CN102300768A - 用于存储和运输液化石油气的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于存储和运输液化石油气的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN102300768A
CN102300768A CN201080005936.3A CN201080005936A CN102300768A CN 102300768 A CN102300768 A CN 102300768A CN 201080005936 A CN201080005936 A CN 201080005936A CN 102300768 A CN102300768 A CN 102300768A
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steam
goods
condensation
exch
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CN102300768B (zh
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卡尔·约根·鲁梅尔霍夫
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Wartsila Oil and Gas Systems AS
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Hamworthy Gas Systems AS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/14Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D5/00Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/002Storage in barges or on ships
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0236Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0269Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
    • F25J1/0271Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013Two or more vessels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0338Pressure regulators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0121Propulsion of the fluid by gravity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157Compressors
    • F17C2227/0164Compressors with specified compressor type, e.g. piston or impulsive type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/0351Water cooling using seawater
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/0388Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2260/00Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/013Reducing manufacturing time or effort
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    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2265/00Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015Purifying the fluid by separating
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2265/033Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
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    • F17C2270/00Applications
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J2210/00Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
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    • F25J2215/00Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/64Propane or propylene
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/66Butane or mixed butanes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62Details of storing a fluid in a tank

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于在LPG船上存储和运输LPG,特别是一次装船两种不同类型的LPG货物的方法,所述LPG船具有再液化单元(300,400)。在所述再液化单元(300,400)中,蒸发的气体冷凝并且然后返回至用于各个类型的LPG货物的至少一个货舱(100)中。该方法进一步包括:使用至少一个运行的再液化单元(300,400)以冷凝来自第一类型的货物的蒸气;使冷凝的蒸气通过热交换器(500);同时使来自第二类型的货物的蒸气流动通过热交换器(500),以通过与冷凝的蒸气进行热交换来冷凝蒸气;以及使离开热交换器的冷凝的蒸气返回至各个类型的货物内。本发明还公开了用于在LPG船上存储和运输LPG的系统。

Description

用于存储和运输液化石油气的方法和系统
技术领域
本发明涉及用于存储和运输油轮上的液化石油气的方法和系统,该液化石油气通常已知为LPG,该油轮在下文中称作LPG船,并且特别是一次装船两种货物的运输。
背景技术
此外,本方法和系统同样可应用于在用于液化石油气的浮动式采油存储和卸货的船舶,LPG FPSO上使用,以及类似地,在用于液化石油气的浮动式存储和卸货船舶,LPG FSO上使用。
以上定义的术语LPG船下文中也将包括LPG FPSO和LPG FSO的船。
LPG应被理解为作为液态存储和运输的一系列不同等级或产品的石油气。在各种石油气中,主要的示例为丙烷和丁烷,其中,丙烷通常包括从0%直至5%的任何浓度的乙烷,并且丁烷能够是正丁烷和异丁烷的任意混合物。此外,LPG至少应包括:
丁二烯
丁烷-丙烷混合物(任意混合物)
丁烯
二乙醚
丙烯
氯乙烯
在高于大气压力的压力或低于环境温度的温度或两者的组合的状态下,以液态形式运输LPG’s。本发明涉及:
(1)在低于环境的温度下运输液化货物,LPG的LPG船,其已知为全冷式LPG船,以及
(2)在高于大气压力的压力和低于环境温度的温度下运输液化货物,LPG的LPG船。后者已知为半冷/半压式。
在低于环境温度的温度下存储和运输的LPG不断释放出一定量的蒸气。维持货舱中的压力的常用方式是抽出释放的蒸气,然后使其液化并作为冷凝物返回至货舱。
下文中,冷凝物应理解为液化的蒸气,而蒸气指的是由输入到LPG的热量产生的蒸气组成的蒸气产品和当冷凝物被返回时产生的任何蒸气。
货物类型是上文中所提及的LPG等级或产品中的任一种。作为示例,第一类型的货物和第二类型的货物可分别是丙烷和丁烷。
在该说明中,再液化单元在下文中指的是在制冷单元,其负责液化蒸气并且前缀“再”指的是来自液化的气体的蒸气的液化。货舱是用于保持LPG的一个或更多个液密容器。备用操作是使用例如当需要时已准备好可以使用的单元。
通常,每次装船一种至两种货物被运送。在不同类型的LPG货物中,产品通常可以是丙烷和丁烷。后者被隔离在专用的货舱中并且所有货物处理以不存在来自两种货物的液体和蒸气混合的方式进行处理。至少对于下列货物的处理操作,其包括分离的操作:
维持用于两种分离的货物的货舱压力和温度;
在航行过程中冷却货物;以及
卸货时冷却货物。
通常,先前已知的能够处理两种货物的LPG船具有三至四个再液化单元,它们被安装用于同时处理来自两种货物的蒸气。
一尺寸类型的LPG船,非常大的气体船VLGC,通常安装有四个等同的再液化单元。然而,第二尺寸类型的LPG船,中等尺寸的气体运送船MSGC,通常安装有三个等同的再液化单元。在两种情况下,再液化单元彼此完全地独立并且都是全冷式。
