CN102295348B - Removing method of salt in recession of saline and alkaline land - Google Patents
Removing method of salt in recession of saline and alkaline land Download PDFInfo
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- CN102295348B CN102295348B CN2011101643993A CN201110164399A CN102295348B CN 102295348 B CN102295348 B CN 102295348B CN 2011101643993 A CN2011101643993 A CN 2011101643993A CN 201110164399 A CN201110164399 A CN 201110164399A CN 102295348 B CN102295348 B CN 102295348B
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention provides a removing method of salt in recession of a saline and alkaline land. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a subsidiary drain and a main drain; constructing a trash rack, a trash removing platform and a braiding channel; constructing a wetland pond; and planting and harvesting wetland plants, and the like. In the method, reed, cattails and other wetland plants grow under a condition of higher saline and alkaline degrees and absorb salt in recession of the saline and alkaline land; and the salt in the recession of the saline and alkaline land is removed by a mode of harvesting the reed, the cattail and other wetland aquatic plants. When the reed is adopted to absorb salt in the recession, the salt removal amount is 210 to 350g/m<2>; when the cattail is adopted to absorb the salt in the recession, the salt removal amount is 200 to 310g/m<2>. According to the removing method of salt in the recession of the saline and alkaline land provided by the invention, the salt content in the recession of the saline and alkaline land can be effectively reduced, the influence to the peripheral ecological environment is reduced, and generation of a secondary saline and alkaline land is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to artificial swamp water treatment method and Technology field, be specifically related to the removal methods of salinity in the water-break of a kind of saltings.
Background technology
As the song-Nen plain area in one of range of distribution, three sodium thiosulfate salinization soil, the world, be the famous agricultural of China, animal husbandry base.1994-2000, country has carried out the test in modify-water field, saltings large peace paleo-streams bank, takes away soil salt by irrigation leaching, improves soil regime, make the littoral regional grain realize volume increase, and progressively formed the Development patterns that the Northeast's increases in grain production are realized in modify-water field, saltings.Yet, owing to lacking the measure of processing the saltings water-break of developing, modify-water field, song-Nen plain saline-alkaline ground has caused agriculture water-break pollution, the paddy field surrounding ground has produced Soil Secondary salinization problem, very large variation has occured in soil property, nonsaline-alkali soil becomes saline-alkali soil, and the land yield that causes planting plant on every side descends.
Substantially all be some physical methods to the desalting method of saliferous saltings farmland water-break at present, mainly comprise the methods such as electroosmose process, reverse osmosis method, sand filtration method.These method desalting efficiencies are high, generally can remove the salinity more than 30%, even can be up to 99.3%.It is high that but the shortcoming of these methods is processing costs, and front-end investment is large, is not suitable for the farmland water-break that the water yield is large, saltiness is low.The lacustrine wetland of song-Nen plain and bottom land, bubble ground are more, and the lacustrine wetland growth has a large amount of wetland plants, and wherein maximum plants is cattail and reed.The farmland water-break can be processed as the receiving water body of saltings water-break by the mode of building artificial swamp in bottom land and the landlocked bubble ground that some can not be improved in restore vegetation, reparation ecotope.Reed is a kind of tall grass of for many years aquatic or humidogene, has superpower acclimation ability and the characteristic of Salt And Alkali Tolerance.Being limited to about 9.0 in the tolerance of reed pH, is that the reed growth is not affected by the salinity in the water body under the condition of 15g/L in saltiness.Cattail also is a kind of perennial very this plant of pasture and water, and vitality is strong, growth rapidly, but root system is more shallow, can with the reed miscegenation.PH through monitoring the water-break of most of saltings about 8.3, saltiness between 0.3～1.3g/L, cattail and reed all can be in the water-break of saltings normal growth.Cattail and reed have preferably salt-tolerant trait, and ash oontent is higher.Such as reference 1: Zhao Kefu, model sea. halophytes and to the adaptation physiology [M] in salt marsh habitat. Beijing: Science Press, the wetland plants such as reed, Value of Spartina Anglica, salt wormwood artemisia, Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail that studies have shown that among the 2005:25-172 all have good salt-tolerant trait, can be used as the instrument of biological desalination.Such as reference 2: Ning Zulin, Chen Huijuan, Wang Zhuna, Deng. several tall grass calorific values and ash content Dynamic variation [J]. Acta Prataculture, 2010,19 (2): the ash content rate of having put down in writing reed among the 241-247 is about 7.89 ± 1.09%, greater than majority of plant.Reference 3:Solano M.L, Soriano P., Ciria M.P..Constructed Wetlands as a Sustainable Solution for Wastewater Treatment in Small Villages[J] .Biosystems Engineering, 2004,87 (1): put down in writing cattail ash content rate among the 109-118 and reached as high as 12.3%.The planting technology of cattail and reed is very ripe at present, utilizes approach extensively and has formed industrialization.The cattail purposes is very extensive, and except being used for papermaking, conduct braiding starting material, spire base portion and root stock tip can be made cooked food, and pollen also can be used as medicine, and female titbit can be made the weighting material of pillow and cushion.The reed quality is fine and smooth, fibre-enrich, and bamboo property is strong, and is of many uses.The reed stalk can be made papermaking and artificial silk, artificial cotton raw material, also can be used as to be good feed.Reed also can be made at home and be decorated, or for weaving mat, curtain etc.
