CN102325491A - 眼内透镜对准 - Google Patents

眼内透镜对准 Download PDF

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CN102325491A
CN102325491A CN201080008317XA CN201080008317A CN102325491A CN 102325491 A CN102325491 A CN 102325491A CN 201080008317X A CN201080008317X A CN 201080008317XA CN 201080008317 A CN201080008317 A CN 201080008317A CN 102325491 A CN102325491 A CN 102325491A
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aligned data
eye
pupil center
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CN102325491B (zh
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I·李维斯
K·拉缇
B·纳里波特斯基
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Alcon Research Co ltd
Alcon Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0016—Operational features thereof
    • A61B3/0025—Operational features thereof characterised by electronic signal processing, e.g. eye models
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/11—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for measuring interpupillary distance or diameter of pupils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/0008—Introducing ophthalmic products into the ocular cavity or retaining products therein
    • A61F9/0017—Introducing ophthalmic products into the ocular cavity or retaining products therein implantable in, or in contact with, the eye, e.g. ocular inserts
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    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
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    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
    • A61F2/16—Intraocular lenses
    • A61F2/1613—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus
    • A61F2/1637—Correcting aberrations caused by inhomogeneities; correcting intrinsic aberrations, e.g. of the cornea, of the surface of the natural lens, aspheric, cylindrical, toric lenses
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/0008—Introducing ophthalmic products into the ocular cavity or retaining products therein

Abstract

一种用于生成针对眼的辐射状对准向导的方法包括收集来自未扩大眼的相对于瞳孔的术前对准数据。所述方法还包括在已扩大时定位该眼的瞳孔中心。所述方法还包括将对准数据相对于瞳孔中心显示在已扩大眼的图像上。在特定实施例中，具体化为计算机可读介质的软件可由处理器执行以实现这类方法的各步骤。