用于运送例如丙烷和丁烷之类的两种LPG货物的VLGC的通常操作模式具有两个处理丙烷蒸气的再液化单元、一个处理丁烷蒸气的再液化单元,并且一个再液化单元是备用的。例如,对于运送丙烷和丁烷的MSGC来说,分别地,一个再液化单元通常处理丙烷蒸气,一个再液化单元处理丁烷蒸气,并且一个再液化单元备用。
为了参考和示意的目的,图1和2分别地示出了通常的再液化单元和用于运送两种货物的VLGC的通常布置,其中,第一类型的货物通常可以是丙烷并且第二类型的货物是丁烷。
如在图2中所示,在至少一个货舱中蒸发的来自第一类型的货物的蒸气经路线1流动,并且在流至两个分开的再液化单元之前分送至分开的路线2、3,在所述两个再液化单元中,蒸气冷凝并且经由路线6返回到货舱100。在至少一个另外的货舱中蒸发的来自第二类型的货物的蒸气经由路线7流动至另一再液化单元,在该再液化单元中,蒸气冷凝并且经由路线8返回至货舱。
每个再液化单元通常包括至少一个压缩机1.100、1.200,参见图1,从连接于货舱的蒸气路线进行抽吸,压缩蒸气,依靠例如海水的低温介质1.300或由辅助系统提供的制冷剂冷凝蒸气。从货舱流出的蒸气由压缩机的操作控制。一个再液化单元通常处于备用操作。
示例
带有四个液密容器A至D的常用VLGC被设计用于运送多种不同的货物,其中,最冷的货物被认为是丙烷。所计算的泄漏入货物配置内的热量总共为例如427kW,则泄漏入每个货舱配置内的热量是:
液密容器A:96kW
液密容器B:112kW
液密容器C:112kW
液密容器D:107kW
货舱配置应理解为货舱和所有相关的管线以及液密容器外部的设备。
总的安装的制冷容量因此应当不少于427kW加上满足由国际船级协会以及国际散装运输液化气船舶构造和设备规则,IGC规则阐述的所要求的充足的冗余。基于操作问题,船只所有者通常有进一步增加制冷容量的附加要求。
因此,VLGC通常配备有四个再液化单元,每个单元通常具有220kW以上的再液化容量。通常,每个单元每小时能够处理2230kg丙烷蒸气。来自仅运送丙烷的VLGC中总的蒸发量通常总计为3890kg/hr。容量本质上是环境温度和货物类型的函数并且相应地改变。
对于运送异丁烷的相同的VLGC来说,总的热量泄漏是240kW并且每个再液化单元具有通常为340kW的再液化容量。来自仅运送异丁烷的VLGC的总的蒸发量通常总计为1350kg/hr。
当VLGC运送上述两种货物时,实施分离的操作。假定异丁烷装入液密容器A和B,并且丙烷装入液密容器C和D,丙烷和异丁烷的蒸气流大约分别为1895kg/hr和690kg/hr。对于这种情况,运行两个再液化单元,一个用于丙烷并且一个用于异丁烷。如果LPG船在三个货舱中有丙烷,则运行三个再液化单元,两个用于丙烷并且一个用于异丁烷。
由于运行中的每个再液化单元具有过剩的容量,这些单元的运行通常是间歇性地,例如,12个小时运行,12个小时备用。
发明内容
因此,本发明的主要目的是提出简化的解决方案,使需要适当处理不同类型的货物的所有蒸气的再液化单元的数量最小化。
根据本发明的一个方面,通过在LPG船上存储和运输LPG,特别是一次装船不同LPG类型的两种货物的方法来实现上述目的,该LPG船具有再液化单元,在再液化单元中,蒸发的气体冷凝并且然后返回至用于各个LPG类型的货物的至少一个货舱内,该方法包括:
使用最少一个正在运行的再液化单元,以冷凝来自第一类型的货物的蒸气;
使冷凝的蒸气通过热交换器;
同时使来自第二类型的货物的蒸气流动通过热交换器,以依靠与冷凝的蒸气进行热交换来冷凝蒸气;以及
使离开热交换器的冷凝的蒸气返回至各个类型的货物内。
此外,本发明涉及用于在LPG船上存储和运输LPG,特别是一次装船两种不同类型的LPG货物的系统,所述LPG船具有再液化单元,在再液化单元中,蒸发的气体冷凝并且然后返回至用于各个LPG类型的货物的至少一个货舱内,其中:
使用最少一个正在运行的再液化单元冷凝来自第一类型的货物的蒸气;
使冷凝的蒸气通过热交换器;
使来自第二类型的货物的蒸气同时流动通过热交换器,以依靠与冷凝的蒸气进行热交换来冷凝蒸气;以及
将离开热交换器的冷凝的蒸气返回至各个类型的货物内。
使用所提出的方法和系统的一些益处在于,运行的再液化器的数量减小至最少一个单元,并且离开运行的再液化单元的冷凝的蒸气能够被用作热交换器中的制冷剂。
为了满足用于第一类型的货物的相应货舱中的压力,可在热交换器的上游或下游节流来自再液化单元的冷凝的蒸气。可替代地,可分为两级执行该节流。
热交换器可安装在LPG船上的高点位置上,以容许冷凝的蒸气自由地流回至货舱内。然而,如果返回至用于第二类型的货物的相应货舱的自由流动受到阻止,则可以泵送用于返回至第二类型的货物内的冷凝的蒸气。
为了提供升高的冷凝压力并且因此容许热交换器比较灵活的定位,可在热交换器的上游压缩第二类型的货物的蒸气。
