CN102304911A - Horizontal dam-free running water impacted power station - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a horizontal dam-free running water impacted power station, and belongs to the technical field of hydroelectric power generation. The power station solves the technical problem that a hydropower station is constructed to supply electrical power to the human beings without building a high dam or without building a dam in a stream, a river or the sea. The invention adopts the technical scheme that: multiple technologies of ancient waterwheels, ships, machinery, power, canals, water conservancy projects, railway guide rails, vehicle guide wheels, concrete agitating lorry brackets, crown block type cranes, flexible ladders, fixed platforms at the tops of pier walls, bridges and the like are integrated in the power station, the power station is combined without building the high dam or without building the dam, and power is generated by using natural current energy of streams, rivers and seas. The power station is mainly used for generating power. The channels and the pier walls of the power station are used for erecting a bridge.

Description

Horizontal does not have dam flowing water and impacts the power station

Affiliated technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of employing streams, rivers, ocean nature flowing water energy carries out hydroelectric facility.

Technical background

At present; The whole world uses hydroelectric unit, and no matter power is few greatly, all be adopt high-order dam retaining (annotate: the high-order dam of this paper be meant height of dam surpass the river degree of depth 1/3rd or more than; The check dam that the river course release floodwatering flow is had considerable influence); Water is concentrated, at the low level place of dam the hydraulic generator unit is installed then, direct water is utilized water-energy generating electricity; In the middle of the existing textbook relevant, data, magazine, books and periodicals with hydroelectric generation, open the content of seeing wherein, almost also all be the dam formula generating of saying.Have the whole world in view, the product that manufacturer production that can production hydroelectric generation unit is come out also is homogeneous dam formula generating set all.Dam formula generation mode has also become the unique selection of present common people's water power.As you know; Dam formula generating set has the water level requirement, and in general the water level below 2 meters can't have been implemented generating basically, so; Building the primary prerequisite in formula power station, dam is exactly must build one higher dam to build a reservoir, is addressing and build a dam that first must consider a problem; Also well-known, be arbitrarily to build high dam on the rivers road, many rivers location is to build the high dam location; Just have ready conditions at last and build the place of high dam; Neither say builds a dam just builds a dam, in case build high dam, reservoir will occur at the upper reaches of building high dam; Consider many problems, as: reservoir scale of investment and recovery timeliness, geology and geomorphology structure, upland water come personnel placement in sand, reservoir area retaining inundated area, the reservoir area, the moving ecological environment of planting ... or the like; So founding a capital now, people to could determine through thinking over repeatedly, assess, proving during each power station; And in the middle of these decisions; Also just lie on the table some ripe power station addressings of thinking that condition is good inadequately or is that all right again on one side or negate that it is sorry that many places are more or less stayed in the process of developing the economy.And the ocean though the ocean current have the tide is flowing and ebbing and also mobile, people are also just using dam formula unit only a few to utilize the water-head of the tide is flowing and ebbing at present, does not remove to utilize those regular and a large amount of mobile seawater because the water surface is broad on a large scale.Along with The development in society and economy; The demand of electric power is increasing, and present dam formula hydroelectric generation receives many restrictions owing to have certain drawback and limitation so develop; Therefore traditional thermoelectricity is also done more and more, done bigger and bigger, also more and more heavier to the pollution of the earth! Cause the modern humans all constantly bearing mankind's pollution disaster that make, more and more serious of controlling oneself! And take a broad view on the rivers ocean water surface big and small on the earth, though had some formula power stations, dam on the rivers, but have many locations not have to utilize because of not building reservoir; Everybody is also just empty to the current of diffluence in vain.Some scholars also also can only send this and sigh with deep feeling: " torrential year multiple year of rivers, who sympathizes with resource space stream ", " the billowing stream eastwards of rivers, stream all be coal and oil " ....It is a matter of public knowledge that current have huge energy, though nearly two over 100 years the mankind begun to utilize the rivers generating that constructs a reservoir, for the mankind have made undeniable contribution; But still stay on the rivers and manyly can not build the location that high dam constructs a reservoir because of a variety of causes and let current flow through in vain from top to bottom; The downstream of great rivers particularly, discharge is big, and rivers two bank soils are fertile; Be again the live desirable places of productive life of people; Densely populated, can not go to build high dam and construct a reservoir, current are let alone trickling basically.And broad ocean is empty and useless except doing ship's navigation basically! Some marine islands just are deeply aware of one's own helplessness when faced with a great task in the face of powerful ocean current owing to have no idea to build formula power station, dam, the electricity consumption great majority must use diesel engine to be used as power and generate electricity, and promptly make noise contaminated air again; Though the development of present wind-powered electricity generation is very fast, but the unstable of wind-resources makes people powerless at present.And the present people of the ocean current method that also has nothing good is gone generating, can only be to hang back.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the deficiency that dam type power plant causes, the present invention's " horizontal does not have dam flowing water and impacts power station (being called for short: Wu Ba power station, use abbreviation in the following content of this paper) " adopts weir or does not have the dam pattern, has avoided building the problems that high dam becomes reservoir to bring.And because it can not have the dam mode operation, so can extensive use in the various current that kinetic energy arranged, comprise streams, rivers, ocean.Select for people provide another new hydroelectric generation, remedied another blank on world's hydraulic electricity history.Also a brand-new water power, mechanics study problem are provided simultaneously for water power fan in the future.On rivers, build this power station and do not receive rivers region, geology and geomorphology structural limitations basically,, offer the power station as long as other rivers and streams have any location of flowing water to install except having this very cause specific in reservoir location can not build a station; And the setting in power station, section can carry out short distance, the setting of successive steps formula according to the river fall situation, and forming the basin section does not have the dam station group, makes things convenient for the construction of power management and ancillary facility yet.A GPRS exact hydrology data also can be built some power stations, ocean according to ocean water flow path direction rule in the ocean.Because it is convenient to build this mode power station; As long as also have energy in the current; No matter be potential energy or the kinetic energy in the ocean current in the river waterflow, also flow size no matter is as long as select and manufacture and design unit according to the energy size; Just can in streams, rivers, ocean, build the power station, therefore be expected to big and small streams, fluviatic most water can be converted into electric energy.

The 2nd, in case build a station, can improve the riverbed of the rivers section of building a station, build through seriation embankment conveyance system; Can prevent bank protection by firm two bundings; Prevent the bank slump phenomenon that causes because of current, improve or strengthen the flood control capacity of this rivers section, play put things right once and for all, the offspring benefits future generations; Doing electricity through societal forces simultaneously harnesses the river; Thoroughly solution people Wang He heaves a sigh, no money is administered rivers and only harnessed the river by one side of government investment now and do not have direct economic benefit to repay difficult situation, is expected to open many large, medium and small all kinds of investor's convenience of wanting to invest water power.The section of building a station simultaneously can also make two bank traffic routes connect because of building a power station, convenient two bank people's interchange, trip, the favourable local expanding economy of accelerating; This point big good message especially concerning the people on island; Because island and land is many inconvenience because of water is separated with, the channel pier foundation of wall in power station has been arranged, building a bridge just becomes very easy again.The birth in this power station is simultaneously also carried out the aggregate plan construction and is laid a good foundation for country from now on or local bridge construction, power station, rivers straits are administered, and plays the effect of multipotency at one stroke.

The 3rd, build a Wu Ba power station small investment, instant effect; Because do not build high dam, just not have to pay wages because of building the storage that high dam upper reaches one-tenth reservoir causes more yet, Foundation Design also need not as building the input that high dam will be bigger; More need not consider problems such as headachy immigrant.Build a power station then and can generate electricity in the investment year in general rivers location, resemble the Changjiang river build a station conservative estimation on the river of flow so greatly can be above 3 years yet.Though and can build a station everywhere in the ocean because present technology can only carry out in the shallow sea, and the investment of power station, ocean is relatively large because factor costs such as construction inconvenience maybe also can be higher, building time also relatively can be longer.It should be appreciated that: set up this power station can the ship in the rivers ocean be affected (because will take the rivers ocean water surface); And use the most praiseworthy point of this power station pattern to be: as long as the water that flows has energy to exist; Just can send electric energy; The big more generated energy of discharge is also big more; Basically can be described as at all with the nuclear technology of having grasped at present and to have the generating of can both building a station of the streams river waters of energy, its tool application value.Though the whole generating unit is built on the rivers and streams, do not fear flood, be only afraid of not having water, because the electromechanical component of whole generating unit all is mounted on the ship or is higher than on the above fixed platform of the highest water surface.Be higher than the above platform of the highest water surface and need not work as edema with the heart involved; And ship is a kind of with when the river rises the boat goes up, water the falls low object of ship; So also need not take care flood inundation on tracks generator problem, river flood is because the current increase also can help generating set performance maximum generation function conversely; As far as Wu Ba power station, ocean, owing to there is not the indefinite flood of water level to threaten, can not use boats and ships, as long as flood tide that water level designs fix platform can guarantee that the power station is normally moved in the permanent position by maximum.And because the current in the rivers ocean comparatively speaking all can be more stable in short-term, even if the water-break of rising also is a steady process, so the electric current that sends can not cause unstable power as wind-powered electricity generation.If mix automation control when this power station is moved, can also accomplish unmanned, more economical like this practicality.