China's saltings water-break water yield is very large, and only the annual water of Technique in Western Jilin Province just has 300,000,000 m
3, TDS is generally at 400～1200mg/L, and salt and alkali that this part is got off by drip washing if scientifically do not processed, As time goes on, certainly will cause Secondary Saline and the ecological problem in non-salinization soil.Because China does not have limit standard to the saltiness in the agricultural draining present stage, that is to say not removing of salinity in the water-break of saltings required, therefore the processing of the agricultural water-break of this class of saltings do not caused enough attention.Because the waterplant such as cattail, reed have good desalting effect, such as plant results in addition, will be a measure that effectively removes salinity in the water-break of saltings by plantation in the wetland pool and results salt tolerant waterplant.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes the removal methods of salinity in the water-break of a kind of saltings, the wetland plant that the method utilizes cattail and reed etc. to grow under than high salinity degree condition absorbs the salinity in the salt leaching of farmland water-break of saltings, and removes salinity in the water-break of saltings by the mode of gathering in the wetland waterplant such as cattail and reed autumn.The method of utilizing the present invention to propose is carried out salinity when removing, and the contained ash content of cattail is 200g～310g/m
2, Ca wherein
2+21.1～31.1g/m
2, K
+44.1～46.1g/m
2, Mg
2+8.7～9.3g/m
2, Na
+18.8～19.9g/m
2, Cl
-30.7～42.8g/m
2, SO
4 2-22.0～30.9g/m
2The contained ash content of reed is 210g～350g/m
2, Ca wherein
2+3.8～9.6g/m
2, K
+5.0～15.3g/m
2, Mg
2+1.6～2.9g/m
2, Na
+2.8～3.3g/m
2, Cl
-13.5～17.1g/m
2, SO
4 2-20.0～25.7g/m
2Can remove by this method in the salt leaching of farmland water-break of saltings 13～58% salinity.Wherein, Na
+Decreasing ratio is 1～18%, SO
4 2-Decreasing ratio is 27～100%, Ca
2+Decreasing ratio is 2～46%, Cl
-Decreasing ratio is 11～100%, Mg
2+Decreasing ratio is 6～100%, K
+Decreasing ratio is near 100%.The removal methods that the present invention proposes effectively reduces the saltiness in the water-break of saltings, reduces it to the impact of ecotope on every side, avoids the generation of secondary salinization of land, and the wetland plant of harvesting can be used for papermaking or is processed as artwork and obtains economic benefit.
The present invention proposes the removal methods of salinity in the water-break of a kind of saltings, specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: construct discharge conduit:
(1) construct tributary drainage ditch according to the saltings area:
The upper surface furrow width of described tributary drainage ditch is 50～100cm, and the tributary drainage ditch degree of depth is 50～100cm; Tributary drainage ditch should be arranged in parallel according to landform, and the length of every tributary drainage ditch should not surpass 800m, and the spacing of adjacent two tributary drainage ditches should not surpass 200m, and the tributary drainage ditch number of constructing satisfies per 300～500m
2A tributary drainage ditch is constructed in the saltings.
(2) construct trunk drainage ditch, concentrate to flow into the saltings water-break in many tributary drainage ditches in the trunk drainage ditch after, flow into the wetland pool from the remittance mouth of the width on the wetland pool, the mode of connection on described trunk drainage ditch and the wetland pool is that the water surface flushes.
The upper surface width of the channel of described trunk drainage ditch is 1/1000 * L～1/100 * L, and L is wetland pool width (this width of the channel needs to check through flow velocity); Slope coefficient 1～1.25, control trunk drainage ditch average depth be in the wetland pool average depth 1/2～4/5, the superelevation of trunk drainage ditch is 0.3～0.5m.
PP fiber concrete slab revetment is adopted on meet water side slope of described trunk drainage ditch, and the channel bottom is low liquid limit clay.Canal subsoil matter can adopt the soil removal and replacement method or lay composite geo-membrane if can't reach requirement.The canal cross section pattern adopts trapezoidal.
Described superelevation refers to the distance of the upper surface of the horizontal plane trunk drainage ditch in the trunk drainage ditch.
Step 2: construct trash rack and the platform of removing contamination
Construct trash rack and the platform of removing contamination at trunk drainage ditch:
(1) constructs trash rack: import in mouthful trunk drainage ditch at 10～20m place on the distance wetland pool and arrange the first trash rack, arrange the second trash rack at distance first trash rack 3～20m place away from the direction that imports mouth, the first trash rack and the second trash rack bottom are embedded in the soil of trunk drainage ditch canal slope, the mounting inclination angle degree is 60 °～75 °, vergence direction is towards a remittance mouthful direction, and the top of the first trash rack and second trash rack all is higher than the water surface 0.1～0.2m in the trunk drainage ditch.
(2) construct the platform of removing contamination:
Build the platform of removing contamination on the top of first trash rack and second trash rack and trunk drainage ditch respectively, the width of the platform of removing contamination is all more than or equal to 0.7m.
Satisfy 9: 1～19: 1 relation according to the ratio of the area on saltings and the wetland pool, construct the wetland pool, described wetland pool area is the port area of top, the wetland pool, the mean depth that the described wetland pool can hold water is 0.4～0.8m, the water superelevation is 0.6～0.8m, and deep water is deeply less than or equal to 1.5m.The described wetland pool is provided with at width and imports mouth, is used for the water-in of trunk drainage ditch water filling, and the wetland pool does not have water outlet.Being flat at the bottom of the pool on the wetland pool, is the slope from importing a mouthful end to importing a mouthful relative the other end at the bottom of the pool, and ramp slope is 0～1.5%, and imports a mouthful end and be higher than and import a mouthful relative the other end, and the slope coefficient on the wetland pool is 1: 2～1: 3.The dykes and dams on the wetland pool are higher than near ground, in order to avoid rainwater imports the wetland pool when raining.
