CN1023750C - 一种强化养鱼的设备 - Google Patents

一种强化养鱼的设备 Download PDF

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CN1023750C
CN1023750C CN87104165A CN87104165A CN1023750C CN 1023750 C CN1023750 C CN 1023750C CN 87104165 A CN87104165 A CN 87104165A CN 87104165 A CN87104165 A CN 87104165A CN 1023750 C CN1023750 C CN 1023750C
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克里斯托哈通
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Abstract

一种强化养鱼的设备,其中,鱼槽(10)在其纵向中线上有一条凹沟(11),凹沟内装一个具垂直流道(37)的填料体(31),养鱼水会同空气一氧气混合物约30次/小时通过该垂直流道。籍附于填料体上的微生物作用,养鱼水按粘附活化污泥工艺的生物学方法净化(硝化)。按不同鱼种,鱼重每增1公斤需补充50至500升新鲜水。

Description

本发明涉及一种强化养鱼的设备,尤其涉及一种强化养鱼的鱼槽和包括几个养鱼槽的装置。该种强化养鱼的鱼槽装有向养鱼水中供入空气及/或氧气的装置,最好设计成长鱼槽。
在开放式水体内进行强化养鱼是熟知已久的做法。由于这类开放式水体内的生态平衡与日俱增地被沉积的有害物质破坏,从而使繁殖条件不断变差,因此人们转而采用人造池塘来养鱼。但这种设备的开支很大,特别是它需要新鲜水和占用地面,因此该饲养方法在经济上成为问题。这种已知方法的另一显著缺点,是水温随着昼夜的交替和季节的变换在不断地变化,鱼瘟的风险以及进入池塘的环境中的有毒物质带来的危险。
美国专利说明书US-4067809公开了一种用于养鱼设备的生物过滤器,用来对活性淤泥污水净化工艺(硝化)后的水进行净化。过滤器配置在鱼槽中。要净化的水从下向上流过过滤器。在槽中形成循环流动,通过空气升液泵效应的作用在过滤器底部供入空气而维持这一循环流动。
德国公开说明书DE-OS3226797公开了一种用一养鱼的装置,此时鱼被放养在一个氧化凹沟内,其内还进行有机杂质的分解。该氧化凹沟与一个活性淤泥-净化槽相连通,通过该槽形成一个鱼槽外的净化水循环。
日本专利公开说明书JP昭55-111738公开了一种养鱼设备,它具有一个鱼槽,在槽底有一个淤泥收集凹沟。在沟坑内配置有一些喷嘴,由喷嘴沿淤泥收集凹沟的纵向喷水,将淤泥输送到鱼槽外的净水装置内。
基于上述情况,本发明目的是要提供一种强化养鱼的设备,该设备的特点是,在结构耗费很小的情况下净化水的效率高而且工作可靠。
本发明的任务是通过采用下述具有特色的强化养鱼设备来实现。
本发明的强化养鱼设备为具有一个盛有适合养鱼水的鱼槽,该鱼槽具有一个将空气和/或氧气输入到上述养鱼水的装置和一个可用养鱼水灌注、淹没到养鱼水面的填料体,该填料体具有一个垂直流道,在其下部的端头可以将一种空气-水和/或氧气-水的混合物导入到上述流道内,该混合物在其上端可以导出到养鱼水中,其特点为设置成长槽的鱼槽沿其纵向中轴线具有一个呈凹沟状的凹陷,凹沟内配置有可用养鱼水灌注的填料体,流道的走向是从凹沟的下面区域一直延伸到接近养鱼水表面,在进入流道入口的下面设有一个输入空气或氧气的软管装置,在鱼槽后面设置有一个在其外面形成第二个养鱼水循环的装置来去除鱼槽污物和残剩饲 料,该装置经由一根与鱼槽底部区域相通的排出导管、一根回流导管和一台泵与鱼槽相连。
在一个实施例中,去除鱼槽污物和残剩饲料的装置是一个澄清槽。
在另一个实施例中,填料体由蜂窝状可连接的塑料组件构成,它们形成流道。
在又一个实施例中,输送空气的软管,最好是聚氨基甲酸乙酯软管,在填料体进入流道入口的下面开有一些孔,由鼓风机送入软管的空气经过这些孔带着周围的水一起向上流入流道。
本发明的装置的特点在于它装有从鱼槽中捞取鱼的网栅,以及澄清槽具有特别有利的设计形状以解决鱼池的杂质或残剩料问题。
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的一个典型实施例,其中:
图1是由多个平行排列的鱼槽组成的养鱼设备的平面图;
图2是图1中所示的设备中的一个澄清槽的垂直剖视图;
图3是图1中所示的装有一个填料体装置的鱼槽部分的垂直剖视图;
图4是图3中的填料体的水平剖视图;
图5是图1中所示的养鱼设备的流程示意图。
图1所示的养鱼设备由四个相邻布置的鱼槽10所组成,鱼槽是长型的,在它的纵向中线上有一条沟形的凹槽11。每个鱼槽10的后面接有一个圆形的澄清槽12,后者经由出水管13、回水管14以及泵15与其相对应的鱼槽10连接。此外,澄清槽12还经由管道16与一个污泥集中槽17相连以汇集从澄清槽中吸出的脏水和污泥。
澄清槽12位于长槽10的两个端壁之一的前面;在另一端则是一间供操作这套设备的人员使用的工作室19。在工作室19内设置一个存养槽18供存养从鱼槽10内捞出来的完成饲养的鱼。从工作室19中分隔出一间贮藏室20。工作室的一旁并有为操作人员准备的生活间21。在房屋建筑的外面建有三个喂鱼用的饲料仓22。