The 4th, this power station is to belong to hydroelectric a kind of, pollutes to produce and carbon emission, does not also have formula power station, dam to build all negative factors appearance that high dam causes, and is a kind of environment-friendly type power station of letting nature take its course, using nature; Simultaneously; Because above-mentioned several functions and effect are arranged, in the surging modern society of electricity needs, though each power station unit can not produce as every in the dam formula generator electric energy up to hundreds of thousands kilowatt; But can build the step station through short distance on rivers and remedy this deficiency with quantity; If a reservoir dam formula plant generator is compared, under the equal situation of the drop in shared river, gross generation should can not lacked than formula power station, dam; Just this power station just is not so good as formula power station, dam owing to there is not water storage to transfer big vast function in function aspects such as water conservation accent floods.And on the ocean, dam formula unit can not utilize ocean current except utilizing the generating of morning and evening tides drop at all at present; But this power station not only can utilize tidal power generation, but also can utilize ocean current power generation, for following exploitation ocean, developed area, region following the line of the sea water power has been created fabulous technical condition.Anyway; Believe in the near future; To the Wu Ba power station in full flourish in; The electric energy one that Wu Ba power station unit is sent on big and small rivers and streams and the ocean substitutes the fuel power station that present major part is prone to pollute surely, and reduces fuel consumption, reduction or this social hard nut to crack of pollution abatement discharging, and water power is sent out Yang Guangda and become the main flow of power-generating industry from now on.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:

One, the principle of utilization water channel is built the water channel formula Foundation Design (being included in streams, rivers, ocean) that plant generator is used, and the boats and ships that utilize the Dun Qiang end in bank protection end or the current that streams, rivers power station are used have had a point that can rely on, locate; And the Dun Qiang top in bank protection top or the current also makes and is in the water surface generating set electric current outlet line safe and rational export platform has been arranged; Simultaneously the water channel formula riverbed current that also make liquid condition are when running into the unit water wheels and stop, current can not disperse, and can only can concentrate water biography to water wheels by people's will.And the Dun Qiang top in the ocean makes electromechanical equipment that a fixing working platform arranged on the water surface.

Two, use the gate technology current are focused on one or more main water channels that are used for generating electricity; In rivers and streams, using gate one is can not build a dam to rely on gate that water is assembled, and when assembling, improves the unit upper pond level and forms drop.Certain most of rivers section is all had ready conditions and is used the weir technology, also can combine with gate by weir, forms higher water drop, makes the upper river form a miniature reservoir, improves the power station and can utilize this section river water, increases generated energy.The 2nd, interim when flood, whenever increase to certain altitude and can open one of them penstock shutter to keep river course normally sluice down stream and generating needs, open fully up to each channel gate, make that flood is smooth to be let out under suitable; When water-break, whenever fall back on certain position and close one of them penstock shutter and flow down the needs of letting out and generate electricity with control river course normal water; Close river recovery normal flow state fully up to each flood discharge channel gate.The 3rd, gate can be closed ditch water flow and accomplished this compressor emergency shutdown operation when the unit normal flow need be shut down.

Three, the principle of utilization hydraulic buoyancy in water wheels roam all around the would up and down, is made " H " special type ship oceangoing ship platform, water wheels the opposing party, presses the boats and ships platform that a cubic type is made in water channel width or step groove position, forms one group of single-wheel unit.Also can be in first water wheels party upstream; Make " H " special type ship oceangoing ship platform; The boats and ships platform of making a cubic type by water channel width and step groove position is placed in the middle of two water wheels; Making " H " special type ship oceangoing ship platform, form one group of two-wheel unit again second water wheels downstream side.Boats and ships adopt a plurality of canoes or buoyancy tank to form, and boats and ships length, width can design as the case may be; Each boats and ships platform uses the connection support to connect, and connecting the support minicomputer can connect the side, also can middle arch connect, and big-and-middle-sized machine interposition must will be encircleed even; Corresponding dynamo-electric facility just is installed on link or the boats and ships framework platform; Make the generating mechanical part element task platform that can turn round just arranged like this at the water surface.But marine technology is just used rivers and streams Wu Ba power station, and Wu Ba power station, ocean but need not to use; Because marine technology just designs to solving the indefinite flood of water level, and the ocean does not have this problem.

Four, utilization bridge pier and step know-why is before the meeting of sloping wall or Dun Qiang, backwater end, by water wheels design height and the some carrying piers of front and back boats and ships water level requirement construction; Or according to the unit needs; When the pier of carrying has been arranged; Again on the middle walls of sloping wall or Dun Qiang; Offer the breach do carrying step of the vertical water surface of several " ∏ " types equally by the water wheels design height, boats and ships and element task platform whole gravity when normal flow is born by carrying pier and step, form hanging shape with the water surface; When flood rise to being higher than when carrying pier or step; This moment, element task platform gravity was born by boats and ships, the buoyancy through boats and ships by water with the workbench weight transfer to the earth, when the river rises the boat goes up; Water is return the position; Guarantee that so all the time water wheels contact with current, can continually energy be passed to generator, let generator operation generate electricity.But Wu Ba power station, ocean need not to build in addition the carrying pier, because it does not use technology such as boats and ships, guide rail guide wheel, does not also operate up and down, and it is to be fixed on Dun Qiang top and operation for all electromechanical equipments.

Five, utilization railroad rails positioning and directing know-why, Dun Qiang end end facing water or back water two ends in bank protection end and river are installed the track vertical with the water surface; Also can increase " ∏ " type breach position attachment rail at pier wall interlude according to unit size needs.The effect one of mounting guide rail is when moving up and down, to lead accurately and locate to this element task platform of boats and ships, cooperates the guide wheel technology, makes the water wheels can only be by will steady running in water channel of people; The 2nd, adjust the error of perpendicularity of sloping wall because of occurring in the architectural process, let water wheels and boats and ships element task platform that a passage that keeps straight line to move up and down can be arranged; The 3rd, two end faces of guarantor's slope wall or Dun Qiang directly do not contact boats and ships element task platform with sloping nose face when operation, the also convenient simultaneously maintain and replace that carry out from now on.But Wu Ba power station, ocean need not to use this technology.

Six, utilization rolling stock four-wheel guiding technique principle; On each end points that contacts with guide rail; Each is installed one and is with the walking mechanism that take turns in the guiding garden; And this mechanism is fixed on connects support and be connected intersection with " H " type ship oceangoing ship platform, formation works the guide effect that moves up and down to the location of boats and ships element task platform and water wheels when flood.Wu Ba power station, ocean is without this technology.

Seven, traditional waterwheel principle and the lever principle of utilization built water wheels; The little type that streams, river are used directly adopts traditional water wheels to drive generator work with the mode of axle transmit force, can convert water to electric energy.And the long or bigger water wheels that some great rivers and ocean are used; Owing to weight and the stressed bigger reason of water wheels; Main shaft might be difficult to bear the weight and the current of water wheels and make a concerted effort to the impact that water wheels bring; So be employed in the mode of embedding garden, water wheels outer ring wheel and outer ring gear, and take turns garden, whole outer ring wheel, outer ring gear (or outer ring chain wheel) with waterwheel and to combine together, take turns by carriage and garden, outer ring and share water wheels weight and impact force; Change the structural behavior that the driving force of traditional gear shaft kind of drive middle gear axle head equates with gear increment driving force; Make water wheels when gear spreads out of energy force, waterwheel outer ring gear increment bears the driving force maximum, and the water wheels axle head receives driving force minimum, accomplishes that waterwheel directly spreads out of energy force to dynamo-electric facility without the through-drive mode, converts flow energy to electric energy.

