CN102422066A - 用于高温工业应用的改进管及其制备方法 - Google Patents

用于高温工业应用的改进管及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102422066A
CN102422066A CN2010800183055A CN201080018305A CN102422066A CN 102422066 A CN102422066 A CN 102422066A CN 2010800183055 A CN2010800183055 A CN 2010800183055A CN 201080018305 A CN201080018305 A CN 201080018305A CN 102422066 A CN102422066 A CN 102422066A
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layers
reinforcement
metal alloy
pipe
alloy pipe
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M·V·L·克拉尔
C·K·H·达朗
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University of Canterbury
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Canterprise Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/02Rigid pipes of metal
    • F16L9/04Reinforced pipes
    • F16L9/042Reinforced pipes the reinforcement comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord, wire or strip
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/02Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
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    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L57/00Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear
    • F16L57/04Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear against fire or other external sources of extreme heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/082Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
    • F28F21/083Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/087Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from nickel or nickel alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306Resistant to heat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B32B2307/548Creep
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2597/00Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00Reinforcing means
    • F28F2225/04Reinforcing means for conduits
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/40Ethylene production

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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
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Abstract

用于高温工业设备中的高温工业设备金属合金管,例如具有较低蠕变的转化炉管,包含围绕管的一层或多层增强材料如耐火材料的丝或网。还要求了制备所述管的方法和包含所述管的设备。

