CN109681198B - Multi-mode exploitation simulation device and method for different types of natural gas hydrate reservoirs - Google Patents
Multi-mode exploitation simulation device and method for different types of natural gas hydrate reservoirs Download PDFInfo
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- E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
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Abstract
A multi-mode exploitation simulation device and method for different types of natural gas hydrate reservoirs. The production well is connected with the high-pressure reaction kettle through a rotating pipe capable of adjusting any angle, and the high-pressure reaction kettle and the production well are provided with visual windows. The invention can obtain production wells with different angles by adjusting the rotary pipe, wherein the production wells comprise a vertical well, a horizontal well and an inclined well; the natural gas hydrate reservoir bed can be matched into various natural gas hydrate reservoir beds in a high-pressure reaction kettle; the natural gas hydrate can be produced by simulating a depressurization method, a heat injection method, an inhibitor injection method and a combination method; the generation, decomposition and secondary generation conditions of the hydrate and the gas-water flow condition can be monitored in the whole experimental process, and the water yield and the gas yield can be obtained. After the hydrate sample is synthesized in the high-pressure reaction kettle, the invention can systematically develop the exploitation simulation experiment of the natural gas hydrate under different hydrate reservoirs, different production wells and different exploitation methods, and can evaluate the efficiency and the safety of the hydrate in different exploitation modes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy exploitation, and particularly relates to a multi-mode exploitation simulation device and method for different types of natural gas hydrate reservoirs.
Background
The natural gas hydrate is a non-stoichiometric cage-type compound formed by gas and water at low temperature and high pressure, is widely stored in sediments at the edge of the continental sea and in permafrost zones in the nature, has the characteristics of large reserves, wide distribution, shallow burial, high energy density, clean combustion and the like, and is known as one of new energy sources with application prospects in the 21 st century. At present, natural gas hydrate in nature is successively and successfully trial-mined for many times internationally, but the natural gas hydrate cannot reach the level of commercial exploitation, and each trial-mining consumes huge cost. Therefore, by simulating the generation environment of the natural hydrate and the process of hydrate pilot production, the natural gas hydrate exploitation simulation experiment systematically developed in a laboratory can provide reference for on-site pilot production.
According to reservoir architecture, geophysical properties, etc. of hydrate reservoirs, researchers have divided hydrate reservoirs into four categories: in Class1, a hydrate layer exists in a hydrate stable region, and a free gas layer close to the rock physical property exists below the hydrate layer; class 2, a hydrate layer also exists in the hydrate stable region, and a free water layer is arranged below the hydrate layer; class 3, where only a hydrate layer is present, no free gas or liquid water layer; class 4, the hydrate is comparatively dispersed in the stable region, has no obvious boundary, is generally low in saturation and has no mining value. The exploitation methods which are widely applied to the exploitation of hydrate reservoirs mainly comprise a heating method, a depressurization method, an inhibitor injection method and a combination method. Production wells for hydrate production include vertical wells, horizontal wells, and slant wells. At present, researchers have conducted a great amount of experiments and numerical simulation researches on the exploitation of hydrates, but an experimental device and a method which can be used for systematically developing the exploitation simulation of natural gas hydrates under different reservoirs, different production wells and different exploitation methods are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a multi-mode exploitation simulation device for different types of natural gas hydrate reservoirs, which can be simultaneously used for systematically developing simulation experiments of natural gas hydrate exploitation under different production wells, different reservoirs and different exploitation methods, can monitor the generation, decomposition and secondary generation conditions of hydrates and the gas-water flow conditions in real time in the experimental process, and obtains the water yield and the gas yield to evaluate the efficiency and the safety of different exploitation modes of the hydrates.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a multi-mode exploitation simulation device for different types of natural gas hydrate reservoirs comprises a high-pressure reaction kettle 2, a production well 11, a temperature control device, a pressure control device, a gas and liquid supply device, a gas-liquid separation device and a data acquisition device;
