CN102271596A - 手术器械、手术器械手柄和手术器械系统 - Google Patents
手术器械、手术器械手柄和手术器械系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
描述了一种手术器械(4)、一种用于手术器械的手柄(2)和一种手术器械系统。手术器械和手柄包括互补特征，以确保所述器械和手柄之间的牢固连接。在一个实施方式中，所述器械包括外部轴(12)、内部轴(14)和操作部。外部轴包括相反的平坦表面(16)，以允许手柄接合在平坦表面上。内部轴在其近端包括锁定表面(26)，用于接合手柄中的锁闭机构。在其它实施方式中，径向孔(18)设在所述器械的外部轴中。其可被手柄中的细长件接合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及适用于微创手术的手术器械。本发明还涉及用于手术器械的手柄和包括手术器械和手柄的系统。
背景技术
微创手术技术是已知的。在这种技术中，医师典型地制作出小切口，专用器械经所述切口插入并被医师操纵。许多用于微创手术的器械被提出。一种器械包括细长轴，其具有布置在一端的操作部和布置在另一端的手柄。手柄包括两个部分，它们能够相对于彼此移动并且被直接或间接附接至操作部。例如，操作部可以是手术剪，并且手柄的所述两个部分的相对运动可以是打开和闭合剪。
还有一些器械被提出，其中轴和操作部被可释放地附接于手柄。这允许将相同手柄用于不同的操作部。还允许将轴和操作部制作成一次性的，或能与手柄分开消毒。
用于微创手术器械的可释放附接系统必须满足两个主要准则。首先，手柄和所述器械之间的连接必须确保手术器械从手柄意外释放的危险最小化。其次，连接必须确保手柄绕细长轴轴线的任何旋转运动被传递至手术器械。
其中将轴和操作部可释放地附接至手柄的手术器械的一个例子公开于US 5,630,832。一对相互铰接的抓持柄杆设置在手柄上。一个柄杆上紧固着管，一杆状致动器被装配成在该管中纵向移动并且铰接在另一柄杆上。所述一个柄杆和管之间的可释放连接通过球形的锁定件提供，该锁定件可径向移动并且与管上的凹坑接合。致动器和另一柄杆之间的可释放连接由手柄中的回转杠杆与盲孔提供，所述盲孔与致动器的球形端部接合。
US 5,630,832中将球形的锁定件用作紧固管的主要构件产生了一些缺点。单一的球形锁定件提供的手柄和管之间的锁定相对较差，因此可能需要三个或更多个球形锁定件，这就增加了复杂性。管必须具有与所加工的球形件的形状对应的弯曲凹坑，这增加了制造的复杂性。
希望为手术器械的可释放附接系统提供一种相对简单、同时又牢固的附接机构。
发明内容
为此，本发明提供了一种手术器械，其外部轴具有彼此大致平行的一对相反的平坦表面。所述平坦表面可被手柄中的锁定件接合，以将手柄可释放地连接至手术器械的轴。
作为替代或附加，本发明提供了一种手术器械，其外部轴具有径向孔。径向孔可被手柄中的可移动细长件接合，以将手柄可释放地连接至所述器械的轴。
如果需要，可组合使用平坦表面和径向孔。所有这些系统都能以简单的方式制造并且提供牢固锁定
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种适用于微创手术的手术器械，所述器械包括：
外部轴，其具有近端、远端、纵向轴线和从近端延伸至远端的通孔；
内部轴，其具有近端和远端，布置在所述通孔中并且超出外部轴的近端向近侧延伸；和
操作部，其包括附接于外部轴远端的第一部分和附接于内部轴远端的第二部分；其中
接近于外部轴近端的外部轴部分的外表面包括彼此大致平行的两个相反的平坦表面；并且
其中，内部轴近端包括末端部，所述末端部在垂直于纵向轴线的方向上的最大外部尺寸大于内部轴的邻接部分的最大外部尺寸，并且，在末端部和邻接部分之间具有大致垂直于纵向轴线延伸的锁定表面。
所述锁定表面可被用于手术器械的手柄中的锁闭件接合。所述末端部可以被弯曲，以使得越接近于近端，末端部的垂直于纵向轴线的外部尺寸越小。更优选地，末端部至少部分地是球形的。在末端部上提供弯曲表面使得当手术器械被插入手柄时手柄中的锁闭件能够被流畅地接合。
在整个申请文件中，提到“近”端时是指手术器械最靠近所述器械的使用者的那个端部。在整个申请文件中，提到“远”端时是指手术器械最远离所述器械的使用者的那个端部。