Eight, the utilization concrete twists the transport vehicle carriage principle of stumbling; Build long big type water wheels carriage, and carriage is linked to each other with the element task platform, or carriage does not link to each other with workbench; Or make fixing " U " type body at the bottom, concrete size with use carriage quantity to design according to water wheels.Like this, carriage promptly can carry water wheels because of not only long but also big weight and the impact force of water flow that main shaft can't be born, and can guarantee the running of unit normal and stable again.Can also guarantee that water wheels can both keep normal coupling that waterpower is transferred to generator with water, electromechanical equipment under the various water level situation of current fluctuation.But minicomputer need not to use this technology when using the axle transmit force.Because minicomputer is as long as the structure that designs such as main shaft, skeleton can be born water wheels gravity and water flow impact pressure can reach the unit safety purpose of generating electricity.

Nine, technology such as the traditional bridge structure of utilization, sprocket wheel application, the lifting of overhead traveling crane formula, rope ladder, guide groove, and these technology are combined together and to the channeling conduct of power supply output lead, the electric energy safe that sends is normally exported.Type power station, ocean or adopt top fixed platform technology need not to use this technology; Because the water wheels in type power station, ocean or fixed platform power station, top and generating set are on a fixed pedestal platform, platform itself can the construction of line and ancillary facility directly electricity is exported from generating set.

Also use other technology and principle simultaneously; As: electricity, ship lock are sent in bearing, gearbox, clutch, transformer, power distribution cabinet, the transmission of electricity of water surface fixed platform (bag is known streams, rivers extreme high water and ocean climax water level), crane, hydraulic pressure, dribbling shape circle ... wait these supporting with it modern universal machines, electric power, water conservancy aspect technology and principle, the just explanation no longer one by one of this manual.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: can not receive the geologic structure restriction in the place that flowing water is arranged, be convenient for people to set up water-power plant with the mode of not building high dam or do not build a dam; Water ground (the water: refer to streams, river or ocean current that protection is local; Ground: refer to soil, riverbed, island) physical geographic environment, when building a station, improve or strengthen building a station a flood control, anti-water and soil loss ability; And with the structure letter form when, small investment, instant effect, economy, environmental protection, change big and small hydraulic power potentials into electric energy and supply the daily productive life of people to use, alleviate current energy crisis; For the mankind provide another hydroelectric generator group selection and research section topic, for the popular water power of doing provides a good cause technical foundation.Be country or the local effect that bridge construction, power station, improvement the carrying out aggregate plan construction of rivers straits is played one action multipotency.And, can also drive iron and steel, building materials, machining, electronic apparatus, engineering construction during widespread adoption ... wait the economic development of a plurality of industries because this power station of construction needs constructional materialss such as a large amount of steel, cement; And water power has also been created necessary electric power guaranteed conditions for electromechanical industries development from now on when in a single day becoming the main force of power industry.

The specific embodiment

Minicomputer Wu Ba power station: (like diagrammatic sketch 1)

One, selects a streams or river stream location; And build at this point that the segment length can resist this section maximum flood more than three or three and to resist whole plant generator impact force that hull brings equates in the main stem of section, the Dun Qiang (like diagrammatic sketch 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7) of two ends and neat water channel formula reinforced concrete structure, make the formation of streams or river surface two or many water channel formula river courses; The width of channel is according to the river run-off and use generating channel quantity to decide; General use wherein one or more use channel for generating; Other position is as blocking sluice gate, so that the high drop of formation of flooding increases the impact force increase generated energy of current to water wheels; The height and the width that block sluice gate can design as the case may be; Place with good conditionsi also can be assembled water with the mode of weir; Stay one or more channel opening be used for the generating, other design one or more be lower than the generating canal mouth channel or duct be used to drain sandstone.At the front end of the channel Dun Qiang of the usefulness that is used to generate electricity, highly build a plurality ofly with high carrying pier by the water wheels requirement, form the step of a kind of " L " shape with Dun Qiang; According to the unit needs; Can be on the middle walls of Dun Qiang; Offer the breach of several " ∏ " vertical water surface and make to carry step, " ∏ " shape carrying step can add at the canal tail end when not enough builds the carrying pier, and the carrying pier carries step with " ∏ " shape and forms the minimum work plane of power station unit; Under general runoff situation, need not to regulate any equipment and promptly carried boats and ships working platform weight, do not influence power station hydraulic turbine work again.Build up the Foundation Design in power station like this.Dun Qiang can utilize the high slope of river outer curve to build the stressed crossbeam in top [like diagrammatic sketch 7 (e)] according to the concrete condition in river course as far as possible, can improve the resistance power of Dun Qiang like this, reduces the length of Dun Qiang.If be necessary, also can not use load-bearing pier and step, the boats and ships platform is placed on the water surface, on the machine group platform, set up a cover hoisting mechanism again and change unit podium level and water wheels underwater penetration with the flow depth conversion.If the top needs to build bridge, can suitably pier wall width, length, altitude information increase be got final product as required.The infrastructure of water channel Dun Qiang can reference with use modern bridge to build the whole bag of tricks of pier, also can be to use the machine of building a dam that integrates trench digging, propelling, casting cement of I invent multi; Also can squeeze into some dark stakes earlier to some soft foundations, do dam pier foundation engineering on the ground in dark stake again, specifically can determine according to actual conditions.

Two, upstream and downstream two ends of sloping Dun Qiang or between a place, design and installation gate, the height of gate generally can store water yield height by the run-off in river and river, upper reaches section and come design and installation; Too high one is that cost is big; The 2nd, the Wu Ba power station there is not too big effect, because water is not raiseeed in the Wu Ba power station, be to build a station mostly in the location that can't repair formula power station, dam; Only needing current are concentrated can have certain drop to be used for generating to get final product; Generally come the fixed strobe height, so promptly had drop to satisfy the needs of generating, can not influence river course flood and two bank environment again with about 2 to the 3 times of left and right sides depth of water height of the normal run-off in river.Section with good conditionsi gate is high more certainly good more, is to improve the optimal selection of unit generation amount because improve drop; But must be under the prerequisite that does not influence two banks.The pattern of gate adopts flap gate more convenient generally speaking, and the channel that need not generate electricity is installed in the canal tail or the canal interlude all can; Generating is installed in head works with channel.If the employing weir is arranged, gate then is installed in dam crest [like diagrammatic sketch 2 (b)] or channel pier wall two sides are done in one line.If the employing weir, the channel that do not generate electricity also can not use gate, specifically can determine according to actual conditions.Gate adopts hydraulic cylinder pushing tow mode to come switch channel (like diagrammatic sketch 19).Because can't go the people to operate in the riverbed when flood takes place, so on the coast the operation-control switch gate; Gate is reserved when the rope pull mechanism is provided against any contingency the hydraulic pressure damage and is used; The high width of gate generally designs by discharge of river amount and channel width, can form a channel gate by a plurality of gates, also can a channel be done a gate; Head works is reserved that stoplog lock or flat sluice foundation plinth are prepared against urgent need or is used when supplying to keep in repair; Small-sized Wu Ba power station unit channel does not generally use the herringbone fashion gate, and the herringbone fashion gate mainly is to be used for navigable river to make navigation lock, and height and big I are decided with requiring as the case may be; Under the normal flow situation, use; In flood period, navigation lock is opened equally and is carried out flood discharge when gate is all open, and the river course gets into reset condition at this moment; If do not build weir, boats and ships can be sailed through to through the section, power station; If weir is quoted in the power station, design is higher could satisfy the ship lock needs to the herringbone fashion gate with regard to needing.If the bigger river streams of the height of water; Also can just begin to build the water wheels position, channel groove to power station of a polywater formula nearby at the upper reaches, power station; So promptly can polywater, need not use various channels again, just can form required current in power station and energy.And if other position there is no need in the river of streams, can let its keep nature, can in the main flow groove of brook, build up plant generator and cost is low again, do not lose the flood discharge drain function in streams itself again.But also can build permanent lower polywater weir in the river or the streams of some condition permissions; So also being one selects preferably; Just built weir and just need build energy dissipating pond, downstream, otherwise flood might be washed in a pan downstream, dam ground empty and cause the dam foundation to wash away and the power station is damaged when crossing the dam by the dam principle.

