CN102406060B - Feed additive and production method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses feed additive and a production method thereof. The invention belongs to the field of feed additive, especially relates to the product of cow feed additive. The feed comprises the following components by weight in percent: 30-50 wt% of extruded soybean, 4-9 wt% of urea, 3-8 wt% of yeast protein, 20-30 wt% of gloeostereum insarnatum, 15-25 wt% of ganoderma lucidum, 2-9 wt% of slow-releasing agent, and 3-6 wt% of aspergillus awamori culture. The feed production method provided by the invention provides fully nutrient storage for the cows at the perinatal period, improves the daily milk production and peak sustainable power, and improves the pregnancy rate of the cows.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to field of fodder, particularly the milk cow forage product.
Background technology:
Protein is the synthetic primary raw material of lactoprotein, is also one of major limitation nutritional labeling of lactating cow daily ration.Protein in cud by rumen microorganism degraded and synthetic animalcule albumen, with cud not protein degradation, endogenous protein enter small intestine with the cud chyme, form intestinal metabolism albumen, digested absorption in small intestine, and in mammary gland synthetic lactoprotein.But the rumen microbial protein combined coefficient is not high, and the amino acid composition is uneven, thereby has affected the synthetic of lactoprotein.Therefore, in daily ration, potein deficiency causes milk protein concn to descend, and can significantly improve milk protein concn and replenish protein.Research is found, the every increase one percentage point of dietary protein, and in cow's milk, the level of protein just increases by 0.02 percentage point.But prerequisite is under the condition of dairy cow diet albumen wretched insufficiency, increases Different Dietary Protein Levels and can improve digestibility and the feed intake of milk cow, so the output of milk also rises thereupon, causes the increase of content of milk protein.Therefore, can think the increase of the output of milk and content of milk protein, be the double result of feed protein direct effect and energy indirect effect.On the other hand, replenish the by-pass protein feed in daily ration and can improve abomasum and Protein in small intestine nutrition, and keep higher lactoprotein output.Rumen-undegraded protein in milk cow forage (rumen bypass protein) and microprotein are the main sources of Small Intestine of Dairy Cattle protein, and the non-degrade proteins or the amino acid deficiency that arrive abomasum and small intestine in daily ration are the principal elements that affects the high yield cow content of milk protein.
In general, the protein that enters cud approximately has 60% to be decomposed, the product that decomposes is ammonia, volatile fatty acid, carbon dioxide and other nitrogen substance, all the other not digested parts are with the post-ruminal digestion that is moved into of glandular stomach chyme, protease by abomasum and small intestine further digests, the protein that this part is not decomposed by rumen microorganism is called " by-pass protein ".
Cud is large fermentation tank of ruminant domestic animal, and it not only can digest the crude fibre that the simple stomach domestic animal is difficult to digest, and reduces the activity of some ANFs, improve the utilization rate of phytate phosphorus in feed etc., and to the albumen of some high-qualitys, free amino acid, carbohydrate etc. also have certain degradation.Therefore, feed is carried out certain processing process (expanded, steam-flaked etc.), increased the quantity of UIP and RBS in the feed.Can also use coating technique is coated with to process to some a small amount of or micro-nutrients (amino acid, choline etc.) and makes it avoid degrading in cud.
Gloeostereum incarnatum S.Ito etI mai (G.L C F8511) [Gloeostereum incarnatum], another name elm ear, elm mill.The elm ear mainly contains necessary each seed amino acids of human body such as the trace elements such as protein, carbohydrate, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and glutamic acid, lysine.In the mycelium of fermenting and producing, the content of various functional components and fructification are basic identical.
