CN102323394B - Experimental apparatus and method for researching response characteristic of natural gas hydrate stratum to drilling fluid intrusion - Google Patents
Experimental apparatus and method for researching response characteristic of natural gas hydrate stratum to drilling fluid intrusion Download PDFInfo
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- CN102323394B CN102323394B CN201110242531.8A CN201110242531A CN102323394B CN 102323394 B CN102323394 B CN 102323394B CN 201110242531 A CN201110242531 A CN 201110242531A CN 102323394 B CN102323394 B CN 102323394B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental apparatus and a method for researching response characteristics of natural gas hydrate stratum to drilling fluid intrusion. The apparatus comprises a drilling fluid cycling mechanism, a high and low constant temperature experiment box, a gas permeability mechanism, a water / gas injection mechanism, a confining pressure tracking mechanism, a back pressure mechanism, a detection mechanism, an outlet metering mechanism, a rock core transferring mechanism, a sampling mechanism and an industrial control computer. The experimental methods based on the apparatus comprise an experimental method for hydrate deposit gas permeability, an experimental method for intrusion of drilling fluid to hydrate deposit and dynamic monitoring of response characteristics of the hydrate deposit during the intrusion process, and a method for fidelity transferring of hydrate deposit core. The invention provides an early stage indoor research on response characteristics of natural gas hydrate stratum to drilling fluid intrusion, so as to master influence rules of the drilling fluid intrusion on hydrate stratum physical properties, realize simulating fidelity transferring of a sample containing hydrate deposit and provide basis for future hydrate stratum exploitation and drilling safety and logging accuracy interpretation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of researching natural gas hydrate formation and drilling fluid is invaded to experimental provision and the experimental technique of response characteristic.
Background technology
Gas hydrate have the features such as energy density is high, distribution is wide, reserves are large, are a kind of very potential novel substitute energys.But on the sky of hydrate exploration and Application and Development, also exist so far reservoir quantitative description inadequate, production technique does not pass a test and the problem of Application and Development risk not little " three black clouds ".Owing to being to have infiltrative Porous Media containing natural gas hydrate stratum, in drilling process inevitably can there is energy and mass exchange with it in drilling fluid, thereby affect wellbore stability, log response and evaluating reservoir.At overvoltage drilling well and drilling fluid temperature higher than hydrate phase balance temperature herein in the situation that, the gas hydrate dissociation that water-base drilling fluid displacement is invaded containing heat causes under natural gas hydrate stratum and the temperature difference is coupled, and its process is a non-isothermal unsteady seepage diffusion process that comprises phase transformation.Only adopt common method for numerical simulation to have the shortcomings such as the hypothesis of model and simplification, cannot react really and accurately actual conditions, add that the activity of field water hydrate formation actual well drilled is few, and operating difficulties, cost be high, have a big risk, and situation is often invisible in actual well drilled process hole, adopt actual logging mode to infer that all reservoir situations of well also exist many uncertainties.Therefore people have also carried out some indoor simulation experiment study, some experimental provisions have been designed, set up the method for some experiments, such as once disclosing in domestic < < geology > > 3 phases in 2008 in modern times " methane hydrate decomposable process simulation experiment study ", adopt the method for experimental simulation to carry out the research of methane hydrate resolution ratio, in experiment, adopted and waited the characteristics of decomposition of holding heat up the method research hydrates such as decomposition and the decomposition of different-grain diameter porous medium system normal pressure; State Intellectual Property Office discloses " the three-dimensional exploitation physical property test experience device that generates of a kind of gas hydrate " in June, 2011, application number is 201010603251.0, this device can accurately be measured physical property while exploiting and change, and in the time of generating and exploit for the various hydrates of synthetic study, hydrate is hidden inner Basic Physical Properties variation.But the weak point of above-mentioned experimental provision and method is only can be for the simulation experiment study of hydrate recovery process, and drilling well activity and the drilling fluid thereof ignored in hydrate exploration and recovery process are invaded the impact on hydrate formation.Therefore the dynamic response characteristic that, research hydrate formation is invaded drilling fluid is significant to realizing hydrate exploratory development safely and efficiently.
For above-mentioned condition, in hydrate formation drilling well, first carrying out simulating lab test research is in earlier stage a kind of rational selection, be necessary by setting up a kind of experimental provision and experimental technique that can comprehensive simulation indoor, the dynamic response characteristic that systematic study hydrate formation is invaded drilling fluid, for the safe and efficient exploratory development of hydrate is from now on provided fundamental basis and experiment instruction.
Summary of the invention
Object one of the present invention be to provide a kind of can synthetic study natural gas hydrate stratum drilling fluid is invaded to the experimental provision of response characteristic, the 2nd, in the researching natural gas hydrate formation providing, drilling fluid is invaded on the experimental provision basis of response characteristic a set of complete experimental technique is provided.
