CN111879912B - Experimental device and method for monitoring secondary generation of drilling and production natural gas hydrate - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for monitoring secondary generation of drilling and production natural gas hydrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN111879912B CN111879912B CN202010776502.9A CN202010776502A CN111879912B CN 111879912 B CN111879912 B CN 111879912B CN 202010776502 A CN202010776502 A CN 202010776502A CN 111879912 B CN111879912 B CN 111879912B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a drilling and production natural gas hydrate monitoring secondary generation experimental device and a method, which are characterized by comprising a hydrate reaction kettle, an ore body crushing drilling machine, a monitoring and preventing kettle, a gas phase flowmeter, a liquid phase flowmeter, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a camera, an inhibitor meter, a control cabinet and a computer, wherein the hydrate reaction kettle is used for monitoring the secondary generation of the hydrate; an ore body crushing drilling machine is arranged at the bottom of the hydrate reaction kettle; the lower part of the hydrate reaction kettle is connected with an inlet of the monitoring and controlling kettle through a first valve; a second valve, a gas phase flowmeter and a liquid phase flowmeter are sequentially arranged at the middle outlet of the hydrate reaction kettle; a first pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor are arranged at the upper part of the hydrate reaction kettle; the monitoring and control kettle is internally provided with a camera, an inhibitor meter, a second pressure sensor and a second temperature sensor, and the device can be widely applied to the field of drilling and production of marine natural gas hydrates.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device and method for monitoring secondary generation of drilling natural gas hydrate, belonging to the field of marine natural gas hydrate drilling.
Background
The natural gas hydrate resource amount is abundant and mainly distributed in land permafrost zones and seabed sediments at the periphery of land margins, wherein the marine natural gas hydrate resource amount is about more than 100 times of the land permafrost zones. The natural gas hydrate on the shallow surface layer of the seabed is kept in a stable state because the natural gas hydrate is in the original temperature and pressure environment of the seabed. However, with the development of ocean oil and gas drilling and production, hydrate pilot production which has been implemented in the world is carried out in diagenetic hydrate ore bodies, and when broken hydrate particles enter a shaft, the stable state of the hydrate particles is influenced along with the change of pressure and temperature, thereby causing the greatest threat to the drilling and production construction safety. On the other hand, hydrate stratum rock debris particles are different from rock debris particles in the conventional marine drilling process, the hydrate rock debris particles in the solid-state fluidized drilling and production process can influence the change of a hydrate ore body structure, the natural gas hydrate solid in a pipeline can be changed due to the change of temperature and pressure in the annular space along with the upward return process of the drilling fluid, the gas-liquid-solid multiphase flow in the whole shaft can further influence the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate, the change of flow parameters in the shaft and the marine drilling safety construction can be further influenced, and a series of serious dangerous accidents can be caused.
Therefore, in order to carry out safe drilling and production and scientific research of the ocean natural gas hydrate to the maximum extent, a drilling and production natural gas hydrate secondary generation monitoring experimental device is urgently needed, and the stable state of the natural gas hydrate in a shaft and whether the pipeline is blocked by hydrate solids can be identified in the deep sea drilling and production process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the invention aims to provide a drilling and production natural gas hydrate monitoring secondary generation experimental device and method capable of identifying the stable state of the natural gas hydrate in a shaft in the deep sea drilling and production process.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a drilling and production natural gas hydrate monitoring secondary generation experimental device comprises a hydrate reaction kettle, an ore body crushing drilling machine, a monitoring and preventing kettle, a gas phase flowmeter, a liquid phase flowmeter, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a camera, an inhibitor meter, a control cabinet and a computer;
the bottom of the hydrate reaction kettle is provided with the ore body crushing drilling machine for decomposing the hydrate sample in the hydrate reaction kettle into a gas phase and a liquid phase; the lower part of the hydrate reaction kettle is connected with an inlet of the monitoring and controlling kettle through a first valve; a second valve, the gas phase flowmeter and the liquid phase flowmeter are sequentially arranged at an outlet in the middle of the hydrate reaction kettle, the gas phase flowmeter is used for measuring the gas phase flow rate decomposed from the hydrate sample, and the liquid phase flowmeter is used for measuring the liquid phase flow rate decomposed from the hydrate; the first pressure sensor and the first temperature sensor are arranged at the upper part of the hydrate reaction kettle, the first pressure sensor is used for collecting the pressure in the hydrate reaction kettle in real time, and the first temperature sensor is used for collecting the temperature in the hydrate reaction kettle in real time;
the monitoring and preventing kettle is internally provided with the camera, an inhibitor meter, a second pressure sensor and a second temperature sensor, the camera is used for collecting images in the monitoring and preventing kettle in real time, the inhibitor meter is used for adding an inhibitor into the monitoring and preventing kettle, the second pressure sensor is used for collecting the pressure in the monitoring and preventing kettle in real time, and the second temperature sensor is used for collecting the temperature in the monitoring and preventing kettle in real time;
the computer is respectively and electrically connected with the gas phase flowmeter, the liquid phase flowmeter, the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the camera, the inhibitor meter and the control cabinet, and the control cabinet is also electrically connected with the ore body crushing drilling machine.