Glossy ganoderma [Ganoderema lucidum (Leyss ex Fr.) karst], claim again the polyporus lucidus GL-B can promote the synthetic of protein, nucleic acid, to the renewal of serum, liver and bone marrow cell protein or nucleic acid, synthetic facilitation arranged, it is one of glossy ganoderma main active ingredient of strengthening the body resistance to consolidate the constitution.GL-B mainly is present in lucid ganoderma fungus fructification, sclerotium, mycelium or zymotic fluid.The seed of cowherb is the seed of pinkwort cow-fat.The traditional Chinese medical science thinks, seed of cowherb mildly bitter flavor, property are flat, and the disappear effect of carbuncle of activating blood to promote menstruation, lactogenesis is arranged, simultaneously or the good medicine of lactagogue.
Summary of the invention:
The invention provides a kind of feed addictive and production method thereof:
The percentage by weight of each component of feed addictive is: expanded soybean 30-50wt%, urea 4-9wt%: yeast albumen powder 3-8wt%, elm ear 20-30wt%, glossy ganoderma 15-25wt%, sustained release agent 2-9wt%, aspergillus awamori culture 3-6wt%;
Production method is as follows:
Urea, after pulverizing, aspergillus awamori culture, yeast albumen powder, elm ear, glossy ganoderma, sustained release agent obtain length or particle diameter less than the material of 3mm, mix above-mentioned material, carry out expanded with the expanded feed unit, swelling temperature is 100-140 ℃, and bulking pressure 5.3-7.0 kilogram is cooled to normal temperature, sieve (being not more than 15% by 8mm sieve aperture rate), above-mentioned expanded material mixes with expanded soybean.
Described elm ear is elm ears or side handles of a utensil entity, fermentation mycelium or elm ear solid fermentation thalline and mycoplasma.
Glossy ganoderma is ganoderma lucidum fruitbody, fermentation mycelium or glossy ganoderma solid fermentation thalline and mycoplasma.
The production process of described elm ear solid fermentation thalline and mycoplasma is as follows: seed culture: shaking table is cultivated elm ear fluid body seed; Solid fermentation: switching elm ear fluid body seed is to solid fermentation culture medium fermented and cultured; Dry; Be added with the pulverizing seed of cowherb that weight ratio is 1-3% in described elm ear solid fermentation culture medium.
Each weight percentages of components of described sustained release agent is: ferrous sulfate 5-15%, copper sulphate 10-20%, calcium carbonate 60-80%, Sodium Metabisulfite 5-10%.
The proportion of composing of described sustained release agent according to percentage by weight is: ferrous sulfate 15%, copper sulphate 15%, calcium carbonate 60%, Sodium Metabisulfite 10%.
Be added with the pulverizing seed of cowherb that weight ratio is 1-3% in described elm ear solid fermentation culture medium.
Described glossy ganoderma is ganoderma lucidum fruitbody, fermentation mycelium or glossy ganoderma solid fermentation thalline and mycoplasma.
Expanded soybean preparation technology flow process is as follows: the following sieve milling soya seeds of 4mm, carry out expandedly with the expanded feed unit, and swelling temperature 100-115 ℃, bulking pressure 6.3-7.0 kilogram is cooled to normal temperature, sieve (being not more than 15% by 8mm sieve aperture rate).
Aspergillus awamori culture preparation: bacterial classification is cultivated, and solid fermentation is cultivated: spore liquid is inoculated in aspergillus oryzae solid state fermentation compost, and 26-35 ℃ is cultured to mycelia and covers with compost, and the low temperature fluidized bed drying is pulverized dry thing;
Aspergillus awamori culture preparation: bacterial classification is cultivated, and solid fermentation is cultivated: spore liquid is inoculated in aspergillus oryzae solid state fermentation compost, and 30 ℃ are cultured to mycelia and cover with compost, and 45 ℃ of dryings of low temperature fluid bed are pulverized dry thing;
Aspergillus awamori (Aspergillus awamori) CGMCC3.6484.
The depositary institution of above-mentioned bacterial classification is Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center, address: No. 13, Zhongguancun N 1st Lane, Beijing City institute of microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Postcode: 100080.
The product that the inventive method obtains is used for feeding the high yield cow in perinatal period and peak of lactation, or the milk cow of daily yielding more than 20kg, its using method: the cow feed additive of the present invention that replenishes 10-35% in the fine fodder of milk cow routine, feed after fully mixing, preferably just begin to feed in perinatal period.
