CN112002206A - Shale gas reservoir failure mining experimental method and device - Google Patents
Shale gas reservoir failure mining experimental method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental method and a device for shale gas reservoir failure exploitation, wherein the device comprises a pressure control system, a constant temperature system, a rock core adsorption model, a gas metering system and a gas supply system; the pressure control system comprises an automatic ring pressure control unit, a back pressure control unit and a pressure monitoring sensor; the constant temperature system provides constant temperature control for the rock core adsorption model; the core adsorption model comprises a core holder; the gas metering system is used for controlling and recording the outlet flow and the outlet end pressure of the rock core adsorption model; the gas supply system is used for providing for the pressure control system. The invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method, which are used for controlling the flow or pressure of outlet gas under different ambient pressures, testing the accumulated gas production and pressure change of an outlet at different times, calculating parameters such as material balance time, normalized yield and the like, researching the shale gas failure exploitation rule and guiding the formulation of a shale gas development technical policy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shale gas exploitation technology, in particular to an experimental method and device for shale gas reservoir failure exploitation.
Background
At present, an experimental method and an experimental device for simulating a field failure mining mode are rarely available at home and abroad, shale failure mining rules, diminishing characteristics of the shale failure mining rules and factors influencing yield diminishing are researched, and due to special reservoir conditions and seepage rules of shale gas reservoirs, if the diminishing rules are researched without combining various analysis methods, such as indoor experiments, mutual verification is carried out, the defects of various methods cannot be reduced to the maximum extent, so that accurate results are obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an experimental method and device for shale gas reservoir failure exploitation aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a shale gas reservoir failure exploitation experimental device comprises a pressure control system, a constant temperature system, a rock core adsorption model, a gas metering system and a gas supply system;
the pressure control system comprises an automatic ring pressure control unit, a back pressure control unit and a pressure monitoring sensor;
the constant temperature system provides constant temperature control for the rock core adsorption model;
the core adsorption model comprises a core holder;
the gas metering system is used for controlling and recording the outlet flow of the rock core adsorption model;
the gas supply system is used for providing the pressure required by the system for the pressure control system.
An experimental shale gas reservoir failure mining method comprises the following steps:
1) shale sample preparation
Preparing the shale core into columnar cores with different lengths and different areas by a linear cutting method; drying the cut columnar core in a drying oven at 120 ℃ for 24 hours, and then cooling to test the length, diameter, permeability, porosity and quality parameters of the core;
2) shale gas reservoir failure mining experiment on shale sample
The fixed-production failure mining mode comprises the following experimental steps:
2.1) putting the rock core into a rock core adsorption model, raising the temperature to the formation temperature, filling gas, testing the pressure without leakage, raising the pressure to 30MPa, stabilizing the constant pressure, and opening an inlet valve V in time5、V9Supplementing pressure until the pressure is constant;
2.2) the annular pressure is increased to 42MPa, and the model is pressurized stably for 24 hours to meet the requirement of simulating the formation permeability;
2.3) opening the gas flowmeter, selecting alternate operation, opening the outlet valve V10Regulating outlet flow control valve V11Controlling the flow at a set flow value, starting a failure mining experiment, recording inlet and outlet pressures and outlet gas accumulated flow at different times, adjusting an outlet flow valve according to the flow change condition to control and keep the outlet flow valve within a set flow range, and not adjusting the flow value until the outlet pressure is zero;
2.4) the outlet pressure is zero, the inlet pressure is continuously and naturally reduced until the inlet pressure is reduced to zero or set pressure, the experiment is ended, the final accumulated gas flow value is recorded, and the gas flowmeter is closed;
2.5) setting different flow rates, and repeating the steps to develop a shale gas exhaustion exploitation experiment;
the constant pressure failure mining mode comprises the following experimental steps:
2.6) drying the rock core, loading into a model, raising the temperature to the formation temperature, filling gas, testing pressure without leakage, raising the pressure to 30MPa, stabilizing constant pressure, and opening V in time5、V9Supplementing pressure until the pressure is constant;
2.7) the annular pressure is increased to 42MPa, and the model is pressurized stably for 24 hours to meet the requirement of simulating the formation permeability;
2.8) during constant pressure production, the outlet of the rock core holder needs to control a back pressure valve to load required production pressure, a gas meter is opened, alternative operation is selected, and an outlet valve V is opened10Regulating outlet flow control valve V11Controlling the flow rate until the pressure value of the outlet of the rock core is reduced to the set pressure, and then not adjusting the flow value;
2.9) after the outlet pressure is the set pressure, continuing to naturally reduce the inlet pressure until the pressure set by the inlet pressure reduction is reached, ending the experiment, recording the final accumulated gas flow value, and closing the gas flowmeter;
2.10) setting different outlet pressures, and repeating the steps to develop a shale gas exhaustion exploitation experiment;
3) and according to the time, pressure and gas quantity data recorded in the experiment, carrying out data processing and drawing to obtain the accumulated gas production and pressure change of the outlet at different times, and calculating the material balance time and regularized yield parameters.
