上的薄膜太阳能电池元件层上层叠背面侧密封膜、背面侧保护部件,并粘接一体化而获得的结构;在背面侧保护部件的表面上形成的太阳能电池元件上层叠表面侧密封膜、表面侧透明保护部件,并粘接一体化而获得的结构;或者依次层叠表面侧透明保护部件、表面侧密封膜、薄膜太阳能电池元件、背面侧密封膜和背面侧保护部件,并粘接一体化而获得的结构等。
本发明的太阳能电池中使用的表面侧透明保护部件11通常为硅酸盐玻璃等玻璃基板即可。玻璃基板的厚度一般为0.1~10mm,优选为0.3~5mm。玻璃基板一般可以是化学强化或热强化过的玻璃基板。
本发明中使用的背面侧保护部件12优选使用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)等塑料薄膜。另外,考虑到耐热性、耐湿热性,还可以是氟化聚乙烯薄膜、尤其氟化聚乙烯薄膜/Al/氟化聚乙烯薄膜依次层叠而形成的薄膜。
实施例
以下通过实施例来说明本发明。
(层叠体形成用薄膜的制作)
(实施例1~8、比较例1~3)
EVA(相对于100质量份EVA的醋酸乙烯酯的含量:26质量份):100质量份
交联剂(2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧)己烷:1质量份
交联助剂(异氰脲酸三烯丙酯):2质量份
添加剂(γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷):0.5质量份
将上述配方供给到辊磨机,在70℃下混炼,制备EVA组合物,在70℃下压延成型,获得薄膜。接着,使用凸部为条纹状的微细凹凸形状图案(表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra:10μm)的压花辊和表1所示的辊表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra的橡胶制加压辊,在表1所示的压花辊的压制压力、30℃的辊温度下对该薄膜的压花面赋予压花。此后,通过导向辊运送薄膜的同时进行冷却,卷取为卷筒状,获得层叠体形成用薄膜(厚度0.6mm)。另外,在此处,还控制运送时施加在薄膜上的张力,获得表1所示的非压花面上形成的微细凹凸的平均间隔Sm与表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra的层叠体形成用薄膜。
(评价方法)
(1)粘性的测定
用粘性仪(MODEL:DPX-SOT(IMADACo.,Ltd.制造))测定使上述制作的各层叠体形成用薄膜的非压花面与玻璃板接触并施加500g的载荷90秒之后、以300mm/分钟的速度剥离时的密合力。密合力为0.4N以上则评价为合格。
(2)压花转印性
目视观察上述制作的各层叠体形成用薄膜的压花面的状态,清晰地形成了压花的场合评价为○,具有少量不清晰的部分的场合评价为△,不清晰部分显著的场合评价为×。△以上为合格。
(3)模块层叠时的处理性
评价将上述制作的各层叠体形成用薄膜层叠在太阳能电池模块上时的处理性。
容易层叠的场合评价为○,稍微难以层叠的场合评价为△,难以层叠的场合评价为×。
(4)表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra和凹凸的平均间隔Sm的测定
使用表面粗糙度计(Surtronic3+(RankTaylorHobson公司制造)),按照JIS-B0601(1994)的方法来测定。
表1
(评价结果)
上述各评价的结果示于表1中。在实施例1~8中,非压花面的凹凸的平均间隔Sm为600~1600μm且表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为1.2~2.2μm的层叠体形成用薄膜的非压花面的粘性为0.4~1.6N,是合格的。压花面的压花转印性、模块层叠时的处理性也是合格的。然而,模块层叠时的处理性在非压花面的凹凸的平均间隔Sm为1600μm、表面的算术平均粗糙度1.2μm的场合下是稍差的。与此相反,在比较例1~3中,非压花面的凹凸平均间隔Sm和表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra在上述范围之外的层叠体形成用薄膜的非压花面的粘性为0.3N以下,是不合格的,层叠时的处理性也是不合格的。
以上内容表明,通过将仅仅一个面上被赋予良好压花的层叠体形成用薄膜的非压花面的凹凸的平均间隔Sm设定为600~1600μm且将表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra设定为1.2~2.2μm,可以形成具备具有良好粘性的非压花面的层叠体形成用薄膜。
需要说明的是,本发明不限定于上述实施方式的方案和实施例,在本发明的主旨的范围内可以进行各种变形。
产业上的可利用性
通过将本发明的层叠体形成用乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物薄膜作为夹层玻璃用中间膜、太阳能电池用密封膜使用,能够制造成品率良好、高性能的夹层玻璃、太阳能电池。
Claims (4)
1.一种层叠体形成用薄膜,其特征在于,其为夹层玻璃用中间膜或太阳能电池用密封膜,
该薄膜由含有乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物的组合物形成,仅仅在所述薄膜的一个面上具有压花,
所述薄膜的膜厚为100μm~1.5mm,
所述具有压花的面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为3~50μm,
所述具有压花的面的相反面上形成有微细凹凸,该凹凸的平均间隔Sm为600~1600μm,且表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为1.7~2.2μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层叠体形成用薄膜,其中,所述具有压花的面的相反面的微细凹凸的平均间隔Sm为600~1200μm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的层叠体形成用薄膜,其中,所述乙烯-不饱和酯共聚物是乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的层叠体形成用薄膜,其中,所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的醋酸乙烯酯重复单元的含量相对于100质量份所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物为20~35质量份。
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US9460829B2 (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2016-10-04 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Resin composition, resin pellet, method for producing resin pellet, and solar cell encapsulant |
CN102689459B (zh) * | 2012-06-01 | 2014-09-03 | 清华大学 | 一种减阻降噪沟槽贴膜及其制备方法 |
MX2017003747A (es) | 2014-09-30 | 2017-06-30 | Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd | Pelicula intermedia de vidrio laminado, vidrio laminado y metodo de produccion de la pelicula intermedia de vidrio laminado. |
US20180290436A1 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2018-10-11 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Laminate and laminated glass |
US10556409B2 (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2020-02-11 | Toyobo Co., Ltd. | Polyethylene film |
US10850476B2 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2020-12-01 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Interlayer for laminated glass, laminated glass, and production method for interlayer for laminated glass |
US10336520B2 (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2019-07-02 | The Imagine Group, Llc | Single-ply, non-corrugated materials suitable for decorative wrapping |
WO2017196707A1 (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2017-11-16 | Kuraray America, Inc. | Multilayer interlayer and glass laminate |
USD858113S1 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2019-09-03 | The Imagine Group, Llc | Material for decorative wrapping |
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