Further, the lower part of the hydrate reaction kettle is connected with an inlet of the monitoring and controlling kettle through the first valve through an openable joint.
Furthermore, the pipeline between the openable joint and the inlet of the monitoring and control kettle is made of sapphire glass with the pressure bearing capacity of 1 MPa.
Further, an inhibitor injection control module, a crushing drilling machine control module, a flow determination module and a hydrate generation monitoring module are arranged in the computer;
the inhibitor injection control module is used for controlling the opening or closing of the inhibitor meter according to the pressure and the temperature acquired by the second pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor and the pressure value and the temperature value which are recorded in advance;
the crushing and drilling machine control module is used for controlling the ore body crushing and drilling machine to be turned on or off through the control cabinet;
the flow determination module is used for determining the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow and the decomposition rate of the hydrate sample decomposed in the hydrate reaction kettle according to the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow measured by the gas phase flowmeter and the liquid phase flowmeter;
the hydrate generation monitoring module is used for observing whether a hydrate is generated in the monitoring and controlling kettle according to the image data collected by the camera, and determining whether a hydrate sample in the hydrate reaction kettle is completely decomposed according to the pressure and the temperature collected by the first pressure sensor and the first temperature sensor.
Further, high definition digtal camera and inhibitor counter fixed the setting are in the upper portion of monitoring prevention and cure cauldron, second pressure sensor and second temperature sensor fixed the setting are in the lower part of monitoring prevention and cure cauldron.
Further, the camera is a high-definition camera, and the resolution of the high-definition camera is 5472 × 3648.
A drilling and production natural gas hydrate monitoring secondary generation experimental method comprises the following steps:
1) Closing the first valve and the second valve, and putting a hydrate sample into a hydrate reaction kettle;
2) Starting a computer and a control cabinet, wherein the computer controls an ore body crushing drilling machine in the hydrate reaction kettle to start through the control cabinet, and hydrate samples in the hydrate reaction kettle are decomposed into a gas phase and a liquid phase;
3) The method comprises the following steps that a first pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor acquire the pressure and the temperature in a hydrate reaction kettle in real time, and when the variation range of the pressure and the temperature acquired by the first pressure sensor and the first temperature sensor in real time is within a preset variation range, a first valve and a second valve are opened;
4) The gas phase flow meter measures the gas phase flow decomposed by the hydrate sample flowing out of the gas-liquid outlet, and the liquid phase flow meter measures the steam flow generated when the hydrate flowing out of the gas-liquid outlet is decomposed;
5) Feeding the broken hydrate slurry in the hydrate reaction kettle into a monitoring and controlling kettle;
6) The second pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor acquire and monitor the pressure and the temperature in the control kettle in real time, and when the temperature acquired by the second temperature sensor is higher than a pre-recorded temperature value and the pressure acquired by the second pressure sensor is lower than a pre-recorded pressure value, the computer controls the inhibitor meter to add quantitative inhibitor into the control kettle;
7) And (3) observing the migration and aggregation processes of the hydrate slurry in real time through a camera in the monitoring and controlling kettle, and monitoring whether the hydrate is generated in the monitoring and controlling kettle.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, as the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the inhibitor meter are arranged in the monitoring and control kettle, when the hydrate solid entering the monitoring and control kettle reaches the generation condition, the inhibitor meter is controlled to automatically add a proper amount of inhibitor to prevent secondary generation of the hydrate and block the pipeline, so that the stable state of the natural gas hydrate in the shaft and whether the hydrate solid blocks the pipeline can be identified in the deep sea drilling and production process, and theoretical and experimental bases are provided for secondary generation of natural gas hydrate particles in the later sea natural gas hydrate drilling and production process.
2. The invention can quickly monitor the stable state of the hydrate sample in the hydrate reaction kettle because the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged in the hydrate reaction kettle, and can determine the gas content and the decomposition rate of the hydrate sample in the hydrate reaction kettle because the gas phase flowmeter and the liquid phase flowmeter are arranged.
3. According to the invention, the high-definition camera is arranged in the monitoring and controlling kettle, so that the migration and aggregation processes of the hydrate slurry can be observed.
