CN102383395A - Ecological method for repairing concrete grating revetment of river level fluctuation zone by using plants - Google Patents
Ecological method for repairing concrete grating revetment of river level fluctuation zone by using plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN102383395A CN102383395A CN2010102702848A CN201010270284A CN102383395A CN 102383395 A CN102383395 A CN 102383395A CN 2010102702848 A CN2010102702848 A CN 2010102702848A CN 201010270284 A CN201010270284 A CN 201010270284A CN 102383395 A CN102383395 A CN 102383395A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological method for repairing the concrete grating revetment of a river level fluctuation zone by using plants, which is characterized in that Salix matsudana Koidz which can resist flooding and acid as well as alkali is selected, the provenance (namely sprout branches) is selected in the local area or similar ecological habitat, and after indoor seedling raising by cutting, seedling transplantation and outdoor seedling acclimatization, the branches are planted in the concrete grating in the river level fluctuation zone in a bag cultivation way for adaptive growth. The ecological method ensures the survival rate of planted seedlings and the nutrition requirement for growth of the seedlings in the early stage, and plays an important role in improving the ecological quality of artificial hard revetments and landscapes at the river bank zone, thus having a good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological environmental protection and administer technical field, relate in particular to a kind of with the willow in the plant (
Salix matsudanaKoidz) repair the ecological method of river level fluctuation zone concrete grid shore protection.
Background technology
For the water and soil that prevents Riparian Zone washes away, adopt sclerosis, semi-harden engineering usually or only adopt the vegetable material shore protection.The hard shore protection has destroyed the matrix of plant growing, has hindered normal the exchanging of river with the bank band land hydrology, so a little less than its ecological functions, except special situation, this kind adopts the mode of hard shore protection to be eliminated gradually.And only adopt the method for vegetable material shore protection, ecological functions are the strongest, but fast to some flow velocitys, hydrodynamic force is strong, the opposite bank band corrodes strong section, is difficult to guarantee the riverbank safe requirement.So progressively develop the shore protection form of semihard materialization in recent years, comprise the concrete grid.The concrete grid has not only satisfied the requirement of shore protection intensity, also for the growth of plant the space is provided simultaneously.But owing to the normal alkalogenic environment of concrete grid, particularly increased the weight of the degree of riverbank matrix salinization of soil, added the fluctuation of fluctuation of water table district water level, seldom had plant can adapt to the habitat in the concrete grid in the river of coastal area.
Willow in the plant (
Salix matsudanaKoidz) be that minority happiness is wetly anti-ly flooded, also anti-certain saline alkali, adaptable xylophyta has good shore protection dyke strengthening function, often is used as the vegetable material of shore protection.Because its sprouting power is strong, uses the method for cuttage or layer directly on the shale sloping bank, to cultivate usually, has good effect.But if directly cuttage is in the concrete grid; The sprouting power of transplanting is poor; Particularly have in the concrete grid of river level fluctuation zone of certain saline alkali,, add that matrix condition difference and root system are impaired by current scour because soil is washed away in the grid; The growth of seedling of sprouting is slow, survival rate is low, can not bring into play good ecoscape function.The present invention has overcome the above defective of prior art, has improved willow growth of seedlings gesture and survival rate, is a kind of enforcement effectively with the ecological method of phytoremediation river level fluctuation zone concrete grid shore protection.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of with the willow in the plant (
Salix matsudanaKoidz) repair the ecological method of river level fluctuation zone concrete grid shore protection, adopt the method for this restoration of the ecosystem not only can improve the Riparian Zone ecosystem and landscape function, also can improve the water quality and the habitat conditions in river.
The ecological method of a kind of concrete grid shore protection with phytoremediation river level fluctuation zone of the present invention is characterized in that, selects the anti-plant of flooding with salt tolerant alkali for use---willow (
Salix matsudanaKoidz), from local or similar habitat, choose provenance, after indoor raising of seedling, Nursery stock transplanting, outdoor refining seedling, bag is planted in the concrete grid of river level fluctuation zone and is carried out maintenance.
