CN102396036B - 耐热电线用树脂组合物,及耐热电线 - Google Patents

耐热电线用树脂组合物,及耐热电线 Download PDF

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CN102396036B
CN102396036B CN201080016644XA CN201080016644A CN102396036B CN 102396036 B CN102396036 B CN 102396036B CN 201080016644X A CN201080016644X A CN 201080016644XA CN 201080016644 A CN201080016644 A CN 201080016644A CN 102396036 B CN102396036 B CN 102396036B
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堀内雄辉
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Abstract

本发明提供一种耐热电线用树脂组合物,其具有高的耐热性能和阻燃性能,并且兼备优异的耐热老化性能和与PVC的共容性。所述耐热电线用树脂组合物包括100重量份的基础树脂组分和5-20重量份的磷系阻燃剂,所述基础树脂组分包括30-55重量份的玻璃化转变温度或者熔点在180℃或以上的聚合物,15-49重量份的聚烯烃,以及21-30重量份的苯乙烯基高弹体组分。所述苯乙烯基高弹体组分包含重量百分比为30%或以下的由化学式(I)表示的苯乙烯单元。

Description

耐热电线用树脂组合物,及耐热电线
技术领域
本发明涉及一种耐热电线用树脂组合物,其也可以用于电动车。
背景技术
溴系阻燃剂、三氧化锑以及其类似物作为常规的耐热低压电线在电动车的绝缘体中被大量使用。然而,这样的绝缘物质会释放有毒气体,比如,卤素气体,因此在车辆火灾或者焚化处理时会造成环境污染问题。此外,挤压成型法生产的被覆膜只有采用电子束照射进行交联后才能表现出足够的阻热性。但是常规的耐热电线产品需要昂贵的电子束发射器和必要的电子束照射步骤,导致低产率。
在这种情况下,近年来发展了一种非交联型的用于耐热电线树脂组合物。所述树脂组合物包含一种聚苯醚材料,所述聚苯醚材料具有优异的耐热性能,并且在无卤的情况下,即不含有卤元素,也具有高的阻燃性能(专利文件1)。
专利文件2披露了一种以苯乙烯基高弹体作为聚丙烯和聚苯醚的相容性试剂的技术。
现有技术文件
专利文件
专利文件1:JP-A-11-189686
专利文件2:JP-A-2004-0161929
发明内容
技术问题
然而,上述树脂组合物在制造电线时还存在问题,其既不能满足在125℃下抵抗热老化10000小时,也不能满足在100℃下和PVC相容10000小时。
此外,被覆层硬度太高,并且电线的柔韧性不够,导致在使用时存在问题,比如,这种电线很难应用于电动车辆。
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐热电线用树脂组合物,其能够解决现有技术中存在的问题,即其具有高的耐热性和阻燃性,并且兼备优异的耐热老化性和与PVC的共容性。
解决问题的技术手段
(1)本发明为了克服上述缺陷,提供了一种耐热电线用树脂组合物,其特征在于包括100重量份的基础树脂组分和5-20重量份的磷系阻燃剂,所述基础树脂组分包括30-55重量份的玻璃化转变温度或者熔点在180℃或以上的聚合物,15-49重量份的聚烯烃,以及21-30重量份的苯乙烯基高弹体组分,所述苯乙烯基高弹体组分包含重量百分比为30%或以下的由化学式(I)表示的苯乙烯单元。
Figure BPA00001446742600021
