CN102265762A - Method and structure for ventilating, supplying water and supplementing nutrition for greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for ventilating and supplying water and supplying nutrition for a greenhouse and a structure thereof comprise the following steps: a. ditching: digging a plurality of grooves on the ground after soil preparation in a greenhouse, and placing a liquid microbial preparation and an organic matrix into the grooves to form an organic matrix decomposing reactor; b. pipe laying: burying an infiltrating irrigation pipeline system in the organic matrix decomposed reactor and covering soil on the infiltrating irrigation pipeline system; c. planting: planting crops on soil; and d, supplement and regulation: ventilating, supplementing liquid or adjusting environmental factors through an infiltrating irrigation pipeline to meet the requirements of the organic matrix decomposing reactor on decomposing conversion and crop growth. The greenhouse constructed according to the steps has the advantage of making crops grow more easily.

Description

Method and structure of greenhouse ventilation water supply and nutrient supplement

technical field

The invention relates to a greenhouse ventilation, water supply and nutrient supplement method and its structure, which are especially suitable for the cultivation and production of fruit trees, vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines and vanilla in greenhouses in areas with poor soil and severe cold.

Background technique

For crops, the use of fertilizers to supplement soil nutrients to meet the needs of crop growth is a common way to increase crop production. Common chemical fertilizers are quick-acting short-term fertilizers, which have the advantages of easy use and rapid effect. When applied to the soil, they can only Provide fixed nutrients, for example, potassium chloride only provides chloride and potassium ions. However, long-term use of chemical fertilizers can easily cause an imbalance between the supply and demand of plant nutrients, and may also cause groundwater pollution and damage the environment and ecology.

Microbial fertilizers are slow-acting long-term fertilizers. In addition to reducing the application of a large amount of chemical fertilizers, they also have the advantages of reducing soil degradation and improving soil structure. Microbial fertilizer refers to a powdery or liquid preparation containing certain living microorganisms. When applied to crops and soil, in addition to improving the effect of crops absorbing nutrients, it can also supplement the number of beneficial microorganisms to maintain a good ecological environment for the soil. Fermentation The heat generated in the process also increases the cold tolerance of crops.

Taking northern China as an example, the severe and long winter often makes crops unable to meet the supply demand of the season. In the past, storage was mostly used as a way to supply vegetables in winter. However, in addition to the considerable transportation costs, the quality of vegetables is also easily affected by this method. In order to solve the problem of vegetables in winter, greenhouses for cultivating vegetables have been established in some areas, but they are still unable to overcome the strong influence of weather on vegetable growth. Therefore, plants such as vegetables, fruits and Chinese herbal medicines planted in areas with harsh environmental conditions are likely to affect their growth rate due to cold.

At present, the application of microorganisms to the technology of biological straw reactors in greenhouses involves digging trenches, laying organic substrates, sprinkling microbial strains, covering soil, watering, and punching holes in the soil of biological reactors as the main cultivation methods. However, this method has the disadvantages that the temperature in the greenhouse and the temperature increase on the soil surface are unstable, and the vent holes on the bioreactor are easily blocked, which makes it difficult to replenish air, moisture, liquid microbial preparations, nutrient solutions, and pest inhibitors. The aerobic fermentation of organic matter in the reactor is incomplete, which leads to poor soil warming effect, unstable carbon dioxide concentration and incomplete decomposition. To make the aerobic fermentation of the bioreactor more efficient, the type of microbial preparation and the suitable microbial growth environment can make the microorganisms fully active and multiply, and can also strengthen the fermentation and decomposition of the organic substrate, so that the soil temperature and carbon dioxide concentration can be improved. with nutrients added. Therefore, how to continuously replenish microorganisms, water, nutrients and improve ventilation to increase the efficiency of bioreactor decomposition of organic substrates has become an urgent need for improvement in the current application of microbial decomposition methods.

In view of the deficiencies derived from the traditional greenhouse bioreactor technology, the inventor expects to provide a method and structure for ventilation, water supply and nutritional supplementation in the greenhouse. Public use is the utility model motive person that the present invention intends to research and create.

