CN102318080B - 太阳能电池用密封膜及使用了该密封膜的太阳能电池 - Google Patents
太阳能电池用密封膜及使用了该密封膜的太阳能电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102318080B CN102318080B CN2010800077944A CN201080007794A CN102318080B CN 102318080 B CN102318080 B CN 102318080B CN 2010800077944 A CN2010800077944 A CN 2010800077944A CN 201080007794 A CN201080007794 A CN 201080007794A CN 102318080 B CN102318080 B CN 102318080B
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- Prior art keywords
- solar cell
- mass parts
- diaphragm seal
- vinyl acetate
- acid
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- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 23
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- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种抑制导线、电极生锈、并且太阳能电池的透明性和发电效率优异的太阳能电池用密封膜及具有该密封膜的太阳能电池。太阳能电池用密封膜及具有该密封膜的太阳能电池,其特征在于,该太阳能电池用密封膜含有乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、交联剂和吸附剂,作为吸附剂,相对于100质量份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,含有0.1~1.5质量份的具有1.54以下的折射率的无机微粒。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及以乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物为主要成分的太阳能电池用密封膜及使用了该密封膜的太阳能电池,特别是涉及透明性和发电效率优异的太阳能电池用密封膜及太阳能电池。
背景技术
近年来,从资源的有效利用、环境污染防止等方面出发,广泛使用将太阳光直接转换成电能的太阳能电池,并正在推进进一步的开发。
太阳能电池一般如图1所示制成如下构造:在由玻璃基板等构成的受光面侧透明保护构件1与背面侧保护构件(back cover,背衬)2之间,介由EVA(乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物)薄膜的受光面侧密封膜3A和背面侧密封膜3B来密封多个硅发电元件太阳能电池用单元4。
这种太阳能电池如下制造:将受光面侧透明保护构件1、受光面侧密封膜3A、太阳能电池用单元4、背面侧密封膜3B和背面侧保护构件2依次层叠,加热加压使EVA发生交联固化而粘接一体化。
太阳能电池在高温高加湿、暴露于风雨中的室外等环境下长期使用时,有时湿气或水会透到电池内部。这样渗入电池内部的水分会到达太阳能电池内部的导线、电极而使它们腐蚀、生锈,结果导致太阳能电池的发电效率降低、耐久性变差。
因此,为了防止电池内部的导线、电极生锈而提高太阳能电池的耐久性,以往,采用使用玻璃板作为受光面侧透明保护构件等的对策(例如专利文献1)。然而,即使这样充分进行太阳能电池的密封,尚未达到防止生锈而充分提高耐久性的地步。
另一方面,为了提高太阳能电池的发电性能,强烈期望使光尽可能有效地入射到电池内并聚光于太阳能电池用单元。从这种观点出发,作为太阳能电池中使用的密封膜,优选具有尽可能高的透明性、对入射的太阳光无吸收无反射、使绝大部分太阳光透过的密封膜,因此,通常使用无色透明且耐水性也优异的EVA薄膜作为太阳能电池中的密封膜。
然而,认为,如果为这种EVA薄膜,则含有醋酸乙烯酯作为构成成分,因此存在易于由高温时湿气或水的透过引起经时水解而产生醋酸的倾向,这种醋酸与内部的导线、电极接触而促进生锈。因此,为了更强地防止太阳能电池内部发生生锈,防止太阳能电池内部的醋酸与前述导线和前述电极接触是最有效的。
因此,专利文献2中,作为太阳能电池的密封膜等中使用的透明薄膜,公开了一种含有0.5质量%以下的平均粒径为5μm以下的酸吸收剂的EVA薄膜。利用含有酸吸收剂的EVA薄膜,可以抑制来自薄膜的醋酸的产生而提高太阳能电池的耐久性。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2000-174296号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2005-29588号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