Step 4: in the wetland pool, plant wetland plant, absorb the water-break salinity:
(1) water filling in the wetland pool, described water are that average depth is 0～2cm behind the common well water or river, plantation wetland plant (such as waterplant such as cattail, reeds) when season, medial temperature was 15～25 ℃, and planting density is 8～15 strains/m
2, planting patterns is the root stock breeding.
When (2) treating that wetland plant grows into the center line average of 15～25cm, continue water filling in the wetland pool, it is 10～20cm that the depth of water satisfies water surface distance plant top mean distance.
(3) 50～90 days after-applied fertilizers of plantation First Year, rate of fertilizer application is 100～200kg/ mu.
(4) plantation began to inject the saltings water-break after 100～180 days, the saltings water-break is flowed out from the saltings by tributary drainage ditch and is flowed into trunk drainage ditch, flow in the wetland pool through trunk drainage ditch again, make that average depth satisfies the average depth requirement that designs in the step 1 in the wetland pool;
Step 5: harvesting wetland plant:
Plant and begin to gather in wetland plant after 180～240 days.Wetland plant harvesting position is more than the soil surface 20cm at the bottom of the pool, the wetland pool.After for the first time gathering in wetland plant, constantly supply with the saltings water-break in the wetland pool, average depth satisfies the average depth requirement that designs in the step 3 in the maintenance wetland pool, every wetland plant of harvesting in 330～380 days.
The advantage that the present invention has is:
1, the removal methods of salinity in a kind of saltings water-break of proposing of the present invention can effectively reduce the saltiness in the water-break of saltings, avoids salinity contained in the water-break that ecotope is on every side impacted;
2, the removal methods of salinity in a kind of saltings water-break of the present invention's proposition, the wetland plant of plantation harvesting can be repaired degraded wetland, improves local view, improves the ecological environment;
3, the removal methods of salinity in a kind of saltings water-break of the present invention's proposition, the wetland plant of harvesting can be used for papermaking or be processed as artwork, economic benefits.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the removal methods schema of salinity in a kind of saltings water-break that the present invention proposes;
Fig. 2: the structure iron of the wetland pool, trunk drainage ditch and tributary drainage ditch in the removal methods of salinity in a kind of saltings water-break that the present invention proposes;
Fig. 3: trunk drainage ditch and trash rack structural representation in the removal methods of salinity in a kind of saltings water-break that the present invention proposes;
Fig. 4: the sectional view on the wetland pool in the removal methods of salinity in a kind of saltings water-break that the present invention proposes.
Among the figure: the 1-tributary drainage ditch; The 2-trunk drainage ditch; 3-the first trash rack; 4-the second trash rack;
The 5-platform of removing contamination; 6-imports mouth; The 7-wetland pool; 8-trash rack grizzly bar;
The 9-gauging line.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done and to describe in further detail:
The present invention proposes the removal methods of salinity in the water-break of a kind of saltings, as shown in Figure 1, specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: construct tributary drainage ditch 1 and trunk drainage ditch 2, as shown in Figure 2:
(1) construct tributary drainage ditch 1 according to the saltings area:
The upper surface furrow width of described tributary drainage ditch 1 is 50～100cm, and tributary drainage ditch 1 degree of depth is 50～100cm; Tributary drainage ditch should be arranged in parallel according to landform, and length should not surpass 800m, and spacing should not surpass 200m, and the tributary drainage ditch number of constructing satisfies per 300～500m
2A tributary drainage ditch is constructed in the saltings.
(2) construct trunk drainage ditch 2, concentrate to flow into the saltings water-break in many tributary drainage ditches 1 in the trunk drainage ditch 2 after, flow into the wetland pools 7 from the remittance mouth 6 of the width on the wetland pool 7, described trunk drainage ditch 2 is that the water surface flushes with the mode of connection on the wetland pool 7.
The upper surface width of the channel of described trunk drainage ditch 2 is 1/1000 * L～1/100 * L, and L is the wetland pool 7 width (this width of the channel needs to check through flow velocity); The slope coefficient 1～1.25 of trunk drainage ditch 2, control trunk drainage ditch 2 in average depth be in the wetland pool 7 average depth 1/2～4/5, the superelevation 0.3～0.5m in the trunk drainage ditch 2.
PP fiber concrete slab revetment is adopted on meet water side slope of described trunk drainage ditch 2, and the channel bottom is low liquid limit clay.Canal subsoil matter can adopt the soil removal and replacement method or lay composite geo-membrane if can't reach requirement.The canal cross section pattern adopts trapezoidal.
Described superelevation refers to the distance of upper surface of the horizontal plane trunk drainage ditch 2 of trunk drainage ditch 2.