图2是一个带有输入和排出管道的澄清槽12的垂直剖视图。在图中左侧从鱼槽10的底部经由管子24吸出含有鱼的排泄物和残余饲料的脏水,它以顺时针的方向流入围着圆形澄清槽12内壁的一个V形环室25。在相对缓慢流动时水中的污泥向下沉降,强迫穿过澄清槽12底部中的间隙降落到澄清槽12的底部,并移动到澄清槽中心的凹坑26内。沿着这一路线,污泥流过在澄清槽12底部的供氧管路27。从管子27流出的大气中的氧气对污泥进行澄化,完成污泥活化程序的第一道步骤,即将其硝化。经管子28将污泥从凹坑中吸出并将其送入污泥集中槽17。
洁净的水从澄清槽12的上表面被吸出,一部分被一个按空气升液泵效应工作的泵29重新送回鱼槽10,另外一小部分被送入环形空间25以形成在环室25与澄清槽12内部空间之间的一股有利于将污泥从环室25排出的水流。
图3示出了在纵向中心线上具有凹沟11的鱼槽10的局部剖视图。在凹沟11底部布置着带有预应力的聚氨基甲酸乙酯软管30,它们可稍微在其纵轴线方向拉伸。软管30的向上一面开有小孔,流经软管30的空气-氧气混合物可以从这些小孔最终弥散地流出。凹沟11内在软管的上面装有一个其高度及于鱼槽10的水面的填料体31。该填料体31由蜂窝状的、可以互相连通的塑料件组成,其内部形成垂直延伸的通道。从软管30流出的弥散的空气-氧气气泡流入填料体下端的通道孔口,在空气升液泵效应的作用下带着养鱼水在填料体31垂直通道内向上流动,在到达通道上端出口时水中已富集了溶解氧,从该处水重新流回鱼槽10的左右两半。以这种方式鱼槽10中的水每小时可循环30次,同时还加入氧气,也就是说,在2分钟时间内整个鱼槽10的水都要经填料体31循环一次。而在现用的养鱼的人造池塘中的水则通常每天仅循环六次。在循环中养鱼水受到粘附于填料体31面上的微生物在粘附活化污泥工艺的作用下被一种生物学的过程所净化,即得到硝化,这样可以仅用较少的技术装备费和能源消耗就能保证养鱼水在任何时候都保持最高的清洁度。所谓“硝化”,指的是在生活于水中的微生物作用下将氨经由亚硝酸盐氧化为硝酸盐的过程。
在填料体31中的较高的水速可以防止生物在填料体内表面上生长。鱼槽10运行中生长于软管30外表面的生物植被则不时将其去除。清除植被时将预加于软管30的应力撤除,即将软管放松并暂停向管内通入空气-氧气混合物。
将填料体31夹持于凹沟11内的侧壁32约终 止于填料体的最上面第二层至第三层塑料蜂窝状构件处,这样从填料体上端流出的通气的养鱼水可以不受阻拦地向两侧流回到鱼槽10内。
在填料体31的上部有一个机械支架33。它的作用之一是固定一条滑轨34,在此润轨34与对壁上的类似的滑轨35之间垂直地挂有一幅张紧的网,网的下缘可沿着鱼槽底部的滑轨(图中未示出)移动。如不用网,也可使用最好由一定间距相隔的平行延伸的垂直杆组成的金属格栅。这样就可将网或格栅以平行于鱼槽端壁的方式向前后移动,从而将鱼集中到一个较小的空间内,便于捞出。可以有利地使用不同网宽度或不同间距的格栅,这样就可选得不同大小的鱼。这一措施对于需要按大小等级出售饲养的鱼时是特别必要的。以此法选出的待出售的鱼被养在存养槽18内,槽内的水温略低于鱼槽10内的水温。选择待出售的鱼的工作也可利用在长鱼槽10的一端另外装设一个可垂直地上、下移动的网而更方便些。
由于养鱼水在鱼槽10内作快速和频繁的循环,因此本设备所需的新鲜补充水量很少。根据不同鱼种,鱼重每增加一公斤需要的新鲜水量约为50至500升不等,亦即是在一个贮水500立方米的鱼槽中每小时的补充水约为1至10立方米,可以由一台装于养鱼设备附近的深井水泵来提供,这样被补充的水可不含重金属和氧化铁。也可使用槽中的水经处理后来代替新鲜水作为补充水,例如使用反渗透装置来进行处理,处理过的水的份额相当于上述的补充水量。重要的是,养鱼水在其循环过程中不能在任何处所或任何时候出现贫氧性。为了保持养鱼水的pH值恒定,可在澄清槽12内适当地加入石灰浆。养鱼水的温度根据不同鱼种保持在16~28℃,该温度可由鱼类代谢作用散发出的热量来维持,不需化费另外的热量。
图4示出了填料体31的断面。填料体31由互相胶合或熔合的塑料制的蜂窝状组件36组成,组件36逐层叠置,其每个蜂房形格子形成一个垂直的通道37,从软管30出来的空气-氧气混合物小气泡带着养鱼水向上流过通道37,并从其顶端流出。
整套设备中的水循环流程示意地示于图5。鱼槽10的凹沟11以及置于软管30上面的填料体31都可以清楚地从图中看出。由于前已述及的空气升液泵效应的作用,养鱼水的填料体31的辅助下以每小时约30次的频率沿着标有“50”的流程进行循环,并得到大气中氧气的溶入。另外一个流程“51”是用来将沉积着鱼的排泄物和残余饲料的养鱼水从鱼槽10的底部吸出并送到澄清槽12的环室25内,水中的脏污物在环室中按前述的方式沉积下来,经由管道16被导入污泥集中槽17内(见图1及2),在图5中则以标示流向的箭头(52)表示。经澄清的养鱼水则从澄清槽12被一台依靠前述的空气升液泵效应工作的泵29吸出,并被送到鱼槽内对应于污水吸出侧的另一边。这样可以保证澄清后的水在再度与带有脏污物的水混合吸出之前流经鱼槽10的整个长度。
因此,不论是鱼类排泄物和残余饲料的分解还是养鱼水的净化都是依靠一种生物学的过程,因此可以将整套设备置于循环再生的条件之下,这样(前已提及)就只需要很少量的新鲜补充水。又可无需外源加热。
鱼的饲养用图中未示出的自动化装置来完成,因此可以免除饲料的过多的现象,使养鱼水中残余饲料减至最少。
由于整套设备采用模块组合的结构方式,可以随时根据需要毫无困难地通过增加或减少鱼槽来适应对容量的需要。