Contents of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for effectively promoting the maturity of organic matter and fine-tuning soil and climate environment factors for greenhouse ventilation, water supply and nutritional supplementation.

The secondary purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving air temperature and soil temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, nutrients and plant immune stimulants in a greenhouse, a method for aeration, water supply and nutritional supplementation.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a greenhouse aeration, water supply and nutrient supplement structure that can constantly supplement liquid and aeration to regulate organic matrix decomposing reactor decomposing transformation, intertillage turning to help crops grow.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a structure that can increase the concentration of carbon dioxide to promote photosynthesis and stimulate the plant immune system with microbial metabolites, thereby reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers for greenhouse ventilation, water supply, and microbial and nutrient supplementation.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for aeration, water supply and nutrient supplementation in a greenhouse that combines a sensor-type microcomputer system and plant growth lamps to control the maturity of organic matter and fine-tune soil and climate factors through automatic sensing .

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes the following steps: a, ditching: digging multiple grooves on the ground after the greenhouse site preparation, putting liquid microbial preparations and organic substrates into the grooves to form organic substrate decomposing reactors; b, paving Tube: bury the infiltration irrigation pipeline in the above-mentioned organic matrix decomposing reactor, and cover it with soil; c, plant: plant the crops on the soil; and d, supplement and adjustment: ventilate and replenish liquid through the infiltration irrigation pipeline Or adjust environmental factors to meet the decomposing transformation of organic matrix decomposing reactors and different crop growth requirements. The greenhouse constructed according to the above steps has the advantage of making it easier for crops to grow.

According to the method for aeration, water supply and nutrient supplementation in the greenhouse described above, the organic substrate is any one of straw, straw, sawdust, bark, sludge, subsoil of rivers and lakes, kitchen waste, and poultry manure.

In the method for aeration, water supply and nutrient supplementation in the above-mentioned greenhouse, the liquid is any one of water, aqueous solution, liquid microbial preparation, liquid organic fertilizer, trace element aqueous solution, pest inhibitor or water-absorbing polymer aqueous solution.

The above-mentioned greenhouse ventilation, water supply and nutrient supplement structure, the water pump transmits water, aqueous solution, liquid microbial preparation, liquid organic fertilizer, trace element aqueous solution, pest inhibitor or water-absorbing polymer aqueous solution through the seepage irrigation pipeline system. any kind.

According to the method for ventilation, water supply and nutrient supplementation in the greenhouse described above, the thickness of the soil covered on the seepage irrigation piping system is preferably 10-30 cm.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the greenhouse ventilation, water supply and nutritional supplement structure of the present invention includes: a high-pressure air pump, a water pump and a seepage irrigation pipeline system. The seepage irrigation pipeline system is provided with a main pipe, and one end of the main pipe passes through the control valve It is connected with a high-pressure air pump and a water pump. The other end of the main pipe is combined with a flow meter to adjust the flow rate of the seepage irrigation pipeline. , the front end of the seepage irrigation pipe is connected with the main pipe by a joint, and a plug is combined at the end.

According to the above-mentioned greenhouse ventilation, water supply and nutrient supplement structure, the seepage irrigation pipe is any one of clay pipe, lime soil pipe, concrete pipe, metal pipe, plastic pipe and rubber pipe.

The method of ventilation, water supply and nutrient supplementation in the greenhouse as mentioned above can be further integrated with the sensor microcomputer system (meaning that the central control computer can communicate with temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide through a programmable logic controller (Programmable logic controllers, PLC) , Oxygen and pH sensors (sensor) to achieve real-time monitoring, alarm system and artificial intelligence real-time decision-making for automatic control) and plant growth lamp devices are connected to better control the maturity of organic substrates and fine-tune soil and climate environmental factors.

Compared with the prior art, the outstanding advantages of the present invention are:

1. The seepage irrigation pipeline system is buried in the organic matrix decomposing reactor. The seepage irrigation pipeline system diffuses the liquid or gas provided by the high-pressure air pump and water pump to ventilate, supply water and replenish nutrients, and help the organic matrix decompose reactor to decompose and transform. to meet the growing needs of crops.