操作部可以是任何手术器械，其中要求利用两个部件之间的相对运动来操作所述器械。操作部的第一和第二部分可以直接或间接附接于外部轴和内部轴。操作部的例子包括钳或剪等等。外部轴可以是管。外部轴的相反的平坦表面使得外部轴能够被紧固在手柄中，以抵抗绕纵向轴线的旋转。平坦表面可在制造过程中容易地形成。
在一个实施方式中，外部轴可以沿垂直于所述两个相反的平坦表面的方向具有最大外部尺寸，并且，该最大外部尺寸大于所述两个相反的平坦表面之间的距离。这意味着，所述两个平坦表面之间的距离比外部轴的一部分窄，从而通过接合所述两个平坦表面外部轴，还能实现紧固以防止沿着纵向轴线移离手柄。
外部轴可以是大致圆柱形的，并且在这种情况下所述两个相反的平坦表面之间的距离可以小于外部轴的外径。
在一些实施方式中，外部轴还包括径向孔，其沿大致垂直于纵向轴线的方向延伸穿过外部轴。该孔可被用于所述器械的手柄中的可移动细长件接合，以提供额外的紧固措施来紧固轴，以防止其相对于手柄旋转和从手柄意外移除。
内部轴可以包括邻近于径向孔的径向高度减小的区段。径向高度减小的区段可以具有大致平面表面。通过提供这种径向高度减小的部分，细长件可以完全延伸穿过径向孔，从而细长件的一端安置在外部轴和径向高度减小的区段之间的空间中。细长件可防止内部轴相对于外部轴绕纵向轴线旋转。当手术器械是重复使用的时，这一点特别有益。在各次使用之间经常会至少部分地拆开重复使用的手术器械，以便清洗和消毒。在一些实施方式中，手术器械可以这样拆开，即相对于外部轴旋转内部轴以将螺纹连接或卡扣连接脱开。如果能够防止这种旋转动作，则能够防止所述器械在使用期间意外拆开。
径向孔可以安置在所述两个相反的平坦表面之间。径向孔的方向可以大致平行于所述两个相反的平坦表面，在这种情况下，径向孔优选地安置在所述两个相反的平坦表面中间。
根据本发明又一方面，提供了一种用于微创手术器械的手柄，所述手柄包括：
第一手柄部分，其包括具有纵向轴线的大致圆柱形孔，用于接纳手术器械；
第二手柄部分，其附接于第一手柄部分，用于相对于第一手柄部分枢转运动；和
其中，第一手柄部分还包括延伸穿过大致圆柱形孔的锁定件，其能够沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向在第一和第二位置之间移动，其中，锁定件限定出开口，所述开口具有第一部位和相接的第二部位，所述第一部位的尺寸等于或大于大致圆柱形孔的直径，所述第二部位的至少一个尺寸小于大致圆柱形孔的直径，其中，在第一位置，所述第一部位与大致圆柱形孔对正，而在第二位置，所述第二部位与大致圆柱形孔对正；第一手柄部分还包括位于大致圆柱形孔的端部的锁闭机构。
这种手柄可与在其外部轴上具有两个相反的平坦表面的手术器械一起使用。在第二位置，锁定件的第二部位接合所述两个相反的平坦表面。由于锁定件必须被移动才能锁合，因此使用者仅需看一眼就能得知手术器械是否已被锁定就位于手柄中。
锁闭机构可以接合形成在手术器械的内部轴的端部的锁定表面，以将内部轴紧固至手柄。
锁闭机构可以包括可在第一和第二位置之间移动的锁闭件，并且，锁闭件通过弹性构件被推压在第一位置，以使得锁闭件运动到第二位置需要抵抗弹性构件施加的力。弹性构件优选为弹簧，但也可以采用其它弹性材料，例如弹性体材料。第二位置优选是这样的位置，其中锁闭件将插入的手术器械保持在手柄中。通过这种方式，弹性构件提供的力起作用而将手术器械保持在手柄中。
锁闭件可以包括相对于纵向轴线成角度的表面。其可以与手术器械内部轴端部的弯曲表面相互作用，从而当手术器械被插入时，锁闭件被抵抗着弹性构件的力流畅地向下推压。
锁闭机构可以还包括用于将锁闭件移入第二位置的释放杆。这使得使用者能够在需要时释放锁闭。
在一个实施方式中，锁定件可以还包括细长件，其沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向部分地延伸到开口的第二部位中。这使得手柄能够接合手术器械的外部轴中的径向孔以及所述两个相反的平坦表面，以实现更牢固的附接。
在本发明的又一方面，上面描述的各方面中的手术器械和手柄可以组合而提供出手术器械系统。
根据本发明另一方面，提供了一种适用于微创手术的手术器械系统，其中，所述系统包括：
手术器械，其包括：
外部轴，其具有近端、远端、纵向轴线和从近端延伸至远端的通孔；