4. The device has an inhibiting effect on the generation of gas-liquid mixed transportation and other multiphase pipe flow hydrates, can quickly monitor the gas content of the hydrates, simultaneously inhibits the regeneration of the hydrates and the blockage of the pipelines in the drilling and production process, has a simple structure and reliable performance, is convenient to operate, and can be widely applied to the field of marine natural gas hydrate drilling and production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the pressure and temperature of the monitoring and control tank after the inhibitor is added.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are provided solely for the purposes of promoting an understanding of the invention and that they are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1, the drilling and production natural gas hydrate monitoring secondary generation experimental device provided by the invention comprises a hydrate reaction kettle 1, an ore body crushing and drilling machine 2, a monitoring and preventing kettle 3, a first valve 4, a second valve 5, a gas phase flowmeter 6, a liquid phase flowmeter 7, a first pressure sensor 8, a second pressure sensor 9, a first temperature sensor 10, a second temperature sensor 11, a high-definition camera 12, an inhibitor meter 13, a computer 14 and a control cabinet 15.
The bottom of the hydrate reaction kettle 1 is connected with an ore body crushing drilling machine 2 through a flange 1-1, and the ore body crushing drilling machine 2 is used for decomposing a hydrate sample in the hydrate reaction kettle 1 into a gas phase and a liquid phase. The lower part of the hydrate reaction kettle 1 is provided with a mixture outlet 1-2, and the mixture outlet 1-2 is connected with the middle inlet of the monitoring and controlling kettle 3 through an openable joint 16 and a first valve 4 via a pipeline 17. The middle part of the hydrate reaction kettle 1 is provided with a gas-liquid outlet 1-3, the gas-liquid outlet 1-3 is used for discharging a gas phase of a hydrate sample which is completely decomposed, the gas-liquid outlet 1-3 is sequentially provided with a second valve 5, a gas-phase flow meter 6 and a liquid-phase flow meter 7, the gas-phase flow meter 6 is used for measuring the gas-phase flow of the hydrate sample which is decomposed, and the liquid-phase flow meter 7 is used for measuring the water vapor flow, namely the liquid-phase flow, which is generated due to heat release when the hydrate is decomposed. The upper portion of hydrate reation kettle 1 is provided with first pressure sensor 8 and first temperature sensor 10, and first pressure sensor 8 is used for gathering the pressure in hydrate reation kettle 1 in real time, and first temperature sensor 10 is used for gathering the temperature in hydrate reation kettle 1 in real time.
The upper part of the monitoring and preventing kettle 3 is provided with a high-definition camera 12 and an inhibitor meter 13, the high-definition camera 12 is used for collecting images in the monitoring and preventing kettle 3 in real time, and the inhibitor meter 13 is used for adding an inhibitor into the monitoring and preventing kettle 3. The lower part of the monitoring and preventing kettle 3 is provided with a second pressure sensor 9 and a second temperature sensor 11, the second pressure sensor 9 is used for collecting the pressure in the monitoring and preventing kettle 3 in real time, and the second temperature sensor 11 is used for collecting the temperature in the monitoring and preventing kettle 3 in real time.
The computer 14 is respectively and electrically connected with the gas phase flowmeter 6, the liquid phase flowmeter 7, the first pressure sensor 8, the second pressure sensor 9, the first temperature sensor 10, the second temperature sensor 11, the high-definition camera 12, the inhibitor meter 13 and the control cabinet 15, and the control cabinet 15 is also electrically connected with the ore body crushing drilling machine 2.
In a preferred embodiment, an inhibitor injection control module, a fracturing rig control module, a flow determination module, and a hydrate formation monitoring module are disposed within computer 14.
The inhibitor injection control module is used for controlling the opening or closing of the inhibitor meter 13 according to the pressure and the temperature acquired by the second pressure sensor 9 and the second temperature sensor 11 and the pressure value and the temperature value which are recorded in advance, and adding a corresponding amount of inhibitor into the monitoring and control kettle 3.
The crushing and drilling machine control module is used for controlling the opening or closing of the ore body crushing and drilling machine 2 through the control cabinet 15.
The flow determination module is used for determining the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow and the decomposition rate of the hydrate sample decomposed in the hydrate reaction kettle 1 according to the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow measured by the gas phase flowmeter 6 and the liquid phase flowmeter 7.
The hydrate generation monitoring module is used for observing whether a hydrate is generated in the monitoring prevention and control kettle 3 according to image data collected by the high-definition camera 12 and determining whether a hydrate sample in the hydrate reaction kettle 1 is completely decomposed according to the pressure and the temperature collected by the first pressure sensor 8 and the first temperature sensor 10.