Step 2: construct trash rack 3,4 and the platform 5 of removing contamination:
Construct trash rack 3,4 and the platform 5 of removing contamination at trunk drainage ditch 2, as shown in Figure 3:
(1) constructs trash rack 3,4: in the remittance mouth 6 on the distance wetland pool 7 is the trunk drainage ditch 2 at 10～20m place, arrange first trash rack 3, such as Fig. 2, being 3～20m place at distance first trash rack 3 arranges second trash rack 4 away from the direction that imports mouthfuls 6, the first trash rack 3 and the second trash rack 4 are embedded in the soil of trunk drainage ditch 2 canals slope, the mounting inclination angle degree is 60 °～75 °, vergence direction is towards importing mouthful 6 directions, and it is 0.1～0.2m that the top of the first trash rack 3 and second trash rack 4 all is higher than trunk drainage ditch 2 median water level lines 9, the distance that namely is higher than gauging line 9 is 0.1～0.2m, such as Fig. 3.
Described the first trash rack 3 and the second trash rack 4 are that some trash rack grizzly bars 8 form, the section form of each trash rack grizzly bar 8 is square, the length of side is 10～15mm, trash rack grizzly bar 8 spacings are 15～20mm, and the first trash rack 3 and the second trash rack 4 trash racks are embedded in the soil of trunk drainage ditch 2 canals slope.
(2) construct the platform 5 of removing contamination:
Build the platform 5 of removing contamination at first trash rack 3 and second trash rack 4 with the top of trunk drainage ditch 2 respectively, the width of the platform 5 of removing contamination is all more than or equal to 0.7m.
Satisfy 9: 1～19: 1 relation according to the ratio of the area on saltings and the wetland pool 7, construct the wetland pool 7, as shown in Figure 2, the average depth that the described wetland pool 7 can hold water is 0.4～0.8m, and superelevation is 0.6～0.8m, and deep water is deeply less than or equal to 1.5m.Saltiness according to concrete pending saltings, determine the average depth on saltings and the wetland pool 7 area ratio and the wetland pool 7, various places salting of soil degree, rainfall amount, steam output difference, the area on the corresponding wetland pool, unit surface saltings 7 is also different.The wetland pool area ratio that the saltings saltiness is less than or equal to 0.3% saltings and structure is about 12: 1～and 19: 1, saltings and the wetland pool area ratio of structure of saltiness between 0.3% and 0.5% be about 10: 1～13: 1, saltiness more than or equal to the wetland pool area ratio of 0.5% saltings and structure be about 9: 1～13: 1.The described wetland pool 7 is provided with at width and imports mouth 6, is used for the water-in of trunk drainage ditch 2 water fillings, and the wetland pool 7 does not have water outlet.Be flat at the bottom of the pool on the wetland pool 7, it is normal soil at the bottom of the pool, as shown in Figure 4, be the slope from importing a mouthful end to importing a mouthful relative the other end at the bottom of the pool, ramp slope is 0～1.5%, the slope coefficient on the wetland pool 7 is 1: 2～1: 3, and described slope coefficient is the vertical depth on the wetland pool 7 and the ratio of horizontal length/stand out.The dykes and dams on the wetland pool 7 are higher than near ground, in order to avoid rainwater imports the wetland pool 7 when raining.
The side slope position around the wetland pool 7 is not considered in the calculating of described average depth, only calculates the mean depth of corresponding water at the bottom of 7 pools, the wetland pool.
Table 1 saltings saltiness, the wetland pool 7 average depths and saltings and the wetland pool 7 area ratio relation tables
| Saltings saltiness (%) | ≤0.3 | 0.3～0.5 | ≥0.5 |
| Ratio | 12∶1～19∶1 | 10∶1～13∶1 | 9∶1～13∶1 |
Step 4: in the wetland pool 7, plant wetland plant, absorb the water-break salinity:
(1) water filling in the wetland pool 7, described water is the saltings water-break, average depth after the injection is less than or equal to 2cm, plantation wetland plant (such as waterplant such as cattail, reeds) when season, medial temperature was 15～25 ℃, planting density is 8～15 strains/m2, and planting patterns is the root stock breeding.When saltings water-break water shortage, well water that can be common or river are replaced.
When (2) treating that wetland plant grows into the center line average of 15～25cm, continue water filling in the wetland pool 7, it is 10～20cm that average depth satisfies water surface distance plant top mean distance.
(3) 50～90 days after-applied fertilizers of plantation, rate of fertilizer application is 100～200kg/ mu.
(4) plantation began to inject the saltings water-break after 100～180 days, the saltings water-break is flowed out from the saltings by tributary drainage ditch 1 and is flowed into trunk drainage ditch 2, flow in the wetland pools 7 through trunk drainage ditch 2 again, make that average depth satisfies the average depth requirement that designs in the step 1 in the wetland pool 7;
Step 5: harvesting wetland plant:
Plant and begin to gather in wetland plant after 180～240 days.Wetland plant harvesting position is more than the soil surface 20cm at the bottom of 7 pools, the wetland pool.After for the first time gathering in wetland plant, constantly supply with water-break in the wetland pool 7, average depth satisfies the design requirements of average depth in the step 3 in the maintenance wetland pool 7, every wetland plant of harvesting in 330～380 days.