内部轴，其具有近端和远端，布置在所述通孔中并且超出外部轴近端向近侧延伸；和
操作部，其包括附接于外部轴远端的第一部分和附接于内部轴远端的第二部分；其中，
接近于外部轴近端的外部轴部分的外表面包括彼此大致平行的两个相反的平坦表面；以及
手柄，其包括：
第一手柄部分，其包括大致圆柱形孔，用于接纳外部轴和内部轴的一部分；
第二手柄部分，其附接于第一手柄部分，用于相对于第一手柄部分枢转运动；并且，
第一手柄部分还包括延伸穿过大致圆柱形孔的锁定件，其能够沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向在第一和第二位置之间移动，其中，锁定件限定出开口，所述开口具有第一部位和相接的第二部位，所述第一部位的尺寸等于或大于大致圆柱形孔的直径，所述第二部位的尺寸对应于所述两个相反的平坦表面之间的距离，其中，在第一位置，所述第一部位与大致圆柱形孔对正，而在第二位置，所述第二部位与大致圆柱形孔对正，以使得当手术器械的近端被插入大致圆柱形孔中并且锁定件被移动到第二位置时，所述两个相反的平坦表面被所述第二部位接合；
其中，手术器械的内部轴的近端可以包括末端部，其在垂直于纵向轴线的方向上的最大外部尺寸大于内部轴的邻接部分的最大外部尺寸，其中，在末端部和邻接部分之间具有大致垂直于纵向轴线延伸的锁定表面；并且，所述第一手柄部分还包括位于大致圆柱形孔的端部的锁闭机构，用于接合所述锁定表面。
手术器械的外部轴可以还包括径向孔，其沿大致垂直于纵向轴线的方向延伸穿过外部轴，并且，手柄的锁定件还包括细长件，其沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向部分地延伸到开口的第二部位中，以使得当手术器械的近端被插入大致圆柱形孔中并且锁定件被移动到第二位置时，细长件接合径向孔。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种适用于微创手术的手术器械，所述器械包括：
外部轴，其具有近端、远端、纵向轴线和从近端延伸至远端的通孔；
内部轴，其具有近端和远端，布置在所述通孔中并且从外部轴近端向近侧延伸；和
操作部，其包括附接于外部轴远端的第一部分和附接于内部轴远端的第二部分；其中，
所述外部轴还包括沿大致垂直于纵向轴线的方向延伸穿过外部轴并且接近于外部轴近端安置的径向孔。
径向孔可被手柄中的可移动细长件接合，以将轴紧固而防止相对于手柄旋转和从手柄意外移除。
内部轴可以包括邻近于径向孔的径向高度减小的区段，其可以具有大致平面表面。这使得手柄中的细长件能够防止内部轴和外部轴之间沿着它们的纵向轴线相对旋转，以防止重复使用的器械的意外松脱。
根据本发明的又一方面，提供了一种用于微创手术器械的手柄，所述手柄包括：
第一手柄部分，其包括具有纵向轴线的大致圆柱形孔，用于接纳手术器械；
第二手柄部分，其附接于所述第一手柄部分，用于相对于第一手柄部分枢转运动；并且，
第一手柄部分，还包括锁定件，其能够沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向在第一和第二位置之间移动，并且，锁定件包括细长件，其沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向延伸，以使得在第一位置，细长件的端部与纵向轴线之间的距离大于大致圆柱形孔的直径，而在第二位置，细长件的端部与纵向轴线之间的距离小于大致圆柱形孔的直径。
该细长件能够接合形成于手术器械的外部轴中的径向孔，以将手术器械紧固至手柄。细长件与纵向轴线之间的距离可以被选择为使得，在第一位置，该距离大于手术器械的外部轴的直径，从而对插入动作没有阻碍。在第二位置，该距离可以被选择为使得细长件接合形成于插入的手术器械中的径向孔。
锁定件可以延伸穿过大致圆柱形孔，并且限定出与大致圆柱形孔对正的开口，其中细长件部分地延伸到该开口中。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种适用于微创手术的手术器械系统，其中，所述系统包括：
手术器械，其包括：
外部轴，其具有近端、远端、纵向轴线和从近端延伸至远端的通孔；
内部轴，其具有近端和远端，布置在所述通孔中，并且从外部轴近端向近侧延伸；和