通过本发明人的研究弄清了,使用MgO、ZnO等金属氧化物作为酸吸收剂时,虽然能够抑制醋酸等羧酸的产生,但是有时EVA薄膜的透明性降低,造成外观不良、发电效率降低。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种抑制导线、电极生锈、并且太阳能电池的透明性和发电效率也优异的太阳能电池用密封膜。
进而,本发明的目的在于提供一种透明性和发电效率优异的太阳能电池。
用于解决问题的方案
上述目的可以通过具有下述特征的太阳能电池用密封膜来达成,
该太阳能电池用密封膜含有乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、交联剂和吸附剂,作为吸附剂,相对于100质量份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,含有0.1~1.5质量份的具有1.54以下的折射率的无机微粒。
以下列出本发明的太阳能电池用密封膜的优选实施方式。
(1)无机微粒的折射率在1.45~1.54的范围。能够抑制EVA薄膜的透明性降低。
(2)无机微粒的pH为9.0以上。容易捕捉产生的醋酸。
(3)无机微粒是含有正电荷价数不同的至少两种金属的复合金属化合物的微粒。复合金属化合物的两种金属优选为Mg和Al,Mg相对于Al的摩尔比优选在2~3的范围。具有良好的吸附作用,并且能够抑制EVA薄膜的透明性降低。
(4)无机微粒为天然或合成的水滑石(hydrotalcite)。具有良好的吸附作用,并且能够抑制EVA薄膜的透明性降低。
(5)水滑石为下式所示的水滑石,
化学式1
Mg4.5Al2(OH)13CO3·3.5H2O。
(6)相对于100质量份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,含有0.1~1.0质量份的吸附剂。
(7)乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物中的醋酸乙烯酯的含量相对于100质量份所述乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物为5~50质量份。
(8)相对于100质量份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,含有0.1~5.0质量份的交联剂。
进而,本发明还在于一种太阳能电池,其特征在于,其使用了本发明的太阳能电池密封膜。
发明的效果
本发明的太阳能电池用密封膜是以乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)为主要成分的密封膜,作为吸附剂,以规定含量含有折射率1.54以下的无机微粒。即使对于含有折射率超过1.54的无机微粒(例如一般的酸吸收剂)的密封膜,使用了这种密封膜的太阳能电池也能够抑制透明性降低,所以也能够抑制发电效率降低。另外,由于能够吸附在高温高湿时由密封膜的水解产生的醋酸等羧酸,因此能够抑制电极、导线生锈。因此,能够提供长期使用时的发电效率的降低得到抑制的太阳能电池。
附图说明
图1表示一般的太阳能电池的剖面图。
附图标记说明
1受光面侧透明保护构件
2背面侧保护构件
3A受光面侧密封膜
3B背面侧密封膜
4太阳能电池用单元
具体实施方式
本发明的太阳能电池用密封膜以乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)为主要成分,并含有特定的吸附剂。本发明的太阳能电池用密封膜用作上述图1所示的密封膜3A、3B。
对于密封膜,为了使入射光较多地入射太阳能电池用单元而期望其具有高透明度(低雾度),尤其要求配置在受光面侧的受光面侧密封膜具有高透明度。因此,为了抑制密封膜的透明性降低,在本发明中,使密封膜中含有作为吸附剂的、折射率为1.54以下(优选为1.45~1.54的范围)的无机微粒。通过使用具有这种折射率的吸附剂,(由于接近所使用的EVA的折射率)可以抑制透明性降低。因此,本发明的太阳能电池用密封膜可抑制导线、电极生锈、并且太阳能电池的透明性和发电效率也优异,还能够长期以良好的状态维持这些特性。
本发明的吸附剂是折射率为1.54以下(优选为1.45~1.54的范围)的无机微粒。上述无机微粒通常具有吸附、吸收醋酸等酸的功能。上述无机微粒优选具有9.0以上(特别是9.0~10)的pH,由此容易吸附太阳能电池内产生的醋酸。
这种无机微粒通常是含有正电荷价数不同的至少两种金属的复合金属化合物的微粒。复合金属化合物的两种金属为Mg和Al。Mg相对于Al的摩尔比在2~3的范围。
作为上述无机微粒的优选例子,可列举出天然或合成的水滑石。天然的水滑石为下述通式(I)所示的水滑石。
化学式2
M1 8-XM2 X(OH)16CO2·nH2O (I)
在上式(I)中,M1表示Mg2+、Fe2+、Ca2+、Ni2+、Co2+或Cu2+,M2表示Al3+、Fe3+或Mn3+,X表示2~5的范围的数,n为0以上。天然的水滑石具有层状结构,能够将阴离子(例如羧酸根离子)引入层间。优选M1表示Mg2+、M2为Al3+。优选Mg相对于Al的摩尔比在2~3的范围。
合成的水滑石为下述通式(II)所示的水滑石。
化学式3
M1 YM2 Z(OH)mCO2·nH2O (II)