The removal methods of salinity in a kind of saltings water-break that the present invention proposes, when the saltings saltiness was less than or equal to 0.3%, the wetland of unit surface can be processed the water-break of the saltings generation of 12～19 times of areas; When the saltings saltiness was between 0.3% and 0.5%, the wetland of unit surface can be processed the water-break of the saltings generation of 10～13 times of areas; When the saltings saltiness more than or equal to 0.5% the time, the wetland of unit surface can be processed the water-break that the saltings of 9～13 times of areas produces.Can remove by this method in the salt leaching of farmland water-break of saltings 13～58% salinity.Wherein, Na
+Decreasing ratio is 1～18%, S0
4 2-Decreasing ratio is 27～100%, Ca
2+Decreasing ratio is 2～46%, Cl
-Decreasing ratio is 11～100%, Mg
2+Decreasing ratio is 6～100%, K
+Decreasing ratio is near 100%.When the corresponding saltings of wetland saltiness is less than or equal to 0.3%, the salinity that can remove by harvesting wetland pool plant behind 3-5 will account for total more than 70% of salinity in the salt leaching of farmland water-break of saltings, and the corresponding saltings of wetland saltiness between 0.3% and 0.5% or the saltiness salinity that needs more than or equal to 0.5% time can to remove by harvesting wetland pool plant behind the 15-30 can account in the salt leaching of farmland water-break of saltings always more than 70% of salinity.The method to the salinity removal effect in the water-break of saltings preferably ion be K
+, SO
4 2-, Ca
2+, Cl
-, Mg
2+, to Na
+Removal effect is not obvious, and 30% salinity that is not removed is in the majority with sodium ion.
Embodiment 1:
Step 1, construct tributary drainage ditch 1 and trunk drainage ditch 2 according to the saltings area:
(1) the upper surface furrow width of described tributary drainage ditch 1 is 50cm, and the degree of depth is 50cm; Tributary drainage ditch is arranged in parallel according to landform, and length is 400m, and spacing is 100m, and the number of constructing satisfies every 300m
2A tributary drainage ditch 1 need be constructed in the saltings.
(2) construct trunk drainage ditch 2, by trunk drainage ditch 2 width one side of the water-break in many tributary drainage ditches 1 from the wetland pool 7 imported the wetland pool 7, described trunk drainage ditch 2 is that the water surface flushes with the mode of connection on the wetland pool 7.
The upper surface width of the channel of described trunk drainage ditch 2 is 1/1000 * L, and L is the wetland pool 7 width; Slope coefficient 1, control trunk drainage ditch 2 in average depth be in the wetland pool 7 average depth 1/2, the superelevation 0.3m in the trunk drainage ditch 2.
PP fiber concrete slab revetment is adopted on meet water side slope of described trunk drainage ditch 2, and the canal cross section pattern adopts trapezoidal.
Step 2: construct trash rack 3,4 and the platform 5 of removing contamination:
(1) constructs trash rack 3,4: import a mouthful 10m place apart from trunk drainage ditch 2 and the wetland pool 7 and arrange first trash rack 3,3m place at distance first trash rack 3 arranges second trash rack 4 away from the direction that imports mouth 6, first trash rack 3 and second trash rack 4 are 60 ° along the water (flow) direction angle of inclination, vergence direction is towards a remittance mouthful direction, and the upper surface of the first trash rack 3 and second trash rack 4 all is higher than water surface 0.1m in the trunk drainage ditch 2.
Described the first trash rack 3 and the second trash rack 4 are that some trash rack grizzly bars 8 form, the section form of each trash rack grizzly bar 8 is square, the length of side is 10mm, and trash rack grizzly bar 8 spacings are 15mm, and the first trash rack 3 and the second trash rack 4 trash racks are embedded in the soil of trunk drainage ditch 2 canals slope.
(2) construct the platform 5 of removing contamination: build the platform 5 of removing contamination at first trash rack 3 and second trash rack 4 with the upper surface of trunk drainage ditch 2 respectively, the width of the platform 5 of removing contamination is 0.7m.
The saltiness in pending saltings is 0.20%, the ratio of constructing the area on saltings and the wetland pool 7 is 19: 1, ramp slope is 0 at the bottom of the pool on the wetland pool 7, has the mouth of remittance on 7 widths of the wetland pool, the wetland pool 7 slope coefficients are 1: 2, the mean depth that the wetland pool 7 can hold water is 0.4m, and superelevation is 0.6m.
Step 4: the plantation cattail, the salinity of water-break in the absorption wetland pool 7:
(1) water filling in the wetland pool 7 makes in the wetland pool 7 Soil conservation at the bottom of the pool wetting, and then the water that injects rests on the soil at the bottom of the pool, make and do not form the water surface in the wetland pool, be that average depth is 0cm, begin to plant cattail when medial temperature is 15 ℃ in season, planting density is 8 strains/m
2, planting patterns is the root stock breeding.
When (2) treating that cattail grows into the center line average of 15cm, continue water filling in the wetland pool 7, it is 10cm that average depth satisfies water surface distance cattail top mean distance.
(3) 50 days after-applied fertilizers of plantation, rate of fertilizer application is 100kg/ mu.
(4) plantation began to inject the saltings water-break according to the average depth that designs in the step 1 after 100 days, and the saltings water-break is flowed out from the saltings by tributary drainage ditch 1 and flowed into trunk drainage ditch 2, flows in the wetland pool 7 finally by trunk drainage ditch 2;
Step 5: harvesting cattail:
Plant and begin to gather in cattail after 180 days, harvested position is the soil surface 20cm place at the bottom of 7 pools, the wetland pool.After for the first time gathering in cattail, constantly supply with the saltings water-break in the wetland pool 7, average depth is 0.4m in the maintenance wetland pool, and every harvesting in 330～365 days once.
Embodiment 2:
Step 1, construct tributary drainage ditch 1 and trunk drainage ditch 2 according to the saltings area:
(1) construct tributary drainage ditch 1: the upper surface furrow width of described tributary drainage ditch 1 is 50cm, and the degree of depth is 50cm; Tributary drainage ditch is arranged in parallel according to landform, and length is 800m, and spacing is 200m; The number of constructing satisfies every 500m
2A tributary drainage ditch 1 need be constructed in the saltings.