The present invention in order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of taking is: provide a kind of hydrate formation of studying drilling fluid to be invaded to the experimental provision of response characteristic, comprise circulation of drilling fluid mechanism, high low temperature constant temperature experiment, perm-plug method mechanism, water/gas injecting mechanism and industrial computer, be also provided with core fidelity transfer device, ring pressure follower, back pressure mechanism, testing agency, outlet metering mechanism, sampling mechanism;
Described circulation of drilling fluid mechanism consists of the well head annular space chamber of drilling fluid basin, temperature controller, circulation of drilling fluid Beng He physical model mechanism, temperature controller is controlled drilling fluid temperature, and drilling fluid circulates in the hydrate sediment penetrating in rock core fastener in the well head annular space chamber of circulation of drilling fluid pumping action Xia physical model mechanism;
Described high low temperature constant temperature experiment is the constant temperature experiment able to programme that an industrial computer is controlled, in experimental box, be provided with physical model mechanism, at physical model mechanism left end, be provided with drilling fluid well head annular space chamber, top is provided with a sampling spot, infrared camera is arranged on the pulley track in experimental box, aim at physical model mechanism axis, and can move left and right; In physical model mechanism, be provided with rock core fastener, left end cap and right end cap are established in the rock core fastener left and right sides, and test core is placed in rock core fastener, rock core fastener axially on be provided with the measuring point of resistivity, pressure, temperature; Physical model mechanism is connected with perm-plug method mechanism, water/gas injecting mechanism, sampling mechanism by its top, bottom and the high pressure line of end and the valve of controlled pressure, tensimeter; The sensor at 10 erect-position measuring point places in physical model mechanism is controlled and is connected with measuring mechanism with pressure survey mechanism, resistivity measurement mechanism and temperature in testing agency with pressure duct by signal wire respectively; While shifting the hydrate sediment core forming in rock core fastener, rock core fastener right-hand member is connected with core fidelity transfer device realize and shifts;
The nitrogen pipeline that three cover different osmotic power are contained in described perm-plug method mechanism, the perviousness of testing respectively high, medium and low three kinds of permeability hydrate sediments; Described water/gas injecting mechanism comprises liquid water injecting mechanism and CH
4gas inject mechanism, liquid water injecting mechanism is comprised of constant-flux pump and piston container; CH
4gas inject mechanism comprises CH
4gas cylinder, reduction valve, gas boosting pump and gas meter, control the CH that enters physical model mechanism by gas meter
4gas flow, realizes the synthetic of different saturation hydrate sediment in rock core fastener;
Described ring presses follower to press tracking pump and pressure transducer to form by encircling, and follows the tracks of ring in physical model mechanism and presses the pressure differential in chamber and rock core fastener inner chamber;
Described back pressure mechanism is comprised of check valve, back pressure buffer container and backpressure pump; Pressure survey mechanism, resistivity measurement mechanism, flow quantity detection mechanism, temperature control and measuring mechanism are contained in described testing agency;
Described outlet metering mechanism is comprised of gas-liquid separator, mass-flow gas meter and electronic balance; Described sampling mechanism adopts manual pump and piston sampler, equal pressure in the pre-Zeng Ruyiyu physical model of the left end mechanism of the piston of piston sampler, then realize isobaric sampling by moving back pump;
Described industrial computer moves under Windows2000 or XP environment, adopts VB programming, and the acquisition and processing to various pressure, temperature, resistivity, gas volume, liquid volume numerical value, controls the operation of each mechanism in good time.
Experimental provision of the present invention, described rock core fastener is evenly arranged 10 erect-position measuring points on it is axial, is separately installed with 10 pressure transducer C, 10 temperature sensors and 10 resistivity sensors.
Experimental provision of the present invention, described rock core fastener specification is φ 50mm, length 1200mm, test core φ 50mm, length 500～1200mm, test core length is not enough, and 1200mm partly mends length by false core, and test core can adopt natural core or artificial cores.Described false core is mended long referring to when test core length can not fill up whole rock core fastener, utilizes false core that rock core fastener build-in test core is mended and grown to 1200mm to fill up whole rock core fastener.Described false core core as false in the one-tenth hollow cylinder of stainless steel material system.
Experimental provision of the present invention, described core fidelity transfer device is comprised of outer chamber, inner chamber body, piston, manual pump, ring chamber, temperature controller, pressure controller, packing plate and joint, outer chamber contains inner chamber body, inner chamber body one end is provided with piston, the other end is provided with packing plate, joint is contained in packing plate outside, and pressure controller is connected with inner chamber body, and temperature controller is connected with ring chamber.
In order to reach second object of the present invention, a kind of experimental technique of response characteristic that described experimental provision is invaded drilling fluid for researching natural gas hydrate formation is provided, include hydrate sediment gas permeability test experiments method, the experimental technique of drilling fluid to hydrate sediment dynamic response characteristic monitoring in the intrusion of hydrate sediment and invasion procedure; Hydrate sediment core fidelity transfer method; Described hydrate formation gas permeability test experiments method, is divided into basic, normal, high three kinds of different permeability hydrate sediment testing permeability experimental techniques, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) step of described low-permeability hydrate sediment testing permeability experimental technique:
A. water filling: the liquid water in liquid water reservoir vessel by constant-flux pump in piston container A is injected the test core of rock core fastener;
B. gas injection: liquid water is opened CH after injecting and finishing
4gas cylinder, CH
4gas, through reduction valve, is worked as CH
4gaseous tension during required pressure, is opened the supercharging of gas boosting pump lower than experiment, and gaseous tension is shown by tensimeter D, flows through valve 5.;
C. select hyposmosis gas injection pipeline, CH
4gas through valve 6., valve 7., the hyposmosis pipeline that forms of Low-flow meter, enter in rock core fastener and test core, in core to be tested, pressure reaches set pressure 8～12MPa and keeps stopping gas injection after 2～3 hours;
D insulation: regulate and test core in the temperature ，Shi physical model mechanism of high low temperature constant temperature experiment under 4 ℃ of constant temperatures standing 12～20 hours, form the hydrate sediment of low-permeability in rock core fastener;
E. perm-plug method: carry out hypotonic experiment, now valve 1., valve 7., 6. valve open, other valve closing, open nitrogen cylinder A, in bottle, nitrogen enters physical model mechanism through high-pressure pressure regulating valve B pressure regulation to 4MPa, gas infiltrates pressure and is shown by tensimeter E, tests the permeability of low-permeability hydrate sediment by Low-flow meter;