Beneficial effect:
The feed addictive that the inventive method provides provides sufficient nutrition deposit for cow in perinatal period, peak of lactation, provide sufficient nutrition supply, make up the negative effect that a certain nutriment of single interpolation utilizes other absorption of nutrient ingredients, make up high yield cow negative energy balance and the body condition loss of peak of lactation, improve daily yielding and peak vitality, improve the milk cow conception rate.The Lactation of Dairy Cow peak period extends 20-35 days.
The seed of cowherb that adds in elm ear solid fermentation culture medium can make the composition of the seed of cowherb enter fermentation thalline and mycoplasma during the fermentation, and the short whey that effectively improves feed is flat.The thalline that solid fermentation obtains is the good medium with nutrition and medicinal function, is having a good application prospect aspect the Application and Development of natural feed addictive.
Experimental result shows that the elm ear has higher nutritive value and bacteria resistance function, can strengthen the immunity of animal, and the noresidue environmentally safe.The interpolation of glossy ganoderma can effectively increase the content of the beneficiating ingredient such as GL-B vitamin in product, and glossy ganoderma can effectively strengthen immunity of organisms, improves the milk cow health level.
Nutritional supplementation method for producing feed additive provided by the invention contains calcium carbonate, can effectively replenish calcium, improves the content of calcium in cow producing milk.
The feed addictive that the inventive method provides contains a certain amount of urea, owing to having added therein sustained release agent, by bulking machine under the extruding of certain temperature and pressure, generation gelatinization reaction, sustained release agent, urea and elm ear, glossy ganoderma are coated on together, thereby effectively slow down urea at the rate of release of cud, reach with the fermentation of cornstarch and synchronize, increased the utilization ratio of cud to degraded nitrogen.
Mailland reaction occurs in soybean puffing technology utilization protein molecule peptide chain amino provided by the invention and carboxyl under HTHP, amino and carboxyl mutually combines, make the variation of soy proteinaceous peptide chain structure generation space structure, be unfavorable for the degraded of rumen microorganism, improve it and cross the cud rate.
The fat content of product is 8%, and dry matter degradability is 40%, and protein degradation rate is 26%, can be 20MJ/KG, NEL is 6.5MJ/KG, and protein content is 14%, conception rate has improved 12%, can improve as calculated 220 kilograms of left and right of the year output of milk of milk cow.
Specific implementation method:
The following examples can make the present invention of those skilled in the art comprehend, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1:
The percentage by weight of this method for producing feed additive product compositions is: expanded soybean 40wt%, urea 6wt%, yeast albumen powder 5wt%, elm ear 20wt%, glossy ganoderma 20wt%, sustained release agent 4wt%, aspergillus awamori culture 5wt%.
Described elm ear is elm ear solid fermentation thalline and mycoplasma;
Described glossy ganoderma is fermented hyphostroma of Ganoderma;
Described sustained release agent mainly is comprised of ferrous sulfate, copper sulphate, calcium carbonate, Sodium Metabisulfite;
The proportion of composing of described sustained release agent is as follows according to percentage by weight: ferrous sulfate 10%, copper sulphate 15%, calcium carbonate 70%, Sodium Metabisulfite 5%.
The preparation method is as follows:
Urea with aforementioned proportion, after pulverizing, aspergillus awamori culture, yeast albumen powder, elm ear, glossy ganoderma, sustained release agent obtain length or particle diameter less than the material with 3mm, mix above-mentioned material, carry out expanded with the expanded feed unit, swelling temperature 125, bulking pressure 5.3-6.0 kilogram is cooled to normal temperature, sieve (being not more than 15% by 8mm sieve aperture rate); Above-mentioned expanded material mixes with expanded soybean and gets final product.Adopt conventional artificial rumen technique to measure product and cross the cud effect.