(2)根据上述(1),本发明所述的耐热电线用树脂组合物,其中玻璃化转变温度或熔点为180℃或更高的聚合物优选为聚苯醚。
(3)根据上述(1)或(2),本发明所述的耐热电线用树脂组合物,其中聚烯烃优选为聚丙烯基聚合物,所述聚丙烯基聚合物伸张模数为1000MPa或更高。
(4)根据上述(1)-(3)任一项,本发明所述的耐热电线用树脂组合物,其中磷系阻燃剂优选为聚磷酸盐。
(5)此外,根据上述(1)-(4)任一项,本发明所述的耐热电线用树脂组合物,其中苯乙烯基高弹体组分优选为包括第一苯乙烯基高弹体和第二苯乙烯基高弹体,所述第一苯乙烯基高弹体含有重量百分比为13%或以下的由化学式(I)表示的苯乙烯单元,并且所述第二苯乙烯基高弹体含有重量百分比为29-43%的由化学式(I)表示的苯乙烯单元。
(6)本发明提供了一种耐热电线,其特征在于其含有根据上述(1)-(5)任一项所述的耐热电线用树脂组合物形成的被覆层。
发明效果
本发明提供的耐热电线用树脂组合物具有高的耐热性能和阻燃性能,并且兼备优异的耐热老化性能和与PVC的共容性,并且还具有优异的耐高温熔融的性能、耐热水性能、耐油性能、柔韧性、以及耐磨损性能。
本发明实施方案
本发明所述玻璃化转变温度或熔点为180℃或更高的聚合物的实例包括聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、聚酰胺树脂、聚碳酸酯以及热塑性聚酯树脂。优选为聚苯醚(购自Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corp.等),因为其具有符合要求的阻燃性能。
表述“玻璃化转变温度或熔点为180℃或更高”解释为所述聚合物可以是任意的玻璃化转变温度为180℃或更高,或者其熔点为180℃或更高的聚合物。当聚合物没有清楚的熔点时,只要其玻璃化转变温度为180℃或更高就可以使用。
以基础树脂组分为100重量份计,所述玻璃化转变温度或熔点为180℃或更高的聚合物在基础树脂组分中所占重量份为30-55份。当所述聚合物重量份少于30份时,阻燃性和耐高温熔融性能不能满足要求。当所述聚合物重量份超过55份时,耐油性能和耐热老化性能不能满足要求。
本发明的聚烯烃的实例包括聚丙烯基聚合物和聚乙烯基聚合物。优选为聚丙烯基聚合物,因为其具有高的熔点。所述聚丙烯基聚合物特别优选为均聚物,因为均聚物具有满足需求的耐磨损性能。
更优选的聚烯烃是伸张模数是1000MPa或以上的聚丙烯基聚合物,因为其具有高的耐磨损性能。
以基础树脂组分为100重量份计,所述聚烯烃在在基础树脂组分中所占重量份为15-49份。当所述聚烯烃重量份少于15份时,耐油性能不能满足需求。当所述聚烯烃重量份超过49份时,阻燃性能和耐高温熔融性能及其类似性能不能满足需求。
本发明所述苯乙烯基高弹体组分由一种或多种苯乙烯基高弹体组成。苯乙烯基高弹体组分中含有重量百分比为30%或以下的由化学式(I)表示的苯乙烯单元是必要的。当所述苯乙烯单元重量百分比超过30%时,耐热老化性能和柔韧性不能满足需求。苯乙烯基高弹体中苯乙烯单元的含量值可以由碳核磁共振分析测定。
Figure BPA00001446742600051
组成苯乙烯基高弹体组分的苯乙烯基高弹体更优选为应包括第一苯乙烯基高弹体和第二苯乙烯基高弹体,所述第一苯乙烯基高弹体含有重量百分比为13%或以下的由化学式(I)表示的苯乙烯单元,并且所述第二苯乙烯基高弹体含有重量百分比为29-43%的由化学式(I)表示的苯乙烯单元。这是因为所述苯乙烯基高弹体组分可具有高的耐磨损性能和柔韧性。
在这种情况下,组成所述苯乙烯基高弹体组分的第一苯乙烯基高弹体和第二苯乙烯基高弹体优选按照如下比例混合:待组成的苯乙烯基高弹体组分满足由化学式(I)表示的苯乙烯单元的含量为重量百分比30%或以下,并且所述比例的范围为重量比1∶4至4∶1(包括边界值)。