Description

用于高温工业应用的改进管及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明整体涉及用于高温工业应用如转化炉管中的管构造。
背景技术
在高温下操作并且还经受应力的工业设备中的管道系统将经历称为蠕变的累积破坏机制。例如在管道系统或管(以下称为(一根或多根)管)的竖直运行中,由于重力可向下地(即在轴向)发生蠕变。例如这可发生在进行铁矿石直接还原的设备(DRI设备)中。例如在转化炉设备中如在催化或蒸汽重整中,蠕变还可穿过在管经受内部压力以及高温的管轴发生。
蠕变意指管壁材料的缓慢迁移,使得在设备操作一段时期后,例如在其寿命开始、在其寿命结束时在其长度上恒定壁厚的一根(或多根)管将会具有超出允许的尺寸或甚至断裂,因而需要更换。
发明内容
第一方面,本发明广泛包含形成高温工业设备的一部分或用于高温工业设备中的金属合金管,其包含围绕该管的在高于约40%的金属合金管绝对熔点的温度下较低蠕变的增强材料层。
在一个实施方案中,该增强材料包含纤丝形式的耐火材料例如钨、钼、铌、钽、钶、铪、硼、或铼、或金属氧化物如氧化铝(Al2O3)、或碳化物如碳化钨(WC),例如,其可为围绕金属合金管外部缠绕的丝形式。作为替代,该增强材料可以为网或编织形式或其它片材形式。
当该增强材料包含围绕管的纤丝增强物时,可在管轴的法向或在与管轴成一定角度下围绕该管缠绕(一根或多根)纤丝,特别是当管将经受内部压力以及高温时,或者甚至在低压应用中将其水平安装或者在与水平或垂直成一定角度下安装时。又或者,增强物可包含在管外部上的纤丝,其沿管轴延伸。
在一些实施方案中,该管可包含第二增强层例如在第一层上方并且优选在与第一层成一定角度下围绕该管缠绕的第二丝层。当增强材料为网或编织形式时,该管可包含第二个网或编织层,可将其施加于管,使得第二层的经线和纬线在与第一网或编织的增强层的经线和纬线成一定角度下延伸。
第二方面,本发明广泛地在于用于高温工业设备的金属合金的制造方法,其包括形成具有围绕管的增强材料层的管,该增强材料在高于约40%的金属合金管绝对熔点的温度下具有较低蠕变。
在一个实施方案中,该制造方法包括将增强材料层成形为管状形式或不同几何形状的预制品,并且随后将金属合金管离心铸造于管状增强材料内并铸造成管状增强材料。
在另一个实施方案中,该制造方法包括铸造或挤压金属合金管,以及围绕该管施加增强材料层。围绕(一个或多个)增强物层可施加金属合金(或各种不同合金)的等离子或热喷涂,以进一步巩固增强物并向最终的管组件提供其它的性质,例如功能梯度性质。
在本说明书中,“高温”意指通常高于500℃的温度并且通常为750-1500℃。
“耐火材料”意指在高于1000F(538C)的温度下将保持其强度的材料。
在本说明书中所使用的术语“包含(comprising)”意指“包含至少部分的”。当在本说明书中说明包括术语“包含”的每一种表述时,除了由该术语开始的那个或那些,以外的特征也可存在。将以相同的方式解释相关的术语例如“包括”和“含有”。
附图简要说明
参考附图并仅以举例的方式进一步描述本发明,其中:
图1显示了本发明的高温工业设备管的一个实施方案,
图2显示了高温工业设备管的另一个实施方案。
具体实施方式
参考附图,金属合金管1由耐腐蚀合金(例如,包含23-26重量%的铬、32-36重量%的镍和0.35-0.4重量%的碳的合金)形成,并且该合金还可包含约1.5重量%的锰和约1.5重量%的硅。该合金还可任选地包含其它的“微合金化”添加物。合金余量包含铁。在一个特别的实施方案中,金属合金管1由包含约25%铬、35%镍、0.4%碳和39.6%铁的耐腐蚀合金形成。通常,未增强的金属合金适用于高于500℃的温度并且通常为750-1100℃的温度下,并且该管可适用于具有例如45巴的内部压力。该管可为用于催化转化炉的转化炉管,例如,其包含由流过转化炉管的工艺气体气流所接触的催化剂。
围绕该管外部在至少部分长度的管上方为增强材料,在图1的实施方案中,增强材料包含耐火金属如钨、钼、铌、钽或铼或者氧化铝的丝的第一层2(如所示,其在与管轴成一定角度下缠绕),以及如所示在与管轴和第一层均成一定角度下缠绕的第二层3。例如可以在与管轴成大约+55°的角度下缠绕第一增强层2,而在与管轴成大约-55°的角度下缠绕第二层3。该丝可为例如0.1-5mm的直径。
图2显示了第二实施方案,其中第一层2的纤丝增强物在管轴上延伸并且在管轴的法向缠绕第二层3。
在高于约40%的金属合金管绝对熔点的温度下,增强物具有比金属合金管固有显著地更高的蠕变抵抗性,例如高出20%、50%、100%或更高的蠕变抵抗性,以及可能高出2-3个数量级的蠕变抵抗性。当垂直安装管时,该增强物因而协助抑制向下(即,纵向或轴向)的蠕变,并且在设备操作期间当管经受内部压力时,该增强物在描述的两个实施方案中也均协助减少直径的蠕变。该增强物因此起到延长管以及管为其中一部分的设备的有效工作寿命的作用。