操作部，其包括附接于外部轴远端的第一部分和附接于内部轴远端的第二部分；其中，
外部轴还包括沿大致垂直于纵向轴线的方向延伸穿过外部轴并且接近于外部轴近端安置的径向孔；以及
手柄，其包括：
第一手柄部分，其包括具有纵向轴线的大致圆柱形孔，用于接纳手术器械；
第二手柄部分，其附接于第一手柄部分，用于相对于第一手柄部分枢转运动；并且，
第一手柄部分还包括锁定件，其能够沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向在第一和第二位置之间移动，并且，锁定件包括细长件，其沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向延伸，以使得在第一位置，细长件的端部与纵向轴线之间的距离大于大致圆柱形孔的直径，而在第二位置，细长件的端部与纵向轴线之间的距离小于大致圆柱形孔的直径，从而使得，当手术器械的近端被插入大致圆柱形孔中并且锁定件被移动到第二位置时，细长件接合径向孔。
附图说明
下面将参照附图描述本发明实施方式，其中：
图1示出了本发明第一实施方式的透视图。图2和3示出了将手柄锁定到图1的实施方式中的手术器械的外部轴时的情形的剖视图；
图4-6示出了将手柄锁闭到图1的实施方式中的手术器械的内部轴上的各个阶段；
图7和8示出了将手柄锁定到本发明第二实施方式的外部轴上时的情形的剖视图；以及
图9和10示出了将手柄锁定到本发明第三实施方式的外部轴上时的情形的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明第一实施方式的手术器械系统的透视图。该手术器械系统包括手柄2和可被插入到手柄2中的手术器械4。手术器械系统被构造成适用于微创手术。为此，手术器械包括操作部6，其在本例中为手术剪。剪6包括两个主要部分8、10，它们可在打开位置和闭合位置之间相对于彼此枢转。剪子6的第一部分8附接于外部轴12的远端，外部轴优选采用具有纵向轴线的管的形式，从而孔沿着外部轴12的长度从近端延伸至远端。内部轴14布置在外部轴12的孔中。外部轴12的远端附接于剪子6的第二部分10。
外部轴12具有接近于其近端的彼此相反形成的两个平行的平坦表面16。径向孔18形成在所述两个平坦表面中间，并且垂直于外部轴12的纵向轴线。在外部轴12的近端形成有凹槽19。
内部轴14超出外部轴12的近端延伸。在这个实施方式中，内部轴14沿着其长度具有大致圆形横截面。在内部轴14的近端，该圆形横截面被修改。内部轴的一部分20位于径向孔18下面并且向每侧延伸一定的距离，例如每侧10至20mm，该部分被平坦化，从而内部轴14在径向孔18下面的部分的径向高度降低(该部分20在图1中不可见，但在图4的剖视图中可见)。内部轴14的近端终止于半球形的端部22。与半球形的端部22相接地形成了直径缩减的部分24。从半球形的端部22向部分24过渡的具有缩减直径的部分优选为“台阶”式变化，从而形成锁闭表面26，其大致垂直于纵向轴线。
手柄2包括第一手柄部分28和第二手柄部分30，它们通过旋转关节32(未示出，参看图4中的剖视图)连接以便相对于彼此作枢转运动。第一和第二手柄部分28、30在它们的下部各自包括开口34、36，用于接纳使用者的任何手指。优选地，第一手柄部分28中的开口34用于接纳使用者的拇指，第二手柄部分30中的开口36用于接纳使用者的一或多个其它手指。
手柄2还包括位于第一手柄部分28中的锁定件38和锁闭释放件40。大致圆柱形孔39形成在第一手柄部分28的远端，用于接纳手术器械4。
下面将参照图2中的剖视图更详细地描述锁定件38的构造。锁定件38容纳在第一手柄部分28中的相应开口中，从而其能够沿垂直于大致圆柱形孔39的轴线的方向在第一位置(示于图2)和第二位置(示于图3)之间移动。锁定件具有穿通其形成的开口，其与大致圆柱形孔39对正，并且包括第一部位42和第二部位44。第一部位42具有大致圆形横截面，其直径等于或大于大致圆柱形孔39。第二部位44具有比第一部位42窄的横截面并且包括两个平行的平坦表面，这两个平坦表面定位在比外部轴12上的平坦表面16分开得略微更多的距离处。
还在锁定件38中设有细长件46，其被固定成不能相对于锁定件38移动。细长件优选采用圆柱体的形式，且其一端部分地延伸到开口44的第二部位中。