(2) construct trunk drainage ditch 2: by trunk drainage ditch 2 width one side of the water-break in many tributary drainage ditches 1 from the wetland pool 7 imported the wetland pool 7, described trunk drainage ditch 2 is that the water surface flushes with the mode of connection on the wetland pool 7.
The upper surface width of the channel of described trunk drainage ditch 2 is 1/100 * L, and L is the wetland pool 7 width; Slope coefficient 1.25, in the control trunk drainage ditch 2 mean depth of water-break be in the wetland pool 7 the water-break mean depth 2/3, the superelevation 0.5m in the trunk drainage ditch 2.PP fiber concrete slab revetment is adopted on meet water side slope of described trunk drainage ditch, and canal subsoil matter is laid composite geo-membrane, and the canal cross section pattern adopts trapezoidal.
(1) construct trash rack 3,4:
The 20m place that imports mouth 6 apart from trunk drainage ditch 2 and the wetland pool arranges first trash rack 3,20m place at distance first trash rack 1 arranges second trash rack 4 away from the direction that imports mouth 6, first trash rack 3 and second trash rack 4 angles of inclination are 75 °, and the upper surface of the first trash rack 3 and second trash rack 4 is higher than water-break water surface 0.2m in the trunk drainage ditch 2.
Described the first trash rack 3 and the second trash rack 4 are that some trash rack grizzly bars 8 form, the section form of each trash rack grizzly bar 8 is square, the length of side is 15mm, and trash rack grizzly bar 8 spacings are 20mm, and the first trash rack 3 and the second trash rack 4 trash racks are embedded in the soil of trunk drainage ditch 2 canals slope.
(2) construct the platform 5 of removing contamination:
Build the platform 5 of removing contamination at the upper surface of first trash rack 3 and second trash rack 4 respectively, the width of the platform 5 of removing contamination is 0.8m.
The saltiness in pending saltings is 0.27%, the ratio of constructing the area on saltings and the wetland pool 7 is 15: 1, has the mouth of remittance 6 on 7 widths of the wetland pool, at the bottom of the pool on the wetland pool, pool bottom sloping is 1.5%, slope coefficient is 1: 3, and the water-break superelevation is 0.8m in the wetland pool 7, and the water-break mean depth is 0.6m.
Step 4: the plantation cattail, the salinity in the stripping wetland pool:
(1) water filling in the wetland pool 7, average depth is 2cm, plantation cattail when season, medial temperature was 25 ℃, planting density is 15 strains/m
2, planting patterns is the root stock breeding.
When (2) treating that cattail grows into the center line average of 25cm, continue water filling in the wetland pool 7, it is 20cm that the depth of water satisfies water surface distance cattail top mean distance.
(3) 90 days after-applied fertilizers of plantation, rate of fertilizer application is 200kg/ mu.
(4) plantation began to inject the saltings water-break according to the average depth 0.6m that designs in the step 1 after 180 days, and the saltings water-break is flowed out from the saltings by tributary drainage ditch 1 and flowed into trunk drainage ditch 2, flows in the wetland pool 7 through trunk drainage ditch 2 again.
Step 5: harvesting cattail:
Plant and begin to gather in cattail after 240 days.The harvesting position of cattail is the soil surface 20cm at the bottom of 7 pools, the wetland pool.After for the first time gathering in cattail, constantly supply with the saltings water-break in the wetland pool 7, keeping in the wetland pool 7 average depth to satisfy the mean depth that designs in the step 1 is 0.6m, every harvesting in 365～380 days once.
Embodiment 3:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 only is that the saltiness in saltings in the step 3 is 0.30%, the ratio of constructing the area on saltings and the wetland pool 7 is 12: 1, the pool, wetland pool bottom sloping is 0, be to be flat at the bottom of the pool, average depth is 0.8m in the wetland pool 7, and other each steps and embodiment 3 are identical.
Embodiment 4:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 only is that the saltiness in saltings in the step 3 is 0.38%, and the Area Ratio on saltings and the wetland pool 7 is 13: 1, and average depth is 0.4m in the wetland pool 7, and other each steps and embodiment 3 are identical.
Embodiment 5:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 only is that the saltiness in saltings in the step 3 is 0.48%, and the Area Ratio on saltings and the wetland pool 7 is 11: 1, and average depth is 0.5m in the wetland pool 7, and other each steps and embodiment 3 are identical.
Embodiment 6:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 only is that the saltiness in saltings in the step 3 is 0.50%, and the Area Ratio on saltings and the wetland pool 7 is 10: 1, and average depth is 0.8m in the wetland pool 7, and other each steps and embodiment 3 are identical.
Embodiment 7:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 only is that the saltiness in saltings in the step 3 is 0.53%, and the Area Ratio on saltings and the wetland pool 7 is 13: 1, and average depth is 0.4m in the wetland pool 7, and other each steps and embodiment 3 are identical.
Embodiment 8:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 only is that the saltiness in saltings in the step 3 is 0.60%, and the Area Ratio on saltings and the wetland pool 7 is 9: 1, and average depth is 0.6m in the wetland pool 7, and other each steps and embodiment 3 are identical.