本发明所述苯乙烯基高弹体实例包括苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯/丁二烯/丁烯/苯乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯/乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯共聚物、苯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯共聚物以及苯乙烯/乙烯/乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯共聚物。优选为苯乙烯/乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯共聚物(购自Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp.等),其为完全氢化的苯乙烯基高弹体,因为这样可以满足耐热性能。顺带地,目前市场上提供的苯乙烯基高弹体的苯乙烯单元含量重量百分比为12%或以上。
以基础树脂组分为100重量份计,所述苯乙烯基高弹体在在基础树脂组分中所占重量份为21-30份。当苯乙烯基高弹体重量份少于21份时,耐热老化性能、与PVC共容性、柔韧性或其他类似性能不能得到满足。当苯乙烯基高弹体重量份超过30份时,耐油性能、耐磨损性能和其他类似性能不能得到满足。所述苯乙烯基高弹体的量优选为23-28重量份,因为可以同时兼顾耐热老化性能、与PVC共容性、柔软性和耐油性能与耐磨损性能的平衡。
除了100重量份的基础树脂组分,本发明所述耐热电线用树脂组合物还包括5-20重量份的磷系阻燃剂。当磷系阻燃剂重量份为15份或以下时,耐热水性能可以得到满足。磷系阻燃剂的实例包括聚磷酸盐、磷酸酯以及红磷。优选为聚磷酸盐(购自Ciba Japan K.K.等),因为其具有高的耐高温熔融性能。
以基础树脂组分为100重量份计,所述磷系阻燃剂的用量相对于基础树脂组分重量份如果少于5份,阻燃性能和其他类似性能不能得到满足。另一方面,磷系阻燃剂的重量份超过20份时,耐热水性能和其他类似性能不能得到满足。
除了上述必要组分外,本发明所述耐热电线用树脂组合物还可以包括以下组分,除非这些组分会减弱本发明要达到的技术效果。这些所用的其他组分的实例包括抗氧化剂、金属钝化剂、其他老化抑制剂、润滑剂、填充剂和补强剂、UV吸收剂、稳定剂、塑化剂、颜料、染料、着色剂、抗静电剂以及发泡剂。
本发明所述耐热电线用树脂组合物可以用以下方法制造。基础树脂组分单独由揉合机(kneader)、辗轮式混砂机,班布里混合机(Banburymixer),双螺杆挤压机或其他类似揉合机械进行揉合得到基础树脂。之后,将磷系阻燃剂和其他添加剂加入到基础树脂中,再次揉合。可选地,磷系阻燃剂和其他添加剂可以同时添加入基础树脂组分中进行揉合。
按照上述方法得到的本发明所述的耐热电线用树脂组合物可以按照和常规电线用树脂组合物一样的方法,进行挤压成型以形成电线的被覆层。在成型之后,被覆层无需进行电子束照射或其他方式的交联步骤。
具体实施方式
本发明提供的耐热电线用树脂组合物的具体实施方式描述如下:
<耐热电线用树脂组合物的制造>
使用如下表1所示的初始原料,耐热电线用树脂组合物通过双螺杆挤压机方法制造,其配方(按重量比计)如表2以及表3所示。
表1
Figure BPA00001446742600071
表2
表3
Figure BPA00001446742600091
<被覆电线的制造>
上述22种耐热电线用树脂组合物分别用于制备所述的被覆电线。
特别声明地,在温度为250℃条件下进行挤压成型覆盖直径0.15mm的芯线(即包含19根单丝的标准电线),从而合成的被覆层外径为1.3mm。因此,得到上述22种被覆电线。