Description

眼内透镜对准
相关申请
本申请要求于2009年2月19日提交的、序列号为61/153,709的临时申请和于2009年2月26日提交的、序列号为61/155,562的临时申请的优先权。
背景技术
在过去的十年中，眼外科医生已尝试各种方法以在白内障眼手术期间校正预先存在的散光，包括切开进入角膜以改变该眼的形状。现在由于复曲面眼内透镜(IOL)的独特设计，能够在不需要进一步外科介入的情况下减小或校正散光。复曲面IOL恢复天然晶状体或白内障被摘除时的眼部聚焦，但是它也被设计成使用已成功用于接触透镜的相同技术来校正预先存在的散光。
在外科手术之前，必须确定需要被校正的角膜散光的量。通常，程序如下：
1.术前检查(角膜散光测量法、角膜地形图、裂隙灯)
2.IOL定向的计算
3.IOL选择
4.根据预先计算的轴经外科手术插入复曲面IOL并对准
这类程序的成功部分取决于IOL对准的角精度。以上步骤全部都有可能引入一定程度的误差，导致散光的校正不足。然而，主要误差源是在白内障程序期间在复曲面IOL被插入患者眼前房内之后没有根据算出的角度值进行对准。这类误差例如可能归因于如下事实，即，算出的IOL角基于患者垂直坐位(术前姿势)并保持警觉时获得的测量值，而在外科手术期间患者处于发生旋转的仰卧位置并且受到局部麻醉的影响。每一度角误差可以导致复曲面IOL散光校正3.3％的损失。因此10°的误差可以导致复曲面IOL的影响减小33％，这相当于使用没有散光校正的球面透镜。
为了避免由于旋转影响而产生的误差，目前有若干技术使用子午线和在术前检查期间预先计算的IOL对准轴来标记眼部。这些技术典型地需要外科医生利用标记器或穿刺装置将参考标记置于角膜缘处的3点和9点子午线处。由标记器得到的标记可能是不精确的，并且可能冲走或漂移。此外，穿刺角膜是有创的并且具有感染和/或其他负作用的相当大的风险。
发明内容
在本发明的某些实施例中，一种用于生成针对眼的辐射状对准向导的方法包括收集来自未扩大眼的相对于瞳孔的术前对准数据。所述方法还包括在已扩大时定位该眼的瞳孔中心。所述方法还包括将对准数据相对于瞳孔中心显示在已扩大眼的图像上。在特定实施例中，具体化为计算机可读介质的软件可由处理器执行以实现这类方法的各步骤。
在其他实施例中，一种用于生成针对眼的辐射状对准向导的系统包括存储器、处理器和显示器。所述存储器可操作以存储来自未扩大眼的相对于瞳孔的术前对准数据。所述处理器可操作以在已扩大时定位该眼的瞳孔中心。所述显示器可操作以将对准数据相对于瞳孔中心显示在已扩大眼的图像上。
附图说明
可以参考以下附图理解本发明，其中：
图1显示了根据本发明特定实施例的具有辐射状覆盖的眼的图像。
图2显示了根据本发明另一实施例的用于辐射状网格覆盖的备选配置，其带有用户提供的辐射状测量。
图3显示了根据本发明另一实施例的用于辐射状网格覆盖的备选配置，其带有用户提供的辐射状测量。
图4是根据本发明特定实施例的外科系统的框图。
图5是示出根据本发明特定实施例的生成外科显示的示例性方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
在本发明的各种实施例中，通过提供一种精确的辐射状网格或对准向导帮助外科医生放置透镜来改善用于白内障手术的复曲面眼内透镜(IOL)对准。裂隙灯显微镜可被用于获得眼的图像，并且包括辐射状网格、透镜对准向导和/或用于旋转对准的其他基准的图像覆盖可以以任何合适的形式被提供作为外科手术向导，所述形式包括计算机显示，显示信息的眼印刷图像，或在该程序期间直接投影到眼上。
根据本文所述的各种方法和系统，辐射状网格居中于瞳孔中心并且覆盖在眼的图像上(或在一个实施例中直接覆盖在眼上)。瞳孔中心例如可以使用任何合适的中心查找图像处理技术自动定位，或通过点击计算机接口等手动定位。例如，可以使用各种图像分析技术来定位所述瞳孔中心，这些技术包括但不限于在Gray等人在美国专利No.5,740,803中所述的技术，上述专利通过引用被合并于本文中。网格可以包括垂直和水平子午线以及具有任何合适精度的标度。在用户接口内，可以选择角测量值并且在网格上将其标记到该眼的各种特征，例如血管、虹膜特征或任何其他合适的基准。网格也可以包括对准向导，后者显示在外科手术程序之前算出的IOL透镜的正确旋转定向。通过计算相对于例如垂直子午线的角度，可以在辐射状网格中显示精确向导以供外科医生使用。
图1显示了具有辐射状覆盖的眼的图像。如图所示，水平子午线穿过0度和180度，并且垂直子午线穿过正负90度。82.5度角已被标记作为到由外科医生等选择的某一眼特征的参考角，并且156度角被描绘用于对准复曲面眼内透镜(在本文中通常也被称为透镜)。
如下描述用于对准透镜的系统和方法的其他方面。在使用裂隙灯显微镜的实施例中，合适的摄像机可以通过分束器被安装在裂隙灯显微镜上。摄像机可以使用诸如USB、FireWire或GigE端口的连接器连接到具有图像采集硬件的计算机。实时显示可以被启动，并且摄像机可以被对准使得摄像机视野的水平轴与裂隙灯的水平裂隙对准。可以在患者垂直坐位的情况下捕捉高品质图像，并且软件可以尝试自动定位瞳孔的中心点。软件也可以包括手动瞳孔定位工具。一旦限定瞳孔的中心点，软件可以覆盖辐射状网格，其中心位于例如如图1中所示的该点上。由于摄像机可旋转地与裂隙灯校准，辐射状网格的0至180°轴将与眼的3和9点子午线重合。软件还可以具有提供如下的能力：
·根据通过角膜散光测量法计算的角度值覆盖复曲面IOL的轴。复曲面IOL的轴将穿过标度盘的中心并且角度值将参考被覆盖的标度盘的0至180°轴(参见图1中具有角度值156度的线)。
·覆盖穿过标度盘中心的轴和外科医生在眼虹膜周围或角膜缘血管上选择作为基准标记的其他解剖学标志。软件将显示每一个这些参考点旁的角度值(参见图1中具有角度值82.5度的线)。
软件也可以用左眼或右眼标识以及眼颞侧或鼻侧(参见图1中的字母“R”和“T”)来标识图像。
经处理的图像可以存储在计算机的硬盘驱动器、可移除存储器上或存储在医疗设施的患者数据库中。外科医生可以检索图像并且在手术室内在高品质照片中或在监视器上显示具有覆盖的图像，或者可以使用合适的投影仪将覆盖直接投影到患者眼。
基于被覆盖的基准点的轴，外科医生可以精确地放置确定复曲面IOL插入的外科分度器，而不考虑旋转的影响。分度器一与实际的眼子午线对准，外科医生就能够进行根据算出的角度值的复曲面IOL对准。图2和图3示出了辐射状覆盖的备选布置，其带有用户提供的测量值和/或透镜对准信息。
该方法通过如下解决了用于白内障手术的IOL对准过程中的若干误差源：
a.提供用于摄像机与裂隙灯显微镜精确对准的机制
b.基于图像分析提供瞳孔中心的精确定位
c.在手术期间通过根据实际眼子午线引导外科医生放置分度器并由此生成精确的角参考系而能够实现分度器的精确放置。
以上所述的方法或过程及其步骤可以在适合于特定应用的硬件、软件或它们的任何组合中实现。
图4是根据本发明特定实施例的用于生成外科显示的系统100的框图。系统100包括具有处理器104的控制台102。处理器104可以是一个或多个微处理器、微控制器、嵌入式微控制器、可编程数字信号处理器或其他可编程器件，并连同内部和/或外部存储器106。处理器104也可以或替代地体现为专用集成电路、可编程门阵列、可编程阵列逻辑或可以被配置为处理电子信号的任何其他器件或器件的组合。存储器106可以是任何合适形式的数据存储装置，包括易失性的或非易失性的电子、磁或光存储器，所述存储器包括代码108，后者包括由处理器104执行的指令。还将领会可以使用可以被存储、编译或解释以在以上器件、处理器、处理器体系结构的异构组合或不同硬件和软件的组合之一上运行的结构化编程语言(例如C)、面向对象编程语言(例如C++)或任何其他高级或低级编程语言(包括汇编语言、硬件描述语言和数据库编程语言和技术)来创建计算机可执行代码108。
在图4所示的实施例中，系统100还包括用于在外科手术期间观察眼的显示器108和显微镜110。显示器108可以包括用于生成针对眼的对准向导的任何合适的输出设备，包括打印机、视频显示器或光投影仪。在特定的实施例中，显示器108可以耦接到显微镜110使得图像被投影到显微镜的视野中。显微镜110可以是用于视觉检查眼的任何合适的工具，其可以包括电子和/或光视图。包括本文中所述的任何例子的各种其他合适的部件也可以代替系统100的部件。
图5是示出根据本发明特定实施例的用于生成包括辐射状对准向导的外科显示的示例性方法的流程图200。在步骤202，收集来自未扩大眼的相对于瞳孔的术前对准数据。在步骤204，眼已被扩大。在步骤206，定位瞳孔中心。可以手动地(例如通过使用定点设备)或自动地(例如通过图像分析软件)定位瞳孔中心。在步骤208，将对准向导相对于瞳孔中心显示在已扩大眼的图像上。该对准向导可以对应于本文所述的各种实施例中的任一实施例。
因此，在一个方面，上述的每一种方法及其组合可被具体化为计算机可执行代码，当在一个或多个计算机设备上执行时，所述计算机可执行代码执行所述方法的各步骤。在另一个方面，所述方法可被具体化为执行其各步骤的系统，并且可以以许多方式分布在设备上，或者所有功能性可以被整合到专用、独立设备或其他硬件中。在另一个方面，用于执行与上述过程相关联的各步骤的手段可以包括上述硬件和/或软件中的任何一种。所有这样的排列和组合应当属于本公开的范围内。
尽管已结合详细显示和描述的优选实施例公开了本发明，但是本领域的技术人员将显见对其进行的各种修改和改进。