Three, meet at Po Qiang, backwater end face step position loads onto the guide rail perpendicular to the water surface respectively with the upper part; It is not impaired when the element task platform moves up and down because of the sum of errors guarantor slope wall end that possibly occur in the architectural process to adjust sloping wall; Simultaneously element task platform and water wheels are precisely located; Make the water wheels can stable operation in channel, avoid water wheels when making garden Zhou Yundong, to vacillate now to the left, now to the right and damage slope wall or pier wall surface, also make things convenient for Installation and Debugging and maintenance (like diagrammatic sketch 9) simultaneously.A guide wheel (like diagrammatic sketch 10) or a cover are installed like train wheel four-wheel location guide wheel mechanism (like diagrammatic sketch 20) in " H " of boats and ships element task platform type end and sloping wall guided way contact point (back water two ends) position; Make whole flat under the impact and buoyancy of current; Can not move, can only when water rises, move up and down along track by left-right and front-back, make generation platform when water rises, form a kind of object as elevator with boats and ships by the guide wheel guiding.

Four, make one or wide " H " type frame foundation platform boats and ships (like diagrammatic sketch 10) of ratio channel formed by many canoes (or buoyancy tank); Be installed in upstream extremity; The opening port of " H " type framework and channel be with wide, and opening is aimed at the channel port that meets water, and guide wheel mechanism is installed on the openend again; With the guide rail bit alignment, be placed in then on the preceding carrying pier of sloping pier wall upstream extremity; Make one or again, be placed in the step of offering in the middle of the channel two sloping pier walls or carry on the pier by the cubic boats and ships platform that many canoes (or buoyancy tank) are formed; Between two ships of upstream and downstream water wheels are installed; The centre is linked to be whole form a machine work platform with two hulls by link under the situation that does not influence the water wheels running; Link is to play the front and back boats and ships are connected and bear and support water wheels weight and active force; It is fixed that specification requires specifically to press the water wheels size; General less type can adopt the pier wall outside to connect, and arch form connects in the middle of also can adopting, and must adopt arch to connect in the middle of big types; Before and after the boats and ships platforms mainly be under flood regime, let platform all remain on the water surface all the time and make water wheels contact running with current; It is to keep in repair for ease and change that the boats and ships platform is made up of a plurality of canoes (or buoyancy tank), the boats and ships platform generally speaking supporting capacity require will to surpass at least whole flat total weight and suffered impact force close more than 2 times., " H " ship, the centre is water wheels, a cubic ship through the link combination, so just forms a single water wheels unit.The water wheels of single water wheels unit can be contained in head works, also can be contained in the canal tail, can design as the case may be.If water wheels and another " H " type frame foundation platform boats and ships are installed at the opposing party's canal mouth place of cubic boats and ships platform more again, supporting more corresponding carrying and stressed Dun Qiang just form a two water wheels unit.Can use or not make upstream and downstream one end or two ends " H " type ship as the case may be when using two water wheels, specifically how design, can be according to actual conditions, purpose is the generating as long as more convenient unit is built a station under various situation.

Five, take turns the traditional water wheels of radial design manufacturing by the design generating with the garden of the channel runoff depth of water more than 2 times with the axle transmit force; Minicomputer water wheels processing and fabricating is relatively easy; Do not have any high-precision requirement,, process paddle and skeleton by design width as long as by a main shaft that is of convenient length of run-off design and process; During general assembly skeleton and paddle are welded on runner or the main shaft; But paddle need not each blade all to be connected on the main shaft, can connect a slice paddle to main shaft according to one or several blade of the every interval of water wheels size, and the paddle that the end connects main shaft can be welded on the skeleton from the outer ring to the length of main shaft according to concrete Position Design; Weld some simultaneously and connect skeleton, and keep the outer garden of whole water wheels, width dimensions, verticality, force structure to get final product, two limits (or two ends) with the water wheels paddle seal then, water wheels.The effect of water wheels two ends sealings mainly is to make full use of current, and (or two ends) flow out and waste water resource the water of the water wheels that guarantee to have flowed through from two limits.Making can be accomplished in minicomputer water wheels factory or scene, just because the water wheels diameter generally all can be bigger, considers preferably on-the-spot manufacturing of transportation problem and general assembly.

Six, generator is if adopt being contained on the link of main shaft transmission power, design about the water wheels main shaft two ends all can, simultaneously according to auxiliary equipments such as concrete electric generator type design gear, motor pedestal, switchbox, electrical equipment; If adopt to embed outer ring gear (or outer ring chain wheel) without main shaft transmission power mode, generator then is contained on the ship platform or middle link of upstream and downstream, and corresponding auxiliary equipment also changes by this transmission means simultaneously; The transmission power mode can be selected for use, but minicomputer generally adopts main shaft transmission power mode easier.Whether minicomputer generally can use cable to export as electric power, need use contracting mechanism to design as the case may be.The electric energy that sends can carry out distribution as the case may be and carry.

Seven, other modern general dynamo-electric ancillary facility, conveyance system and facility then design and produce with needs as the case may be, in the just explanation no longer one by one of this this manual.

Big-and-middle-sized Wu Ba power station:

Big-and-middle-sized machine basic principle roughly is the same with making and minicomputer; Just because the size of big-and-middle-sized machine can be bigger than minicomputer; The water wheels design also can be longer, if rely on main shaft transmission power again, because strength increases; Water wheels main shaft, skeleton can require to design and produce quite sturdy, could satisfy main shaft and paddle and can not twist and be out of shape; But any object, owing to gravity or external impacts, weight of self and external force can cause the middle part buckling phenomenon to occur with joint efforts when length reaches certain value; Water wheels are no exception, in case crooked, middle paddle will be extruded distortion, if want not make its distortion, also must improve supporting capacity, and so, whole unit weight will become heavier.The factor that weight increases other each part distortion also can so just must also increase the bearing capacity of other each parts because of increasing, and forms a kind of vicious circle, and each parts design of unfavorable power station is made.And each parts bearing capacity increase also can cause cost to increase, and the autophage energy also can increase.Besides main shaft transmission power also has one to be exactly the installation question of generator, and the river waterflow amount is big more, and design water level is high more, and generator power and weight relatively also can strengthen; Axle transmission power can only can be adorned speed change gear and generator at two ends of water wheels; The weight of water wheels and generating set and stressed two ends that all concentrate on; Cause each parts stressed extremely uneven; Parts such as water wheels, boats and ships platform, bearing support are worked under this unbalanced condition for a long time, and each structural member is easy to cause fatigue and makes the distortion of some part distortion and damage.If the river waterflow amount is bigger, and power station water level design is higher, and the bearing of depending merely on two ends might can't bear, and bearing is in case damage, and water wheels also just can't normal operation, generates electricity and also just can't carry out.Owing to there are these factors to exist, therefore, big-and-middle-sized machine water wheels can not be by designing by the conventional thought of main shaft transmission power fully, and this also just makes the big minicomputer water wheels in Wu Ba power station design and produce to form significantly different.Big-and-middle-sized machine water wheels just need be employed in the mode of embedding garden, water wheels outer ring wheel and outer ring gear (or outer ring chain wheel) in case two end loads are excessive, and take turns combine together (like diagrammatic sketch 11) to garden, whole outer ring wheel, outer ring gear (or outer ring chain wheel) with waterwheel; The number of turns that garden, outer ring wheel and outer ring gear (or outer ring chain wheel) embed can be decided according to concrete water wheels size and length; The effect of garden, outer ring wheel is to cooperate carriage, shares whole water wheels weight in each relevant position, the centre position of water wheels; The effect of outer ring gear (or outer ring chain wheel) is need be through main shaft with power, and directly the power with water wheels disperses transmission to come out equably from each relevant position, so just need not design and produce parts such as water wheels main shaft, skeleton, paddle sturdy; Because whole water wheels structure outer ring holding capacity when transmission power is maximum; And outer ring itself is exactly garden wheel and design of gears; So ability to bear is also stronger; And whole water wheels are that bearing capacity or transmit force all disperse, and unlike main shaft transmit force that kind power are all focused on main shaft, so parts such as the main shaft of water wheels, cage construction, two end bearings can be gone into battle with a light pack.

Another is not both the employing carriage big-and-middle-sized machine and minicomputer; Because water wheels are long bigger, cause weight heavier, two ends of depending merely on main shaft can't support the weight and the active force of whole water wheels; Even if two ends can support, when water wheels reached certain-length, interlude will produce bending naturally, so when designing, will adopt middle garden, the outer ring wheel that has to big-and-middle-sized water wheels, purpose is exactly to be used for and supporting weight and the active force of bearing water wheels of carriage.Carriage can design as the case may be; Medium-sizedly can consider with bottom connected mode not; Large-scale " U " type (like diagrammatic sketch 16) that is designed to chain-type or holder, carriage use on how many groups and the carriage and adopt number of rollers and big I to design and produce according to the water wheels concrete condition is supporting; Whole carriage is connected with element task platform on the boats and ships; The weight of water wheels and active force have just evenly spread to basic platform through carriage like this; Even if water wheels are not only big but also long; As long as the design of the ability to bear of carriage is reached when producing power greater than water wheels, water wheels just can keep safe and stable operation always, and the roller of carriage also maintains easily than spindle bearing holder.