the lower part of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is provided with a base 1; a plurality of multipoint measuring thermocouples 3 are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2; a sand prevention filter layer is arranged at the center of the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2; four visual windows 25 are uniformly distributed on the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2; the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is connected with the kettle body through a screw 26, and a sealing washer 27 is arranged at the contact part of the upper cover and the inside of the kettle body;
an inlet pipeline of the production well 11 is connected with the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 through a rotary pipe 24 which can be adjusted to any angle, and a first valve 29 is connected between the inlet of the production well 11 and the rotary pipe 24; one end of an outlet pipeline of the production well 11 is connected with the vacuum pump 10 through a fourth valve 32, and the other end of the outlet pipeline is connected with the backpressure pump 14 through a fifth valve 33; the well covers 28 at the two ends of the production well 11 can be detached, and the inner sides of the well covers 28 are provided with sand control filter layers; a plurality of temperature sensors 12 and a plurality of pressure sensors 13 are uniformly distributed on the production well 11; a plurality of visualization windows 25 are uniformly distributed in the production well 11;
the temperature control device comprises two thermostatic waterbaths and a liquid heater 7 which are respectively used for controlling the temperature of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2, the production well 11 and the injected liquid;
the pressure control device comprises a backpressure pump 14 and a vacuum pump 10;
the gas and liquid supply device comprises a gas cylinder 9, a gas injection pump 8, a liquid injection pump 6 and a liquid heater 7; the gas bottle 9 is communicated with the gas injection pump 8 through a pipeline, and the gas outlet end of the gas bottle 9 is controlled by a third valve 31; the liquid heater 7 is communicated with the liquid injection pump 6 through a pipeline, and the liquid heater and the liquid injection pump are controlled by a second valve 30; the gas injection pump 8 and the liquid injection pump 6 are combined and introduced into the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 through pipelines, and a pressure gauge 4 and a control valve 5 are arranged on the pipelines;
the gas-liquid separation device comprises a gas-liquid separator 15, a measuring cup 16, a mass balance 17, a gas flowmeter 19 and a gas collecting tank 18; the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 15 is connected with the backpressure pump 14 through a pipeline, the liquid discharge pipeline of the gas-liquid separator 15 is connected into a measuring cup 16 on a mass balance 17, the exhaust pipeline of the gas-liquid separator 15 is further connected with a gas collecting tank 18, and a gas flowmeter 19 is arranged between the gas collecting tank and the gas collecting tank;
the sand control filter layer comprises a stainless steel sand control filter screen 22 and a tetrafluoro porous filter plate 23;
the gas-liquid separator 15 can separate gas and water decomposed by the hydrate, and the mass balance 17 and the gas flowmeter 19 are respectively used for measuring water yield and gas yield;
the inlet end of the production well 11 is connected with a rotating pipe 24, and the production wells 11 with different angles, including a vertical well, a horizontal well and an inclined well, are obtained by adjusting the rotating pipe 24;
the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is connected with an inlet of the production well 11, an outlet of the production well 11 is connected with a backpressure pump 14, and the branch is used for simulating a depressurization method to exploit hydrate; the side surface of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is connected with a liquid injection pump 6 and a liquid heater 7, and the branch is used for simulating the exploitation of hydrates by a heat injection method and an inhibitor injection method; after the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 synthesizes the natural gas hydrate, the device can simulate a depressurization method, a heat injection method, an inhibitor injection method and a combination method to extract the natural gas hydrate;
the well covers 28 at the two ends of the production well 11 can be disassembled, and sediment is selectively filled into the inner cavity of the production well 11 according to experimental requirements.