Claims (23)

1.一种用于生成针对眼的辐射状对准向导的方法，包括：
收集来自未扩大眼的相对于瞳孔的术前对准数据；
在已扩大时定位该眼的瞳孔中心；以及
将对准数据相对于瞳孔中心显示在已扩大眼的图像上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中显示对准数据包括显示辐射状网格。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中显示对准数据包括相对于该眼显示至少一个子午线。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，还包括相对于所述子午线对准分度器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中显示对准数据还包括显示辐射状网格。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中定位瞳孔中心包括手动移动定点设备以定位眼中心。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中定位瞳孔中心包括使用图像分析软件自动定位瞳孔中心。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中显示对准数据包括显示复曲面眼内透镜的圆柱轴。
9.一种用于生成针对眼的辐射状对准向导的系统，包括：
存储器，其可操作以存储来自未扩大眼的相对于瞳孔的术前对准数据；
处理器，其可操作以在已扩大期间定位该眼的瞳孔中心；以及
显示器，其可操作以将对准数据相对于瞳孔中心显示在已扩大眼的图像上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的系统，其中对准数据的显示包括辐射状网格。
11.根据权利要求9所述的系统，其中对准数据的显示包括相对于该眼的至少一个子午线的显示。
12.根据权利要求9所述的系统，还包括被配置为相对于所述子午线对准的分度器。
13.根据权利要求9所述的系统，其中对准数据的显示包括辐射状网格。
14.根据权利要求9所述的系统，还包括手动可移动以向所述处理器指示瞳孔中心的定点设备。
15.根据权利要求9所述的系统，其中所述处理器可操作以使用图像分析软件定位瞳孔中心。
16.根据权利要求9所述的系统，其中对准数据的显示包括复曲面眼内透镜的圆柱轴。
17.具体化为计算机可读介质的软件，所述软件可由处理器执行以实现以下步骤：
收集来自未扩大眼的相对于瞳孔的术前对准数据；
在已扩大时定位该眼的瞳孔中心；以及
将对准数据相对于瞳孔中心显示在已扩大眼的图像上。
18.根据权利要求17所述的软件，其中显示对准数据包括显示辐射状网格。
19.根据权利要求17所述的软件，其中显示对准数据包括相对于该眼显示至少一个子午线。
20.根据权利要求17所述的软件，其中显示对准数据还包括显示辐射状网格。
21.根据权利要求17所述的软件，其中定位瞳孔中心包括接收来自定点设备的瞳孔中心的指示。
22.根据权利要求17所述的软件，其中定位瞳孔中心包括使用图像分析软件自动定位瞳孔中心。
23.根据权利要求17所述的软件，其中显示对准数据包括显示复曲面眼内透镜的圆柱轴。
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