(2) step of described middle perviousness hydrate sediment testing permeability experimental technique:
Step a, b are identical with low-permeability hydrate sediment experimental technique;
C. in selecting, permeate gas injection pipeline, CH
4gas through valve 8., the middle infiltration pipeline that 9. forms of middle flowmeter and valve, to testing core in rock core fastener, inject CH
4gas, in core to be tested, pressure reaches set pressure 8～12MPa and keeps stopping gas injection after 2～3 hours;
D. insulation: regulate and test core in the temperature ，Shi physical model mechanism of high low temperature constant temperature experiment under 4 ℃ of constant temperatures standing 12～20 hours, infiltrative hydrate sediment in forming in rock core fastener;
E. perm-plug method: ooze experiment in carrying out, now valve 2., valve 3., valve 8., 9. valve open, other valve closing, in nitrogen cylinder B gas first through high-pressure pressure regulating valve A pressure regulation to 4MPa, gaseous tension shows by tensimeter A, then through in press pressure regulator valve pressure regulation to 0.6MPa, gas infiltrates pressure and is shown by tensimeter B, then enter physical model mechanism, by the permeability of perviousness hydrate sediment in middle testing flow meter;
(3) step of described high osmosis hydrate sediment testing permeability experimental technique:
Step a, b are identical with low-permeability hydrate sediment experimental technique;
C. select high infiltration gas injection pipeline, CH
4gas through valve 10., valve
, the high penetration pipe road that forms of high flow capacity meter, to testing core in rock core fastener, inject CH
4gas, in core to be tested, pressure reaches set pressure 8～12MPa and keeps stopping gas injection after 2～3 hours;
D. insulation: regulate and test core in the temperature ，Shi physical model mechanism of high low temperature constant temperature experiment under 4 ℃ of constant temperatures standing 12～20 hours, form the hydrate sediment of high osmosis in rock core fastener;
E. perm-plug method: carry out height and ooze experiment, now valve 2., valve 4., valve 10., valve
open, other valve closing, in nitrogen cylinder B gas through high-pressure pressure regulating valve A pressure regulation to 4MPa, gaseous tension is shown by tensimeter A, in warp, presses pressure regulator valve pressure regulation to 0.6MPa, and gaseous tension is shown by tensimeter B, again through low pressure regulating pressure valve pressure regulation to 0.2MPa, gas infiltrates pressure and is shown by tensimeter C, enters physical model mechanism, by the permeability of high flow capacity instrumentation examination high osmosis hydrate sediment.
A kind of drilling fluid of the present invention is as follows to the experimental technique step of hydrate sediment dynamic response characteristic monitoring in the intrusion of hydrate sediment and invasion procedure:
(1) described hydrate sediment comprises that utilization test core, as the synthetic hydrate sediment of framework material, is placed in the in-house core holding unit of physical model;
(2) intrusion of drilling fluid to hydrate sediment: the drilling fluid in drilling fluid storage tank regulates and to reach after 0～50 ℃ of experiment demand temperature through temperature controller, by circulation of drilling fluid pump, enter the well head annular space chamber of physical model mechanism, and circulate therein, drilling fluid is gradually in irruptive rock core holder in hydrate sediment;
(3) dynamic response of monitoring in invasion procedure: respectively by axially uniform and be fixed on 10 temperature sensors on physical model structure top and 10 pressure transducer C and test the temperature and pressure of hydrate sediment in invasion procedure and change along rock core fastener; By along the axially uniform and variation of being fixed on hydrate sediment resistivity in 10 resistivity sensors test invasion procedures of physical model mechanism bottom of rock core fastener;
(4) infrared observation: observe Temperature Distribution and the variation of hydrate sediment in rock core fastener in physical model mechanism by the phase of infrared camera scanning being arranged on pulley track, analyze the dynamic invasion procedure of drilling fluid and decomposition of hydrate region;
(5) sampling is analyzed and researched: during sampling operation with wobble pump B to piston container B left end increase in advance one with pressure identical in rock core fastener, the joint of piston container B is connected to the sample connection of physical model mechanism, after connecting, wobble pump B is moved back to pump and process, by the sample sucker container B in rock core fastener;
(6) software of the industrial computer on application apparatus establishment carries out the collection of various data, forms database, analyzes and shows the response characteristic that gas hydrate sediment is invaded drilling fluid.
The experimental technique of response characteristic of drilling fluid being invaded for researching natural gas hydrate formation of the present invention, described hydrate sediment core fidelity transfer method step is as follows:
(1) unload the right end cap of rock core fastener, the joint of core fidelity transfer device is connected with physical model mechanism right-hand member;
(2) by temperature controller, regulate the temperature in ring chamber between core fidelity transfer device outer chamber and inner chamber body to reduce the temperature of inner chamber body inside, by pressure controller, to regulate the pressure of inner chamber body inside;
(3) when inner chamber body internal temperature, pressure and rock core fastener internal temperature, pressure are identical, open packing plate, by manual pump regulating piston, make hydrate sediment core under the condition of heat-insulation pressure keeping, enter core fidelity transfer device;
(4) close the packing plate in core fidelity transfer device, unload linking of core fidelity transfer device and physical model mechanism, the fidelity of realizing hydrate sediment shifts.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) in view of at present domestic experimental provision and the experimental technique of a set of synthetic study hydrate formation to drilling fluid intrusion response characteristic that there is no, the present invention can make up the deficiency of this respect well, the experimental provision of exploitation and method are carried out hydrate formation and drilling fluid are invaded to the experimental study of response characteristic, for the safe and efficient exploratory development of hydrate is from now on provided fundamental basis.
(2) the present invention can test the permeance property containing hydrate formation, grasps hydrate formation permeability and saturation degree relation and water and thing and decomposes the impact on zone permeability.
(3) the present invention combines infrared viewing technology in drilling fluid invasion procedure with physical parameter monitoring, the dynamic response characteristic that comprehensive evaluation hydrate sediment is invaded drilling fluid.
(4) the present invention can utilize core fidelity transfer device to realize hydrate sediment synthetic in rock core fastener is shifted to aftertreatment, carries out the association study of the intrusion of hydrate sediment drilling fluid and mechanical property.
(5) the present invention can be used for hydrate scientific experiment and the research of related scientific research institutes, for field natural gas hydrate exploration and exploitation provide experimental provision and the technical service of safety drilling research.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that researching natural gas hydrate formation of the present invention is invaded the experimental provision structural representation of response characteristic to drilling fluid.Fig. 2 is core fidelity transfer device structural representation of the present invention.
