CN1023269C - 双电荷层电容器 - Google Patents

双电荷层电容器 Download PDF

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CN1023269C
CN1023269C CN90107702A CN90107702A CN1023269C CN 1023269 C CN1023269 C CN 1023269C CN 90107702 A CN90107702 A CN 90107702A CN 90107702 A CN90107702 A CN 90107702A CN 1023269 C CN1023269 C CN 1023269C
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electrode
layer capacitor
polarizing
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double charge
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仓林研
上屋善信
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
    • H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/66—Current collectors
    • H01G11/72—Current collectors specially adapted for integration in multiple or stacked hybrid or EDL capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
    • H01G11/80—Gaskets; Sealings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种双电荷层电容器，它具有：两个极化电极，每个极化电极包含多个彼此隔开的多孔烧结体薄板状电极单元；彼此相对而不接触地配置的表面；两个结合到电极单元另外表面上的集电极；配置在集电极之间并环绕极化电极的密封垫，该密封垫和集电极的的周边连续结合起来；以及一块插在所述极化电极之间的隔离板，用以制止电子在所述极化电极之间移动，却允许离子在其间移动。

Description

本发明涉及一种利用双电荷层原理、具有大静电电容的双电荷层电容器。
近来，已经研制出用作电子系统存储器备用电源的基于双电荷层原理的大容量电容器，并将其广泛应用于微计算机和集成电路（IC）存储器。
例如，在美国专利第3，536，963号中公开了一种双电荷层电容器。附图5表示了该公开的双电荷层电容器的结构。该双电荷层电容器含有一单个基本单元，该基本单元包含有：一对用作集电极对的电子导体的集电极30、一对用活性碳粒子制成的碳电极20、不导电的密封垫10和一块用以防止电子在电极20间移动、位于所述碳电极20间的隔离板40。碳电极20由粉末状或颗粒状活性碳和一种电解质混合的凝缩悬浮液作为糊状电极制成。该电解质执行三个功能，即作为离子导电的加速剂，离子源和碳粒子胶合剂。
减小双电荷层电容器的内阻是重要的。双电荷层电容器的内阻受形成极化电极的活性碳的接触电阻和集电极与极化电极之间的接触电阻的影响很大。
因此，为减小极化电极的内阻和集电极与极化电极间的接触电阻，每个基本单元应保持在垂直压力之下，使糊状活性碳的粒子处于良好的相互电接触状态。常规双电荷层电容所需加在每一基本单元上的压力虽然取决于电极的尺寸、碳材料粒子的尺寸或所用电解质的种类，但应保持约100kg/cm2的压强下。在先有的双电荷层电容器中，通过使电容器外壳变形或将集电极牢牢地结合于密封垫上而使该单元保持在受压状态。如果准备将一个双电荷层电容器用作大容量电容器，例 如，用以驱动马达的电源，则必须增大基本单元电极的截面面积。因此，施加于该基本单元的压力也必须增大。然而，增大压力会导致一些实际问题，诸如施加压力装置的选择和对装有基本单元的外壳的高刚性要求。
为解决上述问题，本申请人曾提出过一种双电荷电层电容器，该电容器有各自呈多孔烧结体形态的极化电极和各自由混合在基底中导电细微粒子组成的导电材料制成的集电极，该集电极被附着到所述极化电极的一个表面上，并进入该极化电极的细孔（参见日本特许公报第1（1989）-232243号）。由于将极化电极构成多孔烧结体的薄板，所以该双电荷层电容器具有很小的内电阻。如果为较大静电电容而增大该电极尺寸，因为该多孔烧结体密度小，于是就减小了它的机械强度，从而使该电极在遭受外界弯曲或扭力荷载时易于破碎。又，制备大尺寸烧结电极要求昂贵的模具，因此，还存在成本提高的问题。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种具有由在极化电极和电解质中的界面构成的双电荷层的双电荷层电容器，该双电荷层电容器具有减小的极化电极的内电阻和减小的集电极与极化电极间的接触电阻，并被安排成可防止电有的破损，并可廉价进行制作。
本发明的双电荷层电容器具有：两个极化电极，每个极化电极包含多个彼此隔开的多孔烧结体薄板状电极单元;彼此相对而不接触地配置的表面;两个结合到电极单元另外表面上的集电极;配置在集电极之间并环绕极化电极的密封垫，该密封垫和集电极的周边连续结合起来;以及一块插在所述极化电极之间的隔离板，用以制止电子在所述极化电极之间移动，却允许离子在其间移动。
本发明的上述以及其它目的、特征和优点通过下面描述并结合以图示实例的方法，表示本发明的最佳实施例的附图将变得更加明确。
图1是根据本发明一实施例的双电荷层电容器的局部截面图，
图2是沿图1的Ⅱ-Ⅱ剖线所取的截面图，
图3是双电荷层电容器的截面图，
图4是根据本发明另一实施例的双电荷层电容器的局部截面图，以及
图5是常规双电荷层电容器的截面图。
如图1、2和3所示，双电荷层电容器包含一对各自由绝缘材料制成并具有适当宽度的密封垫1a、1b，该密封垫1a、1b围绕住矩形结构的整个周边。
该双电荷层电容器具有多个各自呈多孔烧结体形态、由细微粒子活性碳通过焙烧或等离子喷涂制成的薄板状矩形电极单元2a，该电极单元2a被用作第一极化电极。由于活性碳粒子通过烧结在每个电极单元2a中都结合在一起，所以该电极单元2a具有低的内电阻。该电极单元2a由于它们性质上是多孔的故而具有广大的表面积。该电极单元2a用电解液加以浸渍。
该双电荷层电容器还具有多个各自呈多孔烧结体形态、由细微粒子活性碳通过焙烧或等离子喷涂制成的薄板状矩形电极单元2b，该电极单元2b用作第二极化电极。该电极单元2a和电极单元2b的相对表面相互不接触。该电极单元2a、2b的反向表面分别与集电极3a、3b保持接触，并电连接在一起。每一集电极3a、3b如下进行制作：将导电细微粒子混合在未硫化橡胶中作为基底，并通过热处理使所述混合物附着到电极单元上。各集电极的材料就这样渗入多孔电极单元的微孔，并使各集电极的周边缘与密封垫1a、1b的整个环形边缘紧密接触而得以紧固。
在由电极单元2a构成的第一极化电极与由电极单元2b构成的第二极化电极之间，插入一用诸如聚丙烯那样的无纺织品制成的隔离板4，用以使电极单元2a、2b相互不接触，从而制止电子在电极单元之间移 动，却允许离子在其间移动。当将电极单元和集电极的组合件相互迭加时，在所述极化电极之间安置隔离板4，并把隔离板4的外周边牢固地结合到密封垫1a、1b上。
由于构成极化电极的电极单元2a、2b是由薄板状多孔烧结体制成的，通过电极单元的活性碳存储的电荷是经由低内阻通路由集电极3a、3b加以聚集的。因此，该双电荷层电容器具有低的内电阻。所述极化电极由与集电极3a、3b并联的电极单元2a、2b构成，通过电极单元存储的电荷虽然单个的能级很小但都结合在一起。结果，该双电荷层电容器具有大的静电电容。因为极化电极的电极单元2a、2b的尺寸很小，所以即使在有外力加到电容器上时，电容器的任何变形或扭歪是小的，同时，加到电容器上的应力得以扩散和分布。因此，可使电容器防止由于受过度外力而遭损坏的情况。
图4局部地示出根据本发明另一实施例的双电荷层电容器。图4中示出的那些与图1至图3中示出的相同的部件都用相同标号予以标示，并且在下面将不加细述。在图4所示实施例中，各自呈多孔烧结体形态、由活性碳制成并用作极化电极的电极单元21a（21b）各自成形为蜂窝结构。该电极单元21a（21b）之间用小空隙加以隔开，并结合到集电极3a（3b）。该电极单元21a（21b）容纳在密封垫1a（1b）中。该电极单元用电解液加以浸渍，两个结构件用一隔离板插于其间并相互迭加呼结合，从而完成一个双电荷层电容器。
虽然示出并描述了一些最佳实施例，但应该理解，在不违背附加的权利要求范围的情况下，仍可能作出很多的变化和变型。