A multi-mode exploitation simulation method for different types of natural gas hydrate reservoirs comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the type of hydrate reservoir for simulation: and opening the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2, filling sediments or a mixture of the sediments and ice powder and the like into the high-pressure reaction kettle according to the type of the hydrate reservoir for simulation, and installing the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle. Specifically, the types of hydrate reservoirs for simulation are classified into four types, namely, Class1, Class 2, Class 3 and Class 4;
A) when a Class1 type hydrate reservoir is simulated and synthesized, firstly, the water bath 20 is opened to reduce the temperature in the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 to be below zero, the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is opened, a small amount of non-aqueous sediment is filled into the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 and compacted, and then the mixture of the sediment and ice powder is filled on the sediment and compacted;
B) when a Class 2 type hydrate reservoir is simulated and synthesized, firstly, the water bath 20 is opened to reduce the temperature in the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 to be slightly higher than zero, the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is opened, a small amount of sediment of saturated water is filled into the high-pressure reaction kettle 2, and then a mixture of the sediment and ice powder is filled and compacted on the sediment;
C) when a Class 3 type hydrate reservoir is simulated and synthesized, firstly, the water bath 20 is opened to reduce the temperature in the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 to be below zero, the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is opened, and a proper amount (generally higher than 50 percent depending on the saturation of a sample) of ice powder and sediment are filled into the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 to be uniformly mixed;
D) when a Class 4 hydrate reservoir is simulated and synthesized, firstly, the water bath 20 is opened to reduce the temperature in the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 to below zero ℃, the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is opened, and a small amount (generally 5-20 percent depending on the saturation of a sample) of ice powder and sediment are filled into the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 to be uniformly mixed;
(2) simulating and synthesizing a hydrate reservoir of a corresponding type: after the experimental device is vacuumized, supplying water and gas to the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 to synthesize a hydrate sample with required saturation;
A) the synthetic Class1 hydrate reservoir is an upper hydrate-containing sediment layer, and a free gas layer with the physical property similar to that of rock exists below the hydrate layer;
B) the synthesized Class 2 hydrate reservoir is an upper hydrate-containing sediment layer, and a free water layer is arranged below the hydrate layer;
C) synthesizing a Class 3 hydrate reservoir layer into a single hydrate-containing sediment layer, wherein the single hydrate-containing sediment layer does not comprise a hydrate-free stratum;
D) the synthetic Class 4 hydrate reservoir is formed by dispersedly distributing hydrates in sediments and has lower saturation;
(3) selecting a production well type corresponding to the type of the hydrate reservoir for simulation: adjusting the angle of the production well to obtain the production well with the angle required by the experiment;
(4) determining the production method of the hydrate reservoir: mining simulation experiments under different mining methods are carried out on the hydrate by adjusting equipment of corresponding branches; specifically, the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is connected with an inlet of the production well 11, an outlet of the production well 11 is connected with a backpressure pump 14, the branch is used for simulating a depressurization method to extract hydrate, and depressurization amplitude and depressurization rate need to be determined when the depressurization method is simulated to extract hydrate; the side surface of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is connected with an injection pump 6 and a liquid heater 7, the branch is used for simulating an injection heating method and an injection inhibitor method to extract hydrate, and when the simulation injection heating method, the injection inhibitor method or the heating method and the injection inhibitor method are combined to extract hydrate, the temperature and the injection rate of injected fluid need to be determined; after the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 synthesizes the natural gas hydrate, the device can simulate a combination method (a depressurization method + a heating method, a depressurization method + an inhibitor injection method, a depressurization method + a heating method + an inhibitor injection method) for exploiting the hydrate, and the combination method needs to determine the variables at the same time.
(5) And opening the gas-liquid separation device, measuring the water yield and the gas yield after gas-liquid separation, and monitoring the generation, decomposition and secondary generation conditions of the hydrate and the gas-water flow condition through the visualization window 25, the multipoint measurement type thermocouple 3, the temperature sensor 12 and the pressure sensor 13 on the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 and the production well 11 in the whole experiment process.
In the step (1), the high-pressure reaction kettle can be used for preparing the natural gas hydrate without sediment by using pure water or ice powder, and the sediment simulating different types of hydrate reservoirs can be filled in the high-pressure reaction kettle.