Embodiment 9:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 only is that the saltiness in saltings in the step 3 is 0.30%, and the Area Ratio on saltings and the wetland pool 7 is 10: 1, and average depth is 0.8m in the wetland pool 7, and other each steps and embodiment 3 are identical.
Embodiment 10:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 only is that the saltiness in saltings in the step 3 is 0.50%, and the Area Ratio on saltings and the wetland pool 7 is 13: 1, and average depth is 0.6m in the wetland pool 7, and other each steps and embodiment 3 are identical.
Embodiment 11:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 only is step 1, and the step 1 of the present embodiment is specially:
Construct tributary drainage ditch 1 and trunk drainage ditch 2 according to the saltings area.The upper surface furrow width of constructed tributary drainage ditch 1 is 75cm, and the degree of depth is 80cm; Tributary drainage ditch is arranged in parallel according to landform, and length is 600m, and spacing is 150m, and the number of constructing satisfies every 400m
2A tributary drainage ditch 1 need be constructed in the saltings.
(2) construct trunk drainage ditch 2, by trunk drainage ditch 2 width one side of the water-break in many tributary drainage ditches 1 from the wetland pool 7 imported the wetland pool 7, described trunk drainage ditch 2 is that the water surface flushes with the mode of connection on the wetland pool 7.
The upper surface width of the channel of described trunk drainage ditch 2 is 1/500 * L, and L is the wetland pool 7 width; Slope coefficient 1, control trunk drainage ditch 2 in average depth be in the wetland pool 7 average depth 4/5, the superelevation 0.4m in the trunk drainage ditch 2.PP fiber concrete slab revetment is adopted on meet water side slope of described trunk drainage ditch, and canal subsoil matter adopts the soil removal and replacement method to be changed to low liquid limit clay.The canal cross section pattern adopts trapezoidal.
Embodiment 12:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 only is step 2, and the step 2 of the present embodiment is specially:
Step 2: construct trash rack 3,4 and the platform 5 of removing contamination
(1) construct trash rack 3,4:
The 15m place that imports mouth 6 apart from trunk drainage ditch 2 and the wetland pool arranges first trash rack 3,10m place at distance first trash rack 1 arranges second trash rack 4 away from the direction that imports mouth 6, first trash rack 3 and second trash rack 4 angles of inclination are 70 °, and the upper surface of the first trash rack 3 and second trash rack 4 is higher than water-break water surface 0.15m in the trunk drainage ditch 2.
Described the first trash rack 3 and the second trash rack 4 are that some trash rack grizzly bars 8 form, the section form of each trash rack grizzly bar 8 is square, the length of side is 12mm, and trash rack grizzly bar 8 spacings are 17mm, and the first trash rack 3 and the second trash rack 4 trash racks are embedded in the soil of trunk drainage ditch 2 canals slope.
(2) construct the platform 5 of removing contamination:
Build the platform 5 of removing contamination at the upper surface of first trash rack 3 and second trash rack 4 respectively, the width of the platform 5 of removing contamination is 1.5m.
Embodiment 13:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 only is step 4, and the step 4 of the present embodiment is specially:
Step 4: in the wetland pool, plant cattail, absorb the water-break salinity:
(1) water filling in the wetland pool, average depth is 1cm, plantation cattail when season, medial temperature was 20 ℃, planting density is 10 strains/m
2, planting patterns is the root stock breeding.
When (2) treating that cattail grows into the center line average of 20cm, continue water filling in the wetland pool, it is 15cm that the depth of water satisfies water surface distance cattail top mean distance.
(3) 70 days after-applied fertilizers of plantation, rate of fertilizer application is 120kg/ mu.
(4) plantation began to inject the saltings water-break after 120 days, and the saltings water-break is flowed out from the saltings by tributary drainage ditch and flowed into trunk drainage ditch, and again in the trunk drainage ditch inflow wetland pool, it is 0.6m that the average depth of injection satisfies the mean depth that step 1 designs.
Embodiment 14:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 only is step 5, and the step 5 of the present embodiment is specially:
Step 5: harvesting cattail:
Plant and begin to gather in cattail after 210 days, harvested position is the soil surface 25cm place at the bottom of 7 pools, the wetland pool.Behind the cattail, constantly supply with the saltings water-break in the wetland pool 7 for the first time, average depth is 0.4m in the maintenance wetland pool, and every harvesting in 340～370 days once.
Embodiment 15:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 only is that the plantation of step 4 and step 5 and the plant of harvesting are reed.
Embodiment 16:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 3 only is that the plantation of step 4 and step 5 and the plant of harvesting are reed.
Embodiment 17:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 5 only is that the plantation of step 4 and step 5 and the plant of harvesting are reed.
Embodiment 18:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 7 only is that the plantation of step 4 and step 5 and the plant of harvesting are reed.
Embodiment 19:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 9 only is that the plantation of step 4 and step 5 and the plant of harvesting are reed.
Embodiment 20:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 12 only is that the plantation of step 4 and step 5 and the plant of harvesting are reed.
Embodiment 21:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 13 only is that the plantation of step 4 and step 5 and the plant of harvesting are reed.
Embodiment 22:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 14 only is that the plantation of step 4 and step 5 and the plant of harvesting are reed.