In above-mentioned figure: 1-temperature controller, 2-drilling fluid storage tank, 3-valve 7., 4-high-pressure pressure regulating valve B, 5-valve 1., 6-nitrogen cylinder A, 7-Low-flow meter, 8-tensimeter E, 9-tensimeter A, 10-high-pressure pressure regulating valve A, 11-valve 2., press in 12-nitrogen cylinder B, 13-pressure regulator valve, 14-tensimeter B, 15-valve 3., 16-valve 4., 17-low pressure regulating pressure valve, 18-tensimeter C, 19-valve 6., 20-valve 8., 21-gas boosting pump, 22-tensimeter D, 23-valve 5., 24-CH
4gas cylinder, 25-reduction valve, 26-valve 10., in 27-flowmeter, 28-high flow capacity meter, 29-valve 9., 30-valve
, 31-liquid water reservoir vessel, 32-constant-flux pump, 33-piston container A, 34-left end cap, 35-rock core fastener, 36-ring is pressed chamber, 37-tests core, 38-resistivity sensor, 39-pressure transducer A, the high low temperature constant temperature experiment of 40-(abbreviation experimental box), 41-ring is pressed and is followed the tracks of pump, 42-physical model mechanism, 43-electronic balance, 44-right end cap, 45-gas-liquid separator, 46-mass-flow gas meter, 47-pressure transducer B, 48-wobble pump A, 49-check valve, 50-back pressure buffer container, 51-tensimeter G, 52-tensimeter F, 53-pressure transducer C, 54-temperature sensor, 55-infrared camera, 56-wobble pump B, 57-piston container B, 58-sample tap, 59-well head annular space chamber, 60-pulley track, 61-circulation of drilling fluid pump, 62-outer chamber, 63-temperature controller, 64-inner chamber body, 65-piston, 66-manual pump, 67-ring chamber, 68-pressure controller, 69-packing plate, 70-joint.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1: a kind of researching natural gas hydrate formation of the present invention is invaded the experimental provision of response characteristic to drilling fluid, its structure is as Fig. 1.Comprise circulation of drilling fluid mechanism, experimental box, core fidelity transfer device, perm-plug method mechanism, water/gas injecting mechanism, ring pressure follower, back pressure mechanism, testing agency, outlet metering mechanism, sampling mechanism and industrial computer.
Described circulation of drilling fluid mechanism, the well head annular space chamber 59 that comprises temperature controller 1, drilling fluid storage tank 2 and circulation of drilling fluid Beng61He physical model mechanism 42, drilling fluid basin 2 volume 1000mL wherein, temperature is controllable between room temperature is to-50 ℃, the injection maximum pressure 25MPa of circulation of drilling fluid pump 61, flow range is controlled at 0.5～10ml/min.
In described high low temperature constant temperature experiment 40, be provided with physical model mechanism 42, pulley track 60 and infrared camera 55: in physical model mechanism, be provided with rock core fastener 35, ring pressure chamber 36, left end cap 34, right end cap 44, well head annular space chamber 59, sample tap 58 is located at physical model mechanism top; Test core 37 is placed in rock core fastener 35, and rock core fastener 35 length are 1200mm, can, at trouble free service under 25MPa and corrosion-resistant, can take out easily core in addition.Test core 37 adopts artificial cores, specification φ 50mm, length 1200mm; Infrared camera 55 is arranged on high low temperature constant temperature experiment 40 inner pulley tracks 60, Qi Yu physical model mechanism axis is aimed at, and can on pulley track, move left and right, the infrared camera associated program that is installed on industrial computer inside by operation obtains data message in infrared camera storage card, and carry out analyzing and processing and obtain temperature distribution image, appraisal drilling liquid, to the dynamic invasion procedure of hydrate formation and decomposition of hydrate region, is analyzed the dynamic response characteristic of drilling fluid being invaded containing hydrate formation by intuitively observing to combine with data test.
Described perm-plug method mechanism, comprise nitrogen cylinder A6, nitrogen cylinder B12, high-pressure pressure regulating valve B4 and high-pressure pressure regulating valve A10, middle pressure pressure regulator valve 13, low pressure regulating pressure valve 17, Low-flow meter 7, middle flowmeter 27 and high flow capacity meter 28, and valve 1. 5, valve 2. 11, valve 3. 15, valve 4. 16, valve 5. 23, valve 6. 19, valve 7. 3, valve 8. 20, valve 9. 29, valve 10. 26, valve
the pipeline of 30 three kinds of different osmotic power that form, the hydrate sediment perviousness of testing respectively the test core of high, medium and low three kinds of permeabilities.Range of regulation 10～4MPa of high-pressure pressure regulating valve B4 and high-pressure pressure regulating valve A10 wherein, range of regulation 4～the 0.6MPa of middle pressure pressure regulator valve 13, range of regulation 0.6～the 0.2MPa of low pressure regulating pressure valve 17, the flow range 30ml/min of Low-flow meter 7, the flow range 300ml/min of middle flowmeter 27, the flow range 3000ml/min of high flow capacity meter 28.
Described liquid water injecting mechanism and CH
4gas inject mechanism, wherein liquid water injecting mechanism is comprised of liquid water reservoir vessel 31, constant-flux pump 32, piston container A 33, the working pressure 40MPa of constant-flux pump 32, flow 0～20ml/min, piston container A 33 volume 1000ml, working pressure 32MPa.CH
4gas inject mechanism comprises CH
4gas cylinder 24, reduction valve 25, gas boosting pump 21 and tensimeter D22, valve 5. 23, valve 7. 3, valve 6. 19, valve 8. 20, valve 9. 29, valve 10. 26, valve
30, Low-flow meter 7, middle flowmeter 27 and high flow capacity meter 28 form.Work as CH
4gas cylinder 24 pressure are higher than experiment during required pressure, CH
4gas, by the rear physics prototype structure 42 that injects of reduction valve 25 decompressions, is worked as CH
4gaseous tension is lower than experiment during required pressure, CH
4gas injects physics prototype structure after by 20 superchargings of gas boosting pump, and injecting gas pressure is shown by tensimeter D22.Inject the CH of physics prototype structure
4gas flow, when different permeability test core experiment, is determined and is injected CH according to Low-flow meter 7, middle flowmeter 27 and high flow capacity meter 28 respectively
4gas flow.