第一类型的货物的冷凝的蒸气可通过分离器从热交换器返回,以致分离蒸气和液体相,以及返回至第一类型的货物内的液体。为了在运行的再液化单元处提供较高的入口压力,可以使分离的蒸气通过喷射器。
为了使机器的运行时间最小化,依靠电动马达操作再液化单元中的往复式压缩机,并且当容许时,可以使马达加速至正常标准以上,以使用其动力势能。
附图说明
下文中,参照附图中所示出的优选实施方式讨论本发明,图中:
图1和2分别示意性地示出了通常的现有技术的再液化单元和用于运送两种货物的VLGC的通常布置;
图3示意性地示出了具有两个再液化单元的实施方式,其中,一个在运行并且另一个备用;
图4示意性地示出了根据图3的另一实施方式,其不同之处在于节流配置在热交换器的下游;
图5示意性地示出了图3和4的各自的实施方式的截断部分,并且包括热交换器下游的泵;
图6示意性地示出了分别在图3和4的各自的实施方式的截断部分,并且包括热交换器上游的压缩机;
图7示意性地示出类似于图3但是包括热交换器下游的分离器的实施方式;以及
图8示意性地示出了一实施方式,其中,间歇地操作再液化单元的运行时间基于货舱中的压力增加。
具体实施方式
如上文所提及的以及例如在图3中所示,本发明涉及用于运输和存储液化石油气的方法和系统,特别是,一次装船两种等级的产品。与现有技术相比,其容许将安装的再液化单元的数量减少至总共最少的两个单元,该两个单元包括一个运行单元,并且仍提供由国际船级协会以及IGC规则阐述的所要求的冗余。也涵盖船只所有者对于制冷负荷的另外要求。在正常操作过程中,两个单元中的一个单元处于备用操作。
尽管减少的数量为具有最少两个再液化单元,其它选择也可行,例如,能够使用具有多余的旋转机械的一个再液化单元。其它构造也适用,例如具有三个单元。
注意,当利用本发明时,再液化单元的类型并不重要。然而,为了方便,假定与现有技术对应的但通常具有两倍容量的同类型的再液化单元。
从容纳在一个或更多个货舱100中的第一类型的货物蒸发的蒸气经由路线1流至再液化单元300,以便被冷凝,此后,经由路线5返回。冷凝物从再液化单元300经由节流阀600流出,在节流阀600中压力被降低以满足货舱100中的压力。节流之后,依赖于再液化设备的处理条件,冷凝物或混合相流体进入热交换器500,在该热交换器500中,冷凝物被用作吸热物。在热交换器500的出口处,冷凝物以混合相流体的形式离开并且流回至货舱100。热交换器500优选的是自由流动式冷凝器。
尽管,在图中示出了只一个热交换器,但应当理解,可以安装更多个热交换器500。在这种情况下,来自再液化单元300的冷凝的蒸气被以适当的方式分流并且通过各个热交换器。
从容纳在至少一个货舱200中的第二类型的货物蒸发的蒸气经由路线6流至热交换器500并且该蒸气冷凝并经由路线7返回至货舱200。蒸气流动是通过自然循环的方式。无需压缩机或例如喷射器的其它机械装置将蒸气从货舱200推动至热交换器500以进行冷凝和返回。
冷凝与第二类型的货物相关的所有蒸气所需要的制冷负荷取自再液化单元处理所有与第一类型的货物相关的蒸气的可获得的剩余制冷容量。来自制冷单元300的冷凝物因此被用作热交换器500中的制冷剂,以冷凝来自第二类型的货物的蒸气。
热交换器500优选地安装在LPG船上的高点位置上,从而允许冷凝的蒸气自由地流回至货舱100、200。高点位置可以在货物压缩机室的顶部上,沿LPG船行进的管件架上,任何现有甲板模块上的高点上或专用的高点结构上。
与所有来自第一类型的货物的蒸气相关的处理原则上与现有技术相同,但不同的方面是由如下情形所导致的增加的蒸气流动速率:返回至舱100的冷凝物在返回至货舱100之前首先被用作冷凝与来自第二类型的货物的所有相关的蒸气。返回至货舱100中的第一类型的货物的净冷凝物对应于作为由添加至货舱100的热量导致的蒸发的净蒸发货物蒸气。
根据本发明的功能基于下述情形:每个再液化单元设计用于处理装满通常为丙烷的其最冷设计货物的船只,并且当该货物容量中的一些由例如丁烷的较暖货物占据时,能获得用于冷凝较暖部分货物的额外制冷容量。
通过将增加到较暖货物侧的热量转移至较冷货物侧,并且因此循环比如果操作两个分离的装置更冷的蒸气流,来利用额外的制冷容量。
本示例图示了用于在VLGC船上的装载有两个等级物的LPG船的操作。异丁烷装载在两个货舱中,舱A&B,并且丙烷装载在两个另外的货舱中,舱C&D。
大约690kg/hr的异丁烷朝向热交换器500自然地流动并且通常以-3℃的温度进入热交换器。冷却和冷凝该异丁烷的流所需要的总的制冷负荷大约为71kW。冷却和冷凝丙烷流所需要的总的制冷负荷大约为219kW。一个再液化单元具有427kW的总制冷容量。
存在用于其它尺寸的LPG船的其它尺寸的再液化单元。
如在图4中所描绘的,节流阀600被可替代地定位在热交换器500的下游。
当需要时,热交换器500能够可替代地定位在比延伸返回到货舱100、200的管线低的高度,但是,那就必须安装循环泵700,参见图5,其未示出热交换器相对于管线的恰当位置。