Expanded soybean preparation technology flow process is as follows: the following sieve milling soya seeds of 4mm, carry out with the expanded feed unit expanded, swelling temperature 110, bulking pressure 6.3-7.0 kilogram is cooled to normal temperature, sieve (being not more than 15% by 8mm sieve aperture rate).
Elm ear solid fermentation thalline and mycoplasma production process are as follows: solid fermentation is cultivated the elm ear bacterium culture that obtains pulverize drying.
Production step of the present invention comprises the steps: seed culture: shaking table is cultivated elm ear fluid body seed; Solid fermentation: switching elm ear fluid body seed solid fermentation culture medium fermented and cultured; Drying and crushing: ferment complete, drying solid fermentation medium on fluid bed or other drying equipments, dry complete the pulverizing; Packing: the direct packing of comminuting matter both can.
Concrete production process is as follows:
(1) slant strains activation culture: the Gleoesterum incarnatum slant strains of preservation is transferred on slant medium, cultivated about 96 hours, and covered with the inclined-plane to mycelia and get final product for 22 ℃; (2) the liquid first order seed is cultivated: access of above-mentioned Gleoesterum incarnatum slant strains picking is equipped with carries out first order seed in 500 ml shake flasks of 100 milliliters of culture mediums and cultivate, condition of culture: 150 rev/mins of rotary shaking tables, cultivated about 130 hours for 25 ℃; (3) liquid two stage seed culture: the one-level shake-flask seed is accessed with 5% inoculum concentration carry out the secondary seed cultivation in 500 ml shake flasks that 100 milliliters of culture mediums are housed, condition of culture: 180 rev/mins of rotary shaking tables, cultivated about 100 hours for 25 ℃; (4) solid fermentation is cultivated: the secondary shake-flask seed is equipped with in the 500L solid-state fermentation tank of the rear solid fermentation culture medium of sterilization with 10% inoculum concentration access, condition of culture: charge 50%, 24 ℃ of cultivation temperature, humidity 75%, ventilation 0.3 (V/V), incubation time 15 days; Stirred 10 minutes every three days.(5) fermented and cultured finishes, and the solid fermentation material is selected the multiple drying means dryings such as fluid bed, and baking temperature is controlled at below 80 ℃.Dry materials is arrived moisture below 7%.The material that drying is complete is pulverized.
In the present invention, the Gleoesterum incarnatum bacterial classification is purchased from Chinese industrial microorganism fungus kind preservation administrative center, bacterium number: CICC14056.
In the present invention, the slant medium composition can be PDA slant medium or other suitable culture mediums.
In the present invention, the solid fermentation culture medium is composed as follows: 70% wheat bran, 1.4% sucrose, 10% corn flour, 16% corncob (after pulverizing), 0.1% peptone, 2% De-fatted soya protein Powder, 0.5% dusty yeast; Culture medium PH nature.In above-mentioned culture medium, interpolation weight is 2% the pulverizing seed of cowherb; 121 ℃ of sterilising conditions 2 hours.
In the present invention, the liquid fermentation seed forms: starch 2%, glucose 3%, peptone 0.3%, De-fatted soya protein Powder 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%, Cobastab
12PPm, PH6.
The preparation method of aspergillus awamori culture is as follows:
Slant strains activation culture: the aspergillus awamori slant strains is transferred on slant medium, cultivated 3 days for 27 ℃.
The solid first order seed is cultivated: picking aspergillus awamori slant strains accesses in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 100 gram culture mediums are housed carries out seed culture, cultivates for 30 ℃ to get final product in 3 days.
The solid secondary seed is cultivated: above-mentioned cultured solid first order seed is stirred as adding after fragment carry out seed culture in 5000 milliliters of triangular flasks that 1000 gram culture mediums are housed, condition of culture: 30 ℃ of cultivations got final product in 3 days.