Plant described in the present invention---willow (
Salix matsudanaKoidz), the willow provenance in the endemic plant of the reinstatement works of selection plan as far as possible, as do not have local willow provenance, can select the provenance in close area, habitat (weather, edaphic condition), to improve the adaptive capacity of nursery stock to environment.Willow described in the present invention (
Salix matsudanaKoidz) be also irritate, also tall, adapt to strong xylophyta, be a kind of plant of easy cutting survival, both cold-resistant also anti-flooding also has certain salt tolerant alkalescence.Not only have good dyke strengthening effect, can also form the graceful view in riverbank.Select willow to be planted in the concrete grid of river level fluctuation zone, meet the requirement of Riparian Zone ecological reconstruction and reparation.Willow (
Salix matsudanaKoidz) be the kind of one's native land that China extensively distributes, it is cheap to draw materials, and helps through engineering approaches and uses, economical and practical, does not also have the problem of alien species invasion.
Said indoor raising of seedling is meant the branch of sprouting of choosing willow, and configuration matrix is with pack into cave dish of matrix; Be placed on the seedbed, insert the plant nursery stock in the matrix, adopt the automatic irrigation device to keep the humidity in seedbed; Relative humidity remains on the scope at 75～85 %, preferably about 80 %; Said grow seedlings be Dong Mo or the early spring bud sprout preceding, in the greenhouse, carry out, the temperature in said greenhouse is controlled at 20～25 ℃ scope.
The present invention can adopt the branch cutting breeding, also can adopt the mode of tissue culture propagation to grow seedlings in enormous quantities.Although the willow cuttage is used for the existing very long history of river shore protection, be applied to the thicker mud bank of mud matter usually.Directly cuttage is in the concrete grid of artificial substratum; Add the habitat conditions such as hydrodynamic force that change is indefinite; Not only branch takes out that to take root be minimizing, and often because of fluctuation of water table washes away, makes the young root damage; Cause germinating seedling percent and reduce greatly with growing way and weaken, be difficult to bring into play good ecoscape function.Compare with the direct cuttage cultivation of Traditional use; The program of growing seedlings of willow according to the invention not only can guarantee the time that nursery stock is used, and can cultivate the nursery stock of specification unanimity, robust growth, because the nursery stock that the present invention cultivates has grown good root system is arranged; Therefore; In migrating to the concrete grid, keep certain culture matrix again, guaranteed the compliance growth in seedling early stage, have good plant percent when having improved cultivation.
Said Nursery stock transplanting is meant that it is after the root system of 2～3cm that the nursery stock of treating willow sends 5～15 length, preferably behind the root system that sends about 10, in nutritive cube, is equipped with 1/3 nutrition soil with nursery stock transplanting in the said nutritive cube; Nursery stock is vertically put into nutritive cube, reinstalls soil fixing; Nursery stock is placed in the booth of greenhouse or temperature control, the temperature in greenhouse is controlled at 20～25 ℃ scope.
After said outdoor refining seedling is meant and treats that first bud is taken out the branch that bears 30～40cm; Nursery stock is moved on to open-air atmosphere; In earlier stage (about a week) shade with shading screen, the later stage (after the week) is carried out normal nursery stock maintenance management (comprise water, water drainage, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc.).
Said bag is planted and is meant in shop, mesh bag bottom one deck garden mould, nutrition soil, repairs the soil or the sand in district; Said willow nursery stock being decorporated implant in the mesh bag behind the nutritive cube, tighten sack, at the bottom of bag, beat the aperture that more than one diameter is 5～15mm, also can be the aperture of 10mm, and the mesh bag that nursery stock is housed is put into grid, fixes with soil or sandstone, irrigates moisture.Said bag is planted in early Febuary to mid-April and is carried out.The bag that the present invention uses is planted the method for willow nursery stock; Not only can reduce greatly since fluctuation of water table and current to the adverse effect that is caused of washing away of nursery stock and soil; The normal growth that helps nursery stock; Be particularly conducive to the primary growth of nursery stock, and have good effect resistant to lodging, can form the riverbank vegetation landscape earlier.
The present invention is a cover ecological restoring method of from cultivation of the screening of willow provenance, nursery stock and low saline alkali river level fluctuation zone concrete grid, groping to sum up in a large amount of experiments in cultivation; Can repair the ecology of low saline alkali river level fluctuation zone concrete grid shore protection quick and durablely, and form good view.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sketch map in seedling growth zone.