Described ring presses follower to press tracking pump 41, pressure transducer A39 to form by encircling, ring is pressed and is followed the tracks of pump 41 cylinder body volume 100ml, flow is adjustable between 0.01～30ml/min, maximum loop is pressed 32MPa, in experiment, can retaining ring press higher than rock core fastener 35 internal pressures, guarantee to test core 37 all the time in being held tightly state in experimentation.
Described back pressure mechanism is comprised of check valve 49, back pressure buffer container 50, wobble pump A48 and tensimeter G51, and check valve 49 back pressure range of adjustment 0～25MPa control fluctuating range within the scope of ± 0.1MPa; Back pressure buffer container 50 working pressure 16MPa, volume 500ml; Wobble pump A48 maximum working pressure (MWP) 32MPa.
Described temperature survey mechanism and pressure survey mechanism, by along rock core fastener 35 axially 54,10 pressure transducer C53 of 10 temperature sensors uniform and that be fixed on physical model mechanism 42 tops form, 0.1 ℃ of temperature sensor precision; Pressure transducer C precision 0.25%F.S.
Described resistivity measurement mechanism, by along rock core fastener 35 axially 10 resistivity sensors 38 uniform and that be fixed on physical model mechanism 42 bottoms form, the measurement range of resistivity is 0～15000 Ω m, precision 1%.
Described outlet metering mechanism is comprised of pressure transducer B47, tensimeter F52, gas-liquid separator 45, mass-flow gas meter 46 and electronic balance 43, and gas, liquid that gas-liquid separator 45 flows out for check valve 49 outlets are separated; Pressure transducer B47 and tensimeter F52 are for monitoring the pressure in exit; Electronic balance 43 is for exporting liquid volume metering, range 4200g, precision 0.01g; Mass-flow gas meter 46 is for exit gas volume metering, flow control scope 0～1000ml/min, and working pressure 10MPa, can control instantaneous delivery, shows integrated flux.
While carrying out sampling operation, with wobble pump B56, the piston in piston container B 57 is pushed into the end, the joint of piston container B 57 is connected to the sample connection 58 of physical model mechanism, after connecting, wobble pump B56 is moved back to pump and process, by the sample sucker container B 57 in rock core fastener.
Referring to Fig. 2, described core fidelity transfer device is comprised of outer chamber 62, temperature controller 63, inner chamber body 64, piston 65, manual pump 66, ring chamber 67, pressure controller 68, packing plate 69 and joint 70.In outer chamber, be provided with inner chamber body and ring chamber, inner chamber body one end is provided with piston, and the other end is provided with packing plate, and joint is contained in packing plate outside, and pressure controller is connected with inner chamber body, and temperature controller is connected with ring chamber.
Described industrial computer is a data acquisition processing system, software moves under Windows2000 or XP environment, by industrial computer, be connected with each mechanism, gather the numerical value such as pressure, temperature, resistivity, gas and fluid flow in good time and carry out data processing, can show in real time each point parameter, realize man-machine conversation, operating personnel can realize unmanned after setting parameter, and industrial computer gathers the operation of all parameters automaton automatically.The treated raw data form that generates of data of industrial computer collection, analytical statement and curve map, while generating database file layout, so that follow-up data is processed and is analyzed and use.
Embodiment 2: the present invention has proposed a set of researching natural gas hydrate formation and drilling fluid invaded to the experimental technique of response characteristic on the basis of application above-described embodiment 1 experimental provision, hydrate sediment gas permeability test experiments method wherein, be divided into basic, normal, high three kinds of different permeability hydrate sediment testing permeability experimental techniques, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) step of described low-permeability hydrate sediment testing permeability experimental technique:
A. water filling: the liquid water in liquid water reservoir vessel 31 injects in the test core 37 of rock core fastener 35 through piston container A 33 by constant-flux pump 32; Described test core material adopts natural core, length 500mm, and 700mm length adopts hollow stainless steel cylinder to mend and grow to 1200mm as false core in addition, to fill up whole rock core fastener;
B. gas injection: liquid water is opened CH after injecting and finishing
4 gas cylinder 24, CH
4gas, through reduction valve 25, is worked as CH
4gaseous tension during required pressure, is opened 21 superchargings of gas boosting pump lower than experiment, and gaseous tension shows by tensimeter D22, the valve 5. 23 of flowing through;
C. select hyposmosis gas injection pipeline, CH
4gas through valve 6. 19, valve 7. 3, the hyposmosis pipeline that forms of Low-flow meter 7, enter in rock core fastener 35 and test core 37, in core 37 to be tested, pressure reaches set pressure 12MPa and keeps stopping gas injection after 2～3 hours;
D insulation: regulate and test core 37 in the temperature ，Shi physical model mechanism 42 of high low temperature constant temperature experiment 40 under 4 ℃ of constant temperatures standing 20 hours, form the hydrate sediment of low-permeability in rock core fastener 35;
E. perm-plug method: carry out hypotonic experiment, now valve 1. 5, valve 7. 3,6. valve 19 open, other valve closing, open nitrogen cylinder A6, in bottle, nitrogen enters physical model mechanism 42 through high-pressure pressure regulating valve B4 pressure regulation to 4MPa, gas infiltrates pressure and is shown by tensimeter E8, by the permeability of Low-flow meter 7 test low-permeability hydrate sediments;
(2) step of described middle perviousness hydrate sediment testing permeability experimental technique:
Step a, b are identical with low-permeability hydrate sediment experimental technique;
C. in selecting, permeate gas injection pipeline, CH