Solid fermentation is cultivated: the secondary shake-flask seed is pulverized, added in fermentation vat that sterilising medium is housed or pallet to mix rear cultivation, bent material cultivation temperature is controlled at 26-35 ℃, humidity 80-90%, every 10 hours stirrings once, incubation time 5-7 days; Bent material culture technique commonly used is adopted in the cultivation of solid koji material; Treat that compost covers with mycelia and can finish to cultivate, culture medium is in advance through the thermophilic digestion sterilization treatment, and sterilising conditions is controlled 121 ℃ of temperature, 1 hour time.
Drying and crushing: the fermentation ends compost carries out drying on fluid bed or other drying equipments, baking temperature is controlled at 60 ℃, is dried to moisture below 10%, then solid culture medium is pulverized, and the crushing material aperture is more than 60 orders.
Culture medium forms: solid material: wheat bran 80%, and beancake powder 10%, cornstarch 10% adds the equivalent running water; Initial pH nature.
Embodiment 2: the preparation method is substantially with example 1.
Feed addictive becomes to be grouped into: expanded soybean 30wt%, urea 4wt%, yeast albumen powder 3wt%, elm ear 29wt%, glossy ganoderma 25wt%, sustained release agent 3wt%, aspergillus awamori culture 6wt%;
Described elm ear is elm ears or side handles of a utensil entities;
Described glossy ganoderma is fructification;
Described sustained release agent mainly is comprised of ferrous sulfate, copper sulphate, calcium carbonate, Sodium Metabisulfite;
The proportion of composing of described sustained release agent is as follows according to percentage by weight: ferrous sulfate 5%, copper sulphate 10%, calcium carbonate 80%, Sodium Metabisulfite 5%.
Embodiment 3: the preparation method is substantially with example 1.
Form: expanded soybean 42wt%, urea 8wt%, yeast albumen powder 6wt%, elm ear 20wt%, glossy ganoderma 15wt%, sustained release agent 6wt%; Aspergillus awamori culture 3wt%;
Described elm ear is elm ear fermentation mycelium;
Described glossy ganoderma is fructification;
Described sustained release agent mainly is comprised of ferrous sulfate, copper sulphate, calcium carbonate, Sodium Metabisulfite;
The proportion of composing of described sustained release agent is as follows according to percentage by weight: ferrous sulfate 15%, copper sulphate 15%, calcium carbonate 60%, Sodium Metabisulfite 10%.
The inventive example 1 feed addictive result of use test
Test method:
1.1 milk cow: Beijing Milk Cow Center's seed multiplication farm, select age, parity, lactation amount 60 of close as far as possible milk cows.
1.2 method
1.2.1 selection and the grouping of test milk cow: select age, parity, lactation amount to approach, 20 of the china holstein cowses of just childbirth are divided into 2 groups, 30 every group at random.
1.2.2 it is identical that test group, control group are respectively organized basal diet: the test group daily ration is daily daily ration+15% product of the present invention, and control group is daily daily ration.
1.2.3 test site and time: this test is carried out at milk cow center seed multiplication farm; Experimental period (on May 1st, 2010 was to June 30).
1.2.4 test method and feeding and management: in process of the test, the control group dairy cow diet is undertaken by original formulation.Its feed ingredient, ratio and scale of feeding are front consistent with test; Test group is added feed addictive of the present invention from a childbirth day beginning daily ration on original basis.All the other are consistent with control group.Every day 3 times, timing feeding is freely drunk water, and first feeds roughage, feeds afterwards fine fodder, milks every day 3 times.
1.2.5 mensuration project and record appetite and the health status of viewing test milk cow every day, well-documented history every bovine lactation amount every day.
2 results
2.1 search for food and health condition observe
Cow feeding amount in experimental period, health condition are normal, anomaly do not occur.The experimental group milk cow is more smooth by hair, and the growth of livestock is better.
2.2 the impact on the Lactation of Dairy Cow amount
Test group May 15, June 8, June 30 lactation amount compare with control group and see table 1 for details.