The step (3), the production well can be used for simulating and monitoring the gas-water flow condition in the hydrate production process; the production well may also be filled with sediment for simulating and monitoring the flow of gas-water in the sediment during hydrate production.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the device can prepare hydrate samples with different types and different saturation degrees in the high-pressure reaction kettle, including preparing the hydrate sample without sediment by using pure water or ice powder, and also can fill sediment simulating different types of hydrate reservoirs in the high-pressure reaction kettle to prepare the hydrate sample with the sediment. Production wells with different angles can be obtained by adjusting the rotating pipe, and the production wells comprise vertical wells, horizontal wells and inclined wells for exploiting hydrates. After the preparation of the hydrate sample is finished, the branch where the back pressure pump is located is opened to simulate a depressurization method to extract the hydrate, the branch where the liquid injection pump and the liquid heater are located is opened to simulate an injection heating method or an injection inhibitor method to extract the hydrate, and the two branches are used simultaneously to simulate a combination method to extract the hydrate. The high-pressure reaction kettle and the production well are respectively controlled by a water bath independently. In the experimental process, the generation, decomposition and secondary generation conditions of the hydrate and the gas-water flow condition can be monitored in real time through a visual window on the high-pressure reaction kettle and the production well and a multipoint measurement type thermocouple, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor which are uniformly distributed, so that the safety of the hydrate in different exploitation modes is obtained. The gas-liquid separation device can separate gas and water decomposed by the hydrate, the mass balance and the gas flowmeter can measure the water yield and the gas yield, and therefore the efficiency of the hydrate under different mining modes is obtained. The device can systematically carry out experimental research on the aspects of natural gas hydrate synthesis, exploitation (decomposition), gas-liquid separation, exploitation efficiency and safety evaluation.
(2) The multi-mode exploitation simulation method for different types of natural gas hydrate reservoirs can prepare different saturation and different types of hydrate reservoir samples; the gas-water flow can be simulated in the production wells at different angles, and the production wells can be filled with sediments for simulating the flow of the gas-water in the sediments; the method can be selected to simulate the exploitation of the hydrate by a depressurization method, a heat injection method, an inhibitor injection method or a combination method; the generation, decomposition and secondary generation conditions of the hydrate and the gas-water flow condition can be monitored in the whole experimental process, and the water yield and the gas yield can be obtained. The method can systematically and efficiently simulate the exploitation of the natural gas hydrate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multimode natural gas hydrate production simulation apparatus;
FIG. 2(a) is a schematic top view of a high-pressure reactor;
FIG. 2(b) is a schematic bottom view of the autoclave;
FIG. 2(c) is a schematic sectional view of a high-pressure reactor;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a production well configuration.
In the figure: 1, a base; 2, high-pressure reaction kettle; 3 multipoint measuring type thermocouple; 4, a pressure gauge; 5 controlling the valve; 6, a liquid injection pump; 7 a liquid heater; 8, an air injection pump; 9 gas cylinders; 10 a vacuum pump; 11 a production well; 12 a temperature sensor; 13 a pressure sensor; 14 back pressure pump; 15 gas-liquid separator; 16 measuring cups; 17 a mass balance; 18 gas collection tank; 19 a gas flow meter; 20 a first water bath; 21, second water bath; 22 stainless steel sand control filter screen; a 23 tetrafluoro porous filter plate; 24 rotating the tube; 25 visualization windows; 26, screws; 27 sealing gaskets; 28 well covers; 29 a first valve; 30 a second valve; 31 a third valve; a 32 fourth valve; 33 a fifth valve; 34 computer.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the technical solutions and the accompanying drawings.
In the first embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a multi-mode exploitation simulation apparatus for different types of natural gas hydrate reservoirs, including a high-pressure reaction kettle 2, a production well 11, a temperature control device, a pressure control device, a gas supply and liquid supply device, a gas-liquid separation device, and a data acquisition device.