Claims (7)
1. the removal methods of salinity in the saltings water-break is characterized in that: specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, construct tributary drainage ditch and trunk drainage ditch, the saltings be connected with the remittance mouth on the wetland pool with trunk drainage ditch through tributary drainage ditch:
(1) construct tributary drainage ditch: the upper surface furrow width of tributary drainage ditch is 30～50cm, and the degree of depth is 30～50cm; Length is no more than 800m, and spacing is no more than 200m, and the tributary drainage ditch number of constructing satisfies per 300～500m
2A tributary drainage ditch is constructed in the saltings;
(2) construct trunk drainage ditch: the upper surface width of the channel of trunk drainage ditch is 1/1000 * L～1/100 * L, and L is wetland pool width; The slope coefficient 1～1.25 of trunk drainage ditch, control trunk drainage ditch in average depth be in the wetland pool average depth 1/2～2/3, the trunk drainage ditch superelevation is 0.3～0.5m;
Step 2: construct trash rack and the platform of removing contamination:
(1) constructs trash rack: import in mouthful trunk drainage ditch at 10～20m place on the distance wetland pool and arrange the first trash rack, arrange the second trash rack at distance first trash rack 3～20m place away from the direction that imports mouth;
(2) construct the platform of removing contamination:
Build the platform of removing contamination on the top of first trash rack and second trash rack and trunk drainage ditch respectively, the berm width of removing contamination is all more than or equal to 0.7m;
Step 3, construct the wetland pool:
The described wetland pool is provided with at width and imports mouthful, and the average depth that the wetland pool holds water is 0.4～0.8m, and water surface superelevation is 0.6～0.8m, and deep water is deeply less than or equal to 1.5m;
Step 4: plantation wetland plant:
(1) water filling in the wetland pool makes that average depth is 0～2cm in the wetland pool, when season, temperature on average was 15～25 ℃, begins to plant wetland plant, and planting density is 8～15 strains/m
2
When (2) wetland plant grows into the center line average of 15～25cm, continue water filling in the wetland pool, average depth satisfies water surface distance cattail or reed top 10～20cm in the wetland pool;
(3) 50～90 days after-applied fertilizers of plantation, rate of fertilizer application is 100～200kg/ mu;
(4) average depth of the water that holds according to the wetland pool of designing in the step 3 after 100～180 days of plantation begins to inject water-break, and water-break is flowed out by tributary drainage ditch from the saltings and flowed into trunk drainage ditch, flows in the wetland pool through trunk drainage ditch again;
Step 5: harvesting wetland plant:
Plant and begin to gather in wetland plant after 180～240 days, and after gather in wetland plant for the first time, keep that the depth of water satisfies the average depth that designs in the step 3 in the wetland pool, every wetland plant of harvesting in 330～380 days.
2. the removal methods of salinity in a kind of saltings water-break according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be flat at the bottom of the pool on the described wetland pool, be the slope from importing a mouthful end to importing a mouthful relative the other end at the bottom of the pool, ramp slope is 0～1.5%, and the slope coefficient on the wetland pool is 1:2～1:3.
3. the removal methods of salinity in a kind of saltings water-break according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mounting inclination angle degree of described first trash rack and second trash rack is 60 °～75 °, vergence direction is towards a remittance mouthful direction, and the top of first trash rack and second trash rack all is higher than the trunk drainage ditch water surface 0.1～0.2m.
4. the removal methods of salinity in a kind of saltings water-break according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described first trash rack and second trash rack are comprised of some trash rack grizzly bars, the section form of each trash rack grizzly bar is square, the length of side is 10～15mm, and the trash rack interval of grid strip is 15～20mm.
5. the removal methods of salinity in a kind of saltings water-break according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described saltings saltiness is less than or equal to 0.3% the time, the wetland pool area ratio of saltings and structure is 12:1～19:1, the saltings saltiness is between 0.3% and 0.5% the time, the wetland pool area ratio of saltings and structure is 10:1～13:1, the saltings saltiness is more than or equal to 0.5% the time, and the wetland pool area ratio of saltings and structure is 9:1～13:1.
6. the removal methods of salinity in a kind of saltings water-break according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described trunk drainage ditch canal cross section pattern adopts trapezoidal, and PP fiber concrete slab revetment is adopted on the side slope that meets water, and the channel bottom is low liquid limit clay.
7. the removal methods of salinity in the described a kind of saltings water-break of any one according to claim 1～6, it is characterized in that: described wetland plant is cattail or reed.
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| CN2011101643993A CN102295348B (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2011-06-17 | Removing method of salt in recession of saline and alkaline land |
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| CN201010595459 | 2010-12-20 | ||
| CN201010595459.2 | 2010-12-20 | ||
| CN2011101643993A CN102295348B (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2011-06-17 | Removing method of salt in recession of saline and alkaline land |
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| CN102295348B true CN102295348B (en) | 2013-02-27 |
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| CN102845156B (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2014-07-30 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Comprehensive restoration method for salt-alkali degraded marsh wetland in plain area |
| CN106045154A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-10-26 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Process for treating wastewater generated after saline-alkali soil improvement |
| CN106358481B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2019-03-19 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of saline-alkali soil treatment method |
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| US5174897A (en) * | 1991-09-24 | 1992-12-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Constructed wetlands to control nonpoint source pollution |
| CN101161944B (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2010-04-07 | 天津市环境保护科学研究院 | Construction technique for beach saline land landscape water aquatic plant system |
| CN101734796A (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2010-06-16 | 杨磊 | Artificial wetland for treating saline sewage |
| CN101836527B (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2012-05-09 | 启东建筑集团山水园林建设有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil landscaping water and soil improvement facility |
| CN102057774A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2011-05-18 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 | Draining and salt-removing method for newly-ploughed salinized farmland |
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