Claims (5)

1、一种强化养鱼的设备,具有一个盛有适合养鱼水的鱼槽(10),该鱼槽具有一个将空气和/或氧气输入到上述养鱼水的装置(30)和一个可用养鱼水灌注、淹没到养鱼水面的填料体(31),该填料体具有一个垂直流道(37),在其下部的端头可以将一种空气-水和/或氧气-水的混合物导入到上述流道内,该混合物在其上端可以导出到养鱼水中,其特征在于,设置成长槽的鱼槽(10)沿其纵向中轴线具有一个呈凹沟(11)状的凹陷,凹沟内配置有可用养鱼水灌注的填料体(31),流道(37)的走向是从凹沟(11)的下面区域一直延伸到接近养鱼水表面,在进入流道(37)入口的下面设有一个输入空气或氧气的软管装置,在鱼槽(10)后面设置有一个在其外面形成第二个养鱼水循环的装置(12)来去除鱼槽污物和残剩饲料,该装置经由一根与鱼槽(10)底部区域相通的排出导管(13)、一根回流导管(14)和一台泵(15)与鱼槽(10)相连。
2、按照权利要求1的设备,其特征在于去除鱼槽污物和残剩饲料的装置是一个澄清槽。
3、按权利要求1或2的设备,其特征在于,填料体(31)由蜂窝状可连接的塑料组件(36)构成,它们形成流道(37)。
4、按权利要求1或2的设备,其特征在于,输送空气的软管(30),最好是聚氨基甲酸乙酯软管,在填料体(31)进入流道(37)入口的下面开有一些孔,由鼓风机送入软管(30)的空气经过这些孔带着周围的水一起向上流入流道。
5、按权利要求3的设备,其特征在于,输送空气的软管(30),最好是聚氨基甲酸乙酯软管,在填料体(31)进入流道(37)入口的下面开有一些孔,由鼓风机送入软管(30)的空气经过这些孔带着周围的水一起向上流入流道。
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