Claims (4)

1、一种双电荷层电容器，具有：
两个极化电极，每个极化电极处于一多孔烧结体的形态，该烧结体通过焙烧或等离子喷射活性碳细微粒子而成；
彼此相对而不接触地配置的表面；
两个结合到电极单元另外表面上的集电极；
配置在集电极之间并环烧所述极化电极的密封垫，所述密封垫和所述集电极的周边连续地结合起来；以及
一块插在所述极化电极之间的隔离板，用以制止电子在所述极化电极之间移动，却允许离子在其间移动；
其特征在于：每个极化电极包含多个彼此隔开的多孔烧结体薄板状电极单元。
2、根据权利要求1的双电荷层电容器，其特征在于每个所述电极单元具有正方形造型。
3、根据权利要求1的双电荷层电容器，其特征在于所述电极单元被安排成蜂窝状结构。
4、根据权利要求1的双电荷层电容器，其特征在于每个所述集电极包含一个用导电细微粒子混合于其中未硫化橡胶的基底，所述集电极通过对该未硫化橡胶热处理而固定到所述电极单元上。
CN90107702A 1989-09-12 1990-09-12 双电荷层电容器 Expired - Fee Related CN1023269C (zh)

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JP1236510A JPH0748464B2 (ja) 1989-09-12 1989-09-12 電気二重層コンデンサ

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KR910007013A (ko) 1991-04-30
CA2023169C (en) 1994-05-17
US5142451A (en) 1992-08-25
CN1050284A (zh) 1991-03-27
EP0417949B1 (en) 1997-05-14
EP0417949A2 (en) 1991-03-20
DE69030700T2 (de) 1997-09-04
JPH0748464B2 (ja) 1995-05-24
DE69030700D1 (de) 1997-06-19
KR100225160B1 (ko) 1999-10-15
JPH0399415A (ja) 1991-04-24
EP0417949A3 (en) 1991-05-02
CA2023169A1 (en) 1991-03-13

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