在上式(II)中,M1表示Mg2+、Fe2+、Ca2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Cu2+,M2表示Al3+、Fe3+、Mn3+,Y表示4~7的范围的数,Z表示2~3的范围的数,m为10~18的数,n为0以上。合成的水滑石也具有层状结构,能够将阴离子(例如羧酸根离子)引入层间。优选M1表示Mg2+、M2为Al3+。优选Mg相对于Al的摩尔比在2~3的范围。特别优选下述化学式所示的水滑石。
化学式4
Mg4.5Al2(OH)13CO3·3.5H2O
作为市售的合成水滑石,可列举出商品名HT-P(堺化学(株)制造;Mg4.5Al2(OH)13CO3·3.5H2O、平均粒径0.5μm、折射率1.51、pH=9.5)、和商品名DHT-4A(协和化学工业(株)制造;Mg4.3Al2(OH)12CO3·H2O、平均粒径0.5μm、折射率1.51、pH=9.5)等。特别是前者的雾度低是有用的。
在上述特定的无机微粒的基础上,根据需要,也可以次要地使用其他吸附剂(通常作为酸吸收剂使用的物质),例如金属氧化物、金属氢氧化物、金属碳酸化物或复合金属氢氧化物。例如可列举出氧化镁、氧化钙、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙、氢氧化钡、碳酸镁、碳酸钡、碳酸钙、硼酸钙、硬脂酸锌、邻苯二甲酸钙、亚磷酸钙、氧化锌、硅酸钙、硅酸镁、硼酸镁、偏硼酸镁、偏硼酸钙、偏硼酸钡等元素周期表第2族金属的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、羧酸盐、硅酸盐、硼酸盐、亚磷酸盐、偏硼酸盐等;氧化锡、碱式碳酸锡、硬脂酸锡、碱式亚磷酸锡、碱式亚硫酸锡、四氧化三铅、氧化硅、硬脂酸硅等元素周期表第14族金属的氧化物、碱式碳酸盐、碱式羧酸盐、碱式亚磷酸盐、碱式亚硫酸盐等;氧化锌、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、氢氧化铁;氢氧化铝凝胶化合物;等。
相对于密封膜中含有的乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物100质量份,本发明的密封膜中的本发明的吸附剂(无机微粒)的含量为0.1~1.5质量份。相对于100质量份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,无机微粒的含量优选为0.2~1.0质量份,进一步优选为0.3~0.7质量份。前述吸附剂的含量超过1.5质量份时,密封膜的透明度有降低之虞,低于0.1质量份时,有无法由吸附剂得充分的酸吸附特性之虞。
本发明的密封膜含有乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,除了乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物以外,根据需要,也可以次要地组合使用聚乙烯醇缩甲醛、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB树脂)、改性PVB等聚乙烯醇缩醛系树脂,氯乙烯树脂。然而,密封膜中优选仅使用乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。
相对于100质量份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,密封膜的乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物中的醋酸乙烯酯的含量优选在5~50质量份的范围,特别优选在10~40质量份的范围。醋酸乙烯酯的含量低于5质量份时,在高温下交联固化时得到的树脂膜的透明度有不充分之虞,超过50质量份时,有醋酸等变得易于产生之虞。
密封膜的厚度没有特别限制,通常为50μm~2mm的范围。
密封膜通常除了吸附剂和乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物以外还含有交联剂。作为交联剂,优选使用有机过氧化物或光聚合引发剂。其中,由于可得到粘接力、透明性、耐湿性、耐贯通性的温度依赖性改善了的中间膜,因此优选使用有机过氧化物。
作为有机过氧化物,只要在100℃以上的温度下分解而产生自由基就可以使用任何物质。有机过氧化物通常考虑成膜温度、组合物的制备条件、固化温度、被粘物的耐热性、贮藏稳定性来选择。特别优选半衰期10小时的分解温度为70℃以上的有机过氧化物。
作为有机过氧化物,从树脂的加工温度·贮藏稳定性的观点出发,例如可列举出过氧化苯甲酰系固化剂、过氧化新戊酸叔己酯、过氧化新戊酸叔丁酯、过氧化3,5,5-三甲基己酰、过氧化二正辛酰、过氧化月桂酰、过氧化硬脂酰、过氧化2-乙基己酸1,1,3,3-四甲基丁酯、过氧化丁二酸、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(2-乙基己酰基过氧基)己烷、过氧化2-乙基己酸1-环己基-1-甲基乙酯、过氧化2-乙基己酸叔己酯、过氧化苯甲酰、2,5-双过氧化苯甲酸2,5-二甲基己酯、过氧化对氯苯甲酰、过氧化间甲苯酰、过氧化2,4-二氯苯甲酰、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧化4-甲基苯甲酰、过氧化2