细长件的外表面包括两个凹槽48、50。第一手柄部分包括凹陷部，用于接纳球形件，优选为球支撑体52。球支撑体52被弹性推压构件(未示出)推入凹槽48、50之一中，该弹性推压构件优选为弹簧。第一凹槽50被定位成使得，当其被球支撑体52接合时，锁定件38位于第一位置。第二凹槽48被定位成使得，当其被球支撑体52接合时，锁定件38位于第二位置。利用球支撑体52可向使用者提供在第一和第二位置之间运动的明确反馈，并且还用于限制锁定件从一个位置向另一位置的意外运动。
图4至6示出了手柄2沿着大致圆柱形孔39的纵向轴线所作的剖视图。
第一手柄部分和第二手柄部分30之间的旋转连接件32可在图4中更详细地看到。联结件54设置在第二手柄件30和锁闭壳体56之间，该锁闭壳体容纳着锁闭机构，用以接合内部轴12的半球形的端部22。利用联结件54使得第一和第二手柄部分28、30之间的相对旋转运动能够被转化为锁闭壳体56的直线运动。
锁闭壳体56容纳着锁闭释放件40，其被连接到锁闭件58。锁闭件58被弹性构件推压到示于图4的位置，并且可以抵抗着弹性构件的力在锁闭壳体56中向下移动，该弹性构件优选为弹簧(未示出)。锁闭件58的上表面是弯曲的。
手柄由医用工程塑料制成。适宜的塑料的例子包括聚亚苯基砜(PPSU)，例如可商业购自Solvay Advanced Polymers LLC的商品名为Radel R的材料，和聚醚醚酮(PEEK)。手术器械由医用等级合金制成，例如铝合金和钢合金，被覆盖由热缩性树脂制成的绝缘护套。
在使用中，使用者首先基于被执行的过程选择适宜的手术器械4。然后将手术器械4插入手柄2中，从而内部轴和外部轴12、14进入手柄2中的大致圆柱形孔39。随着外部轴进入大致圆柱形孔39，凹槽19接合突起(未示出)。突起在圆柱形孔39中延伸的距离足以接合外部轴12但不接合内部轴14。凹槽19的角形特点导致它们与突起相互作用，以将所述器械正确对正，从而平坦表面26和孔18与锁定件38中的开口的第二部位正确对正。
随着手术器械4被进一步插入，半球形的端部22接合锁闭件58的弯曲表面，以将锁闭件向下推压至示于图5的位置。随着使用者继续插入手术器械4，半球形的端部22移动超过锁闭件58，该锁闭件在弹性构件的力的作用下向上移动。半球形的端部22现在通过锁闭件58抵靠着锁定表面26的作用而被约束在手柄2中。
为了锁定手术器械4以防止其相对于手柄旋转，锁定件38被移动到第二位置，从而平坦表面16被开口的第二部位44接合。此外，细长件46接合孔18，优选地，完全延伸穿过孔18而进入平坦部分20提供的空间中。
手术器械4现在通过两个机构被锁定就位于手柄中，这两个机构有效地将外部轴12连接至第一手柄部分28和将内部轴14连接至第二手柄部分30(经过锁闭壳体56和联结件54)。如果第一和第二手柄部分28、30相对于彼此旋转，则相对运动被联结件54传递至锁闭壳体56，锁闭壳体在第一手柄部分28中移动，因此而将内部轴14相对于外部轴12移动，以致动手术器械4的操作部，在本例中为剪子。
为了将手术器械4从手柄2拆下，锁定件被移动到第一位置，以释放外部轴12和第一手柄部分28之间的连接。接下来，锁闭释放件40被按压，以将锁闭件58向下移动，从而其不再接合锁定表面26。手术器械4现在就能被拆下了。
一种替代性方法(未图示)也可被用于将所述器械插入手柄中。在这种替代性方法中，使用者将手柄保持在闭合位置，从而第一和第二手柄部分28、30彼此靠近。这使得锁闭壳体56朝向手柄后部移动。
接下来，手术器械4被插入手柄2，从而内部轴和外部轴12、14进入手柄2中的大致圆柱形孔39。随着外部轴进入大致圆柱形孔39，凹槽19接合突起(未示出)。突起在圆柱形孔39中延伸的距离足以接合外部轴12但不接合内部轴14。凹槽19的角形特点导致它们与突起相互作用，以将所述器械正确对正，从而平坦表面26和孔18与锁定件38中的开口的第二部位正确对正。突起的位置设置成使得，当外部轴被正确定位在手柄中时，这些突起碰撞到凹槽19的端部。使用者继续插入手术器械4，直至这种碰撞发生。