In a preferred embodiment, the mixture outlet 1-2 has a diameter of 318.6mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the resolution of the high definition camera 12 may be 5472 × 3648.
In a preferred embodiment, the pipe 17 may be made of sapphire glass, and has a length of 10m, a pressure-bearing capacity of 1MPa and a diameter of 318.6mm.
Based on the experimental device for monitoring secondary generation of drilling and production natural gas hydrate, the invention also provides an experimental method for monitoring secondary generation of drilling and production natural gas hydrate, which comprises the following steps:
1) The first valve 4, the second valve 5 and the openable joint 16 are closed and a hydrate sample is placed into the hydrate reaction vessel 1.
2) And starting the computer 14 and the control cabinet 15, wherein the computer 14 controls the ore body crushing drilling machine 2 in the hydrate reaction kettle 1 to start through the control cabinet 15, and the hydrate sample in the hydrate reaction kettle 1 is decomposed into a gas phase and a liquid phase.
3) The first pressure sensor 8 and the first temperature sensor 10 acquire the pressure and the temperature in the hydrate reaction kettle 1 in real time, when the variation range of the pressure and the temperature acquired by the first pressure sensor 8 and the first temperature sensor 10 in real time is not obvious, namely within the preset variation range, the hydrate sample in the hydrate reaction kettle 1 is completely decomposed, and at the moment, the first valve 4, the second valve 5 and the openable joint 16 are opened.
4) The gas phase flow meter 6 measures the gas phase flow rate of the decomposed hydrate sample flowing out of the gas-liquid outlet 1-3, and the liquid phase flow meter 7 measures the steam flow rate of the decomposed hydrate flowing out of the gas-liquid outlet 1-3.
5) Due to the liquid level difference, broken hydrate slurry in the hydrate reaction kettle 1 enters the monitoring and controlling kettle 3 from the mixture outlet 1-2 through the pipeline 17.
6) The second pressure sensor 9 and the second temperature sensor 11 collect the pressure and the temperature in the monitoring and control kettle 3 in real time, and when the temperature collected by the second temperature sensor 11 is higher than the temperature value recorded in advance and the pressure collected by the second pressure sensor 9 is lower than the pressure value recorded in advance, the computer controls the inhibitor meter 13 to add quantitative inhibitor into the monitoring and control kettle 3.
7) The high-definition camera 12 in the monitoring and controlling kettle 3 is used for observing the migration and aggregation process of the hydrate slurry in real time and monitoring whether the hydrate is generated in the monitoring and controlling kettle 3, and the hydrate sample is stable after the hydrate generation time in the monitoring and controlling kettle 3 is slowed down by the inhibitor.
As shown in fig. 2, when the reaction time is 1000s, the temperature in the monitoring and control kettle 3 collected by the second temperature sensor 11 is obviously increased to 8.5 ℃, and the pressure collected by the second pressure sensor 9 is suddenly decreased, which indicates that there is a trend of hydrate generation at this time, and the computer 14 controls the inhibitor meter 13 to add a quantitative inhibitor into the monitoring and control kettle 3. When the reaction time is 10000s, the temperature collected by the second temperature sensor 11 is still reduced and not increased when the pressure collected by the second pressure sensor 9 is increased again. When the reaction time is 13600s, no hydrate is observed to be generated through the high-definition camera 12, and the temperature collected by the second temperature sensor 11 is continuously reduced, which shows that the experimental device can effectively inhibit the generation of the hydrate.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection manner, manufacturing process and the like of each component can be changed, and equivalent changes and improvements made on the basis of the technical scheme of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A drilling and production natural gas hydrate monitoring secondary generation experimental device is characterized by comprising a hydrate reaction kettle, an ore body crushing drilling machine, a monitoring and preventing kettle, a gas phase flowmeter, a liquid phase flowmeter, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a camera, an inhibitor meter, a control cabinet and a computer;
the bottom of the hydrate reaction kettle is provided with the ore body crushing drilling machine for decomposing the hydrate sample in the hydrate reaction kettle into a gas phase and a liquid phase; the lower part of the hydrate reaction kettle is connected with an inlet of the monitoring and controlling kettle through a first valve; a second valve, the gas phase flowmeter and the liquid phase flowmeter are sequentially arranged at an outlet in the middle of the hydrate reaction kettle, the gas phase flowmeter is used for measuring the gas phase flow rate decomposed from the hydrate sample, and the liquid phase flowmeter is used for measuring the liquid phase flow rate decomposed from the hydrate; the first pressure sensor and the first temperature sensor are arranged at the upper part of the hydrate reaction kettle, the first pressure sensor is used for collecting the pressure in the hydrate reaction kettle in real time, and the first temperature sensor is used for collecting the temperature in the hydrate reaction kettle in real time;
the monitoring and preventing kettle is internally provided with the camera, an inhibitor meter, a second pressure sensor and a second temperature sensor, the camera is used for collecting images in the monitoring and preventing kettle in real time, the inhibitor meter is used for adding an inhibitor into the monitoring and preventing kettle, the second pressure sensor is used for collecting the pressure in the monitoring and preventing kettle in real time, and the second temperature sensor is used for collecting the temperature in the monitoring and preventing kettle in real time;