<对被覆电线的评价>
测试了上述所得每种被覆电线的耐热老化性能、与PVC共容性能、阻燃性能、耐高温熔融性能、耐热水性能、耐油性能、柔韧性以及耐磨损性能。
<<耐热老化性能>>
所述电动车电线的耐热老化性能是指对电线的机械性能的一种测试,所述电线已在引擎室中工作10年或者已经过100000公里的里程。当电线在125℃环境下能经受10000小时,其耐受性被认为可以满足要求。在加速试验中,耐热老化性能测试是在150℃下进行900小时。
在测试之后,被覆电线通过下述方法进行评价。每根电线缠绕在具有和电线相同直径(即直径为1.3mm)的芯棒上。当被覆层在缠绕过程中没有出现裂痕时,则所述电线的耐热老化性能被认为是高,被评价为“A”。当电线缠绕在ISO-6722所述的直径的芯棒上,即直径为1.95mm的芯棒上,并且被覆层没有出现裂痕时,电线的耐热老化性能被认为可满足要求,并被评价为“B”。当电线缠绕在直径为1.95mm的芯棒上并且被覆层出现了裂痕时,该电线的耐热老化性被认为不能满足需求,并且被评价为“C”。
<<与PVC共容性>>
与PVC共容性是指电动车电线和其他组分共存时对耐热性能的一种测试评价。
按照上述方法得到的两根被覆电线和5根PVC电线一同组成电线束,所述PVC电线,每根都具有和被覆电线相同的直径,并且具有由氯乙烯树脂制成的绝缘层。所述电线束用氯乙烯制成的压力敏感胶带系紧,再经受130℃的热处理650小时(该条件相应于在100℃下加热10000小时的加速试验)。之后,被覆电线缠绕在相同直径的芯棒上。当被覆层在缠绕过程中没有出现裂痕时,所述被覆电线的与PVC共容性被认为可满足要求,并被评价为“B”。当被覆层出现裂痕时,所述被覆电线的与PVC共容性被认为是不能满足需求,并被评价为“C”。
<<阻燃性能>>
根据ISO-6722,被覆电线在垂直方向成45°角方向斜向伸展,电线和还原焰接触15秒。当电线上的火焰在70秒内熄灭时,所述被覆电线的阻燃性被认为甚至可满足对电动车电线的要求,并被评价为“B”。当电线的火焰不能熄灭时,所述被覆电线的阻燃性被认为不能满足需求,并被评价为“C”。
<<耐高温熔融性能>>
根据JASO-608的规定,耐高温熔融性能是对引擎室内的电动车电线的瞬时耐热性能的一种测试评价。
按照上述方法得到的被覆电线缠绕在相同直径的芯棒上,随后在200℃下加热30分钟,之后解开缠绕并且检查被覆层是否被融化。当被覆层没有出现融化情况时,所述被覆电线的耐高温熔融性能被认为是高,并且被评价为“A”。当被覆层在180℃下加热30分钟后没有出现融化情况时,所述被覆电线的耐高温熔融性能被认为可满足需求,并且被评价为“B”。当被覆层在180℃下加热30分钟后出现了融化情况时,所述被覆电线的耐高温熔融性能被认为是不能满足需求的,并被评价为“C”。
<<耐热水性能>>
根据ISO-6722的规定,耐热水性能是对引擎室内的电动车电线的耐水解性能的一种测试评价。
按照上述方法得到的被覆电线,每一根电线浸入85℃的氯化钠水溶液中5周(氯化钠的浓度为10g/L)。之后,每一根被覆电线通过500伏直流电压的电阻计测试其绝缘性能。当所述被覆电线的电阻为109Ω·cm或更高时,所述的耐热水性能被认为可满足需求,并被评价为“B”。当所述被覆电线的电阻小于109Ω·cm时,耐热水性能被认为是不能满足需求,并被评价为“C”。
<<耐油性能>>
根据ISO-6722的规定,耐油性能是对引擎室内的电动车电线的耐流体性能的一种测试评价。
在23℃条件下,按照上述方法得到的被覆电线,其每一根被切为长度600mm,浸入汽油20小时,并且随后缠绕在相同直径的芯棒上。随后施加1千伏的电压。当被覆层能经受该电压1分钟,所述的耐油性能被认为可满足需求,并被评价为“B”。当所述被覆电线不能经受该电压,耐油性能被认为是不能满足需求,并被评价为“C”。