为了锁定手术器械4以防止其相对于手柄旋转，锁定件38随后被移动到第二位置，从而平坦表面16被开口的第二部位44接合。此外，细长件46接合孔18，完全延伸穿过孔18而进入平坦部分20提供的空间中。外部轴现在被紧固在手柄中，但由于第一和第二手柄部分28、30被保持闭合，因此内部轴未被锁闭接合。为了接合，内部轴手柄被打开。为了有助于此，第一和第二手柄部分28、30可以被弹性件例如弹簧推至打开位置。使用者然后可以简单地释放手柄以接合内部轴。
上面描述的实施方式提供了以两种方式将紧固锁定至外部轴，即锁定件的第二部位44与平坦表面16接合且细长件46与孔18接合。已发现，即使只有上述接合之一被采用，紧固锁定仍可实现。
在一种替代性实施方式中，锁定件38中不包含细长件46，并且不需要在外部轴中提供径向孔18。本实施方式的其它方面与第一实施方式中的相同。本实施方式中与外部轴的接合示于图7和8。可以看到，锁定件60包括第一部位42和第二部位44，如第一实施方式那样。通过第二部位44与外部轴上的平坦表面16接合，外部轴被牢固地保持就位，如可见于图8。
本实施方式也可以与第一实施方式中描述的完全相同的手术器械一起使用。尽管径向孔18也可被提供，但它对第二部位44与外部轴上的平坦表面接合没有任何作用。
在另一替代性实施方式中，其除了下面描述的之外，都与第一实施方式相同：锁定件62包括单一的开口64，其略微大于手术器械的外部轴的直径。本实施方式中与外部轴的接合示于图9和10。锁定件62包括细长件66，其沿垂直于大致圆柱形孔纵向轴线的方向部分地延伸到开口64中。在手术器械中，外部轴不包括平坦表面16，如图9和10中的圆形横截面所示。然而，径向孔18仍被提供。
参照图9和10可以最佳地理解，细长件66延伸足够的距离到开口64中，从而当锁定件62被移动到第二位置时，细长件延伸到孔18中。当锁定件62位于第一位置时，细长件不延伸到开口64中足够远，因而不会阻碍手术器械向第一手柄部分的圆柱形孔中插入或拆下。通过细长件66与外部轴中的孔18接合，将外部轴紧固就位在第一手柄部分中。
因此，根据本发明，提供了一种手术器械系统，其制造简单，并且能够提供手术器械向手柄的牢固且可靠的可释放附接。
Claims (20)
1.一种适用于微创手术的手术器械，所述器械包括：
外部轴，其具有近端、远端、纵向轴线和从近端延伸至远端的通孔；
内部轴，其具有近端和远端，布置在所述通孔中并且超出外部轴的近端向近侧延伸；和
操作部，其包括附接于外部轴远端的第一部分和附接于内部轴远端的第二部分；
其中，接近于外部轴近端的外部轴部分的外表面包括彼此大致平行的两个相反的平坦表面；并且
其中，内部轴近端包括末端部，所述末端部在垂直于纵向轴线的方向上的最大外部尺寸大于内部轴的邻接部分的最大外部尺寸，并且，在末端部和邻接部分之间具有大致垂直于纵向轴线延伸的锁定表面。
2.根据权利要求1的手术器械，其中，所述末端部被弯曲，以使得沿朝向近端的方向，末端部的垂直于纵向轴线的外部尺寸减小。
3.根据权利要求2的手术器械，其中，所述末端部至少部分地是球形的。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项的手术器械，其中，所述外部轴还包括沿大致垂直于纵向轴线的方向延伸穿过外部轴的径向孔。
5.根据权利要求4的手术器械，其中，所述内部轴包括邻近于径向孔的具有减小的径向高度的区段。
6.根据权利要求4或5的手术器械，其中，所述径向孔设置在所述两个相反的平坦表面之间。
7.根据权利要求6的手术器械，其中，所述径向孔的方向大致平行于所述两个相反的平坦表面。
8.一种用于微创手术器械的手柄，所述手柄包括：
第一手柄部分，其包括具有纵向轴线的大致圆柱形孔，用于接纳手术器械；
第二手柄部分，其附接于第一手柄部分，用于相对于第一手柄部分枢转运动；和
其中，第一手柄部分还包括延伸穿过大致圆柱形孔的锁定件，其能够沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向在第一和第二位置之间移动，其中，锁定件限定出开口，所述开口具有第一部位和相接的第二部位，所述第一部位的尺寸等于或大于大致圆柱形孔的直径，所述第二部位的至少一个尺寸小于大致圆柱形孔的直径，其中，在第一位置，所述第一部位与大致圆柱形孔对正，而在第二位置，所述第二部位与大致圆柱形孔对正；并且
其中，第一手柄部分还包括位于大致圆柱形孔的端部的锁闭机构。