4gas through valve 8. 20,9. 29 middle infiltration pipelines that form of middle flowmeter 27 and valve, to testing core 37 in rock core fastener 35, inject CH
4gas, in core 37 to be tested, pressure reaches set pressure 10MPa and keeps stopping gas injection after 2～3 hours;
D. insulation: regulate and test core 37 in the temperature ，Shi physical model mechanism 42 of high low temperature constant temperature experiment 40 under 4 ℃ of constant temperatures standing 18 hours, infiltrative hydrate sediment in forming in rock core fastener 35;
E. perm-plug method: ooze experiment in carrying out, now valve 2. 11, valve 3. 15, valve 8. 20,9. valve 29 open, other valve closing, in nitrogen cylinder B12 gas first through high-pressure pressure regulating valve A10 pressure regulation to 4MPa, gaseous tension shows by tensimeter A9, then through in press pressure regulator valve 13 pressure regulation to 0.6MPa, gas infiltrates pressure and is shown by tensimeter B14, then enter rock core fastener 35 build-in test cores 37, by the permeability of perviousness hydrate sediment in middle flowmeter 27 tests;
(3) step of described high osmosis hydrate sediment testing permeability experimental technique:
Step a, b are identical with low-permeability hydrate sediment experimental technique;
C. select high infiltration gas injection pipeline, CH
4gas through valve 10. 26, valve
30, core 37 injection CH are tested in the high penetration pipe road that high flow capacity meter 28 forms in rock core fastener 35
4gas, in core 37 to be tested, pressure reaches set pressure 8MPa and keeps stopping gas injection after 2～3 hours;
D. insulation: regulate and test core 37 in the temperature ，Shi physical model mechanism 42 of high low temperature constant temperature experiment 40 under 4 ℃ of constant temperatures standing 16 hours, form the hydrate sediment of high osmosis in rock core fastener 35;
E. perm-plug method: carry out height and ooze experiment, now valve 2. 11, valve 4. 16, valve 10. 26, valve
30 open, other valve closing, in nitrogen cylinder B12 gas through high-pressure pressure regulating valve A10 pressure regulation to 4MPa, gaseous tension is shown by tensimeter A9, in warp, presses pressure regulator valve 13 pressure regulation to 0.6MPa, and gaseous tension is shown by tensimeter B14, again through low pressure regulating pressure valve 17 pressure regulation to 0.2MPa, gas infiltrates pressure and is shown by tensimeter C18, enters test core 37, by the permeability of high flow capacity meter 28 test high osmosis hydrate sediments.
Embodiment 3: on the basis of application above-described embodiment 1 experimental provision, carry out researching natural gas hydrate formation and drilling fluid is invaded to the experimental technique of response characteristic, wherein drilling fluid is as follows to the experimental technique step of hydrate sediment dynamic response characteristic monitoring in the intrusion of hydrate sediment and invasion procedure:
(1) hydrate sediment is synthetic: rock core fastener 35 length 1200mm, artificial cores is placed in rock core fastener 35 in advance, to fill up rock core fastener, adopt step a, b synthesized hydrate sediment in embodiment 2 low-permeability hydrate sediment testing permeability experimental techniques;
(2) intrusion of drilling fluid to hydrate sediment: the drilling fluid in drilling fluid storage tank 2 regulates and reaches after 30 ℃ through temperature controller 1, by circulation of drilling fluid pump 61, enter the well head annular space chamber 59 of physical model mechanism 42, and circulate therein, drilling fluid is gradually in the interior hydrate sediment of irruptive rock core holder 35;
(3) dynamic response of monitoring in invasion procedure: respectively by axially uniform and be fixed on 10 temperature sensors 54 on physical model structure 42 tops and 10 pressure transducer C53 and test the temperature and pressure of hydrate sediment in invasion procedure and change along rock core fastener 35; By along the axially uniform and variation of being fixed on hydrate sediment resistivity in 10 resistivity sensors, the 38 test invasion procedures of physical model mechanism 42 bottoms of rock core fastener 35;
(4) infrared observation: by being arranged on Temperature Distribution and the variation of hydrate sediment in rock core fastener in the infrared camera 55 scanning physical model mechanisms 42 on pulley track 60, analyze the dynamic invasion procedure of drilling fluid and decomposition of hydrate region;
(5) sampling analyze and research: during sampling operation with wobble pump B56 to piston container B 57 left ends increase in advance into one with the interior identical pressure of rock core fastener 35, the joint of piston container B 57 is connected to the sample connection 58 of physical model mechanism 42, after connecting, wobble pump B56 is moved back to pump and process, by the sample sucker container B 57 in rock core fastener 35;
(6) software of installing on application apparatus industrial computer carries out the collection of various data, forms database, analyzes and shows the response characteristic that gas hydrate sediment is invaded drilling fluid.
Embodiment 4: the method that the hydrate sediment core fidelity in embodiment 1 experimental provision is shifted, and concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) unload the right end cap 44 of physical model mechanism 42, the joint 70Yu physical model mechanism of core fidelity transfer device 42 right-hand members are connected;
(2) temperature with reduction inner chamber body 64 inside by the temperature in temperature controller 63 adjusting core fidelity transfer device outer chambers 62 and 64 ring chambers 67 of inner chamber body, by the pressure of pressure controller 68 adjusting inner chamber body 64 inside;
(3) when inner chamber body 64 internal temperatures, pressure and rock core fastener 35 internal temperatures, pressure are identical, open packing plate 69, by manual pump 66 regulating pistons 65, make hydrate sediment under the condition of heat-insulation pressure keeping, enter core fidelity transfer device;
(4) close the packing plate 69 in core fidelity transfer device, unload linking of core fidelity transfer device and physical model mechanism 42, the fidelity of having realized hydrate sediment shifts.