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of seedling growth step.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A. the plant provenance chooses
The willow of selecting for use in the present embodiment 1 (
Salix matsudanaKoidz) be a kind of plant of easy cutting survival.Select for use willow (
Salix matsudanaKoidz) time, select to intend the local willow provenance in reinstatement works area as far as possible, as do not have local willow provenance, can select the willow provenance in close area, habitat (weather, edaphic condition), to improve the adaptive capacity of nursery stock to environment.
B. grow seedlings (nursery stock through engineering approaches propagation)
(1) the cuttage branch is prepared: before sprouting, the willow plant that grows up from the field choose lifes in 2 years sturdy, no disease and pest and branch sprout branch, bandage otch with plastic sheeting, transport indoor dark and damp place preservation back, be better than most and accomplished cuttage the same day.Transplanting is trimmed to the branch that is about 10cm, keeps 3-4 bud, and cuttage bottom flat (anti-mashed) is about upper end inclination 45 degree (anti-ponding).
(2) matrix preparation and cuttage: by garden mould: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite (1:2:1) or garden mould: the peat composed of rotten mosses (1:3) is made into matrix, and the specification of packing into is the cave dish of 8 * 8cm, is puffy, places on the seedbed.4-5 branch of every cave cuttage, an end flat the cuttage branch inserts in the matrix, and an oblique end is exposed in the air, and guarantees to insert and prune branch and two buds are arranged in soil, and the length of burying is about 1/3rd of full branch.
(3) seedbed management: the time of branch cutting, this moment, ambient temperature was lower, grew seedlings and in the greenhouse, carried out usually generally at Dong Mo or before the early spring, bud was sprouted.In order to promote branch to take root, seedbed humidity keeps doing wet variation, can adopt the automatic irrigation device, and the running check root system is sprouted situation.
C. Nursery stock transplanting and management
Wait to bear 3 above root systems (length is about 2～3cm), can be with nursery stock transplanting (diameter 10cm of nutritive cube, perisporium suitably punches) in nutritive cube, the prescription of nutrition soil is a garden mould: peat composed of rotten mosses 1:1 preparation by volume adds an amount of fertilizer.In nutritive cube, packing into prepares soil, and the soil volume is about 1/3 of nutritive cube, and the specification that the slotting fringe that will take root is then vertically put into dress soil is the nutritive cube of 10 * 12cm, reinstalls soil and is fixed.The nursery stock of transplanting is placed in the booth of greenhouse or temperature control, waters sufficient moisture for the first time.Initial stage notes shading and waters, and is hestening rooting, keeps the alternation of wetting and drying state in seedbed gradually.
D. refine seedling
Treat that seedling grows 1-2 about week in greenhouse or booth; Treat that first bud takes out about living branch 30-40cm; It is moved on to open-air atmosphere refine seedling; In earlier stage (about a week) suitably shade with shading screen, the later stage (after the week) is carried out normal nursery stock maintenance management, comprise water, water drainage, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc.
E. implantation time
Be the Best Times of plantation annual early Febuary to mid-April.The state of nursery stock is that root system covers with whole nutritive cube.
F. plant method for planting
Go in the concrete grid nursery stock and soil for fear of incipient species and washed away, adopt mesh bag to adorn nursery stock by the current of constantly change.Such as, selecting mesh for use is the mesh bag of 1mm*1mm specification, the mesh bag size is 35cm*35cm, makes and can tighten sack; After the nursery stock of the nutritive cube of decorporating implanted, with garden mould or nutrition soil or on-site soil, also can be in the bottom of bag lay one deck husky, to increase the gas permeability of bottom; Tighten sack,, the bottom of nursery stock bag is beaten the aperture of some diameter 10mm with before packed seedling growth is in grid; Then the nursery stock bag is put into grid, fix with soil or sandstone all around, irrigate moisture.Like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2.
G. routine servicing main points
Note setting upright and fixing the nursery stock that is washed upside down by current; To suitably do not watered to the long period by the nursery stock that water logging does not have; In time remove and cover rubbish on the plants shoots.