2. During the fermentation process of the decomposing transformation, heat, carbon dioxide and metabolites that induce plant immune resistance will be produced, in addition to increasing the temperature in the greenhouse, the surface temperature, and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.

3. In addition, liquid microbial preparations, liquid organic fertilizers, trace element aqueous solutions, pest inhibitors or water-absorbing polymer aqueous solutions can be added to the nutrient solution to diffuse through the seepage irrigation pipeline system to the organic matrix decomposing reactor, so that the organic matrix Faster or more efficient decomposition conversion.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a block flow diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the action of the structure of the present invention.

Explanation of reference signs:

a-ditching; b-pipe laying; c-planting; d-replenishment and adjustment; 10-high pressure air pump; 20-water pump; 30-seepage irrigation pipeline system; 301-supervisor; ; 304-joint; 305-seepage irrigation pipe; 306-plug; 307-plug.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below with specific embodiment:

Please refer to Fig. 1, the method for aeration, water supply and nutritional supplementation in the greenhouse includes the following steps:

a. Ditching: After the greenhouse site preparation, multiple trenches are dug on the ground, and liquid microbial preparations and organic substrates are placed in the trenches to form organic matrix decomposition reactors;

b. Pipe laying: bury the seepage irrigation pipeline in the above-mentioned organic matrix decomposing reactor, and cover it with soil;

c. planting: planting crops on soil; and

d. Replenishment and adjustment: ventilate through the infiltration irrigation pipeline, supplement liquid or adjust environmental factors to meet the needs of organic matrix decomposing reactor decomposing transformation and crop growth.

The organic substrate includes, but is not limited to: straw, straw, sawdust, bark, sludge, subsoil of rivers and lakes, kitchen waste, poultry and livestock manure.

The structure of greenhouse ventilation, water supply and nutrient supplement constructed by using the above steps mainly includes: a high-pressure air pump 10, a water pump 20, and a seepage irrigation pipeline system 30. The seepage irrigation pipeline system 30 is provided with a main pipe 301, One end of the main pipe 301 is connected with the high-pressure air pump 10 and the water pump 20 through the Y-shaped control valve 302, the other end of the main pipe 301 is combined with a flow meter 303 for adjusting the pipeline flow, and the end of the main pipe 301 is combined with a plug 306. 301 is combined with at least one seepage irrigation pipe 305 between the flow meter 303 and the plug 306, the front end of the seepage irrigation pipe 305 is connected to the main pipe 301 by a joint 304, and the end of the seepage irrigation pipe 305 is combined with a plug 307, as shown in the figure 2, the seepage irrigation pipe 305 is any one of clay pipe, lime soil pipe, concrete pipe, metal pipe, plastic pipe or rubber pipe.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the main pipe 301 is connected with 10 seepage irrigation pipes 305, and the cultivation soil of the greenhouse is provided with a corresponding number of grooves, and the organic matrix is filled in each groove. The organic matrix of the present embodiment Straw is used to form an organic matrix decomposing reactor, and then each infiltration irrigation pipe 305 is placed in the straw layer of the organic matrix decomposing reactor in each trench, and the organic matrix decomposing reactor and the infiltration irrigation pipe 305 are covered by 10-30cm Then plant crops on the soil, and use the high-pressure air pump 10 to adjust the air flow in the soil layer. The water pump 20 is to provide liquid. The nutrient solution is water, aqueous solution, liquid microbial preparation, liquid organic fertilizer, trace amount Any of elemental aqueous solution, pest inhibitor or water-absorbing polymer aqueous solution. At the same time, the liquid microbial preparation is sprayed by the seepage irrigation pipeline system 30, and the stalk is fermented by microorganisms to produce nutrients to supply the soil to cultivate crops. Increase carbon dioxide production and promote photosynthesis. The decomposed organic substances can not only be used as plant nutrition, but also provide plant roots with plant immune stimulating substances, enhance the immunity of crops themselves, resist pathogen infection and reduce the use of pesticides.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the greenhouse straw decomposing and heating test is carried out with the structure of greenhouse ventilation, water supply and nutritional supplementation. In this embodiment, after the greenhouse is ventilated for two hours a day, the temperature of the greenhouse will increase from 1 to 10°C, preferably from 2 to 8°C, and more preferably from 3 to 5.8°C; After two hours of aeration every day, the soil temperature increases in the range of 1-6°C, preferably 1.7-2.4°C.