可替代地,参见图6,能够在热交换器500的上游安装小的增压器或压缩机800,其提供略微升高的冷凝压力并且因此还允许热交换器500的更灵活的定位。
如在图7中所示,经由路线5离开热交换器500的混合相流体进入分离器900,在分离器900中,蒸气和液体相被分离。液体经由路线8离开并且被引回至货舱100中的第一类型的货物内。蒸气经由路线9离开并且与在路线1中流动的蒸气混合。通过该布置,减少了每个液密容器和相关的管线所需要的蒸气处理容量。
为了使机器运行时间最小化,间歇地操作再液化单元。其通过如下方式来完成:允许货舱中的压力增加至高的水平,然后启动再液化单元并且降低货舱中的压力。实际的运行时间由几个因素控制,例如,环境温度、货物中的挥发成分的量以及海面情况。LPG中的挥发成分通常是乙烷并且通常在0mol%和5mol%之间变化。可能偶尔出现高浓度的乙烷。
参见图8,在图1中所示的压缩机1.100和1.200通常是一个大的往复式压缩机2.000的两个压缩级。多于两个的压缩级也常见,但未示出。电动马达1.900驱动压缩机。
往复式压缩机是正位移压缩机,其中,对于给定的压缩机其体积容量由其设计给定并且因此在任何给定时间以其最大体积容量运行。由于不仅运行时间还有压缩功都由如环境温度和待被压缩的气体中挥发成分的量的条件控制,所以电动马达1.900无需以其最大连续速率运行。
为了利用电动马达的动力势能,建出当上述条件允许时将马达每分钟转数加速至高于正常标准的每分钟转数,其将通过将电源1.950的频率增加至高于正常标准来完成。位移压缩机的体积容量随速度增加成比例地增加,因此制冷容量也增加,并且因此运行时间缩短。
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.一种用于在LPG船上存储和运输LPG、特别是一次装船不同LPG类型的两种货物的方法,所述LPG船具有再液化单元(300,400),在所述再液化单元(300,400)中,蒸发的气体冷凝并且然后返回至用于各个LPG类型的货物的至少一个货舱(100)内,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
使用最少一个运行的所述再液化单元(300,400)冷凝来自所述类型货物中的第一类型的货物的蒸气以生产第一冷凝的蒸气;
使所述第一冷凝的蒸气通过热交换器(500);
同时使来自所述两种类型的货物中的第二类型的货物的蒸气流动通过所述热交换器(500),以借助于与所述第一冷凝的蒸气进行热交换来冷凝所述蒸气以生产第二冷凝的蒸气;以及
使离开所述热交换器的所述第一冷凝的蒸气和所述第二冷凝的蒸气返回至所述相应类型的货物内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
节流来自所述热交换器(500)的上游或下游的所述再液化单元(300,400)的所述第一冷凝的蒸气以满足压力要求。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
分两级节流所述冷凝的蒸气以满足压力要求。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
将所述热交换器(500)安装在位于所述LPG船上的高点位置上,以允许所述第一冷凝的蒸气和所述第二冷凝的蒸气自由地流回至所述相应的货舱(100,200)内。
5.根据前述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
如果返回至用于所述第二类型的货物的至少一个货舱(200)的自由流动受到阻止,则泵送所述第二冷凝的蒸气以返回至所述第二类型的货物内。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
压缩所述热交换器(500)上游的所述第二类型的货物的蒸气,以提供升高的冷凝压力,并且因此允许所述热交换器(500)的比较灵活的定位。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
使所述第一类型的货物的从所述热交换器(500)返回的所述第一冷凝的蒸气通过分离器,以分离蒸气和液体相;以及
使液体返回至所述第一类型的货物内。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
依靠电动马达(1.900)操作在所述再液化单元(300,400)中的往复式压缩机(2.000),并且当能够允许时,加速所述马达高于正常标准以使用其动力势能。
9.一种用于在LPG船上存储和运输LPG、特别是一次装船不同LPG类型的两种货物的系统,所述LPG船具有再液化单元(300,400),在所述再液化单元(300,400)中,蒸发的气体冷凝并且然后返回至用于各个LPG类型的货物的至少一个货舱(100)内,其特征在于:
构造最少一个运行的所述再液化单元(300,400),以冷凝来自所述两种类型的货物中的第一类型的货物的第一蒸气;
构造热交换器(500),以使冷凝的所述第一蒸气通过所述热交换器(500);所述热交换器(500)进一步被构造成允许来自所述类型的货物中的第二类型的货物的蒸气同时流动通过所述热交换器(500),以通过与所述第一冷凝的蒸气进行热交换来冷凝所述蒸气,以生产第二冷凝的蒸气;以及
所述热交换器具有出口,所述出口使得离开所述热交换器的所述第一冷凝的蒸气和所述第二冷凝的蒸气能够返回至所述各个类型的货物内。
10.根据权利要求9所述系统,其特征在于,所述再液化单元中的一个再液化单元(400)布置成备用操作。
11.根据权利要求9所述系统,其特征在于,所述热交换器是自由流动式冷凝器(500)。
12.根据前述权利要求9至11中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,所述类型的货物被保持在货舱中,至少一个分开的舱(100,200)用于所述相应类型的货物。
13.根据前述权利要求9至12中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,使用分别布置在所述热交换器(500)的上游或下游的流动路线中的节流阀(600)节流来自所述再液化单元(300,400)的所述第一冷凝的蒸气。
14.根据前述权利要求9至12中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,分两级节流来自所述再液化单元(300,400)的所述第一冷凝的蒸气。
15.根据前述权利要求9至14中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,所述热交换器(500)安装在位于所述LPG船上的高点位置处。
16.根据前述权利要求9至14中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,如果返回至装载有所述第二类型的货物的所述至少一个货舱(200)的自由流动受到阻止,则通过位于管线(7)中的泵(700)泵送所述第二冷凝的蒸气。
17.根据前述权利要求9至15中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,通过布置在所述热交换器(500)的上游的压缩机(800)压缩所述第二类型的货物的蒸气。
18.根据前述权利要求9至17中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,所述第一类型的货物的从所述热交换器(500)返回的所述第一冷凝的蒸气通过分离器,以及分离的液体返回至用于所述第一类型的货物的所述至少一个舱(100)内。
19.根据前述权利要求9至18中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,通过电动马达(1.900)操作在所述再液化单元(300,400)中的往复式压缩机(200),并且当允许时,所述马达被加速至正常速度以上。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于在LPG船上存储和运输LPG,特别是一次装船不同LPG类型的两种货物的方法,所述LPG船具有再液化单元(300,400),在所述再液化单元(300,400)中,蒸发的气体冷凝并且然后返回至用于各个LPG类型的货物的至少一个货舱(100)内,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
使用最少一个运行的所述再液化单元(300,400),以冷凝来自所述第一类型的货物的蒸气;
使所述冷凝的蒸气通过热交换器(500);
同时使来自所述第二类型的货物的蒸气流动通过所述热交换器(500),以通过与所述冷凝的蒸气进行热交换来冷凝所述蒸气;以及
使离开所述热交换器的所述冷凝的蒸气返回至所述各个类型的货物内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
节流来自所述热交换器(500)的上游或下游的所述再液化单元(300,400)的所述冷凝的蒸气,以满足压力要求。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
分两级节流所述冷凝的蒸气,以满足压力要求。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
将所述热交换器(500)安装在所述LPG船的高点位置上,以容许所述冷凝的蒸气自由地流回至所述货舱(100,200)内。