The 3rd of big-and-middle-sized machine and minicomputer are not both electric power output; It is bigger that big-and-middle-sized machine is same as generated energy, and voltage also maybe be higher, and general little cable can not be satisfied the demand, therefore will be between unit anchor block wall (or between sloping wall) top, set up transmission of electricity beam (or crossbeam or crossbeam of giving prominence to) by design size requirements; If the bridge design that the top, power station itself has the band traffic to use is then directly utilized bridge bottom or sidepiece.One cover sprocket wheel is installed in beam, between sprocket wheel, is adorned two rope ladder guide grooves; With the generator out-put supply line of carrying out insulation protection; Be fixed in the middle rope ladder frame of two wire rope with the insulant composition; Rope ladder frame crossbearer two ends be equipped with or the part steamboat is housed, steamboat is placed guide groove, and with a little less than the length of power line more than or equal to the rope ladder gap length; Power line gravity major part is born, output counter and power line one termination goes into to generate electricity by the rope ladder steel wire; At the other end of beam one end of rope ladder is fixed on the front upper place of another sprocket wheel, the other end of power line just from then on fixed point begin to insert the ground power transmission network; The traction rope ladder of forming an annular with one group of wire rope; Height according to beam and ship is confirmed a high site on rope ladder; Be fixedly connected point of rope ladder anchor point and traction rope ladder, use traditional overhead traveling crane formula crane to uphold the shrinkage supply cord technical approach, make sprocket rotation traction rope ladder move left and right link position; Let the rope ladder that back timber is equipped with the generating output line become crooked contraction of " S " type to uphold, and can not destroy power line and can let the normal safe transport of electric current again; Also can copper bar be installed, on the caged ladder of top or on the mobile device contact brush be installed, can play equally the normal safe transport of electric current on the top.At sloping wall the rope ladder guide rail is installed on the wall of wall; The rope ladder steamboat is placed in the guide rail; Move up and down through chain Wheel-guiding rope ladder and power line; And power line is damaged, reach the protection power line and in the power station when when the river rises the boat goes up, water falls ship is low safety electric energy is transferred out (like Figure 17).

The 4th of big-and-middle-sized machine and minicomputer are not both unit element task platform will will be designed to two platforms (like diagrammatic sketch 2) with the boats and ships framework, is overlapping under the normal flow situation, can use gate that current are closed when closing down unit; When taking place than great flood, gate has steeped in water useless, if need this moment to shut down, just must the element task platform be raised up together with water wheels, makes water wheels break away from current, reaches the shutdown purpose.

It more than is the embodiment in streams, rivers type Wu Ba power station; If also will add the bridge construction beam in the time of the power station under development on the Dun Qiang top in power station; Can be according to the actual size and the structure needs of bridge, suitably adjust the width of Dun Qiang, highly, length, the needs that satisfy the bridge function get final product.As far as the power station, not only harmless, can make power station pier foundation of wall more firm on the contrary; And the weight of bridge also can increase the resistance power of power station Dun Qiang conversely.

Ocean type (or top fixed platform type) Wu Ba power station: (like diagrammatic sketch 3)

Type Wu Ba power station, ocean generally all is to adopt large-scale set structure, but the middle-size and small-size machine structure of employing is not got rid of in some more shallow places yet because current are darker.The ocean is not owing to there is flood problem highly indefinite in the rivers, and therefore, Wu Ba power station, ocean need not to use marine technology, only needs to build many and length along the direction of current and forms the channel basis of using in the power station greater than water wheels, height greater than the Dun Qiang of maximum tide water level; Build a platform again on the top of Dun Qiang, electromechanical equipments such as unit water wheels are fixedly mounted on tip platform, so just can reach the generating purpose.Because its unit is to be fixed on the top; Therefore the carriage of bearing weight and active force can be with partly or entirely building the seabed in a fixed manner in; Form " U " shape water wheels running Foundation Design; The weight of the water wheels that whole like this power station is the heaviest is just directly born by ground, seabed, and the pier roof panel only need bear other parts, and each force structure onesize unit of rivers that compares just can design lighter.Simultaneously, the fixing method of operation in Wu Ba power station, ocean also need not up and down boats and ships and electric power output apparatus and technology, and this also can make every kilowatt of construction cost rivers that compare adopt the boats and ships type to reduce in this respect.Therefore; If streams, the highest flood level of rivers are not too big with runoff water phasic difference at ordinary times; And the river condition is better, even if when the burst maximum flood can not cause the power station to damage yet (like the river opening of flowing through, in case when water level surpasses the riverbank; Might descend flood discharge water from other place of adjacency), no matter the unit size also can be used this fixing tip platform structure as this type of area.Small-sized or the miniature unit used to some streams rivers; Because discharge is little, even if water wheels are one times or several times of the streams river degree of depth, its diameter can be very not big yet; Main shaft and two end bearing seats can design basically and bear; Such power station also just need not to use boats and ships, guide wheel guide rail, carriage to divide bearing structure etc., adopts used technology in ancient times, method, pattern fully, sets up fixed platform power station, small-sized or miniature top.And the big-and-middle-sized unit that rivers use also can design this fixing " U " shape carriage at the bottom.Though this kind " U " shape structure others can be saved, owing to be by maximum flood position design power station, water wheels tend to require want big with adopting the design of boats and ships type water wheels, and the water wheels manufacturing cost also maybe relatively can be more higher; And gate also will be considered to design higher.Only this kind of power station channel gate can global design, also can adopt three sections of segmentation upper, middle and lower or multistage designer word strobe from the bottom up, closes the river course ditch water flow when the different water level and makes compressor emergency shutdown with convenient.

If type Wu Ba power station, ocean adds the bridge construction beam on the top; Can design two sides, so promptly can not influence the water wheels running, can make platform become bridge again in the front and back of water wheels; Can also in the bridge construction beam, rely on the structure of bridge to build up unit electromechanical work platform and protection house, achieve many things at one stroke.

Though that the Wu Ba power station has is large, medium and small, the branch of ocean type (or top fixed platform type) machine, this is just for the ease of distinguishing a saying of unit, is not that to specify fully be to be used for certain waters.That a kind of type is used in the waters of building a station still will be gone to select decision as the case may be; There is no need to indiscriminately imitate; Can flexibility select in said method or the type wherein a kind of for use, also can above-mentioned several different methods or type be taken all factors into consideration application wherein two kinds or multiple.Certainly; Manual of the present invention is just brief explanation also; Main just to solving macromethod or the design that some can not be built streams, the rivers of high dam at present and can't build the ocean current generating problem on dam; Concrete design, processing, construction installation possibly permitted details in addition and many practical problems need go to solve, and is still waiting us and goes further to go to grope to inquire into.As far as hydroelectric generation, find that as me above-mentioned method is the same, perhaps also have than above-mentioned better method, those people that water power cause is concerned about go to discover after remaining.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing number indicates:

1. bank slope wall 2. boats and ships platform square bearers 3. generating set platform square bearers

4. generating set platform framework directive wheel 5. cubic ship 6. water surface curves or climax waterlines up and down

7. at the bottom of the riverbed or the riverbed of build (or the sea) ends 8. BOGEY WHEEL and bearing support 9. water wheels

10. " H " type ship 11. current are indicated 12. generator lifting platform hydraulic means and travel(l)ing rests

13. generator 14. gearboxes 15. dribbling oblique crank Z bearings

Dun Qiang in " 16. H " shape ship guide wheel 17. sloping wall upper rail 18. current

19. crossbeam 20. sloping wall bracket 21. coil holder gathering sills

22. sprocket wheel 23. power supplys output frame 24. power line insulated flexible ladder framves

The outer garden of 25 dynamo current output counters, 26. water wheels Wai Yuan garden wheel rim 27. water wheels gear ring

28. bearing frame 29. stressed pier 30. low water stage frame piers

Shown in Figure 1 for there is not dam plant generator basic principle structural representation in the less river of discharge.

Operating principle shown in Figure 1: through this rivers section, the thrust of current promotes 9 and rotates, and drives 13 and rotates generating by current shown in 11.When river water rises, move up and down the highest 1 top that is movable to, minimum 30 tops of reducing to along 17 by the whole power station of 16 guiding hull; Under general discharge situation, the power station hull all is in 30 apical positions, and 5,10 unsettledly do not contact with 6, has only 9 outer garden near 7 but contact with 7, and under the current promotion, works.