The lower part of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is provided with a base 1; a plurality of multipoint measuring thermocouples 3 are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2; a sand prevention filter layer is arranged at the center of the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2; four visual windows 25 are uniformly distributed on the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2; the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is connected with the kettle body through a screw 26, and a sealing washer 27 is arranged at the contact part of the upper cover and the inside of the kettle body;
an inlet pipeline of the production well 11 is connected with the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 through a rotary pipe 24 which can be adjusted to any angle, and a first valve 29 is connected between the inlet of the production well 11 and the rotary pipe 24; one end of an outlet pipeline of the production well 11 is connected with the vacuum pump 10 through a fourth valve 32, and the other end of the outlet pipeline is connected with the backpressure pump 14 through a fifth valve 33; the well covers 28 at the two ends of the production well 11 can be detached, and the inner sides of the well covers 28 are provided with sand control filter layers; a plurality of temperature sensors 12 and a plurality of pressure sensors 13 are uniformly distributed on the production well 11; a plurality of visualization windows 25 are uniformly distributed in the production well 11;
the temperature control device comprises two thermostatic waterbaths and a liquid heater 7 which are respectively used for controlling the temperature of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2, the production well 11 and the injected liquid;
the pressure control device comprises a backpressure pump 14 and a vacuum pump 10;
the gas and liquid supply device comprises a gas cylinder 9, a gas injection pump 8, a liquid injection pump 6 and a liquid heater 7; the gas bottle 9 is communicated with the gas injection pump 8 through a pipeline, and the gas outlet end of the gas bottle 9 is controlled by a third valve 31; the liquid heater 7 is communicated with the liquid injection pump 6 through a pipeline, and the liquid heater and the liquid injection pump are controlled by a second valve 30; the gas injection pump 8 and the liquid injection pump 6 are combined and introduced into the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 through pipelines, and a pressure gauge 4 and a control valve 5 are arranged on the pipelines;
the gas-liquid separation device comprises a gas-liquid separator 15, a measuring cup 16, a mass balance 17, a gas flowmeter 19 and a gas collecting tank 18; the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 15 is connected with the backpressure pump 14 through a pipeline, the liquid discharge pipeline of the gas-liquid separator 15 is connected into a measuring cup 16 on a mass balance 17, the exhaust pipeline of the gas-liquid separator 15 is further connected with a gas collecting tank 18, and a gas flowmeter 19 is arranged between the gas collecting tank and the gas collecting tank;
the sand control filter layer comprises a stainless steel sand control filter screen 22 and a tetrafluoro porous filter plate 23.
The gas-liquid separator 15 can separate gas and water decomposed by the hydrate, and the mass balance 17 and the gas flowmeter 19 are respectively used for measuring water yield and gas yield;
the inlet end of the production well 11 is connected with a rotating pipe 24, and the production wells 11 with different angles, including a vertical well, a horizontal well and an inclined well, are obtained by adjusting the rotating pipe 24;
the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is connected with an inlet of the production well 11, an outlet of the production well 11 is connected with a backpressure pump 14, and the branch is used for simulating a depressurization method to exploit hydrate; the side surface of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is connected with a liquid injection pump 6 and a liquid heater 7, and the branch is used for simulating the exploitation of hydrates by a heat injection method and an inhibitor injection method; after the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 synthesizes the natural gas hydrate, the device can simulate a depressurization method, a heat injection method, an inhibitor injection method and a combination method to extract the natural gas hydrate;
the well covers 28 at the two ends of the production well 11 can be disassembled, and sediment is selectively filled into the inner cavity of the production well 11 according to experimental requirements.