5.根据前述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
如果返回至用于所述第二类型的货物的至少一个货舱(200)的自由流动受到阻止,则泵送所述冷凝的蒸气以返回至所述第二类型的货物内。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
压缩所述热交换器(500)上游的所述第二类型的货物的蒸气,以提供升高的冷凝压力,并且因此允许所述热交换器(500)的比较灵活的定位。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
使所述第一类型的货物的从所述热交换器(500)返回的冷凝的蒸气通过分离器,以致分离蒸气和液体相;以及
使液体返回至所述第一类型的货物内。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括:
通过电动马达(1.900)操作在所述再液化单元(300,400)中的往复式压缩机(2.000),并且,当能够容许时,加速所述马达高于正常标准,以致使用其动力势能。
9.一种用于在LPG船上存储和运输LPG,特别是,一次装船不同LPG类型的两种货物的系统,所述LPG船具有再液化单元(300,400),在所述再液化单元(300,400)中,蒸发的气体冷凝并且然后返回至用于各个LPG类型的货物的至少一个货舱(100)内,其特征在于:
使用最少一个运行的所述再液化单元(300,400),以冷凝来自所述第一类型的货物的蒸气;
使所述冷凝的蒸气通过热交换器(500);
使来自所述第二类型的货物的蒸气同时流动通过所述热交换器(500),以通过与所述冷凝的蒸气进行热交换来冷凝蒸气;以及
使离开所述热交换器的所述冷凝的蒸气返回至所述各个类型的货物内。
10.根据权利要求9所述系统,其特征在于,所述再液化单元中的一个再液化单元(400)布置成备用操作。
11.根据权利要求9所述系统,其特征在于,所述热交换器是自由流动式冷凝器(500)。
12.根据前述权利要求9至11中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,所述类型的货物被保持在货舱中,至少一个分开的舱(100,200)用于所述相应类型的货物。
13.根据前述权利要求9至12中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,使用分别布置在所述热交换器(500)的上游或下游的流动路线中的节流阀(600)节流来自所述再液化单元(300,400)的所述冷凝的蒸气。
14.根据前述权利要求9至12中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,分两级节流来自所述再液化单元(300,400)的所述冷凝的蒸气。
15.根据前述权利要求9至14中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,所述热交换器(500)安装在所述LPG船上的高点位置处。
16.根据前述权利要求9至14中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,如果返回至装载有所述第二类型的货物的所述至少一个货舱(200)的自由流动受到阻止,则通过位于管线(7)中的泵(700)泵送所述冷凝的蒸气。
17.根据前述权利要求9至15中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,通过布置在所述热交换器(500)的上游的压缩机(800)压缩所述第二类型的货物的蒸气。
18.根据前述权利要求9至17中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,所述第一类型的货物的从所述热交换器(500)返回的所述冷凝的蒸气通过分离器,以及分离的液体返回至用于所述第一类型的货物的所述至少一个舱(100)内。
19.根据前述权利要求9至18中的任一项所述系统,其特征在于,通过电动马达(1.900)操作在所述再液化单元(300,400)中的往复式压缩机(200),并且当允许时,所述马达被加速至高于正常标准。
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CN104964158B (zh) 2017-05-10
US20160281930A1 (en) 2016-09-29
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US9982844B2 (en) 2018-05-29

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