Fig. 1 (a) is depicted as small-sized integral type Wu Ba power station structure member sketch map.

Fig. 1 (b) is depicted as small-sized integral type Wu Ba power station structural representation under the big situation of drop.Being noted that resembling the channel that this type of minicomputer uses can be podium type, can be the ditching type of excavation, also can be the two convolution of ditching and Dun Qiang; Concrete that a kind of form that adopts can design as the case may be.

Shown in Figure 2 for there is not dam plant generator basic principle structural representation in the bigger river of discharge.

Operating principle shown in accompanying drawing 2: through this rivers section, the thrust of current promotes 9 and rotates by current shown in 11, carries out speed change through 14 and drives 13 generatings again.When rivers water rises, move up and down along 17 by 16 guiding whole power station hulls, the highest 1 top that is movable to when water drops to 9 when 7 soon contact, guides 3 in 2, to move up and down by 12, and the highest can being increased on 53.

But type shown in Figure 2 is as adopting 30, then minimumly also can only reduce to 30 tops, under general discharge situation; The power station hull also is to be in 30 apical positions; 5,10 unsettledly do not contact, have only 9 outer garden near 7 but do not contact, and promote to make rotary work down at current and move with 7 with 6.When 6 were higher than 30 tops, the power station unit was surging low with 6 under 5 and 10 effect.

Fig. 2 (a) is depicted as the big Wu Ba power station, river of current structure member sketch map.

Fig. 2 (b) is depicted as and assembles more potential energy, improves current and exerts oneself, increases generated energy, forms the Wu Ba power station structural representation of drop after the rivers section is built the riverbed weir preferably in some physical features.

Shown in Figure 3 do not have dam plant generator basic principle structural representation for bay or small-sized straits.Streams rivers condition also can adopt this structure when permitting.Operating principle shown in accompanying drawing 3: because ocean water is darker, and has only tide bulge and fall, SEA LEVEL VARIATION is little relatively, just can directly be fixedly mounted on 1,18 the top as long as 1,18 designs are higher than 6,3.During through this bay or straits, the thrust of current promotes 9 and rotates by current shown in 11, carries out speed change through 14 and drives 13 again and rotate generating.

Utilization waterwheel in the ancient times principle schematic of the basic principle of using for the Wu Ba power station shown in Figure 4.

The utilization channel principle and the bridge pier principle of the basic principle of using for the Wu Ba power station shown in Figure 5 are built water channel formula pier foundation of wall engineering sketch map in the rivers section.

Fig. 5 (a) is depicted as and builds the first two bank bank protection floor map of canal.

Fig. 5 (b) is depicted as and builds canal back river plane of flow sketch map.

Fig. 5 (c) is depicted as the less river of the general water yield, Yi Bian low block mill weir dam (or the check dam top refills panel turnover sluice gate) building, Yi Bian river floor map when building canal.

Fig. 5 (d) is shown under the situation of river broad and builds two canal back river plane of flow sketch mapes.

Fig. 5 (e) is shown under the situation of river broad and builds three canal back river plane of flow sketch mapes.

During the river broad, can design as the case may be and build various channels, navigable river then must be designed with boats and ships passage and ship lock.

Shown in Figure 6 is that the river cross sectional representation contrasts after building the preceding river of canal cross sectional representation and building canal.

Fig. 6 (a) is depicted as and builds the preceding river of canal cross sectional representation.

Fig. 6 (b) is depicted as and builds river cross sectional representation behind the canal.

Fig. 6 (c) is depicted as the less river of the general water yield, Yi Bian low block mill weir dam (or the check dam top refills panel turnover sluice gate) building, Yi Bian river cross sectional representation when building canal.

Fig. 6 (d) is depicted as and builds river cross sectional representation behind two canals under the situation of river broad.

Fig. 6 (e) is depicted as and builds river cross sectional representation behind three canals under the situation of river broad.

Can be for two bank pier walls according to the concrete condition on riverbank, adopt gravity, counterfort formula, empty van formula, decanter type according to the bridge pier architectonics ... etc. form.

Shown in Figure 7 for build the preceding riverbed of canal along the flow direction schematic cross-section with build canal back river edge of bed flow direction schematic cross-section contrast.

Fig. 7 (a) is depicted as and builds the preceding riverbed of canal schematic cross-section.

Fig. 7 (b) is depicted as generality and builds riverbed schematic cross-section behind the canal.

Fig. 7 (c) is depicted as riverbed schematic cross-section after the riverbed builds weir.Higher the reaching of the section upper reaches, river two bank physical features the section flood control of building a station is influenced under the not too big situation; Quote formula power station, the existing dam principle of building a dam; The preceding riverbed of water wheels builds together low weir (or the weir top refills panel turnover sluice gate) in the Wu Ba power station, to assemble the section streaming potential, improves the plant generator amount.That the design of weir downstream one sides can be adopted as the case may be is rectilinear, ramp type, garden arc formula, vertically add ramp type, vertically add garden arc formula ... etc. form.

Fig. 7 (d) is depicted as on the basis of Fig. 7 (c), uses riverbed schematic cross-section under the frame pier situation simultaneously again.But be noted that the small all-in-one machine can connect the high Dun Qiang of wall in the position, back.And the middle connection of two high-order Dun Qiang can be an entity structure, also can be " rice " shape frame construction.

Fig. 7 (e) is depicted as on the basis of Fig. 7 (d), uses the river course to bend wall again, builds stressed section of beam sketch map in the position, top of Dun Qiang.Crossbeam can be set up in interposition according to the concrete height of Dun Qiang again, and crossbeam middle transitional pier also can be as the case may be if do not establish more.

Shown in Figure 8ly build pier wall sketch map for bay or small-sized straits.

The utilization railroad rails principle of the basic principle of using for the Wu Ba power station shown in Figure 9 is loaded onto the guide rail sketch map perpendicular to the water surface at the meeting of sloping wall pier, backwater end face.

Fig. 9 (a) is depicted as at the end face of two bank Dun Qiang and loads onto the guide rail sketch map.

Fig. 9 (b) is depicted as has two bank Dun Qiang shortly, has the end face of river intermediate pier wall to load onto the guide rail sketch map again.

If the Dun Qiang design is long thicker, can also offer many guide groove guide rails at some positions in the middle of the Dun Qiang side, to disperse the platform impact force and to stablize whole power station boats and ships platform and move up and down.

The utilization principle of naval architecture of the basic principle of using for the Wu Ba power station shown in Figure 10 is laid " H " type fabricated ship sketch map at the sloping wall pier end of each channel.Utilization wheel track principle is installed guide wheel at " H " ship end.

Figure 10 (a) is depicted as sloping wall pier end " H " type fabricated ship and guide wheel mansion view plane sketch map.

Figure 10 (b) is depicted as sloping wall pier end " H " type fabricated ship and guide wheel schematic side view.

To the power station of a plurality of units is arranged, after installing, each head works " H " boats and ships connect into an integral body, can separate in the time of necessary.

The unit bigger to some water wheels, the boats and ships of head works can not use " H " type ship yet and adopt cubic ship, and water wheels two ends can respectively be established a chain-wales installation shaft bearing in addition on link.Form steppedly with the boats and ships platform, water wheel axle two end chain-waless and top crossbeam connect into an integral body and leave the service clearance position as bearing support, and the head and the tail boats and ships only rely on link to engage with top crossbeam and generating working platform and work.

The principle and the gear structure principle of the utilization lever of the basic principle of using for the Wu Ba power station shown in Figure 11 are with garden, outer ring wheel arc strip, outer ring gear arc strip is taken turns with the T-shape garden of garden arc stiffener composition and gear is embedded in water wheels outer ring sketch map.

Figure 11 (a) is depicted as and inlays good water wheels floor map.

Figure 11 (b) is depicted as and inlays good water wheels schematic side view.

The outer garden gear of inlaying can be perhaps a plurality of for 1,2,3, specifically can decide according to the unit design conditions.

Garden, the outer ring wheel of inlaying is shorter and smaller at water wheels; Can under the situation that weight not too weighs; Only when water wheel axle can not bear the making a concerted effort of weight and water impact of its water wheels; Just design this garden, outer ring wheel, garden, outer ring wheel usage quantity can design according to water wheels concrete condition (factors such as length, size, weight).But in case when adopt using the free-standing carriage, just must 2 be one group and design, cooperate " U " bearing frame to bear water wheels weight and water flow impact pressure, specifically what adopt organize to decide according to the unit design conditions.