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、过氧化间甲苯酰+过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化苯甲酰、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧基)-2-甲基环己酸酯、1,1-双(叔己基过氧基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己酸酯、1,1-双(叔己基过氧基)环己酸酯、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己酸酯、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧基)环己酸酯、2,2-双(4,4-二叔丁基过氧化环己基)丙烷、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧基)环十二烷、叔己基过氧化异丙基单碳酸酯、过氧化马来酸叔丁酯、叔丁基过氧化-3,3,5-三甲基己酸酯、过氧化月桂酸叔丁酯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(甲基苯甲酰基过氧基)己烷、叔丁基过氧化异丙基单碳酸酯、叔丁基过氧化-2-乙基己基单碳酸酯、过氧化苯甲酸叔己酯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷等二烷基过氧化物等。
2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷等二烷基过氧化物在交联温度下的分解气体的生成少,是优选的。
在密封膜中,相对于100质量份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯树脂,有机过氧化物的含量优选为0.1~2质量份,更优选为0.2~1.5质量份。有机过氧化物的含量少时,所得密封膜的透明性有降低之虞,含量多时,与共聚物的相容性有变差之虞。
另外,作为光聚合引发剂,公知的任何光聚合引发剂均可以使用,而理想的是配合后的贮藏稳定性良好的光聚合引发剂。作为这种光聚合引发剂,例如可以使用2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙-1-酮、1-羟基环己基苯基酮、2-甲基-1-(4-(甲硫基)苯基)-2-吗啉基丙-1-酮等苯乙酮系;苯偶酰二甲基缩酮等苯偶姻系;二苯甲酮、4-苯基二苯甲酮、羟基二苯甲酮等二苯甲酮系;异丙基噻吨酮、2,4-二乙基噻吨酮等噻吨酮系;作为其他特殊的光聚合引发剂的苯甲酰甲酸甲酯等。特别优选列举出2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙-1-酮、1-羟基环己基苯基酮、2-甲基-1-(4-(甲硫基)苯基)-2-吗啉基丙-1-酮、二苯甲酮等。这些光聚合引发剂根据需要可以以任意的比例混合如4-二甲基氨基苯甲酸之类的苯甲酸系或叔胺系等公知惯用的光聚合促进剂中的一种或两种以上来使用。另外,光聚合引发剂可以仅使用单独一种或将两种以上混合使用。
在密封膜中,相对于100质量份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯树脂,光聚合引发剂的含量优选为0.5~5.0质量份。
对于本发明的密封膜,为了改良或调整膜的各种物性(机械强度、粘接性、透明性等光学特性、耐热性、耐光性、交联速度等),特别是为了改良机械强度,根据需要可以进一步含有增塑剂、粘接促进剂、含丙烯酰氧基的化合物、含甲基丙烯酰氧基的化合物和/或含环氧基的化合物等交联助剂等各种添加剂。
作为前述增塑剂,没有特别限定,通常使用多元酸的酯、多元醇的酯。作为其例子,可列举出邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、己二酸二己酯、三乙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、癸二酸丁酯、四乙二醇二庚酸酯、三乙二醇二壬酸酯。增塑剂可以使用一种,也可以组合两种以上使用。相对于100质量份EVA,增塑剂的含量优选为5质量份以下的范围。
前述粘接促进剂可以使用硅烷偶联剂。例如可列举出γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三氯硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、β-(3,4-乙氧基环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷、γ-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-β-(氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷等。相对于100质量份EVA,这些硅烷偶联剂以5质量份以下、优选以0.1~2质量份使用。