According to the scheme, the data processing is carried out in the step 3) according to the time, pressure and gas quantity data recorded in the experiment, and the material balance time and the normalized yield parameters are calculated as follows:
material balance time calculation formula: t ═ Σ Q/Qt；
Normalized yield calculation formula: q. q.sn＝qt/[(P0/Zp)2-(Pt/Zp)2]；
Wherein q istIs the instantaneous flow; p0Is the inlet pressure; ptIs the outlet pressure; zpIs the gas compression factor.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method by simulating conditions such as stratum temperature, stratum pressure and the like, controls the flow or pressure of gas at an outlet under different confining pressures, tests the accumulated gas production and pressure change of the outlet at different times, calculates parameters such as material balance time, normalized yield and the like, researches the shale gas failure exploitation rule and guides the formulation of a shale gas development technical policy.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graphical illustration of gas flow versus cumulative volume at various times in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the pressure change curves at two ends of the model at different times according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graphical illustration of material equilibration time versus normalized production at failure recovery in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of different flow rates versus extent of production at depletion production in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of gas flow versus cumulative volume (constant pressure) at various times for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the pressure variation curves (constant pressures) at two ends of the model at different times according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graphical illustration of the time to material balance versus normalized production (constant pressure) for depleted mining in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graphical representation of production versus pressure at different back pressures for production in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an experimental apparatus for shale gas reservoir failure mining comprises a pressure control system, a constant temperature system, a core adsorption model, a gas metering system and a gas supply system;
the pressure control system comprises an automatic ring pressure control unit, a back pressure control unit and a pressure monitoring sensor;
the constant temperature system provides constant temperature control for the rock core adsorption model;
the core adsorption model comprises a core holder;
the gas metering system is used for controlling and recording the outlet flow outlet end pressure of the rock core adsorption model;
the gas supply system is used for providing required pressure for the pressure control system;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the pressure control system comprises automatic ring pressure control, back pressure control, pressure monitoring and the like.
1. Automatic control of ring pressure
The ring pressure automatic control unit passes through the inlet valve V9Is connected with a rock core adsorption model, and an annular pressure automatic control unit and an inlet valve V9A vacuum valve is arranged between the two vacuum valves and comprises a vacuum pump, a pressure sensor and a vacuum buffer;
in the embodiment, the automatic ring pressure control unit mainly comprises a high-pressure metering pump, a transmission system, a pressure acquisition system, a servo motor, a control circuit operation panel and the like. The pump can automatically pressurize according to the pressure set by a user, and after the pressure is reached, the change of the pressure can be automatically monitored in real time and the operation of the pump can be driven so as to keep the set pressure constant.
In order to ensure the loading stability of the small cavity, the driving source is a customized SY-3 type small precise automatic pump, a stepping motor is adopted to drive a high-pressure pump body to pressurize, and a loading value is set through a computer and automatically completed by the system; thereby realizing that the pressure load acts on the coal core, and the precision of the collected controllable pressure is higher than or equal to 0.25 percent;
the control system controls the loading and unloading of the loading pressure through the PLC, and the loading accuracy is ensured according to the set change;
2. back pressure control unit
The back pressure control unit passes through a valve V5Is connected with an inlet valve V9Is connected with the core absorption model,
the back pressure control unit consists of an electric back pressure control pump, a buffer container, a back pressure valve, a pressure regulator, a pipeline and the like.