The impact that table 1, breast can change the lactating cow lactation amount for No. 1
Claims (4)
1. feed addictive that is used for milk cow, the percentage by weight of each component of feed addictive is: expanded soybean 30-50wt%,
Urea 4-9wt%, yeast albumen powder 3-8wt%, elm ear 20-30wt%, glossy ganoderma 15-25wt%, sustained release agent 2-9wt%, aspergillus awamori culture 3-6wt%;
The preparation method of described feed addictive is as follows:
After pulverizing, urea, aspergillus awamori culture, yeast albumen powder, elm ear, glossy ganoderma, sustained release agent obtain length or particle diameter less than the material of 3mm, mix above-mentioned material, carry out expanded with the expanded feed unit, swelling temperature is 100-140 ℃, bulking pressure 5.3-7.0 kilogram, be cooled to normal temperature, sieve, above-mentioned expanded material mixes with expanded soybean;
Described elm ear is elm ear solid fermentation thalline and mycoplasma;
The production process of described elm ear solid fermentation thalline and mycoplasma is as follows: seed culture: shaking table is cultivated elm ear fluid body seed; Solid fermentation: switching elm ear fluid body seed is to solid fermentation culture medium fermented and cultured; Dry; Being added with weight ratio in described solid fermentation culture medium is the pulverizing seed of cowherb of 1-3%;
Each weight percentages of components of described sustained release agent is: ferrous sulfate 5-15%, copper sulphate 10-20%, calcium carbonate 60-80%, Sodium Metabisulfite 5-10%;
Aspergillus awamori culture preparation: bacterial classification is cultivated, and solid fermentation is cultivated: spore liquid is inoculated in aspergillus oryzae solid state fermentation compost, and 26-35 ℃ is cultured to mycelia and covers with compost, and the low temperature fluidized bed drying is pulverized dry thing.
2. the production method of a kind of feed addictive for milk cow as claimed in claim 1, comprise the steps:
After pulverizing, urea, aspergillus awamori culture, yeast albumen powder, elm ear, glossy ganoderma, sustained release agent obtain length or particle diameter less than the material of 3mm, mix above-mentioned material, carry out expanded with the expanded feed unit, swelling temperature is 100-140 ℃, bulking pressure 5.3-7.0 kilogram, be cooled to normal temperature, sieve, above-mentioned expanded material mixes with expanded soybean.
3. the production method of a kind of feed addictive for milk cow as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that glossy ganoderma is ganoderma lucidum fruitbody, fermentation mycelium or glossy ganoderma solid fermentation thalline and mycoplasma.
4. the production method of a kind of feed addictive for milk cow as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that the proportion of composing of described sustained release agent according to percentage by weight is: ferrous sulfate 15%, copper sulphate 15%, calcium carbonate 60%, Sodium Metabisulfite 10%.
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| CN 201110307169 CN102406060B (en) | 2011-10-11 | 2011-10-11 | Feed additive and production method thereof |
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| CN102823735A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2012-12-19 | 福建农大菌草技术开发公司 | Application of aqueous extract of grass-cultivated ganoderma bacterium draff in dairy cow feeding |
| CN104161162A (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2014-11-26 | 许才林 | Aquatic plant yeast feed additive and production technology thereof |
| CN103330057B (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2014-07-09 | 广南(湛江)家丰饲料有限公司 | Composite feed supplement capable of effectively improving feed utilization ratio and preparation thereof |
| CN103535543A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-29 | 冯文山 | Concentrated feed for piglet growth |
| CN104286414A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-01-21 | 邵素英 | Nutritional feed additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN114145392A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-03-08 | 吉林大学 | Feed additive for improving nitrogen utilization rate of dairy cows and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1021761C (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1993-08-11 | 轻工业部食品发酵工业科学研究所 | Production method of feed complex enzyme-protein |
| CN1072452C (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 2001-10-10 | 何容开 | Feed additive and its prodn. method |
| CN100394862C (en) * | 2006-02-22 | 2008-06-18 | 中国食品发酵工业研究院 | Elm tree mushroom feedstuff addictive, its preparation method and application |
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