作为前述含丙烯酰氧基的化合物和前述含甲基丙烯酰氧基的化合物,通常为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸衍生物,例如可列举出丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的酯、酰胺。作为酯残基的例子,可列举出甲基、乙基、十二烷基、硬脂基、月桂基等直链状的烷基;环己基、四氢糠基、氨基乙基、2-羟乙基、3-羟丙基、3-氯-2-羟丙基。作为酰胺的例子,可列举出二丙酮丙烯酰胺。另外,还可列举出乙二醇、三乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇等多元醇与丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的酯。
作为前述含环氧基的化合物,可列举出三缩水甘油基三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、新戊二醇二缩水甘油醚、1,6-己二醇二缩水甘油醚、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚、苯基缩水甘油醚、苯酚(亚乙基氧)5缩水甘油醚、对叔丁基苯基缩水甘油醚、己二酸二缩水甘油酯、邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丁基缩水甘油醚。
前述含丙烯酰氧基的化合物、前述含甲基丙烯酰氧基的化合物或前述含环氧基的化合物分别相对于100质量份EVA,各自通常优选含有0.5~5.0质量份、特别优选含有1.0~4.0质量份。
作为交联助剂(除前述含丙烯酰氧基的化合物以外的化合物),可列举出作为公知的交联助剂的三烯丙基氰脲酸酯、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯等3官能的交联助剂,以及(甲基)丙烯酸酯(例如NK Ester等)2官能的交联助剂等。相对于100质量份EVA,这些交联助剂通常以10质量份以下、优选以0.1~5质量份使用。
进而,本发明的太阳能电池用密封膜可以含有紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂和防老剂。
作为紫外线吸收剂,没有特别限制,优选列举出2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-正十二烷氧基二苯甲酮、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2,2′-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮等二苯甲酮系紫外线吸收剂。此外,相对于100质量份EVA,上述二苯甲酮系紫外线吸收剂的配合量优选为0.01~5质量份。
作为光稳定剂,优选使用被称为受阻胺系的光稳定剂,例如可列举出LA-52、LA-57、LA-62、LA-63、LA-63p、LA-67、LA-68(均为株式会社ADEKA制造),Tinuvin 744、Tinuvin 770、Tinuvin 765、Tinuvin 144、Tinuvin 622LD、CHIMASSORB 944LD(均为Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.制造),UV-3034(B.F.Goodrich公司制造)等。此外,上述光稳定剂可以单独使用,也可以组合两种以上使用,相对于100质量份EVA,其配合量优选为0.01~5质量份。
作为防老剂,例如可列举出N,N′-己烷-1,6-二基双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰胺]等受阻酚系抗氧化剂、磷系热稳定剂、内酯系热稳定剂、维生素E系热稳定剂、硫系热稳定剂等。
本发明的密封膜通过使用含有乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、吸附剂、交联剂和根据需要而定的其他添加剂的树脂组合物、依照公知的方法进行成膜而得到。例如可以采用通过使用挤出成形等对前述树脂组合物进行加热压延而成膜的方法等。加热优选以交联剂不会分解的程度进行,通常为50~90℃的范围。
本发明的太阳能电池的结构只要使用上述本发明的太阳能电池用密封膜则没有特别限制。例如可列举出通过在受光面侧透明保护构件与背面侧保护构件之间夹设本发明的太阳能电池用密封膜并进行交联一体化来密封太阳能电池用单元而成的结构等。在该情况下,本发明的太阳能电池用密封膜作为在太阳能电池中配置于太阳能电池用单元的受光面侧和/或背面侧的密封膜使用。
此外,在本发明中,“背面侧”是指太阳能电池用单元的与受光面相反一侧的面。
为了制造太阳能电池,例如如图1所示,将受光面侧透明保护构件1、受光面侧密封膜3A、太阳能电池用单元4、背面侧密封膜3B和背面侧保护构件2层叠,按照常规方法用真空层压机在温度135~180℃、进而140~170℃、特别是140~160℃、脱气时间0.1~5分钟、加压压力0.1~1.5kg/cm2、加压时间5~15分钟的条件下将层叠体加热压接即可。在该加热加压时,通过使受光面侧密封膜3A和背面侧密封膜3B中含有的乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物交联,可以介由受光面侧密封膜3A和背面侧密封膜3B使受光面侧透明保护构件1、背面侧保护构件2和太阳能电池用单元4一体化来密封太阳能电池用单元4。