3. Pressure metering and monitoring
The use pressure of the pore is required to be 50MPa, the design pressure of the pore is 70MPa, the ring pressure is 70MPa, and the pressure measurement precision is less than or equal to 0.05 percent;
a pressure sensor: model number Switzerland import KELLER series 33X/35X type, precision +/-0.05% FS, high stability and repeatability +/-0.05% FS; the measurement range is-1-2.5 bar to 0-3000 bar; measuring range: 0 to 700 bar; dead volume: the dead volume is less than or equal to 0.2ml, a flat diaphragm type is adopted, no dead volume exists, a metal pipeline with the aperture of 0.4mm is adopted for connecting the sensor at the long core pressure measuring point, and the dead volume of the pipeline in the length of 1 meter is only 0.125ml and is completely less than the requirement of the dead volume range.
A constant temperature system: the MEMMER450 constant temperature system produced in Germany has the temperature control range of room temperature to 150 ℃, adopts an imported temperature control instrument, adopts PID adjustment, self-rectification, has the temperature control precision of 0.1 grade, and is controlled by a touch screen, so that the experimental temperature required by the experimental system can be provided, and the temperature under the condition of a simulated stratum can be provided.
A core adsorption model: specification: phi 25X600mm, phi 25X1000mm, 3 evenly distributed pressure measurement points of the long core.
The clamp holder mainly comprises a cylinder body, a plug, a rubber sleeve, a bush and the like; the injection pressure resistance is 50MPa, and the ring pressure is 70 MPa; 316 stainless steel material; ring pressing medium: and (3) water. The rubber sleeve is made of imported fluorine rubber, can be heated to the room temperature of-150 ℃, and has the advantages of small size of an inner cavity, quick heating, good temperature balance of a sample and the like.
In order to reduce the dead volume at two ends of the rock core, the rock core holder adopts a special manufacturing process under the condition of reducing the length of a connecting pipeline as much as possible, the aperture of a drainage hole at two ends of a rock core plug is reduced, the aperture is smaller than 0.5mm (the conventional aperture is 2mm), the connecting pipeline is a specially-customized capillary with a micro aperture, the inner diameter of a pipeline is 0.4mm (the inner diameter of the conventional pipeline is 1.5mm), and after the measures are taken, the dead volume at two ends can be effectively controlled to be below 1 ml.
The gas metering system is connected with an outlet valve of the model;
the gas metering system comprises a flow control valve and a high-precision flowmeter;
flow control valve V11The inlet micro-regulating valve is adopted, so that the flow of outlet gas can be well controlled;
high-precision flow meter: shale gas metering device mainly comprises high accuracy flowmeter, and the flowmeter mainly used sample desorption jar is solved the accurate measurement of the tolerance of suction when carrying out natural desorption, the range: 500mm, the comprehensive precision of 0.1% FS and the like, and the accumulated gas quantity discharged from the core outlet can be accurately and conveniently measured compared with a mass flowmeter.
An air supply system:
the gas supply system passes through a valve V3The pressure control unit is connected with the pressure sensor and is used for providing pressure required by the system;
the air supply system mainly comprises a booster pump assembly, a pressure regulating valve, an air compressor and the like.
The booster pump assembly mainly comprises an American Hanskk gas drive booster pump, the output pressure is regulated by a high-pressure regulating valve (American Tescom, model: 2610-6-1), the maximum driving pressure is 0.69MPa, and the maximum output pressure is 70 MPa; the oil-free type body of the ultra-silent oil-free air compressor is really designed to be completely oil-free, lubricating oil does not need to be added, discharged gas does not contain oil and oil vapor, a terminal product cannot be polluted, and the effect of green protection is achieved.
The experiment was carried out in 2 failure mining modes:
example 1: fixed-production failure mining mode
The experimental steps are as follows:
1) drying the rock core, loading into a model, heating to formation temperature, inflating gas to test pressure without leakage, increasing pressure to 30MPa, stabilizing constant pressure, and opening V in time5、V9Supplementing pressure until the pressure is constant;
2) the annular pressure is increased to 42MPa, and the model is pressurized stably for 24 hours to meet the requirement of simulating the formation permeability;
3) opening the gas flowmeter, selecting alternate operation, opening the outlet valve V10Regulating outlet flow control valve V11Controlling the flow at a set flow value, starting a failure mining experiment, recording inlet and outlet pressures and outlet gas accumulated flow at different times, adjusting an outlet flow valve according to the flow change condition to control and keep the outlet flow valve within a set flow range, and not adjusting the flow value until the outlet pressure is zero;
4) the outlet pressure is zero, the inlet pressure is continuously and naturally reduced until the inlet pressure is reduced to zero or set pressure, the experiment is ended, the final accumulated gas flow value is recorded, and the gas flowmeter is closed;
5) setting different flow rates, and repeating the steps to develop a shale gas exhaustion exploitation experiment;
6) and inputting data such as time, pressure, gas quantity and the like, processing the data and drawing the data.
Fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4 show graphs of relationship between the core mining speed, pressure, normalized output and time in a constant flow production mode, and when the constant production is obtained, the flow is approximately stable along with the increase of time, the pressure is gradually reduced, the pressure difference between two ends is increased, and when the outlet pressure is reduced to 0, the pressure difference is maximum; when shale gas exhaustion mining is carried out in two stages, the yield is accelerated at the speed decreasing in the second stage; fig. 5 reflects that the gas extraction degree in the steady production period with different flow controlled by the outlet is slightly reduced along with the increase of the flow, but the final extraction degree has little relation with the flow.
Constant pressure failure mining mode
The experimental steps are as follows:
1) drying the rock core, loading into a model, heating to formation temperature, inflating gas to test pressure without leakage, increasing pressure to 30MPa, stabilizing constant pressure, and opening V in time5、V9Supplementing pressure until the pressure is constant;
2) the annular pressure is increased to 42MPa, and the model is pressurized stably for 24 hours to meet the requirement of simulating the formation permeability;
3) during constant-pressure production, the outlet of the rock core holder needs to control a back-pressure valve to load required production pressure, a gas meter is opened, alternative operation is selected, and a V is opened10Valve, slowly adjusting V11And the valve is used for controlling the flow rate until the outlet pressure value of the rock core is reduced to the set pressure, and the flow value is not regulated.
4) And after the outlet pressure is the set pressure, the inlet pressure is continuously and naturally reduced until the pressure set by the inlet pressure is reduced, the experiment is ended, the final accumulated gas flow value is recorded, and the gas flowmeter is closed.
5) Setting different outlet pressures, and repeating the steps to develop a shale gas exhaustion exploitation experiment;
6) inputting data such as time, pressure, gas quantity and the like into a computer, processing the data and drawing.
Fig. 6, fig. 7 and fig. 8 show the constant pressure production mode, the relationship diagram of core mining speed, pressure, normalized output and time, during constant pressure production, the flow is approximately stable along with the increase of time, the pressure is gradually reduced, the pressure difference between two ends is increased, when the outlet pressure is reduced to the control pressure, the pressure difference is maximum, only one stage is needed during shale gas exhaustion mining, the output decreasing speed is fast, fig. 9 shows the pressure with different outlet controls, the shale gas extraction degree is also different, along with the reduction of the outlet pressure, the extraction degree is increased, which indicates that the reduced pressure mining is favorable for improving the extraction degree of the shale gas.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The shale gas reservoir failure exploitation experimental device is characterized by comprising a pressure control system, a constant temperature system, a rock core adsorption model, a gas metering system and a gas supply system;
the pressure control system comprises an automatic ring pressure control unit, a back pressure control unit and a pressure monitoring sensor;
the constant temperature system provides constant temperature control for the rock core adsorption model;
the core adsorption model comprises a core holder;
the gas metering system is used for controlling and recording the outlet flow and the outlet end pressure of the rock core adsorption model; the gas supply system is used for providing the pressure required by the system for the pressure control system.
2. The shale gas reservoir failure exploitation experimental method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) shale sample preparation
Preparing the shale core into columnar cores with different lengths and different areas by a linear cutting method; placing the cut columnar core in a drying oven, drying, and cooling to test the length, diameter, permeability, porosity and quality parameters of the core;
2) shale gas reservoir failure mining experiment on shale sample
The shale gas reservoir failure mining experiment comprises a fixed-production failure mining mode and a fixed-pressure failure mining mode;
3) and according to the time, pressure and gas quantity data recorded in the experiment, carrying out data processing and drawing to obtain the accumulated gas production and pressure change of the outlet at different times, and calculating the material balance time and regularized yield parameters.