<<柔韧性>>
柔韧性是指在电动车电线应用的一种测试评价。
按照上述方法得到的用于形成电线被覆层的树脂组合物,每种树脂组合物通过压缩制成厚度为2mm的薄片。所述薄片通过JISD硬度检测法检测。当薄片的硬度小于60,所述薄片被认为具有高柔韧性,并且被评价为“A”。当薄片的硬度为60或称高但不超过65,所述薄片被认为具有足够的柔软性,并且被评价为“B”。当薄片的硬度为65或以上,所述薄片被认为柔软性不能满足需求,并且被评价为“C”。
<<耐磨损性能>>
根据ISO-6722的规定,耐磨损性能是对用于电动车的电线和其他器件摩擦(刮擦特性)时的耐损耗性能的一种测试评价。
按照上述方法得到的电线切割为1m的长度。一根直径为0.25mm,负载7N的钢丝和所述电线在15.5mm的磨耗范围内磨耗。在经受至少150次磨耗后,所述电线未出现绝缘失效时,电线被认为具有高的耐磨损性能,并被评价为“A”。在经受至少100次磨耗后,所述电线未出现绝缘失效时,电线被认为具有足够的耐磨损性能,并被评价为“B”。在经受小于100次磨耗后,所述电线出现绝缘失效时,电线被认为耐磨损性能不能满足需求,并被评价为“C”。
上述评价的结果概括在表2和表3中。从表中可以看出,本发明提供的耐热电线用树脂组合物覆盖的电线具有优异的全部上述性能,包括耐热老化性能、与PVC的共容性,耐高温熔融性能、耐热水性能、耐油性能、柔韧性、以及耐磨损性能。
本申请基于申请日为2009年4月13日的日本在先申请(申请号2009-096808)和申请日为2010年2月19日的日本在先申请(申请号2010-034618),在此将其内容引入作参考。
本发明提供的所述耐热电线用树脂组合物具有高的耐热性能和阻燃性能,并且兼备优异的耐热老化性能和与PVC的共容性,并且具有耐高温熔融性能、耐热水性能、耐油性能、柔韧性、以及耐磨损性能。

Claims (6)

1.一种耐热电线用树脂组合物,其特征在于包括100重量份的基础树脂组分和5-20重量份的磷系阻燃剂,所述基础树脂组分包括30-55重量份的玻璃化转变温度或者熔点在180℃或以上的聚合物,15-49重量份的聚丙烯基聚合物或聚乙烯基聚合物,以及21-30重量份的苯乙烯基高弹体组分,所述苯乙烯基高弹体组分包含重量百分比为30%或以下的由化学式(I)表示的苯乙烯单元。
【化学式1】
Figure FSB00000923973800011
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐热电线用树脂组合物,其中所述玻璃化转变温度或者熔点在180℃或以上的聚合物是聚苯醚。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐热电线用树脂组合物,其中所述聚丙烯基聚合物伸张模数为1000MPa或更高。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐热电线用树脂组合物,其中磷系阻燃剂是聚磷酸盐。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐热电线用树脂组合物,其中苯乙烯基高弹体组分包括第一苯乙烯基高弹体和第二苯乙烯基高弹体,所述第一苯乙烯基高弹体含有重量百分比为13%或以下的由化学式(I)表示的苯乙烯单元,并且所述第二苯乙烯基高弹体含有重量百分比为29-43%的由化学式(I)表示的苯乙烯单元。
6.一种耐热电线,其特征在于含有根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的耐热电线用树脂组合物形成的被覆层。
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