9.根据权利要求8的手柄，其中，所述锁闭机构包括能够在第一和第二位置之间移动的锁闭件，并且，在第一位置，所述锁闭件被弹性构件推压，以使得锁闭件向第二位置运动时要抵抗弹性构件施加的力。
10.根据权利要求9的手柄，其中，所述弹性构件是弹簧。
11.根据权利要求9或10的手柄，其中，所述锁闭件包括相对于纵向轴线成角度的表面。
12.根据权利要求9至11中任一项的手柄，其中，所述锁闭机构还包括用于将锁闭件移入第二位置的释放杆。
13.根据权利要求8至12中任一项的手柄，其中，所述锁定件还包括细长件，其沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向部分地延伸到所述开口的第二部位中。
14.一种适用于微创手术的手术器械系统，其中，所述系统包括：
手术器械，其包括：
外部轴，其具有近端、远端、纵向轴线和从近端延伸至远端的通孔；
内部轴，其具有近端和远端，布置在所述通孔中并且超出外部轴近端向近侧延伸；和
操作部，其包括附接于外部轴远端的第一部分和附接于内部轴远端的第二部分；其中，
接近于外部轴近端的外部轴部分的外表面包括彼此大致平行的两个相反的平坦表面；以及
手柄，其包括：
第一手柄部分，其包括大致圆柱形孔，用于接纳外部轴和内部轴的一部分；
第二手柄部分，其附接于第一手柄部分，用于相对于第一手柄部分枢转运动；并且，
第一手柄部分还包括延伸穿过大致圆柱形孔的锁定件，其能够沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向在第一和第二位置之间移动，其中，锁定件限定出开口，所述开口具有第一部位和相接的第二部位，所述第一部位的尺寸等于或大于大致圆柱形孔的直径，所述第二部位的尺寸对应于所述两个相反的平坦表面之间的距离，其中，在第一位置，所述第一部位与大致圆柱形孔对正，而在第二位置，所述第二部位与大致圆柱形孔对正，以使得当手术器械的近端被插入大致圆柱形孔中并且锁定件被移动到第二位置时，所述两个相反的平坦表面被所述第二部位接合；
其中，手术器械的内部轴的近端包括末端部，其在垂直于纵向轴线的方向上的最大外部尺寸大于内部轴的邻接部分的最大外部尺寸，其中，在末端部和邻接部分之间具有大致垂直于纵向轴线延伸的锁定表面；并且，所述第一手柄部分还包括位于大致圆柱形孔的端部的锁闭机构，用于接合所述锁定表面。
15.根据权利要求14的手术器械系统，其中，手术器械的外部轴还包括沿大致垂直于纵向轴线的方向延伸穿过外部轴的径向孔，并且，手柄的锁定件还包括细长件，其沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向部分地延伸到所述开口的第二部位中，以使得当手术器械的近端被插入大致圆柱形孔中并且锁定件被移动到第二位置时，细长件接合径向孔。
16.一种适用于微创手术的手术器械，所述器械包括：
外部轴，其具有近端、远端、纵向轴线和从近端延伸至远端的通孔；
内部轴，其具有近端和远端，布置在所述通孔中并且从外部轴近端向近侧延伸；和
操作部，其包括附接于外部轴远端的第一部分和附接于内部轴远端的第二部分；其中，
所述外部轴还包括沿大致垂直于纵向轴线的方向延伸穿过外部轴并且接近于外部轴近端安置的径向孔。
17.根据权利要求16的手术器械，其中，所述内部轴包括靠近径向孔的径向高度减小的区段。
18.一种用于微创手术器械的手柄，所述手柄包括：
第一手柄部分，其包括具有纵向轴线的大致圆柱形孔，用于接纳手术器械；
第二手柄部分，其附接于所述第一手柄部分，用于相对于第一手柄部分枢转运动；并且，
第一手柄部分，还包括锁定件，其能够沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向在第一和第二位置之间移动，并且，锁定件包括细长件，其沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向延伸，以使得在第一位置，细长件的端部与纵向轴线之间的距离大于大致圆柱形孔的直径，而在第二位置，细长件的端部与纵向轴线之间的距离小于大致圆柱形孔的直径。
19.根据权利要求18的手柄，其中，所述锁定件延伸穿过大致圆柱形孔并且限定出与大致圆柱形孔对正的开口，并且细长件部分地延伸到所述开口中。
20.一种适用于微创手术的手术器械系统，其中，所述系统包括：
手术器械，其包括：