Claims (7)
1. a researching natural gas hydrate formation is invaded the experimental provision of response characteristic to drilling fluid, comprise circulation of drilling fluid mechanism, high low temperature constant temperature experiment, perm-plug method mechanism, water/gas injecting mechanism and industrial computer, it is characterized in that: be also provided with core fidelity transfer device, ring pressure follower, back pressure mechanism, testing agency, outlet metering mechanism, sampling mechanism;
Described circulation of drilling fluid mechanism consists of the well head annular space chamber of drilling fluid basin, temperature controller, circulation of drilling fluid Beng He physical model mechanism, temperature controller is controlled drilling fluid temperature, and drilling fluid circulates in the hydrate sediment penetrating in rock core fastener in the well head annular space chamber of circulation of drilling fluid pumping action Xia physical model mechanism;
Described high low temperature constant temperature experiment is the constant temperature experiment able to programme that an industrial computer is controlled, in experimental box, be provided with physical model mechanism, at physical model mechanism left end, be provided with drilling fluid well head annular space chamber, top is provided with a sampling spot, infrared camera is arranged on the pulley track in experimental box, aim at physical model mechanism axis, and can move left and right; In physical model mechanism, be provided with rock core fastener, left end cap and right end cap are established in the rock core fastener left and right sides, and test core is placed in rock core fastener, rock core fastener axially on be provided with the measuring point of resistivity, pressure, temperature; Physical model mechanism is connected with perm-plug method mechanism, water/gas injecting mechanism, sampling mechanism by its top, bottom and the high pressure line of end and the valve of controlled pressure, tensimeter; The sensor at 10 erect-position measuring point places in physical model mechanism is controlled and is connected with measuring mechanism with pressure survey mechanism, resistivity measurement mechanism and temperature in testing agency with pressure duct by signal wire respectively; While shifting the hydrate sediment core forming in rock core fastener, rock core fastener right-hand member is connected with core fidelity transfer device realize and shifts;
The nitrogen pipeline that three cover different osmotic power are contained in described perm-plug method mechanism, the perviousness of testing respectively high, medium and low three kinds of permeability hydrate sediments; Described water/gas injecting mechanism comprises liquid water injecting mechanism and CH
4gas injecting mechanism, liquid water injecting mechanism is comprised of constant-flux pump and piston container; CH
4gas inject mechanism comprises CH
4gas cylinder, reduction valve, gas boosting pump and gas meter, control the CH that enters physical model mechanism by gas meter
4gas flow, realizes the synthetic of different saturation hydrate sediment in rock core fastener;
Described ring presses follower to press tracking pump and pressure transducer to form by encircling, and follows the tracks of ring in physical model mechanism and presses the pressure differential in chamber and rock core fastener inner chamber;
Described back pressure mechanism is comprised of check valve, back pressure buffer container and backpressure pump; Pressure survey mechanism, resistivity measurement mechanism, flow quantity detection mechanism, temperature control and measuring mechanism are contained in described testing agency; Described outlet metering mechanism is comprised of gas-liquid separator, mass-flow gas meter and electronic balance; Described sampling mechanism adopts manual pump and piston sampler, equal pressure in the pre-Zeng Ruyiyu physical model of the left end mechanism of the piston of piston sampler, then realize isobaric sampling by moving back pump; Described industrial computer moves under Windows2000 or XP environment, adopts VB programming, and the acquisition and processing to various pressure, temperature, resistivity, gas volume, liquid volume numerical value, controls the operation of each mechanism in good time.
2. researching natural gas hydrate formation according to claim 1 is invaded the experimental provision of response characteristic to drilling fluid, it is characterized in that: described rock core fastener is evenly arranged 10 erect-position measuring points on it is axial, be separately installed with 10 pressure transducer C, 10 temperature sensors and 10 resistivity sensors.
3. researching natural gas hydrate formation according to claim 1 is invaded the experimental provision of response characteristic to drilling fluid, it is characterized in that: described rock core fastener specification is φ 50mm, length 1200mm, test core φ 50mm, length 500～1200mm, test core length is not enough, and 1200mm partly mends length by false core, and test core can adopt natural core or artificial cores.
4. researching natural gas hydrate formation according to claim 1 is invaded the experimental provision of response characteristic to drilling fluid, it is characterized in that: described core fidelity transfer device is comprised of outer chamber, inner chamber body, piston, manual pump, ring chamber, temperature controller, pressure controller, packing plate and joint, outer chamber contains inner chamber body, inner chamber body one end is provided with piston, the other end is provided with packing plate, joint is contained in packing plate outside, pressure controller is connected with inner chamber body, and temperature controller is connected with ring chamber.