Figure 12 (a) is depicted as spherical circle bearing support generalized section.Figure 12 (b) is depicted as spherical circle bearing support schematic side view.

Figure 13 (a) is depicted as water wheels " H " type ship schematic top plan view of packing into.Figure 13 (b) is depicted as water wheels " H " type ship schematic side view of packing into.

Figure 14 (a) is depicted as gearbox, generator schematic top plan view is installed on platform.Figure 14 (b) is depicted as gearbox, generator schematic side view is installed on platform.

Shown in Figure 15 for to mix another cubic ship platform at the another side of " H " ship end water wheels, the top is linked to be an integral body with connecting crossbeam with two boats and ships, makes water wheels and generator be in a stable duty all the time.Seal with this top and around the boats and ships platform, can play a kind of effect of shading wind and rain, also can stop or reduce the influence of strong wind water wheels.

The common theory of mechanics of utilization of the basic principle of using for the Wu Ba power station shown in Figure 16, darker at river surface broad or river, when the water wheels requirements of making is long or big; Because weight trial of strength; The water wheels interlude might produce flexural deformation, and main shaft two ends also possibly can't be born its weight, more can't bear the impact force that waterpower is brought; May make a concerted effort to cut off main shaft because of self gravitation and water impact; So circle position, corresponding outer garden in the middle of the water wheels is one group with garden, per two outer rings wheel on the water wheels cover " U " type bearing frame is installed that disperse water wheel active force also plays stable water wheels running effect.How many unit employings organizes bearing frame can be decided as the case may be.

Figure 16 (a) is depicted as tape base seat " U " type bearing frame sketch map.

Figure 16 (b) is depicted as chain bar shaped " U " type bearing frame sketch map.

Bearing frame is not quoted in the power station when riverbed weir is had vacant position can make the pedestal type, can make chain-type when the riverbed weir does not have the pedestal room quoting, and can make water-bed fixed when more than the highest water surface, using fixedly tip platform.

Sketch map when Figure 16 (c) is depicted as bearing frame is installed in unit water wheels Lower Half.

Multiple combination techniques such as utilization bridge technology, mechanical sprocket wheel technology, steel cable rope ladder technology, crane crane technology, guide rail and the guide wheel technology of the basic principle of using for the Wu Ba power station shown in Figure 17, the basic technology of transmission of electricity of electrician are loaded onto electric current output line thread guide devices sketch map on the generator platform above " H " type ship platform.

Shown in Figure 180 is that front end is built Wu Ba power station floor map at general rivers turning.

Figure 18 (a) is depicted as at general rivers turning front end and builds unit group Wu Ba power station floor map.

Figure 18 (b) is depicted as at general rivers turning front end and builds two-shipper group Wu Ba power station floor map.

The utilization flap gate technology of the basic principle of using for the Wu Ba power station shown in Figure 19 is installed flap gate on the weir top, improving river level, to gather the more streaming potential of river section, to improve the unit generation amount and the control generating set generates electricity; Between flood period, can be easy to open gate, more the least possible influence the river section and drain off floodwaters.

The utilization train wheel guide wheel of the basic principle of using for the Wu Ba power station shown in Figure 20 is technological.When unit is big, can increase owing to stressed, guide wheel relatively also increases number, and how many concrete uses decides according to the unit stressing conditions.Figure 20 two takes turns guide wheel.

Claims (8)

1. power station, the natural drop or the ocean ocean current that utilize the streams river waterflow be as driving source, and not building high check dam or not build check dam, the horizontal that can convert current into electric energy does not have dam flowing water and impacts the generating unique texture.

It is characterized in that: one kind of A. utilizes streams, river waterflow drop or ocean ocean current active force, and converts this power the constructional device of electric energy to not build high check dam or not build check dam.A kind of collection waterwheel in ancient times, mechanic gear, generator, boats and ships, sloping wall or Dun Qiang, guide rail, bridge, chain sprocket, hydraulic pressure, overhead traveling crane formula jack machinism, rope ladder, rotation bearing support, Dun Qiang top fixed platform, etc. multinomial technology and principle; And part modern using multiple other general machineries, electric power, hydrotechnics (as: mechanical speed change, generating, transformation, transmission of electricity, gate ... etc.), and these technology combined together be combined into a kind of like this particular structure of water-power plant.The facility a kind of in the time need not building high dam or not build the dam, that current can be generated electricity through dynamo-electric facilities such as traditional Waterwheel-type machinery water wheels, machine driving speed change, generators.

B. utilization water channel know-why in the streams, rivers two banks or centre position build parallel with current and vertical with the water surface water guide slope wall or Dun Qiang, and is loaded onto the guided way vertical with the water surface this unique theory and facility at the meeting of wall, backwater end.A kind of know-why of using water channel and Dun Qiang is built parallel with current and vertical with the water surface in the ocean and is exceeded the water guide Dun Qiang on sea level; Make the generating set that is in the sea can have a safe operation basis also can make the fixed platform of machine operation; And water is passed through the whole unloadings of Dun Qiang to water wheels thrust give the earth, and the reaction force that produces makes the hydraulic generator unit can effectively send the constructional device of electric energy continually.

C. utilization bearing pier and buoyancy of water principle that combines on streams, rivers; Design a plurality of load-bearing piers and by the boats and ships of " H " shape (or buoyancy tank, the floaty platform of the water surface; Down with) with the water craft platform of square boats and ships composition; Water wheels are installed in the middle of the upstream and downstream boats and ships, power generating equipment is installed on the boats and ships platform, and the boats and ships platform are placed in this unique theory on the load-bearing pier; Make corresponding generating machinery an element task face that can turn round arranged, under general runoff situation, article gravity and active force are unloaded to the earth simultaneously through pier or Dun Qiang at the water surface; , flood article gravity and active force are unloaded to the earth when surpassing load-bearing pier position through boats and ships, water and Dun Qiang; And the machine driving of streams, rivers type power station generator and active force all are the transformational structure devices of realizable force on boats and ships.A kind of in ocean type or fixed platform type power station, top the traditional fixed platform mode of utilization, be installed on the fixed platform generating machinery and the transformational structure device of realizable force on platform.

D. one kind is directly adopted ancient water driving skills art to produce water wheels on medium and small machine, power is transferred to the device of generator for electricity generation through main shaft.It is a kind of when large, medium and small type, ocean type or top fixed platform type are adopting ancient water driving skills art; Outer ring gear or garden, outer ring wheel and outer ring gear (or outer ring chain wheel) structure combining with original creation; Be embedded in garden, outer ring wheel, gear (or chain) by the design size status requirement outer ring of waterwheel wheel; Again waterwheel axle two ends are assemblied in the bearing support of dribbling shape circle, then the whole series are installed in " H " shape hull framework platform or fixed offshore platform endpoint location with the bearing support of water wheels; And travelling gear (or sprocket wheel), BOGEY WHEEL are installed in waterwheel outer ring gear (or outer ring chain wheel), wheel relevant position, garden, waterwheel load-bearing outer ring by designing requirement, form unique device of through the water wheels main shaft energy force not being passed to gearbox and generator for electricity generation.

E. one kind in large and medium-sized, ocean or top fixed platform type unit; The utilization concrete transports engineering truck runner carriage principle; Below water wheels, be basic point with garden, outer ring wheel on the water wheels, the load-bearing facility is being installed on the unit working platform or below the water wheels; Share water wheels self gravitation and water impact and make a concerted effort, and play the device that guarantees water wheels stable operation effect.

F. one kind need not to build high check dam or does not build check dam; On streams, rivers, adopt multinomial technology such as traditional bridge structure, sprocket wheel application, the lifting of overhead traveling crane formula, rope ladder; And these technology are combined together the constructional device that safety transfers out electric energy when can be with when the river rises the boat goes up, water falls ship low.A kind of dam of not building adopts general power industry technologies in the ocean, just can from the ocean, build the constructional device that pier wall construction of platform transfers out electric energy.

2. in the power station according to claim 1: a kind of utilization water channel know-why, in streams, rivers, ocean, build parallel with current and vertical water guide slope wall, the facility that current can be flowed by people's will with the water surface.