外部轴，其具有近端、远端、纵向轴线和从近端延伸至远端的通孔；
内部轴，其具有近端和远端，布置在所述通孔中，并且从外部轴近端向近侧延伸；和
操作部，其包括附接于外部轴远端的第一部分和附接于内部轴远端的第二部分；其中，
外部轴还包括沿大致垂直于纵向轴线的方向延伸穿过外部轴并且接近于外部轴近端安置的径向孔；以及
手柄，其包括：
第一手柄部分，其包括具有纵向轴线的大致圆柱形孔，用于接纳手术器械；
第二手柄部分，其附接于第一手柄部分，用于相对于第一手柄部分枢转运动；并且，
第一手柄部分还包括锁定件，其能够沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向在第一和第二位置之间移动，并且，锁定件包括细长件，其沿垂直于纵向轴线的方向延伸，以使得在第一位置，细长件的端部与纵向轴线之间的距离大于大致圆柱形孔的直径，而在第二位置，细长件的端部与纵向轴线之间的距离小于大致圆柱形孔的直径，从而使得，当手术器械的近端被插入大致圆柱形孔中并且锁定件被移动到第二位置时，细长件接合径向孔。
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| GB0822225.9 | 2008-12-05 | ||
| GB0822225.9A GB2466180B (en) | 2008-12-05 | 2008-12-05 | Surgical instrument, handle for a surgical instrument and surgical instrument system |
| PCT/GB2009/051651 WO2010064050A1 (en) | 2008-12-05 | 2009-12-04 | Surgical instrument, handle for a surgical instrument and surgical instrument system |
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| CN110051427B (zh) * | 2019-05-15 | 2024-05-03 | 成都五义医疗科技有限公司 | 一种用于微创手术器械的静管组件和手术器械 |
| CN110051409B (zh) * | 2019-05-15 | 2024-05-03 | 成都五义医疗科技有限公司 | 一种头部组件和手术器械 |
| CN110037758B (zh) * | 2019-05-15 | 2024-05-03 | 成都五义医疗科技有限公司 | 一种安装基座和细长轴组件 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2384152A1 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
| BRPI0922758A2 (pt) | 2016-01-05 |
| US20110238044A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
| ZA201104012B (en) | 2012-02-29 |
| GB2466180B (en) | 2013-07-10 |
| CA2744381A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
| AU2009323837A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
| GB0822225D0 (en) | 2009-01-14 |
| WO2010064050A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
| GB2466180A (en) | 2010-06-16 |
| JP2012510841A (ja) | 2012-05-17 |
| HK1145279A1 (en) | 2011-04-15 |
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