In a second embodiment, this embodiment provides a multi-mode production simulation method for different types of gas hydrate reservoirs, and the specific steps described in conjunction with fig. 1 are as follows:
(1) determining the type of hydrate reservoir for simulation: and opening the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2, filling sediments or a mixture of the sediments and ice powder and the like into the high-pressure reaction kettle according to the type of the hydrate reservoir for simulation, and installing the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle. Specifically, the types of hydrate reservoirs for simulation are classified into four types, namely, Class1, Class 2, Class 3 and Class 4;
A) when a Class1 type hydrate reservoir is simulated and synthesized, firstly, the water bath 20 is opened to reduce the temperature in the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 to be below zero, the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is opened, a small amount of non-aqueous sediment is filled into the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 and compacted, and then the mixture of the sediment and ice powder is filled on the sediment and compacted;
B) when a Class 2 type hydrate reservoir is simulated and synthesized, firstly, the water bath 20 is opened to reduce the temperature in the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 to be slightly higher than zero, the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is opened, a small amount of sediment of saturated water is filled into the high-pressure reaction kettle 2, and then a mixture of the sediment and ice powder is filled and compacted on the sediment;
C) when a Class 3 type hydrate reservoir is simulated and synthesized, firstly, the water bath 20 is opened to reduce the temperature in the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 to be below zero, the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is opened, and a proper amount (generally higher than 50 percent depending on the saturation of a sample) of ice powder and sediment are filled into the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 to be uniformly mixed;
D) when a Class 4 hydrate reservoir is simulated and synthesized, firstly, the water bath 20 is opened to reduce the temperature in the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 to below zero ℃, the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is opened, and a small amount (generally 5-20 percent depending on the saturation of a sample) of ice powder and sediment are filled into the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 to be uniformly mixed;
(2) simulating and synthesizing a hydrate reservoir of a corresponding type: after the experimental device is vacuumized, supplying water and gas to the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 to synthesize a hydrate sample with required saturation;
A) the synthetic Class1 hydrate reservoir is an upper hydrate-containing sediment layer, and a free gas layer with the physical property similar to that of rock exists below the hydrate layer;
B) the synthesized Class 2 hydrate reservoir is an upper hydrate-containing sediment layer, and a free water layer is arranged below the hydrate layer;
C) synthesizing a Class 3 hydrate reservoir layer into a single hydrate-containing sediment layer, wherein the single hydrate-containing sediment layer does not comprise a hydrate-free stratum;
D) the synthetic Class 4 hydrate reservoir is formed by dispersedly distributing hydrates in sediments and has lower saturation;
(3) selecting a production well type corresponding to the type of the hydrate reservoir for simulation: adjusting the angle of the production well to obtain the production well with the angle required by the experiment;
(4) determining the production method of the hydrate reservoir: mining simulation experiments under different mining methods are carried out on the hydrate by adjusting equipment of corresponding branches; specifically, the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is connected with an inlet of the production well 11, an outlet of the production well 11 is connected with a backpressure pump 14, the branch is used for simulating a depressurization method to extract hydrate, and depressurization amplitude and depressurization rate need to be determined when the depressurization method is simulated to extract hydrate; the side surface of the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 is connected with an injection pump 6 and a liquid heater 7, the branch is used for simulating an injection heating method and an injection inhibitor method to extract hydrate, and when the simulation injection heating method, the injection inhibitor method or the heating method and the injection inhibitor method are combined to extract hydrate, the temperature and the injection rate of injected fluid need to be determined; after the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 synthesizes the natural gas hydrate, the device can simulate a combination method (a depressurization method + a heating method, a depressurization method + an inhibitor injection method, a depressurization method + a heating method + an inhibitor injection method) for exploiting the hydrate, and the combination method needs to determine the variables at the same time.
(5) And opening the gas-liquid separation device, measuring the water yield and the gas yield after gas-liquid separation, and monitoring the generation, decomposition and secondary generation conditions of the hydrate and the gas-water flow condition through the visualization window 25, the multipoint measurement type thermocouple 3, the temperature sensor 12 and the pressure sensor 13 on the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 and the production well 11 in the whole experiment process.
In the step (1), the high-pressure reaction kettle 2 can be used for preparing the natural gas hydrate without sediment by using pure water or ice powder, and the sediment simulating different types of hydrate reservoirs can be filled in the high-pressure reaction kettle 2. If a hydrate with high saturation is required to be synthesized, a proper amount of ice powder and sediment can be uniformly mixed in liquid nitrogen according to the required saturation, and the ice powder is adopted to synthesize the hydrate; if a hydrate with low saturation is required to be synthesized, the hydrate can be directly utilized to be a hydrate.
In the step (3), the production well 11 can be used for simulating and monitoring the gas-water flow condition in the hydrate production process; the production well 11 may also be filled with sediment for simulating and monitoring the flow of gas-water in the sediment during hydrate production.