此外,本发明的太阳能电池用密封膜不仅可以用于如图1所示的那种使用了单晶或多晶的硅晶系太阳能电池单元的太阳能电池,还可以用于薄膜硅系、薄膜无定形硅系太阳能电池、硒化铜铟(CIS)系太阳能电池等薄膜太阳能电池的密封膜。在该情况下,例如可列举出以下结构:在通过化学气相沉积法等而于玻璃基板、聚酰亚胺基板、氟树脂系透明基板等受光面侧透明保护构件的表面上形成的薄膜太阳能电池元件层上层叠本发明的太阳能电池用密封膜、背面侧保护构件并使其粘接一体化而成的结构;在形成于背面侧保护构件的表面上的太阳能电池元件上层叠本发明的太阳能电池用密封膜、受光面侧透明保护构件并使其粘接一体化而成的结构;或者,将受光面侧透明保护构件、受光面侧密封膜、薄膜太阳能电池元件、背面侧密封膜和背面侧保护构件依次层叠并使其粘接一体化而成的结构等。
在本发明中,背面侧密封膜优选进一步含有着色剂。使用含有着色剂的密封膜作为背面侧密封膜时,通过光在背面侧密封膜和受光面侧密封膜的界面的反射、由着色剂引起的漫反射,可以使入射到太阳能电池用单元彼此之间的光、通过了单元的光漫反射而再次入射到单元中,从而可以提高入射到太阳能电池中的光的利用效率、提高发电效率。
本发明的太阳能电池中使用的受光面侧透明保护构件通常为硅酸盐玻璃等玻璃基板即可。玻璃基板的厚度通常为0.1~10mm,优选为0.3~5mm。玻璃基板通常可以是进行过化学强化或热强化的玻璃基板。
本发明中使用的背面侧保护构件为PET等塑料薄膜,考虑到耐热性,优选氟化聚乙烯薄膜。
此外,本发明的太阳能电池(包括薄膜太阳能电池)如上所述,其特征在于受光面侧和/或背面侧所使用的密封膜。因此,对于受光面侧透明保护构件、背面侧保护构件和太阳能电池用单元等除前述密封膜以外的构件,只要具有与现有公知的太阳能电池同样的构造即可,没有特别限制。
实施例
以下,通过实施例来说明本发明。本发明并不限于以下的实施例。
[实施例1]
EVA(醋酸乙烯酯相对于100质量份EVA的含量:25质量份):100质量份
交联剂(2,5-二甲基-2,5-双(叔丁基过氧基)己烷):0.6质量份
交联助剂(三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯):1质量份
添加剂(γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷):0.5质量份
合成水滑石(Mg4.5Al2(OH)13CO3·3.5H2O、平均粒径0.5μm、折射率1.51、pH=9.5、商品名HT-P、堺化学(株)制造):0.1质量份
将上述密封膜的配方供于辊磨机,在80℃下混炼来制备树脂组合物。将所得树脂组合物在100℃下压延成形,自然冷却后,得到厚度0.6mm的密封膜。
[实施例2~7]
在实施例1中,以表1所示的配合量(0.2~1.5质量份)使用密封膜的配方中的合成水滑石(HT-P),除此以外同样地进行而得到密封膜。
[实施例8~9]
在实施例1中,以表1所示的配合量(0.5~0.7质量份)使用Mg4.3Al2(OH)12CO3·H2O(平均粒径0.5μm、折射率1.51、pH=9.5、商品名DHT-4A、协和化学工业(株)制造)作为密封膜的配方中的合成水滑石,除此以外同样地进行而得到密封膜。
[比较例1]
在实施例1中,不使用密封膜的配方中的合成水滑石,除此以外同样地进行而得到密封膜。
[比较例2]
在实施例1中,以6.0质量份使用密封膜的配方中的合成水滑石(HT-P),除此以外同样地进行而得到密封膜。
[比较例3]
在实施例1中,以0.5质量份使用氧化镁(平均粒径0.7μm、折射率1.7)代替密封膜的配方中的合成水滑石,除此以外同样地进行而得到密封膜。
[比较例4]
在实施例1中,以0.5质量份使用氧化锌(平均粒径0.3μm、折射率1.95)代替密封膜配方中的合成水滑石,除此以外同样地进行而得到密封膜。
(密封膜和太阳能电池的评价)
按照下述步骤对上述制作的密封膜和太阳能电池进行评价。
1.醋酸产生量的测定
(1)在由玻璃板(厚度3mm)构成的受光面侧透明保护构件1与由氟化聚乙烯薄膜(厚度50μm)构成的背面侧保护构件2之间夹着所得密封膜(0.6mm)来进行层叠,使用真空层压机在90℃下预压接之后,在烘箱(155℃)中进行20分钟的交联。
(2)交联后,在温度121℃、湿度100%RH的环境中放置240小时,如下所述地测定醋酸产生量。
(3)从试验结束后的层叠体中取出密封膜,将0.5g密封膜在室温(25℃)的丙酮(2.0ml)中浸渍48小时,通过气相色谱法定量丙酮萃取液所含的醋酸量(ppm)。
2.光学特性的测定
(1)在2片白玻璃板(厚度3mm)之间夹着所得密封膜(0.6mm)来进行层叠,使用真空层压机在90℃下预压接之后,在烘箱(155℃)中进行45分钟的交联。
(2)雾度
按照JIS K 7136(2000年),测定(1)的层叠体的雾度值(%)。此时,使用浊度计(日本电色工业(株)制造、NDH-2000型)。将结果示于表1。
(3)总透射率
使用分光光度计(日立制作所(株)制造、U-4000),测定(1)的层叠体的厚度方向的总透射率。
将结果示于表1。
[表1]
根据表1所示的结果,根据使用了本发明的太阳能电池用密封膜的太阳能电池,抑制了醋酸的产生、并且确保了优异的透明性。因此,可知本发明的太阳能电池具有高发电效率。
Claims (6)