在显示的实施方案中,存在丝形式的两个增强层。在一个作为替代的实施方案中,纤丝增强物可为网或其它编织的耐火或氧化铝材料的形式。除了所显示的两层以外,可能当管在使用中不经受导致法向蠕变的内部压力时,还可存在单一层,或者可存在三个或更多个增强层。
本发明的管可用于炼油厂中的催化转化炉中,在其中管可运送在至多1000℃的温度和至多45巴的压力下的气化的原油和氢的混合物,或者用于例如氢制备、甲醇制备、氨制备或乙烯制备,或其它工业的转化炉中。本发明的管可用于蒸汽催化转化炉中。在这样的应用中,相对于同等的未增强金属合金管,在使用温度下该管可展现提高的蠕变抵抗性、较高的强度和/或对腐蚀例如氧化的较高抵抗性。本发明的管还可用于高温热交换器中,例如在喷气发动机中的氢产生中,或在太阳热能产生例如在太阳热高温收集器中。
通过离心铸造和纤丝缠绕可制造本发明的增强工业管。可将熔融的金属合金离心铸造成管,并且随后将其放置在纤丝缠绕机上以围绕该管缠绕一个或多个增强层。
作为替代,在铸造该管后,可围绕该管缠绕网或其它片材增强材料。任选地,在将增强物施加于管之前,可将气体扩散阻挡层施加于管内部(通过例如热喷涂)或外部。
在另一种形式中,例如通过在心轴周围缠绕或包裹,首先使增强材料成形为管状形式,并且随后将增强管放置于离心铸造模里。接着对着增强材料的管内部离心铸造金属合金管。然后可将气体扩散阻挡体施加于管内部。
还可通过挤压和增强物缠绕或包裹来制造管,其中挤压金属合金管并且随后将其放置在例如纤丝缠绕机上,在该纤丝缠绕机上围绕管缠绕一层或多层纤丝增强材料。管还可通过共挤压制造,当挤压金属合金管时,通过使增强物缠绕或包裹通过挤压模,使得增强物包覆(encased)于管壁的金属材料内。任选地,在共挤压后围绕管内部可形成其它一个或多个增强物层。在增强材料之前或之后可将气体扩散阻挡层施加于管内部或外部。
纤丝层可由不同的耐火材料组成,因此可造成功能梯度复合物。
附图中显示的管具有圆形横截面,但在其它实施方案中,管可具有椭圆或多边形(multi-segmented)的横截面形状。当描述管时,已经提及其垂直安装应用,并且管适用于在其中管在水平延伸或在垂直和水平之间的一定角度下延伸的工业设备中。
在管如转化炉管的基本上整个长度上或在转化炉管的大部分长度上可施加增强物。作为替代,在一端或朝向一端例如并通常在通过使用中管的气流方向中进一步沿着管长度的一端,可在管的小部分长度上施加增强物。增强物层的数量在管长度上还可改变,从而提供在操作温度和压力下管的优化性能。
通常为了安装该管,该管在其任何一端将具有法兰或其它机械安装件(mount)。
实验
通过以下实验工作的描述进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
用可商购的0.38mm直径的钨丝增强由合金800H(包含约30-35wt%的Ni、19-23wt%的Cr和少量添加的铝和钛,余量为铁)制成的1米长的42mm外径和6mm壁厚的金属管。首先,在车床上车削该管以减少外径1.5mm。沿着700mm截面用4个叠加于彼此上的缠绕物层边接边地(edge-to-edge)缠绕增强丝。用约1.5mm厚度的Metallisation Wire 79E(包含约36wt%Ni、20wt%Cr、1%Mn、2.25%Si,余量为铁)金属电弧喷涂组件,以向钨丝提供氧化保护。最终的组件为约43.5mm直径。
为了对比,用约1.5mm厚度的Metallisation合金79E金属电弧喷涂由合金800H制成的第二种1米长的42mm外径和6mm壁厚的金属管,但没有钨丝增强物。将该管称为“参考管”。
将两种管段并排(side-by-side)放置在炉中并加热至1030℃,随后用氩加压至500psig。计算了造成1000小时后参考管中失效的这些条件。
在探测到泄露前,参考管持续了680小时。本发明的管在相同条件下(平行测试)持续2720小时而未探测到泄露,这是在参考管的实际性能上4倍的改进。随后的检查说明没有蠕变,而参考管显示穿壁的蠕变裂缝。
实施例2
用钨丝如实施例1那样增强具有1米长、137mm外径和110mm内径尺寸的HP合金管(包含约25wt%Cr、35wt%Ni、0.4wt%C、39.6wt%Fe、1.5wt%Mn和1.5wt%Si),其有以下不同之处:清洁了HP合金管但没减少直径;钨丝为0.5mm直径;缠绕了0.9mm合金625(包含约20-23wt%Cr、58wt%Ni、0.1wt%C、5wt%Fe、3.15-4.15wt%Co和Ta)的最终包裹物。
测试条件为750psig和1020℃的温度,计算促使在491小时内由相同管材料制成的普通(未增强)管中的断裂的所述条件。本发明的管持续1600小时而不失效并且在1600小时后还不失效,这在相同管材料的普通(未增强)管的计算性能上为3.3倍改进。
本发明的上述表述包括其优选形式。可做出改进而不偏离如所附权利要求中限定的本发明的范围。