In a third embodiment, this embodiment provides a multi-mode production simulation method for different types of gas hydrate reservoirs, which is different from the second embodiment in step (3), and is described below with reference to fig. 1 as well:
and (3) opening the well cover 28 at one end of the production well 11, filling the sediment of supersaturated water into the production well 11, and adjusting the angle of the rotating pipe 24 connected with the production well 11 to enable the production well 11 to be horizontally placed after the well cover 28 is installed. The scheme is used for simulating the condition that gas-water which is far away from the production well 11 and is decomposed after the decomposition of the hydrate near the production well 11 is finished along with the continuous exploitation of the seabed natural gas hydrate and the sediment containing supersaturated water flows.
Other steps are similar to those in embodiment two, and are not described herein.
The method provided by the second embodiment and the third embodiment can systematically research the natural gas hydrate exploitation simulation schemes under different hydrate reservoirs, different production wells and different exploitation methods, and perform efficiency and safety evaluation on different hydrate exploitation schemes by monitoring the generation, decomposition and secondary generation conditions of the hydrate, the gas-water flow conditions and the obtained water yield and gas yield in real time in the implementation process of each exploitation scheme, so that the hydrate trial exploitation scheme can be better optimized and the field trial exploitation of the hydrate can be guided.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A multi-mode exploitation simulation device for different types of natural gas hydrate reservoirs is characterized by comprising a high-pressure reaction kettle, a production well, a temperature control device, a pressure control device, a gas and liquid supply device, a gas-liquid separation device and a data acquisition device;
the lower part of the high-pressure reaction kettle (2) is provided with a base (1); a plurality of multipoint measuring thermocouples (3) are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the high-pressure reaction kettle (2); a sand prevention filter layer is arranged at the center of the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle (2); four visual windows (25) are uniformly distributed on the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle (2); the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle (2) is connected with the kettle body through a screw (26), and a sealing washer (27) is arranged at the contact part of the upper cover and the interior of the kettle body;
an inlet pipeline of the production well (11) is connected with the high-pressure reaction kettle (2) through a rotary pipe (24) capable of adjusting any angle, and a first valve (29) is connected between the inlet of the production well (11) and the rotary pipe (24); one end of an outlet pipeline of the production well (11) is connected with the vacuum pump (10) through a fourth valve (32), and the other end of the outlet pipeline is connected with the backpressure pump (14) through a fifth valve (33); the well covers (28) at the two ends of the production well (11) can be detached, and the inner sides of the well covers (28) are provided with sand control filter layers; a plurality of temperature sensors (12) and a plurality of pressure sensors (13) are uniformly distributed on the production well (11); a plurality of visualization windows (25) are uniformly distributed in the production well (11); the production well (11) comprises a vertical well, a horizontal well and an inclined well;
the temperature control device comprises two constant temperature water baths and a liquid heater (7) which are respectively used for controlling the temperature of the high-pressure reaction kettle (2), the production well (11) and the temperature of the injected liquid;
the pressure control device comprises a backpressure pump (14) and a vacuum pump (10);
the gas and liquid supply device comprises a gas cylinder (9), a gas injection pump (8), a liquid injection pump (6) and a liquid heater (7); the gas bottle (9) is communicated with the gas injection pump (8) through a pipeline, and the gas outlet end of the gas bottle (9) is controlled by a third valve (31); the liquid heater (7) is communicated with the liquid injection pump (6) through a pipeline, and the liquid heater and the liquid injection pump are controlled by a second valve (30); the gas injection pump (8) and the liquid injection pump (6) are combined and introduced into the high-pressure reaction kettle (2) through pipelines, and a pressure gauge (4) and a control valve (5) are arranged on the pipelines;
the gas-liquid separation device comprises a gas-liquid separator (15), a measuring cup (16), a mass balance (17), a gas flowmeter (19) and a gas collecting tank (18); the inlet of the gas-liquid separator (15) is connected with the backpressure pump (14) through a pipeline, the liquid discharge pipeline of the gas-liquid separator (15) is connected into the measuring cup (16) on the mass balance (17), the exhaust pipeline of the gas-liquid separator (15) is further connected with the gas collecting tank (18), and a gas flowmeter (19) is arranged between the gas collecting tank and the gas collecting tank.
2. The multimodal mining simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sand control filtration layer comprises a stainless steel sand control filter screen (22) and a tetrafluoro porous filter screen (23).