Embodiment 2
Enclose in the artificial lake and diversion river course of sea formation, the concrete barrier methods is the main bank protection method of river water level fluctuation zone.Construction like Harbor, Shanghai new city.The town site of Harbor, Shanghai new city is mainly the new land that littoral beach is enclosed and cultivated formation; Enclose the sea and made up the long-pending manual work that is equivalent to the Hangzhou West Lake of the seat surface lake of dripping; Radial diversion river course is hand excavation's river around it, and the concrete grid is the main shore protection form of river water level fluctuation zone.Owing to be to reclaim fields from the sea, so its soil and surface water quality have certain saline alkali, and (the soil salinity is average about 4 ‰, and the pH value exists; Average 3.15 ‰, the pH average out to 8.82 in river) except that the herbaceous plant of minority salt tolerant alkali such as reed, the growth of xylophyta is arranged seldom.Bio-diversity and view all need improve and improve.
In the present embodiment; It at first is the provenance of selecting willow in February; The branch of from Harbor, Shanghai new city, Chen Jia town, Chongming county, three similar habitats, Nantong City, gathering willow is respectively taken back indoor, carries out cuttage and seedling culture, through observing; Wherein take from the fast and seedling quality height of root of hair speed of the seedling of Harbor new city, as main seedling source.
Through 1 month grow seedlings and refine seedling, with the willow Nursery stock transplanting of robust growth to new city diversion river course, Harbor, restoration of the ecosystem demonstration section.Before plantation, earlier the foreign material in the former concrete grid are removed, then nursery stock is replaced the plantation bag from nutritive cube, plant again in the concrete grid, can plant the 1-2 strain in the grid, vary in size and decide according to the area of grid.Except that minority, most of nursery stocks grow fine.Transplant that the willow shoot growth grows to more than the 1m after 2 months to more than the 50cm after 1 month, formed certain ecology and landscape effect.
Above-mentioned case study on implementation of the present invention is not a limitation of the present invention.Therefore, under spirit that does not deviate from inventive concept and scope, variation and advantage that those skilled in the art can expect all are included among the present invention, and are protection domain with the appending claims.
Claims (6)
1. one kind with phytoremediation river level fluctuation zone concrete grid shore protection ecological method, it is characterized in that, selects the anti-willow of flooding salt tolerant alkali for use
Salix matsudanaKoidz chooses provenance from local or similar habitat, through indoor raising of seedling, Nursery stock transplanting, outdoor refining seedling, bag is planted and in the concrete grid of river level fluctuation zone, carried out the compliance growth.
2. shore protection ecological method as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that said indoor raising of seedling is meant the branch of sprouting of choosing said willow, configuration matrix; With pack into cave dish of matrix; Be placed on the seedbed, insert the willow nursery stock in the matrix, adopt the automatic irrigation device to keep the scope of the humidity in seedbed at 75～85 %; Said grow seedlings be Dong Mo or the early spring bud sprout preceding, in 20～25 ℃ of greenhouses, carry out.
3. shore protection ecological method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, after said Nursery stock transplanting is meant and treats that nursery stock bears the root system of 5～15 length 2～3cm, nursery stock transplanting in nutritive cube, is equipped with 1/3 nutrition soil in the said nutritive cube; Nursery stock is vertically put into nutritive cube, reinstalls soil fixing; Nursery stock is placed in 20～25 ℃ the greenhouse or booth.
4. shore protection ecological method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said outdoor refining seedling moves on to open-air atmosphere with nursery stock after being meant and treating that first bud is taken out the branch that bears 30～40cm, and shade with shading screen early stage, and the later stage is carried out normal nursery stock maintenance management.
5. shore protection ecological method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said bag is planted and is meant in shop, mesh bag bottom one deck garden mould, nutrition soil, repairs the soil or the sand in district; Nursery stock decorporated implant behind the nutritive cube in the mesh bag, prick sack, at the bottom of bag, beat the more than one aperture of diameter 5～15mm, the mesh bag that nursery stock is housed is put into grid, fix, irrigate moisture with soil or sandstone.
6. shore protection ecological method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said bag is planted in early Febuary to mid-April and carried out.
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| CN2010102702848A CN102383395A (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2010-09-02 | Ecological method for repairing concrete grating revetment of river level fluctuation zone by using plants |
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| CN2010102702848A CN102383395A (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2010-09-02 | Ecological method for repairing concrete grating revetment of river level fluctuation zone by using plants |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106818277A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-06-13 | 深圳市绿九洲园林绿化有限公司 | Strand intertidal zone wind and wave resistance planting system and its construction method |
| CN113104983A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-13 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | Method for applying woody plants to water body purification and floating bed field planting device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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Application publication date: 20120321 |