the computer is respectively and electrically connected with the gas phase flowmeter, the liquid phase flowmeter, the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the high-definition camera, the inhibitor meter and the control cabinet, and the control cabinet is also electrically connected with the ore body crushing drilling machine;
an inhibitor injection control module, a crushing drilling machine control module, a flow determination module and a hydrate generation monitoring module are arranged in the computer;
the inhibitor injection control module is used for controlling the inhibitor meter to be opened or closed according to the pressure and the temperature acquired by the second pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor and the pressure value and the temperature value which are recorded in advance;
the crushing and drilling machine control module is used for controlling the ore body crushing and drilling machine to be turned on or off through the control cabinet;
the flow determination module is used for determining the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow decomposed from the hydrate sample in the hydrate reaction kettle and the decomposition rate according to the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow measured by the gas phase flowmeter and the liquid phase flowmeter;
the hydrate generation monitoring module is used for observing whether hydrates are generated in the monitoring and controlling kettle according to the image data acquired by the camera and determining whether hydrate samples in the hydrate reaction kettle are completely decomposed according to the pressure and the temperature acquired by the first pressure sensor and the first temperature sensor.
2. The experimental device for monitoring secondary generation of drilling and production natural gas hydrates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower part of the hydrate reaction kettle is connected with the inlet of the monitoring and control kettle through the first valve through an openable joint.
3. The experimental device for monitoring secondary generation of drilling and production natural gas hydrates as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pipeline between the openable joint and the inlet of the monitoring and controlling kettle is made of sapphire glass with a pressure bearing capacity of 1 MPa.
4. The experimental device for monitoring secondary generation of drilling and production natural gas hydrates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the camera and the inhibitor meter are fixedly arranged at the upper part of the monitoring and control kettle, and the second pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor are fixedly arranged at the lower part of the monitoring and control kettle.
5. The drilling and production natural gas hydrate monitoring secondary generation experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the camera is a high-definition camera, and the resolution of the high-definition camera is 5472 x 3648.
6. An experimental method for monitoring secondary generation experimental facility of drilling and production natural gas hydrate based on any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Closing the first valve and the second valve, and putting a hydrate sample into a hydrate reaction kettle;
2) Starting a computer and a control cabinet, wherein the computer controls an ore body crushing drilling machine in the hydrate reaction kettle to start through the control cabinet, and hydrate samples in the hydrate reaction kettle are decomposed into a gas phase and a liquid phase;
3) The method comprises the following steps that a first pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor acquire the pressure and the temperature in a hydrate reaction kettle in real time, and when the variation range of the pressure and the temperature acquired by the first pressure sensor and the first temperature sensor in real time is within a preset variation range, a first valve and a second valve are opened;
4) The gas phase flow meter measures the gas phase flow decomposed by the hydrate sample flowing out of the gas-liquid outlet, and the liquid phase flow meter measures the steam flow generated when the hydrate flowing out of the gas-liquid outlet is decomposed;
5) Feeding the broken hydrate slurry in the hydrate reaction kettle into a monitoring and controlling kettle;
6) The second pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor acquire the pressure and the temperature in the monitoring and control kettle in real time, and when the temperature acquired by the second temperature sensor is higher than a pre-recorded temperature value and the pressure acquired by the second pressure sensor is lower than a pre-recorded pressure value, the computer controls the inhibitor meter to add a quantitative inhibitor into the monitoring and control kettle;
7) And (3) observing the migration and aggregation processes of the hydrate slurry in real time through a camera in the monitoring and controlling kettle, and monitoring whether the hydrate is generated in the monitoring and controlling kettle.
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| CN209416733U (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-09-20 | 中海油能源发展股份有限公司 | A kind of evaluating apparatus of gas pipeline flow assurance |
| CN109681198A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-26 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of multimode exploitation simulator and method for different type gas hydrates reservoir |
| CN110374557A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-10-25 | 中国石油工程建设有限公司 | A kind of gas hydrates subsea production system and method based on fluidisation exploitation |
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