3. The shale gas reservoir failure exploitation experimental method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 1), the shale gas reservoir is dried in a drying oven and then cooled, and the shale gas reservoir is dried in the drying oven at 120 ℃ for 24 hours and then cooled.
4. The shale gas reservoir failure exploitation experimental method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2), the fixed-production failure exploitation mode comprises the following experimental steps:
2.1) putting the rock core into a rock core adsorption model, raising the temperature to the formation temperature, filling gas to test the pressure without leakage, raising the pressure to 30MPa, keeping the constant pressure stable, and opening an inlet valve in time to supplement the pressure until the pressure is constant;
2.2) the annular pressure is increased to 42MPa, and the model is pressurized stably for 24 hours to meet the requirement of simulating the formation permeability;
2.3) opening the gas flowmeter, selecting alternate operation, opening an outlet valve, adjusting an outlet flow control valve, controlling the flow at a set flow value, starting a failure mining experiment, recording inlet and outlet pressures at different times and the accumulated flow of the outlet gas, adjusting the outlet flow valve according to the flow change condition, controlling and keeping the outlet flow valve within a set flow range, and not adjusting the flow value until the outlet pressure is zero;
2.4) the outlet pressure is zero, the inlet pressure is continuously and naturally reduced until the inlet pressure is reduced to zero or set pressure, the experiment is ended, the final accumulated gas flow value is recorded, and the gas flowmeter is closed;
and 2.5) setting different flow rates, and repeating the steps to develop the shale gas exhaustion exploitation experiment.
5. The shale gas reservoir failure exploitation experimental method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2), the constant pressure failure exploitation mode comprises the following experimental steps:
2.6) drying the rock core, loading into a model, raising the temperature to the formation temperature, filling gas, testing pressure without leakage, raising the pressure to 30MPa, stabilizing constant pressure, and opening V in time5、V9Supplementing pressure until the pressure is constant;
2.7) the annular pressure is increased to 42MPa, and the model is pressurized stably for 24 hours to meet the requirement of simulating the formation permeability;
2.8) during constant pressure production, controlling a back pressure valve to load required production pressure at the outlet of the core holder, opening a gas meter, selecting alternate operation, opening an outlet valve, adjusting an outlet flow control valve, controlling the flow rate, and not adjusting the flow value until the outlet pressure value of the core is reduced to a set pressure;
2.9) after the outlet pressure is the set pressure, continuing to naturally reduce the inlet pressure until the pressure set by the inlet pressure reduction is reached, ending the experiment, recording the final accumulated gas flow value, and closing the gas flowmeter;
2.10) setting different outlet pressures, and repeating the steps to develop the shale gas exhaustion exploitation experiment.
6. The shale gas reservoir failure exploitation experimental method of claim 2, wherein in the step 3), data processing is performed according to time, pressure and gas quantity data recorded in the experiment, and material balance time and normalized yield parameters are calculated as follows:
material balance time calculation formula: t ═ Σ Q/Qt；
Normalized yield calculation formula: q. q.sn＝qt/[(P0/Zp)2-(Pt/Zp)2]；
Wherein q istIs the instantaneous flow; p0Is the inlet pressure; ptIs the outlet pressure; zpIs the gas compression factor.
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| CN115248176A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-10-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Shale gas three-dimensional development effect evaluation experiment system and method |
| CN116044389A (en) * | 2023-01-29 | 2023-05-02 | 西南石油大学 | Determination method for reasonable production pressure difference of early failure exploitation of tight shale oil reservoir |
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| CN112964597A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-15 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Multi-scale rock core adsorption-analysis-exploitation simulation experiment device and method |
| CN112964597B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2022-09-16 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Multi-scale rock core adsorption-analysis-exploitation simulation experiment device and method |
| CN115248176A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-10-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Shale gas three-dimensional development effect evaluation experiment system and method |
| CN116044389A (en) * | 2023-01-29 | 2023-05-02 | 西南石油大学 | Determination method for reasonable production pressure difference of early failure exploitation of tight shale oil reservoir |
| CN116044389B (en) * | 2023-01-29 | 2024-04-30 | 西南石油大学 | Determination method for reasonable production pressure difference of early failure exploitation of tight shale oil reservoir |
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