Claims (49)

1.形成高温工业设备的部件或用于高温工业设备中的金属合金管,其包含围绕该管(外部地、内部地和/或在管壁内)的在高于约40%的金属合金管绝对熔点的温度下较低蠕变的至少第一增强材料层。
2.根据权利要求1的金属合金管,其包含围绕该管在所述第一增强材料层上方的第二增强材料层。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的金属合金管,其中第一增强材料层和第二增强材料层(如果存在)具有比金属合金管高出至少20%的蠕变抵抗性。
4.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的金属合金管,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者具有比金属合金管高出至少50%的蠕变抵抗性。
5.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的金属合金管,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者具有比金属合金管高出至少100%的蠕变抵抗性。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的金属合金管,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者为纤丝形式。
7.根据权利要求5的金属合金管,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者为围绕金属合金管外部缠绕的丝形式。
8.根据权利要求6的金属合金管,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者为围绕金属合金管外部的网或编织形式或其它纤丝片材形式。
9.根据权利要求6-8中任一项的金属合金管,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者包含在管轴法向围绕管的(一根或多根)纤丝。
10.根据权利要求6-8中任一项的金属合金管,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者包含在与管轴成一定角度下围绕管的(一根或多根)纤丝。
11.根据权利要求6-8中任一项的金属合金管,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者包含沿着管轴延伸的(一根或多根)纤丝。
12.根据权利要求10的金属合金管,其中第二增强层包含在与第一增强层的纤丝成一定角度下于第一增强层上方围绕管延伸。
13.根据权利要求1-12中任一项的金属合金管,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者包含钨、钼、铌、钽、钶、铪、硼、或铼、或金属氧化物或碳化物。
14.根据权利要求13中任一项的金属合金管,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者包含氧化铝或碳化钨。
15.根据权利要求1-14中任一项的金属合金管,其中金属合金管的绝对熔点为约750℃-约1500℃。
16.根据权利要求1-15中任一项的金属合金管,其形成高温工业设备的部件。
17.根据权利要求16-18中任一项的金属合金管,并且其中管垂直延伸。
18.根据权利要求16-18中任一项的金属合金管,并且其中管水平延伸或在与水平或垂直成一定角度下安装。
19.用于高温工业设备中的金属合金管的制造方法,其包括形成围绕管(外部地、内部地和/或在管壁内)具有增强材料层的管,该增强层在高于约40%的金属合金管绝对熔点的温度下具有较低蠕变。
20.根据权利要求19的方法,其包括将增强材料层成形为管状形式并且随后离心铸造金属合金管于管状增强材料内并铸造成管状增强材料。
21.根据权利要求19的方法,其包括铸造或挤压金属合金管并且围绕该管施加增强材料层。
22.根据权利要求19的方法,其包括共挤压增强材料和金属合金管。
23.根据权利要求19-22中任一项的方法,其包括在第一增强材料层上方围绕所述管形成第二增强材料层。
24.根据权利要求19-23中任一项的金属合金管的制造方法,其包括在第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)上方施加金属合金。
25.根据权利要求19-24中任一项的方法,其中第一增强材料层和第二增强材料层(如果存在)具有比金属合金管高出至少20%的蠕变抵抗性。
26.根据权利要求19-24中任一项的方法,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者具有比金属合金管高出至少50%的蠕变抵抗性。
27.根据权利要求19-24中任一项的方法,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者具有比金属合金管高出至少1000%的蠕变抵抗性。
28.根据权利要求19-27中任一项的方法,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者为纤丝形式。
29.根据权利要求19-27中任一项的方法,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者为围绕金属合金管外部缠绕的丝形式。
30.根据权利要求19-27中任一项的方法,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者为围绕金属合金管外部的网或编织形式或其它纤丝片材形式。
31.根据权利要求19-30中任一项的方法,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者包含在管轴法向围绕管的(一根或多根)纤丝。
32.根据权利要求19-30中任一项的方法,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者包含在与管轴成一定角度下围绕管的(一根或多根)纤丝。
33.根据权利要求19-30中任一项的方法,其中第一增强材料层或第二增强材料层(如果存在)或两者包含沿着管轴延伸的(一根或多根)纤丝。
34.根据权利要求33的方法,其中第二增强层包含在与第一增强层的纤丝成一定角度下于第一增强层上方围绕所述管延伸。
35.根据权利要求19-34中任一项的方法,其中增强材料包含钨、钼、铌、钽、钶、铪、硼、或铼、或金属氧化物或碳化物。
36.根据权利要求35中任一项的方法,其中增强材料包含氧化铝或碳化钨。
37.根据权利要求23-36中任一项的方法,其中金属合金管的绝对熔点为750-1500℃。
38.工业设备,包含根据权利要求1-18中任一项的或由权利要求19-37中任一项的方法制备的一根或多根金属合金管作为其部件。
39.根据权利要求38的工业设备,其为转化炉设备。
40.根据权利要求39的工业设备,其为催化转化炉设备。
41.根据权利要求40的工业设备,其中催化转化炉设备包含炼油厂的部件,或用于氢、甲醇、氨或乙烯制备的转化炉设备。
42.根据权利要求39的工业设备,其为蒸汽转化炉设备。
43.根据权利要求38的工业设备,其设置成进行铁矿石的直接还原。
44.高温热交换器,包含根据权利要求1-18中任一项的或由权利要求19-37中任一项的方法制备的一根或多根金属合金管作为其部件。
45.由金属合金形成的高温工业设备管,其具有750-1500℃的绝对熔点,并且围绕所述管包含在金属合金管熔点下具有至少较高蠕变抵抗性的耐火材料作为纤丝增强物。
46.根据权利要求45的高温工业设备管,其中增强材料包含围绕管缠绕的丝。
47.根据权利要求45的高温工业设备管,其中增强材料包含围绕管的网或编织形式或者其它纤丝片材形式。
48.根据权利要求45-47中任一项的金属合金管,其中增强材料包含钨、钼、铌、钽、钶、铪、硼、或铼、或金属氧化物或碳化物。
49.根据权利要求45-47中任一项的金属合金管,其中增强材料包含氧化铝或碳化钨。
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AU2010220888A1 (en) 2011-10-20
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