1.一种太阳能电池用密封膜,其特征在于,该太阳能电池用密封膜含有乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、交联剂和吸附剂,
作为吸附剂,相对于100质量份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,含有0.3~0.7质量份的、具有1.54以下的折射率且下述化学式所示的天然或合成的水滑石,
Mg4.5AI2(OH)13C03·3.5H20 。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池用密封膜,其中,水滑石的折射率在1.45~1.54的范围。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的太阳能电池用密封膜,其中,水滑石的pH为9.0以上。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的太阳能电池用密封膜,其中,乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物中的醋酸乙烯酯的含量相对于100质量份所述乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物为5~50质量份。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的太阳能电池用密封膜,其相对于100质量份乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物,含有0.1~5.0质量份的交联剂。
6.一种太阳能电池,其特征在于,其使用了权利要求1~5中的任一项所述的太阳能电池密封膜。
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- 2010-02-12 KR KR1020117021198A patent/KR20110126679A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2010-02-12 WO PCT/JP2010/052034 patent/WO2010093005A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-02-12 ES ES10741282.7T patent/ES2525256T3/es active Active
- 2010-02-12 CN CN2010800077944A patent/CN102318080B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-02-12 US US13/148,995 patent/US8679625B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-02-12 EP EP10741282.7A patent/EP2398066B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2001181445A (ja) * | 1999-12-27 | 2001-07-03 | Sakai Chem Ind Co Ltd | 顆粒状造核剤組成物とこれを配合してなるポリオレフィン樹脂組成物 |
JP2007202501A (ja) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-16 | Mkv Platech Co Ltd | ポリオレフィン系農業用多層フィルム |
JP2008118073A (ja) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-22 | Bridgestone Corp | 太陽電池用受光面側封止膜 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5395816B2 (ja) | 2014-01-22 |
WO2010093005A1 (ja) | 2010-08-19 |
JPWO2010093005A1 (ja) | 2012-08-16 |
CN102318080A (zh) | 2012-01-11 |
EP2398066A4 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
KR20110126679A (ko) | 2011-11-23 |
EP2398066B1 (en) | 2014-09-24 |
US8679625B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
US20110319517A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
EP2398066A1 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
ES2525256T3 (es) | 2014-12-19 |
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