3. A multi-mode production simulation method for different types of gas hydrate reservoirs, which is implemented based on the multi-mode production simulation device of claim 1 or 2, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the type of hydrate reservoir for simulation: the device is divided into four types of Class1, Class 2, Class 3 and Class 4;
A) when a Class1 type hydrate reservoir is simulated and synthesized, the upper cover of a high-pressure reaction kettle (2) is opened, water is filled into the high-pressure reaction kettle (2), the volume of the water is less than half of the effective volume of the reaction kettle, a sand prevention filter layer is arranged in the middle of the high-pressure reaction kettle (2), then sediment is filled on the sand prevention filter layer, and the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle (2) is arranged;
B) when a Class 2 type hydrate reservoir is simulated and synthesized, the volume of water filled in the simulated and synthesized Class1 type hydrate reservoir is adjusted to be half of the effective volume of the high-pressure reaction kettle (2), and the rest is unchanged;
C) when a Class 3 type hydrate reservoir is simulated and synthesized, firstly, temperature control equipment is opened to reduce the temperature in the high-pressure reaction kettle (2) to be below zero, an upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle (2) is opened, a mixture of ice powder and sediment which are uniformly mixed is filled into an inner cavity of the high-pressure reaction kettle (2), and the upper cover of the high-pressure reaction kettle (2) is installed;
D) when a Class 4 type hydrate reservoir stratum is simulated and synthesized, only the filler in the high-pressure reaction kettle (2) when the Class 3 type hydrate reservoir stratum is simulated and synthesized is changed into a deposit containing water;
(2) synthesis of the corresponding type of hydrate reservoir: after the high-pressure reaction kettle (2) is vacuumized, supplying water and gas into the high-pressure reaction kettle (2) to synthesize a hydrate sample with required saturation;
A) synthesizing a Class1 type hydrate reservoir layer into an upper hydrate-containing sediment layer and a lower water + free gas layer;
B) synthesizing a Class 2 type hydrate reservoir layer into an upper hydrate-containing sediment layer and a lower water-containing layer;
C) synthesizing a Class 3 hydrate reservoir layer into a single hydrate-containing sediment layer, wherein the single hydrate-containing sediment layer does not comprise a hydrate-free stratum;
D) the synthetic Class 4 hydrate reservoir is formed by dispersedly distributing hydrates in sediments and has lower saturation;
(3) selecting a production well type corresponding to the type of the hydrate reservoir for simulation: adjusting the angle of the production well to obtain the production well with the angle required by the experiment;
(4) determining the production method of the hydrate reservoir: carrying out mining simulation experiments on the hydrate under different mining methods by adjusting equipment;
(5) and opening the gas-liquid separation device, measuring the water yield and the gas yield after gas-liquid separation, and monitoring the generation, decomposition and secondary generation conditions of the hydrate and the gas-water flow condition in the whole experiment process.
4. A multimode mining simulation method for different types of natural gas hydrate reservoirs according to claim 3, characterized in that in the step (3), the well covers at two ends of the production well (11) are disassembled, and the inner cavity of the production well (11) is filled with sediments for simulating the flow of gas-water after hydrate decomposition in the sediments.
5. The multimode mining simulation method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the mining method comprises a depressurization method, a heat injection method, an inhibitor injection method and a combination method, the high-pressure reaction kettle (2) is connected with an inlet of the production well (11), an outlet of the production well (11) is connected with a backpressure pump (14), and the branch is used for simulating the depressurization method to mine hydrates; the side surface of the high-pressure reaction kettle (2) is connected with a liquid injection pump (6) and a liquid heater (7), and the branch is used for simulating an injection heating method and an injection inhibitor method to exploit hydrates; after the high-pressure reaction kettle (2) synthesizes the natural gas hydrate, a multi-mode exploitation simulation device simulates a combination method for exploiting a hydrate reservoir stratum, namely a depressurization method plus a heating method, a depressurization method plus an inhibitor injection method, a depressurization method plus a heating method plus an inhibitor injection method.
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