5. experimental provision claimed in claim 1 is invaded to the experimental technique of response characteristic to drilling fluid for researching natural gas hydrate formation for one kind, include hydrate sediment gas permeability test experiments method, the experimental technique of drilling fluid to hydrate sediment dynamic response characteristic monitoring in the intrusion of hydrate sediment and invasion procedure; Hydrate sediment core fidelity transfer method; It is characterized in that: described hydrate sediment gas permeability test experiments method, be divided into basic, normal, high three kinds of different permeability hydrate sediment testing permeability experimental techniques, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) step of described low-permeability hydrate sediment testing permeability experimental technique:
A. water filling: the liquid water in liquid water reservoir vessel by constant-flux pump in piston container A is injected the test core of rock core fastener;
B. gas injection: liquid water is opened CH after injecting and finishing
4gas cylinder, CH
4gas, through reduction valve, is worked as CH
4gaseous tension during required pressure, is opened the supercharging of gas boosting pump lower than experiment, and gaseous tension is shown by tensimeter D, flows through valve 5.;
C. select hyposmosis gas injection pipeline, CH
4gas through valve 6., valve 7., the hyposmosis pipeline that forms of Low-flow meter, enter in rock core fastener and test core, in core to be tested, pressure reaches set pressure 8～12MPa and keeps stopping gas injection after 2～3 hours;
D insulation: regulate and test core in the temperature ，Shi physical model mechanism of high low temperature constant temperature experiment under 4 ℃ of constant temperatures standing 12～20 hours, form the hydrate sediment of low-permeability in rock core fastener;
E. perm-plug method: carry out hypotonic experiment, now valve 1., valve 7., 6. valve open, other valve closing, open nitrogen cylinder A, in bottle, nitrogen enters physical model mechanism through high-pressure pressure regulating valve B pressure regulation to 4MPa, gas infiltrates pressure and is shown by tensimeter E, tests the permeability of low-permeability hydrate sediment by Low-flow meter;
(2) step of described middle perviousness hydrate sediment testing permeability experimental technique:
Step a, b are identical with low-permeability hydrate sediment experimental technique;
C. in selecting, permeate gas injection pipeline, CH
4gas through valve 8., the middle infiltration pipeline that 9. forms of middle flowmeter and valve, to testing core in rock core fastener, inject CH
4gas, in core to be tested, pressure reaches set pressure 8～12MPa and keeps stopping gas injection after 2～3 hours;
D. insulation: regulate and test core in the temperature ，Shi physical model mechanism of high low temperature constant temperature experiment under 4 ℃ of constant temperatures standing 12～20 hours, infiltrative hydrate sediment in forming in rock core fastener;
E. perm-plug method: ooze experiment in carrying out, now valve 2., valve 3., valve 8., 9. valve open, other valve closing, in nitrogen cylinder B gas first through high-pressure pressure regulating valve A pressure regulation to 4MPa, gaseous tension shows by tensimeter A, then through in press pressure regulator valve pressure regulation to 0.6MPa, gas infiltrates pressure and is shown by tensimeter B, then enter physical model mechanism, by the permeability of perviousness hydrate sediment in middle testing flow meter;
(3) step of described high osmosis hydrate sediment testing permeability experimental technique:
Step a, b are identical with low-permeability hydrate sediment experimental technique;
C. select high infiltration gas injection pipeline, CH
4gas through valve 10., valve
, the high penetration pipe road that forms of high flow capacity meter, to testing core in rock core fastener, inject CH
4gas, in core to be tested, pressure reaches set pressure 8～12MPa and keeps stopping gas injection after 2～3 hours;
D. insulation: regulate and test core in the temperature ，Shi physical model mechanism of high low temperature constant temperature experiment under 4 ℃ of constant temperatures standing 12～20 hours, form the hydrate sediment of high osmosis in rock core fastener;
E. perm-plug method: carry out height and ooze experiment, now valve 2., valve 4., valve 10., valve
open, other valve closing, in nitrogen cylinder B gas through high-pressure pressure regulating valve A pressure regulation to 4MPa, gaseous tension is shown by tensimeter A, in warp, presses pressure regulator valve pressure regulation to 0.6MPa, and gaseous tension is shown by tensimeter B, again through low pressure regulating pressure valve pressure regulation to 0.2MPa, gas infiltrates pressure and is shown by tensimeter C, enters physical model mechanism, by the permeability of high flow capacity instrumentation examination high osmosis hydrate sediment.
6. the experimental technique of response characteristic of drilling fluid being invaded for researching natural gas hydrate formation according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described drilling fluid is as follows to the experimental technique step of hydrate sediment dynamic response characteristic monitoring in the intrusion of hydrate sediment and invasion procedure:
(1) described hydrate sediment comprises that utilization test core, as the synthetic hydrate sediment of framework material, is placed in the in-house core holding unit of physical model;
(2) intrusion of drilling fluid to hydrate sediment: the drilling fluid in drilling fluid storage tank regulates and to reach after 0～50 ℃ of experiment demand temperature through temperature controller, by circulation of drilling fluid pump, enter the well head annular space chamber of physical model mechanism, and circulate therein, drilling fluid is gradually in irruptive rock core holder in hydrate sediment;
(3) dynamic response of monitoring in invasion procedure: respectively by axially uniform and be fixed on 10 temperature sensors on physical model structure top and 10 pressure transducer C and test the temperature and pressure of hydrate sediment in invasion procedure and change along rock core fastener; By along the axially uniform and variation of being fixed on hydrate sediment resistivity in 10 resistivity sensors test invasion procedures of physical model mechanism bottom of rock core fastener;
(4) infrared observation: observe Temperature Distribution and the variation of hydrate sediment in rock core fastener in physical model mechanism by the phase of infrared camera scanning being arranged on pulley track, analyze the dynamic invasion procedure of drilling fluid and decomposition of hydrate region;
(5) sampling is analyzed and researched: during sampling operation with wobble pump B to piston container B left end increase in advance one with pressure identical in rock core fastener, the joint of piston container B is connected to the sample connection of physical model mechanism, after connecting, wobble pump B is moved back to pump and process, by the sample sucker container B in rock core fastener;
(6) software of the industrial computer on application apparatus establishment carries out the collection of various data, forms database, analyzes and shows the response characteristic that gas hydrate sediment is invaded drilling fluid.
7. the experimental technique of response characteristic of drilling fluid being invaded for researching natural gas hydrate formation according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described hydrate sediment core fidelity transfer method step is as follows:
(1) unload the right end cap of rock core fastener, the joint of core fidelity transfer device is connected with physical model mechanism right-hand member;
(2) by temperature controller, regulate the temperature in ring chamber between core fidelity transfer device outer chamber and inner chamber body to reduce the temperature of inner chamber body inside, by pressure controller, to regulate the pressure of inner chamber body inside;
(3) when inner chamber body internal temperature, pressure and rock core fastener internal temperature, pressure are identical, open packing plate, by manual pump regulating piston, make hydrate sediment core under the condition of heat-insulation pressure keeping, enter core fidelity transfer device;
(4) close the packing plate in core transfer device, unload linking of core fidelity transfer device and physical model mechanism, the fidelity of realizing hydrate sediment shifts.
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