It is characterized in that: utilization water channel know-why, in the streams, rivers two banks or centre position build parallel with current and vertical with water surface water guide slope wall.Cooperate and block sluice gate and weir technology, make the current at the place of building a station can form drop, the current of letting out down can flow according to people's will again, and the water of assembling can not made big influence to streams, rivers and two banks; Promptly improved the upper river water level and be convenient to irrigate, open the navigation or air flight, improved the effect of exerting oneself of current again, can also make the boats and ships platform of plant generator that a point that can rely on, locate has been arranged.Water channel pier coping also makes the theory that water surface generating set electric current outlet line has had a safe and rational platform and exported this another uniqueness that is in simultaneously; Through these sloping walls water thrust and remaining other active force to water wheels and boats and ships all unloaded to the earth simultaneously, and the reaction force that produces makes the hydraulic generator unit can effectively send the constructional device of electric energy continually.A kind of utilization water channel principle; In the ocean, build parallel with current and vertical and exceed the water guide Dun Qiang on sea level with the water surface; Mobile ocean current can be flow through from water channel; The top of waterproof cloth Dun Qiang also makes the generating set that is in the sea that the fixed platform basis of a safe operation can be arranged simultaneously; And with ocean current to water wheels thrust through Dun Qiang all unloading give the earth, and the reaction force that produces makes the hydraulic generator unit can effectively send electric energy continually, the constructional device that also can electric power be transferred out through fixed platform safety simultaneously.

3. in the power station according to claim 1: a kind of in the streams, the rivers power station of using; Gearing, generator and relevant facility are assemblied on the boats and ships platform of water surface top; Rely on the nature or the artificial height of water of building, the unique mechanical structure of utilizing flowing water flow power to generate electricity.A kind of in streams, rivers, ocean, gearing, generator and relevant facility be assemblied in by the Dun Qiang top of bottom building to the highest water surface top build up on the fixed platform, the unique mechanical structure that relies on the drag force of nature nature to generate electricity.It is characterized in that: utilization water is built the boats and ships platform to the law of buoyancy of boats and ships; Build the platform of forming by " H " ship and the cubic boats and ships that match in streams, rivers, for every cover unit; Carry used generating mechanical facility parts, each generating mechanical part is installed on the boats and ships platform according to the design size status requirement.A kind of principle design of using bridge pier is built the load-bearing pier, and the boats and ships platform is placed on the load-bearing pier, and whole weight and the active forces of unit born by the load-bearing pier when general runoff; When water level exceeded load-bearing pier position, whole power generating equipments were born by boats and ships, and simultaneously platform can all be in and the water surface keeps the designing requirement distance with when the river rises the boat goes up, water falls ship is low all the time, let water wheels obtain flow energy all the time and kept a kind of device of normal power generation.A kind of in streams, rivers, ocean; Directly adopt the fixed platform mode; Gearing, generator and relevant facility be assemblied in build to highest level face top by the bottom that (streams, rivers are for greater than the historical high flood level; The ocean is for greater than climax water top of the waves water level) the fixed platform that builds up of Dun Qiang top on, current can be converted into (comprising potential energy and kinetic energy) a kind of device of electric energy.

4. in the power station according to claim 1: the power station that use in a kind of streams, rivers, the rectilinear fixedly water guide slope wall that boats and ships and used generating mechanical facility position is constructed with guided way.

It is characterized in that: the characteristic of utilization reinforced concrete; According to design size and status requirement; Use the reinforced concrete structure building identical with water (flow) direction and perpendicular to the bank protection or the independent wall of the water surface; At the meet water end face and the backwater end face of sloping wall, by the design size position from the top to the bottom (particular location can be decided according to the design of load-bearing step and guide wheel), the guide rail perpendicular to the water surface is installed respectively; Make the boats and ships platform that the generator facility is housed rise to fall to fluctuating and can not move by left-right and front-back with guide rail water, simultaneously guide rail can rise again protection water guide slope wall be convenient to keep in repair structure.

5. in the power station according to claim 1: a kind of with inlaying garden wheel and gear on the water wheels outer ring, and directly energy force is spread out of a kind of structure to generating machinery without the through-drive mode.

It is characterized in that: utilization waterwheel in ancient times and modern gear technique; According to lever principle; Processing and inlayed garden, outer ring wheel, outer ring gear (or outer ring chain wheel) on the outer ring of waterwheel makes garden, whole outer ring wheel, outer ring gear (or outer ring chain wheel) combine together with the waterwheel wheel, at water wheels when gear spreads out of energy force; Waterwheel outer ring gear end (or outer ring chain wheel end) is born the driving force maximum; And the waterwheel axle head receives driving force minimum, with structure the lightest, transmit force best mode, plays to transmit directly without axle that energy force is spread out of a kind of unique apparatus structure to generating machinery.Heavier and bear the power of going out when big in waterwheel weight, garden, outer ring wheel cooperates carriage branch supporting power and goes out a kind of unique apparatus structure of power.

6. in the power station according to claim 1: a kind of in the streams, the rivers big-and-middle-sized unit generation station of using; With traditional bridge structure, chain sprocket application, overhead traveling crane formula lifting technique, the rope ladder technology combines together and to the channeling conduct of out-put supply line, with the normal output device of the electric energy safe that sends.

It is characterized in that: (or between sloping wall) top between the rectilinear fixedly water guide of two banks bank protection, build a bridge (or crossbeam) is equipped with sprocket wheel in beam; With the rope ladder frame of forming in the middle of two wire rope and with insulating bodies; On rope ladder frame two ends steamboat is housed; The traction rope ladder of forming an annular with another group wire rope; Uphold the power line technical approach with traditional overhead traveling crane formula crane contraction, the crooked contraction extension of rope ladder of generating output line will be arranged and do not destroy power line at back timber; Or copper bar is installed on the top, and contact brush being installed on caged ladder, can play equally the normal safe transport of electric current; A rope ladder guide rail is installed on the wall of sloping wall surface certain distance; Move up and down through chain Wheel-guiding rope ladder and power line; And power line is damaged, reach the protection power line and safety transfers out electric energy when when the river rises the boat goes up, water falls ship is low in the power station device.

7. in the power station according to claim 1: a kind of in the streams, the rivers big-and-middle-sized unit generation station of using, utilization combined type water craft and positioner.

It is characterized in that: utilization boats and ships or buoyancy tank technology; A plurality of buoyancy tanks (or closed canoe) are installed in one pair of metal framework structure bottom of building by designing requirement; And the dimensional requirement of pressing water wheels and water channel; Form a working platform of bubbling through the water column of forming by " H " type and cubic type ship, make corresponding power generating equipment had one can stable operation the basis.Be employed in the top between " H " type ship and the cubic ship or two sides are connected through Vierendeel girder; Water wheels are installed in " H " type ship and cubic amidships; On working platform, one cover is installed like the same location guide wheel of train wheel guide wheel device with the guide rail contact point; Make whole boats and ships under the guiding of guide rail, had one can about, front and back location, again can be up and down or height floats and make power generating equipment keep certain distance with the water surface all the time, also make things convenient for the constructional device of hull maintenance simultaneously.

8. in the power station according to claim 1: a kind of large and medium generator group power station; Utilization concrete delivery truck runner cradle technology and principle; The generating set water wheels are inlayed garden, outer ring wheel; Carriage and garden wheel the two cooperate formation active force branch to hold mechanism, shares the weight and the active force device of water wheels.

It is characterized in that: A (medium-sized machine). inlay in the waterwheel wheel unit of one or more groups garden, outer ring wheel, outer ring gear composition at an interlude; The garden arbor wheel bearing support block that can finely tune is housed; Be installed on the generating machinery boats and ships platform of Lower Half near the water surface of water wheels; And make the garden arbor wheel aim at garden, water wheels outer ring wheel, form the structure of water wheels being divided supporting power stabilize water wheel operation effect.

B (large-scale computer). unit with the position, lower part, increases chain equiform " U " type that the resembles carriage of the many frames of a cover to the water wheels water surface on the rivers on the basis of medium-sized machine." U " type carriage can divide the type of usheing to seat and the type of not usheing to seat; And on carriage, one or more sets are housed; With garden, water wheels outer ring, at least two roads wheel is the device that one group branch holds bearing support block, and whole carriage connects into an integral body with the generating mechanical platform, holds up whole water wheels weight; Let water wheels in " U " type carriage, rotate, play the structure that branch held or supported water wheels weight and stable water wheels operation effect.

C (ocean type or top fixed platform type). the large-scale unit of ocean type, build fixing " U " type carriage in water-bed portion, again water wheels are installed in " U " type carriage the device that water wheels weight and water flow impact pressure are all born by " U " type carriage.The water-bed analog bracket of this kind also can be used for streams, the large, medium and small type of rivers, when streams, rivers unit use this kind design, can consider not use structures such as boats and ships and guide rail according to extreme high water and position, power station unit river of living in situation.

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