The method of ventilation, water supply and nutrient supplementation in the greenhouse as mentioned above can be further integrated with the sensor microcomputer system (meaning that the central control computer can communicate with temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide through a programmable logic controller (Programmable logic controllers, PLC) , Oxygen and pH sensors (sensor) to achieve real-time monitoring, alarm system and artificial intelligence real-time decision-making for automatic control) and plant growth lamp devices are connected to better control the maturity of organic matter and fine-tune soil and climate environmental factors.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Anyone with ordinary knowledge in the field, after referring to the technical description of the present invention disclosed above, does not deviate from the present invention. The rewriting and modification of the technical spirit of the invention, or all equivalent design changes made in accordance with the scope of the claims of the present invention shall be covered by the technology of this case.

Claims (9)

1. a greenhouse ventilation is fed water and the method that supplements the nutrients, and it is characterized in that, comprises the following step:

A, trench digging: dig in ground behind the whole ground, greenhouse and establish the multiple tracks groove, and organic substrate inserted form the organic substrate reactor that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the groove;

B, pipe laying: in becoming thoroughly decomposed reactor, above-mentioned organic substrate buries the infiltrating irrigation pipeline underground, and mulching soil thereon;

C, plantation: crops are planted on soil; And

D, replenish and regulate: see through the ventilation of infiltrating irrigation pipeline, liquid make-up or regulate envirment factor and become thoroughly decomposed and transform and the crop growth demand to meet the organic substrate reactor that becomes thoroughly decomposed.

2. greenhouse according to claim 1 ventilation feedwater and the method that supplements the nutrients is characterized in that, this organic substrate is that stalk, straw, wood chip, bark, mud, lake, rivers and creeks subsoil, kitchen are surplus, in the fowl and animal excrement any.

3. greenhouse according to claim 1 ventilation feedwater and the method that supplements the nutrients, it is characterized in that, this liquid be in water, the aqueous solution, liquid microbial preparation, liquid fertilizer, trace element water-soluble liquid, insect inhibitor, the suction macromolecule aqueous solution any.

4. greenhouse according to claim 1 ventilation feedwater and the method that supplements the nutrients is characterized in that, this envirment factor be oxygen concentration, gas concentration lwevel, soil temperature, pH-value, greenhouse temperature wherein any.

5. greenhouse according to claim 1 ventilation feedwater and the method that supplements the nutrients is characterized in that this soil temperature adjustable range is to be 1～6 ℃, and greenhouse temperature adjustable range is to be 1～10 ℃.

6. greenhouse according to claim 1 ventilation feedwater and the method that supplements the nutrients is characterized in that irritating the soil that is covered on the pipeline in this pipe laying step is 10～30cm.

7. greenhouse according to claim 1 ventilation feedwater and the method that supplements the nutrients, it is characterized in that, replenishing and regulating of d step further links to each other with sensor microcomputer system and plant growth lamp device, to control organic substance become thoroughly decomposed degree, fine adjustment soil and the climatic environment factor.

8. a greenhouse ventilation is fed water and the structure that supplements the nutrients, it is characterized in that, comprise: a high-pressure pump, a water pump and an infiltrating irrigation pipe-line system, this infiltrating irrigation pipe-line system is provided with a person in charge, this is responsible for, and an end sees through control valve and high-pressure pump, water pump link, this is responsible for the flowmeter of holding in addition in conjunction with an adjusting piping flow, be responsible for terminal simultaneously in conjunction with a plug, again, this is responsible between flowmeter and plug is to have at least one infiltrating irrigation pipe, this infiltrating irrigation pipe front end utilizes joint to be connected with the person in charge, and its end then is combined with plug.

9. greenhouse according to claim 8 ventilation feedwater and the structure that supplements the nutrients is characterized in that, this infiltrating irrigation pipe be in vitrified-clay pipe, dirt pipe, pipe of concrete, metal tube, plastic cement pipe and the rubber tube any.

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